WO2009123084A1 - マグネシウム合金およびその製造方法 - Google Patents
マグネシウム合金およびその製造方法 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2009123084A1 WO2009123084A1 PCT/JP2009/056442 JP2009056442W WO2009123084A1 WO 2009123084 A1 WO2009123084 A1 WO 2009123084A1 JP 2009056442 W JP2009056442 W JP 2009056442W WO 2009123084 A1 WO2009123084 A1 WO 2009123084A1
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- Prior art keywords
- magnesium alloy
- magnesium
- mass
- elongation
- temperature
- Prior art date
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- 229910000861 Mg alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 105
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title abstract description 14
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 title abstract description 5
- 229910052772 Samarium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 70
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 68
- 229910052727 yttrium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 66
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 47
- 239000002244 precipitate Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 41
- FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium Chemical compound [Mg] FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 38
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 38
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 26
- 230000032683 aging Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 239000006104 solid solution Substances 0.000 claims description 44
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 claims description 35
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 16
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000009864 tensile test Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- -1 After the casting Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 abstract description 11
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 8
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- KZUNJOHGWZRPMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N samarium atom Chemical compound [Sm] KZUNJOHGWZRPMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 3
- VWQVUPCCIRVNHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N yttrium atom Chemical compound [Y] VWQVUPCCIRVNHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 3
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 20
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 16
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 14
- 238000001125 extrusion Methods 0.000 description 13
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 12
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 12
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 10
- 229910000765 intermetallic Inorganic materials 0.000 description 9
- 238000001513 hot isostatic pressing Methods 0.000 description 8
- 238000005242 forging Methods 0.000 description 7
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 description 4
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000000470 constituent Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000002425 crystallisation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000008025 crystallization Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000000691 measurement method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000035882 stress Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000010409 thin film Substances 0.000 description 3
- XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Argon Chemical compound [Ar] XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000005484 gravity Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000001192 hot extrusion Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000003754 machining Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000001556 precipitation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000004445 quantitative analysis Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052761 rare earth metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000007670 refining Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000007711 solidification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000008023 solidification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910000838 Al alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910000967 As alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium Chemical compound [Ca] OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910001018 Cast iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052692 Dysprosium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052688 Gadolinium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052689 Holmium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052771 Terbium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc Chemical compound [Zn] HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000005275 alloying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052786 argon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000033228 biological regulation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007796 conventional method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004512 die casting Methods 0.000 description 1
- KBQHZAAAGSGFKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N dysprosium atom Chemical compound [Dy] KBQHZAAAGSGFKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012467 final product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 description 1
- UIWYJDYFSGRHKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N gadolinium atom Chemical compound [Gd] UIWYJDYFSGRHKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KJZYNXUDTRRSPN-UHFFFAOYSA-N holmium atom Chemical compound [Ho] KJZYNXUDTRRSPN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000010191 image analysis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000006911 nucleation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010899 nucleation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008520 organization Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000005498 polishing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001376 precipitating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000717 retained effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005096 rolling process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920006395 saturated elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004544 sputter deposition Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- GZCRRIHWUXGPOV-UHFFFAOYSA-N terbium atom Chemical compound [Tb] GZCRRIHWUXGPOV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000010119 thixomolding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000007 visual effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000037303 wrinkles Effects 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22F—CHANGING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF NON-FERROUS METALS AND NON-FERROUS ALLOYS
- C22F1/00—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working
- C22F1/06—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working of magnesium or alloys based thereon
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C23/00—Alloys based on magnesium
- C22C23/06—Alloys based on magnesium with a rare earth metal as the next major constituent
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a magnesium alloy having excellent strength and elongation at high temperatures and excellent creep characteristics at high temperatures, and a method for producing the same. Specifically, the present invention relates to a magnesium alloy suitable for a structural material such as an engine part used at a high temperature, a structural material processed and used at a high temperature, and a manufacturing method thereof.
- magnesium alloys have been applied to strength members constituting engines, frames and the like.
- Magnesium alloys are also widely used as constituent materials for casings of electric and electronic devices and engine parts (pistons, connecting rods) for automobiles, aircrafts and the like.
- magnesium (Mg) When used as a structural material, magnesium (Mg) has a specific gravity of 1.8 and is practically the lightest metal (specific gravity of about 2/3 of aluminum and about 1/4 of iron). Mg is also excellent in specific strength, specific rigidity, and thermal conductivity.
- a magnesium alloy is used as a structural material of a vehicle or the like used in a high temperature atmosphere, especially when used as a member constituting an engine, the magnesium alloy is exposed to a high temperature of 200 to 300 ° C. Heat resistance (high temperature strength) in the temperature range is required.
- All of these magnesium alloys are intended to improve the high temperature strength by crystallizing or precipitating an intermetallic compound of the added element and Mg at the grain boundaries.
- These intermetallic compound phases contain Al, Si, rare earth elements, Ca and the like, have a high melting point, prevent grains from sliding under a high-temperature load, and improve high-temperature strength.
