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  • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
  • C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
  • C07D243/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing seven-membered rings having two nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms
  • C07D243/04—Heterocyclic compounds containing seven-membered rings having two nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms having the nitrogen atoms in positions 1 and 3
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
  • A61P25/00—Drugs for disorders of the nervous system
  • A61P25/28—Drugs for disorders of the nervous system for treating neurodegenerative disorders of the central nervous system, e.g. nootropic agents, cognition enhancers, drugs for treating Alzheimer's disease or other forms of dementia
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
  • A61P27/00—Drugs for disorders of the senses
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  • A61P27/06—Antiglaucoma agents or miotics
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
  • A61P3/00—Drugs for disorders of the metabolism
  • A61P3/04—Anorexiants; Antiobesity agents
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
  • A61P3/00—Drugs for disorders of the metabolism
  • A61P3/06—Antihyperlipidemics
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
  • A61P3/00—Drugs for disorders of the metabolism
  • A61P3/08—Drugs for disorders of the metabolism for glucose homeostasis
  • A61P3/10—Drugs for disorders of the metabolism for glucose homeostasis for hyperglycaemia, e.g. antidiabetics
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
  • A61P9/00—Drugs for disorders of the cardiovascular system
  • A61P9/10—Drugs for disorders of the cardiovascular system for treating ischaemic or atherosclerotic diseases, e.g. antianginal drugs, coronary vasodilators, drugs for myocardial infarction, retinopathy, cerebrovascula insufficiency, renal arteriosclerosis
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
  • A61P9/00—Drugs for disorders of the cardiovascular system
  • A61P9/12—Antihypertensives
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
  • C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
  • C07D401/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, at least one ring being a six-membered ring with only one nitrogen atom
  • C07D401/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, at least one ring being a six-membered ring with only one nitrogen atom containing two hetero rings
  • C07D401/04—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, at least one ring being a six-membered ring with only one nitrogen atom containing two hetero rings directly linked by a ring-member-to-ring-member bond
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
  • C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
  • C07D401/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, at least one ring being a six-membered ring with only one nitrogen atom
  • C07D401/