- the alloy element is magnesium. It has also been proposed to dissolve in a matrix (Patent Document 3). More specifically, an alloy element having a radius that is a certain amount larger than magnesium and having a maximum solid solution amount of 2% by mass or more with respect to magnesium is added, and the solid solution is dissolved below the maximum solid solution amount. It has been proposed to strengthen.
- Patent Document 3 specific examples of these elements include gadolinium (Gd), dysprosium (Dy), terbium (Tb), holmium (Ho), yttrium (Y), and samarium (Sm). ing. Moreover, Ca, Al, Zn etc. are illustrated as a comparative example.
- the magnesium alloy is a difficult-to-process material, there is a drawback that it is not easy to form into a desired shape. That is, the magnesium alloy has a drawback that it has a low solidification latent heat and a high solidification rate, so that it is difficult to cast, and defects such as nests and water wrinkles are likely to occur in the obtained cast product. For this reason, there is a problem that a product whose appearance is emphasized has a low yield and has a high cost because defects must be putty-treated. Further, since the magnesium alloy has a close-packed hexagonal crystal shape, the ductility is low, and it is necessary to perform processing at a high temperature of 300 to 500 ° C. when processing a plate or bar by pressing or forging. Even when processing is performed at such a high temperature, there are problems such as a low processing speed, an increase in the number of steps, and a short mold life.
- a magnesium alloy is formed into a plate shape by a die casting or thixomolding molding machine, the plate material is rolled at room temperature to give strain, and then heated to 350 to 400 ° C. to recrystallize the crystal grain size.
- a method has been proposed in which ductility is improved by refining the thickness to 0.1 to 30 ⁇ m (see Patent Document 5).
- the plate material with improved ductility is formed by pressing or forging.
- the method of forging from a billet as described in Patent Document 2 has a limit in terms of shape and thickness in order to form a complex and precise shape part with a magnesium alloy.
- the method of forming from a magnesium alloy plate as described in Patent Documents 5, 6, and 7, thin-walled parts can be manufactured, but the plate is pressed and forged into a complicated and precise shape. It is difficult to obtain goods.
- the present invention has been made in order to solve such problems, and is a magnesium alloy that has both excellent high-temperature strength and excellent hot workability, and further improved creep characteristics at high temperatures, and production thereof. Is to provide a method.
- the gist of the magnesium alloy of the present invention includes Y: 1.8 to 8.0% by mass, Sm: 1.4 to 8.0% by mass, the balance Mg and unavoidable A magnesium alloy composed of impurities, wherein the solid solution amounts of Y and Sm in the magnesium matrix are Y: 0.8 to 4.0 mass%, Sm: 0.6 to 3.2 mass%,
- the average crystal grain size of the magnesium alloy structure is in the range of 3 to 30 ⁇ m, and precipitates with a diameter of 2 nm or more observed by a 30,000 times TEM are present in the average of 160 pieces / ⁇ m 2 or more in these crystal grains. is there.
- the magnesium alloy of the present invention preferably has a tensile strength of 200 MPa or more and an elongation of 20% or more when the magnesium alloy is subjected to a tensile test at 250 ° C.
- the magnesium alloy is preferably subjected to a solution treatment after casting, formed into a predetermined shape by hot working, and further subjected to an aging treatment.
- this solution treatment and hot working the solid solution amount of Y and Sm and the average crystal grain size of the structure can be achieved.
- this aging treatment can secure the number of precipitates in the crystal grains and improve the creep characteristics at high temperatures.
- the gist of the method for producing a magnesium alloy having excellent creep characteristics at high temperature according to the present invention is as follows: Y: 1.8 to 8.0 mass%, Sm: 1.4 to 8.
- a magnesium alloy melt containing 0% by mass and the balance Mg and inevitable impurities was cast, and after the casting, solution treatment was performed at a temperature of 450 to 550 ° C., and after the solution treatment, 350 to 550 ° C. Is formed into a predetermined product shape by hot working at a temperature of 150 ° C. and further subjected to an aging treatment at a temperature of 150 to 300 ° C.
- the present invention actively crystallizes or precipitates a part of the contained Y and Sm as an intermetallic compound at the grain boundary as in the conventional case. Instead, it is characterized by being dissolved in a magnesium matrix. This improves the strength and elongation at high temperatures.
- the present invention is characterized in that the remaining Y and Sm contained are precipitated as precipitates in magnesium crystal grains, and the number of precipitates (average number) in the crystal grains is ensured. . This improves the creep characteristics at high temperatures.
- the magnesium alloy of the present invention has a tensile strength of 200 MPa or more and an elongation of 20% or more when subjected to a tensile test at 250 ° C. by a combination of two specific solid solution elements Y and Sm. Therefore, according to the present invention, mechanical properties that achieve both excellent strength at high temperature and excellent elongation can be obtained.
- the difference between the embodiment of Patent Document 3 and the present invention arises from the difference in the solid solution amount of Y and Sm contained in the magnesium matrix and the difference in the average crystal grain size of the structure.
- the contained Y and Sm are dissolved in the magnesium matrix substantially or positively (forcedly) as an intermetallic compound without crystallization (precipitation) at the grain boundary.
- Patent Document 3 even if the magnesium alloy contains Y and Sm, it is not possible to ensure both the solid solution amount in the magnesium matrix and the refinement of the crystal grain size. If the solid solution amount of Y and Sm in the magnesium matrix is to be increased as defined in the present invention, the solution treatment for positively dissolving Y and Sm becomes essential. In Patent Document 3, a property test is performed with the cast material intact, and no solution treatment is performed. The contained Y and Sm are solid-dissolved in the magnesium matrix even at the time of casting, but the amount of the solid solution is greatly limited due to the limitations of the manufacturing process such as the limit of the cooling rate at the time of casting.
- the solid solution amount of Y and Sm can be secured as defined in the present invention.
- the crystal grain size becomes coarse, and the average crystal grain size of the structure increases beyond the range of 3 to 30 ⁇ m defined in the present invention. Therefore, even if Y and Sm are dissolved, and the solid solution amount of Y and Sm can be increased as defined in the present invention, the average crystal grain size of the structure exceeds the range defined in the present invention.
- excellent strength at high temperatures and excellent elongation cannot be achieved at the same time.
- the ingot after casting is preliminarily subjected to a solution treatment, and the contained Y and Sm are dissolved in a substantial amount in the magnesium matrix as defined in the present invention by an amount that can ensure elongation at the high temperature, Further, hot working is performed to refine the crystal grain size.
- the high temperature strength of the magnesium alloy after the solution treatment is improved, and the elongation at high temperature is improved to ensure hot workability.
- a part of the contained Y and Sm is dissolved, while the remaining part of the contained Y and Sm is not precipitated at the grain boundary as in the prior art, but is converted to a magnesium crystal. Precipitate as precipitates in the grains. As a result, the number of precipitates in the magnesium crystal grains can be secured, and the creep characteristics at high temperatures are improved.
- Y and Sm are precipitated as precipitates in the magnesium crystal grains by further aging treatment after the solution treatment and hot working described above. Thereby, the number of precipitates in the crystal grains can be secured. Without such an artificial aging treatment, the number of Y and Sm precipitates in the magnesium crystal grains cannot be ensured enough to improve the creep characteristics at high temperatures.
- the magnesium alloy of the present invention has excellent high-temperature strength and hot workability, and preferably has a high tensile strength of 200 MPa or more and an elongation of 20% or more when the magnesium alloy is subjected to a tensile test at 250 ° C.
- the purpose is to have characteristics.
- the magnesium alloy of the present invention has a specific component composition in order to improve creep characteristics at high temperatures.
- the magnesium alloy of the present invention contains Y: 1.8 to 8.0% by mass and Sm: 1.4 to 8.0% by mass, respectively, from the remaining Mg and unavoidable impurities.
- the solid solution amounts of Y and Sm in the magnesium matrix are Y: 0.8 to 4.0 mass%, Sm: 0.6 to 3.2 mass%.
- Y 1.8-8.0 mass% Y coexists with Sm to ensure the high temperature strength and high temperature elongation of the magnesium alloy. If the content of Y is too small, such as less than 1.8% by mass, the solid solution amount of Y in the magnesium matrix cannot ensure the minimum 0.8% by mass for ensuring excellent high-temperature strength and high-temperature elongation. . In this case, the minimum number of precipitates in the crystal grains of 160 / ⁇ m 2 for securing the creep characteristics at a high temperature cannot be secured.
- the Y content exceeds 8.0% by mass, the amount of crystallization of the Y-based intermetallic compound at the grain boundary increases, and on the contrary, the high temperature strength and the high temperature elongation are lowered. Even if the Y content exceeds 8.0% by mass, the solid solution amount of Y in the magnesium matrix does not exceed 5.0% by mass, so there is no need to further contain Y.
- Sm 1.4 to 8.0 mass% Sm coexists with Y to ensure the high temperature strength and high temperature elongation of the magnesium alloy. If the Sm content is too small, less than 1.4% by mass, the solid solution amount of Sm in the magnesium matrix cannot ensure the minimum 0.6% by mass for securing excellent high-temperature strength and high-temperature elongation. . In this case, the minimum number of precipitates in the crystal grains of 160 / ⁇ m 2 for securing the creep characteristics at a high temperature cannot be secured.
- the Sm content is more than 8.0% by mass, the amount of crystallization of the Sm-based intermetallic compound at the grain boundary increases, and on the contrary, the high temperature strength and the high temperature elongation are lowered. Even if the Sm content exceeds 8.0% by mass, the solid solution amount of Sm in the magnesium matrix does not exceed 4.0% by mass, so there is no need to further contain Sm.
- the solid solution amounts of Y and Sm in the magnesium matrix are Y: 0.8 to 4.0 mass% and Sm: 0.6 to 3.2 mass%. If the solid solution amount of Y and Sm is less than the above lower limit, excellent high temperature strength and high temperature elongation cannot be secured. On the other hand, in the present invention, since it is necessary to secure the number of precipitates in the crystal grains of Y and Sm, it is difficult for the solid solution amount of Y and Sm to exceed the above-described upper limit even if solution treatment is performed. And the effect is saturated. Furthermore, in order to increase the solid solution amount of Y and Sm, since the solution treatment is performed at a high temperature and for a long time, the crystal grain size becomes extremely coarse, and the crystal grains may not be refined even by subsequent hot working. Is expensive.
- Solid solution amount of Y and Sm In order to measure the solid solution amount of Y and Sm, first, a sample is taken from the final magnesium alloy (bar, plate, etc.) produced, and a thin film sample for TEM observation is prepared by electropolishing. For this sample, an image is obtained at a magnification of 300000 times using, for example, Hitachi: HF-2200 Field Emission Transmission Electron Microscope (FE-TEM). Subsequently, for this image, for example, by performing component quantitative analysis using an NSS energy dispersive analyzer (EDX) manufactured by Noran, precipitates (intermetallic compounds) precipitated (crystallized) in the grain boundaries and grains of magnesium. ) Is excluded from the measurement object, and the solid solution amounts of Y and Sm in the magnesium matrix are obtained.
- EDX NSS energy dispersive analyzer
- the Y and Sm precipitates in the crystal grains of magnesium are present in an average of 160 / ⁇ m 2 or more of precipitates having a diameter of 2 nm or more, which are observed by a 300,000 times TEM. If the number of precipitates of Y and Sm is too small below this lower limit, the creep characteristics at high temperatures cannot be improved. On the other hand, in the present invention, as described above, a part of Y and Sm is dissolved, so even if an aging treatment is performed, the upper limit of the amount of precipitates in the crystal grains is naturally limited due to the amount of the solid solution. is there.
- Precipitate measurement In order to measure the number of intragranular precipitates of these crystal grains, first, a sample is taken from the final manufactured magnesium alloy (bar, plate, etc.), and a thin film sample for TEM observation is obtained by electrolytic polishing, ion sputtering, etc. Is made. For this sample, an image is obtained at a magnification (300000 times) using, for example, Hitachi: HF-2200 Field Emission Transmission Electron Microscope (FE-TEM). Next, for this image, for example, by performing quantitative component analysis using an NSS energy dispersive analyzer (EDX) manufactured by Noran, the precipitates (intermetallic compounds) precipitated in the magnesium crystal grains are identified. .
- EDX NSS energy dispersive analyzer
- the number of precipitates is the number per unit area (/ ⁇ m 2 ) of the sample, and the thickness t of the sample observed and transmitted through the TEM (a thin film having a thickness of about 0.1 mm). ) was not converted into the number (density) per unit volume (/ ⁇ m 3 ).
- the measurement site of the magnesium alloy or the magnesium alloy molded product is not particularly limited, but the measurement site is preferably the same.
- the measurement target is a round column (cylindrical) shape having a diameter D
- the measurement site is an arbitrary one in the range of 1/4 ⁇ D to 1/2 ⁇ D from the circumferential surface and the bottom surface of the round column. It is preferable to make this part.
- the measurement target is a plate having a thickness t or a prism shape
- the measurement site is preferably in the range of 1/4 ⁇ t to 1/2 ⁇ t from each surface.
- the average crystal grain size of the magnesium alloy structure is refined in the range of 3 to 30 ⁇ m to further improve the strength and elongation at high temperatures of the magnesium alloy. Even if the solid solution amounts of Y and Sm are ensured, when the average crystal grain size exceeds 30 ⁇ m, the strength and elongation of the magnesium alloy at high temperatures are lowered. Moreover, it is difficult to make the average crystal grain size of the magnesium alloy structure 3 ⁇ m or less by the current hot working process capability including hot isostatic pressing and normal hot extrusion.
- the crystal grain size referred to in the present invention means the maximum diameter of crystal grains in a magnesium alloy material structure after hot working including extrusion.
- the crystal grain size is determined by observing the surface of the magnesium alloy material that has been mechanically polished by 0.05 to 0.1 mm and then electrolytically etched using an optical microscope, and in the extrusion direction or longitudinal direction of the magnesium alloy material by a line intercept method. taking measurement.
- One measurement line length is 0.2 mm, and a total of five fields are observed with three lines per field. Accordingly, the total measurement line length is 0.2 mm ⁇ 15 3 mm.
- the solution treatment of the magnesium alloy is preferably performed at a solution treatment temperature of 50 to 550 ° C. for 5 to 30 hours.
- a more preferable solution treatment temperature is 500 to 550 ° C. If this temperature is too low, or if the time is too short, the solid solution amount of Y and Sm may be insufficient. On the other hand, if this temperature is too high, or if the time is too long, the crystal grains may become coarse.
- the hot working temperature such as hot isostatic extrusion or normal hot extrusion is preferably 350 to 550 ° C. A more preferable hot working temperature is 400 to 500 ° C.
- hot working temperature is less than 350 ° C.
- hot working becomes difficult even if the elongation at high temperature is high.
- the hot working temperature is higher than 550 ° C.
- the amount of processing (processing rate) in hot processing such as extrusion ratio and rolling reduction gives a large number of crystal grain nucleation sites by imparting strain, and the average crystal grain size of the magnesium alloy structure is in the range of 3-30 ⁇ m. The amount is sufficient for miniaturization.
- the magnesium alloy molded product formed into a predetermined product shape by the hot working is further subjected to aging treatment at a temperature of 150 to 300 ° C.
- a temperature of 150 to 300 ° C As a result, an average of 160 precipitates / ⁇ m 2 or more of precipitates having a diameter of 2 nm or more observed in a crystal grain by a 300,000 times TEM.
- the average crystal grain size of the magnesium alloy structure is in the range of 3 to 30 ⁇ m, and the solid solution amount of Y and Sm in the magnesium matrix are set to Y: 0.
- the range of 0.8 to 4.0% by mass and Sm: 0.6 to 3.2% by mass is retained. For this reason, the aging treatment is performed within the above temperature range.
- Magnesium alloy composition and manufacturing method especially magnesium alloy obtained by changing solution treatment conditions and hot working conditions, and by changing various solid solution amounts of Y and Sm, crystal grain size, etc. in the magnesium alloy structure
- the properties such as strength and elongation at high temperatures were evaluated.
- the magnesium alloys having the chemical composition shown in Table 1 below were melted in an electric melting furnace under an argon inert atmosphere, cast into a cast iron book mold at a temperature of 750 ° C., and a length of 95 mm ⁇ ⁇ 100 mm was obtained. A magnesium alloy ingot was obtained. Then, the surfaces of these ingots were chamfered by machining to obtain magnesium alloy billets each having a length of 68 mm ⁇ ⁇ 100 mm.
- each billet was subjected to a solution treatment for 10 hours in common under the temperature conditions shown in Table 1. Then, while starting extrusion at the said solution treatment temperature, the test material of a round bar shape (round column) was obtained by performing the hot isostatic extrusion process extruded on the extrusion ratio conditions shown in Table 1. The wall thickness (diameter) varied depending on the extrusion ratio, and at an extrusion ratio of 10, it was ⁇ 22 mm. An aging treatment was performed after this extrusion molding. In addition, in the comparative example, the example which does not perform these solution treatment or hot isostatic pressing, and also an aging treatment was also implemented.
- the balance composition excluding the described element content is Mg except for trace components such as oxygen, hydrogen and nitrogen.
- “ ⁇ ” shown in each element content in Table 1 indicates that it is below the detection limit.
- the crystal grain size of the manufactured magnesium alloy extruded material was measured by the above-described line intercept method. The arbitrary five places of the same test piece were measured and those average values were employ
- the average number of precipitates in the crystal grains of the produced magnesium alloy extruded material is a sample structure for measurement taken from a portion at a position of 1 ⁇ 4 ⁇ D from each surface of the magnesium alloy of the round column.
- TEM was performed using a “Hitachi Ltd .: H-800 transmission electron microscope (TEM)” at an applied voltage of 200 KV.
- the surface of the sample for measurement collected as described above was mechanically polished, precision polished, and further ion-sputtered.
- the average number of precipitates of the size was calculated by image analysis of the field of view of the TEM, and “ImagePro Plus” manufactured by MEDIA CYBERNETICS was used as the image analysis software.
- the strength at high temperature tensile strength, 0.2% yield strength: MPa
- the elongation at high temperature total elongation:% were measured. As these values, an average value obtained by testing three test pieces under the same conditions was adopted.
- the contents of Y and Sm are within the composition of the present invention, and the solution treatment temperature, the extrusion ratio of hot isostatic pressing, and the aging treatment are preferred. Performed within range, we have obtained a product magnesium alloy.
- the structure of the inventive example is that the solid solution amount of Y and Sm in the magnesium matrix according to each measurement method described above is within the composition of the present invention, and the average crystal grain size and crystal of the magnesium alloy structure The average number of precipitates in the grains is also within the scope of the present invention.
- each inventive example has a tensile strength of 200 MPa or more, a 0.2% proof stress of 150 MPa or more, an elongation of 20% or more when subjected to a tensile test at 250 ° C., and is excellent in strength and elongation at high temperatures.
- the minimum creep rate is 1.5 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 3 (1.5E-03)% / h or less, and the creep characteristics are also excellent. Therefore, it can be seen that Invention Examples 1 to 8 have both excellent strength, elongation and creep characteristics at high temperatures.
- Comparative Examples 9 to 13 are the same magnesium alloys within the composition of the present invention as the inventive examples, but the manufacturing conditions such as solution treatment, hot isostatic pressing, and aging treatment are not used. Yes. Of these, Comparative Examples 9 and 11 remain ingots that are not subjected to hot isostatic pressing (Comparative Example 9 is not subjected to solution treatment). In Comparative Examples 10, 12, and 13, production conditions such as solution treatment, hot isostatic pressing, and aging treatment are not included. For this reason, the structures of Comparative Examples 9 to 13 are out of the scope of the present invention in terms of the solid solution amount of Y and Sm in the magnesium matrix, the average crystal grain size, or the average number of precipitates in the crystal grains.
- Comparative Examples 14 to 17 the content of either Y or Sm is out of the composition of the present invention. Therefore, in these Comparative Examples 14 to 17, although the manufacturing conditions such as solution treatment, hot isostatic pressing, and aging treatment are performed within a preferable range, the structure is converted into a magnesium matrix. The amount of solid solution of Y and Sm is out of the scope of the present invention. Therefore, it can be seen that Comparative Examples 14 to 17 have insufficient strength and elongation at high temperatures.
- the composition of the present invention of Y and Sm, the solid solution amount, the average crystal grain size, the precipitation in the magnesium alloy of the present invention for achieving both excellent strength and elongation and excellent creep properties at high temperatures.
- the critical significance of the number of objects and the significance of balancing the amount of solid solution and the number of precipitates are supported.
- the significance of hot working such as solution treatment and hot isostatic pressing for obtaining these structures and the significance of each preferred condition are supported.
- the magnesium alloy is superior in strength and elongation at high temperatures, that is, excellent in high temperature strength and hot workability, and further in creep characteristics and improved in reliability as a member. And a manufacturing method thereof.
- the magnesium alloy according to the present invention is suitably applied to constituent materials such as casings of electric and electronic devices and engine parts (pistons, connecting rods) of automobiles, aircrafts, etc. that require these high-temperature characteristics. can do.
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Abstract
Description
本発明のマグネシウム合金は、高温強度と熱間加工性に優れたものとし、好ましくは、マグネシウム合金を250℃で引張試験した際の引張強度が200MPa以上で、伸びが20%以上であるという高温特性を有することを目的とする。これらの目的に加え、本発明のマグネシウム合金は、高温でのクリープ特性を向上させるために、特定の成分組成を有する。
Yは、Smと共存してマグネシウム合金の高温強度および高温伸びを確保する。Yの含有量が1.8質量%未満と少な過ぎると、マグネシウムマトリックスへのYの固溶量が、優れた高温強度および高温伸びを確保するための最低限度の0.8質量%を確保できない。また、この場合には、高温でのクリープ特性を確保するための、前記結晶粒内の最低限度の析出物個数160個/μm2も確保できない。一方、Yの含有量が8.0質量%を超えて多過ぎると、Y系金属間化合物の粒界への晶出量が増して、却って、高温強度および高温伸びを低下させる。また、Yの含有量が8.0質量%を超えて多いとしても、マグネシウムマトリックスへのYの固溶量は5.0質量%を超えないため、Yをそれ以上含有させる必要もない。
Smは、Yと共存してマグネシウム合金の高温強度および高温伸びを確保する。Smの含有量が1.4質量%未満と少な過ぎると、マグネシウムマトリックスへのSmの固溶量が、優れた高温強度および高温伸びを確保するための最低限度の0.6質量%を確保できない。また、この場合には、高温でのクリープ特性を確保するための、前記結晶粒内の最低限度の析出物個数160個/μm2も確保できない。一方、Smの含有量が8.0質量%を超えて多過ぎると、Sm系金属間化合物の粒界への晶出量が増して、却って、高温強度および高温伸びを低下させる。また、Smの含有量が8.0質量%を超えて多いとしても、マグネシウムマトリックスへのSmの固溶量は4.0質量%を超えないため、Smをそれ以上含有させる必要もない。
マグネシウムマトリックスへの前記YおよびSmの固溶量は、Y:0.8~4.0質量%、Sm:0.6~3.2質量%とする。YおよびSmの固溶量が、前記した下限を下回って少な過ぎると、優れた高温強度および高温伸びが確保できない。一方、本発明では、YおよびSmの前記結晶粒内の析出物個数を確保する必要があるので、溶体化処理を行っても、YおよびSmの固溶量が前記した上限を超えることは困難であり、その効果も飽和する。更に、YおよびSmの固溶量を増すためには、溶体化処理が高温、長時間化するために、結晶粒径が著しく粗大化し、続く熱間加工によっても結晶粒を微細化できない可能性が高い。
これらYおよびSmの固溶量を測定するには、まず、製造された最終のマグネシウム合金(棒、板など)から試料を採取して、電解研磨によりTEM観察用薄膜サンプルを作製する。そして、このサンプルについて、例えば日立製作所製:HF-2200電界放出型透過電子顕微鏡(FE-TEM)により倍率×300000倍で像を得る。次いで、この像について、例えばNoran社製NSSエネルギー分散型分析装置(EDX)による成分定量分析を行うことにより、マグネシウムの粒界や粒内に析出(晶出)している析出物(金属間化合物)を測定対象から省いて、マグネシウムマトリックス中のYおよびSmの固溶量を求める。
マグネシウムの結晶粒内の、YおよびSmの析出物は、300000倍のTEMにより観察される直径2nm以上の析出物が平均で160個/μm2以上存在させる。YおよびSmの析出物個数が、この下限を下回って少な過ぎると、高温でのクリープ特性を向上させることができない。一方、本発明では、前記した通りYおよびSmの一部を固溶させるので、時効処理を行っても、この固溶量との関係で、結晶粒内の析出物量の上限には自ずと限界がある。
これら結晶粒の粒内析出物の個数を測定するには、まず、製造された最終のマグネシウム合金(棒、板など)から試料を採取して、電解研磨、イオンスパッタなどによりTEM観察用薄膜サンプルを作製する。そして、このサンプルについて、例えば日立製作所製:HF-2200電界放出型透過電子顕微鏡(FE-TEM)により、倍率(300000倍)で像を得る。次いで、この像について、例えばNoran社製NSSエネルギー分散型分析装置(EDX)による成分定量分析を行うことにより、マグネシウムの結晶粒の粒内に析出している析出物(金属間化合物)を同定する。そして、直径が2nm以上のサイズを有する析出物の個数を測定し、測定した結晶粒内の視野面積および測定した試料数N(例えばN=5)で、1μm2当たりの個数に平均化(個/μm2)する。なお、本発明において、この析出物個数は、試料の単位面積(/μm2)当たりの個数とするものであり、TEMにおいて観察、透過される試料の膜厚t(約0.1mm程度の薄膜)を考慮した単位体積(/μm3)当たりの個数(密度)への換算は行わなかった。
本発明では、以上の合金組成を前提に、マグネシウム合金組織の平均結晶粒径を3~30μmの範囲に微細化させて、マグネシウム合金の高温での強度と伸びを更に向上させる。YおよびSmの固溶量が確保されていても、平均結晶粒径が30μmを超えた場合には、マグネシウム合金の高温での強度と伸びは低下する。また、マグネシウム合金組織の平均結晶粒径を3μm以下とすることは、熱間静水圧押出や通常の熱間押出を含めた現状の熱間加工工程の能力では難しい。
本発明で言う結晶粒径は、押出を含めた熱間加工後のマグネシウム合金材組織における、結晶粒の最大径を意味する。この結晶粒径は、マグネシウム合金材を0.05~0.1mm機械研磨した後電解エッチングした表面を、光学顕微鏡を用いて観察し、マグネシウム合金材の押出方向あるいは長手方向に、ラインインターセプト法により測定する。1測定ライン長さは0.2mmとし、1視野当たり各3本で合計5視野を観察する。従って、全測定ライン長さは、0.2mm×15の3mmとなる。
本発明のマグネシウム合金を得るための、好ましい製造方法、条件について以下に説明する。
本発明では、特定成分組成に調整したマグネシウム合金溶湯のインゴット鋳造後、インゴットを必要により熱間加工するためのビレットへの機械加工、YおよびSmを固溶させるための溶体化処理、結晶粒微細化のための押出などの熱間加工を行なう。一般的なマグネシウム合金の製造工程では、これらの製造方法は通常行なわず、鋳造ままで製品として使用するか、これに溶体化処理などの熱処理を施すのみである。
製造したマグネシウム合金押出材のYとSmとの固溶量は、前記したFE-TEMとEDXとを用いた成分定量分析により行なった。同一試験片の任意の5箇所を測定し、それらの平均値を採用した。
製造したマグネシウム合金押出材の結晶粒径は、前記したラインインターセプト法で測定した。同一試験片の任意の5箇所を測定し、それらの平均値を採用した。
製造したマグネシウム合金押出材の結晶粒内の析出物の平均個数は、前記したように、丸柱のマグネシウム合金の各面から1/4・Dの位置にある部分から採取した測定用試料組織を、倍率300000倍のTEMにより観察することにより、直径2nm以上の析出物の個数を測定した。そして、測定した結晶粒内の視野面積および測定した試料数N(N=5)で、1μm2当たりの個数に平均化した(個/μm2)。TEMは「日立製作所:H-800透過型電子顕微鏡(TEM)」を用い、加圧電圧200KVにて行った。また、各例とも、前記のように採取した測定用試料表面を、機械的に研磨後、精密研磨して、更にイオンスパッタして作成した。前記サイズの析出物の平均個数の算出は、TEMの視野を画像解析して行い、画像解析ソフトは、MEDIA CYBERNETICS社製の「ImagePro Plus 」を用いた。
各例とも、マグネシウム合金から採取した測定用試料を用い、公知の定荷重クリープ試験を行った。マグネシウム合金の使用条件を考慮して、設定温度は200℃とした。そして、負荷荷重を80MPaとして、200時間までのクリープ試験を実施し、クリープ特性(最小クリープ速度)を求めた。高温においては、一定の荷重をかけただけでもマグネシウム合金の変形は進むので、この変形量あるいはひずみ量を表す最小クリープ速度が小さい方が、クリープ特性に優れる。前記した各用途の構成材料としては、200℃の温度では、最小クリープ速度が1.5×10-3(1.5E-03)%/h以下でクリープ特性が合格となる。
高温での引張試験は、長手方向を押出方向とした試験片を用いて、5882型インストロン社製万能試験機により行い、250℃、試験速度0.2mm/min、GL=6mmの条件で、高温での強度(引張強度、0.2%耐力:MPa)と、高温での伸び(全伸び:%)を測定した。これらの値は、同一条件の試験片を3本試験した結果の平均値を採用した。
Claims (4)
- Y:1.8~8.0質量%、Sm:1.4~8.0質量%を各々含有し、残部Mgおよび不可避的不純物からなるマグネシウム合金であって、
マグネシウムマトリックスへの前記YおよびSmの固溶量が、Y:0.8~4.0質量%、Sm:0.6~3.2質量%であり、
このマグネシウム合金組織の平均結晶粒径が3~30μmの範囲であり、
これら結晶粒内に、300000倍のTEMにより観察される直径2nm以上の析出物が、平均で160個/μm2以上存在することを特徴とするマグネシウム合金。 - 前記マグネシウム合金を250℃で引張試験した際、引張強度が200MPa以上であり、伸びが20%以上である請求項1に記載のマグネシウム合金。
- 前記マグネシウム合金が、鋳造後に溶体化処理が施され、熱間加工にて所定の形状に成形され、更に時効処理が施されている請求項1に記載のマグネシウム合金。
- Y:1.8~8.0質量%、Sm:1.4~8.0質量%を各々含有し、残部Mgおよび不可避的不純物からなるマグネシウム合金溶湯を鋳造し、
前記鋳造後、450~550℃の温度で溶体化処理を施し、
前記溶体化処理後、350~550℃の温度で熱間加工して所定の製品形状に成形し、
更に150~300℃の温度で時効処理を施し、
得られたマグネシウム合金成形品組織のマグネシウムマトリックスへの前記YおよびSmの固溶量を、Y:0.8~4.0質量%、Sm:0.6~3.2質量%とし、
このマグネシウム合金組織の平均結晶粒径を3~30μmの範囲とし、
これら結晶粒内に、300000倍のTEMにより観察される直径2nm以上の析出物を、平均で160個/μm2以上存在させることを特徴とするマグネシウム合金の製造方法。
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CN100469930C (zh) * | 2007-07-04 | 2009-03-18 | 北京有色金属研究总院 | 抗蠕变镁合金及其制备方法 |
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2008
- 2008-04-01 JP JP2008095140A patent/JP5215710B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
2009
- 2009-03-30 EP EP09728964A patent/EP2264200B1/en not_active Not-in-force
- 2009-03-30 WO PCT/JP2009/056442 patent/WO2009123084A1/ja active Application Filing
- 2009-03-30 MX MX2010010843A patent/MX2010010843A/es unknown
- 2009-03-30 CN CN2009801080477A patent/CN101960032B/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2009-03-30 US US12/934,090 patent/US8329094B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
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JPS57210946A (en) * | 1981-03-25 | 1982-12-24 | Magnesium Elektron Ltd | Magnesium alloy |
JPS61250144A (ja) * | 1985-04-26 | 1986-11-07 | Ube Ind Ltd | 鋳造用マグネシウム合金 |
JPH09263871A (ja) * | 1996-03-29 | 1997-10-07 | Mitsui Mining & Smelting Co Ltd | 高強度マグネシウム合金製の熱間鍛造品及びその製造法 |
JP2008075176A (ja) * | 2006-08-22 | 2008-04-03 | Kobe Steel Ltd | 高温での強度と伸びに優れたマグネシウム合金およびその製造方法 |
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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JP2011117064A (ja) * | 2009-10-27 | 2011-06-16 | Kobe Steel Ltd | 疲労強度特性に優れた耐熱マグネシウム合金およびその耐熱マグネシウム合金の製造方法並びにエンジン用耐熱部品 |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
EP2264200A1 (en) | 2010-12-22 |
CN101960032A (zh) | 2011-01-26 |
JP2009249647A (ja) | 2009-10-29 |
CN101960032B (zh) | 2012-10-03 |
US20110017367A1 (en) | 2011-01-27 |
MX2010010843A (es) | 2011-04-04 |
EP2264200B1 (en) | 2012-06-27 |
EP2264200A4 (en) | 2011-03-02 |
US8329094B2 (en) | 2012-12-11 |
JP5215710B2 (ja) | 2013-06-19 |
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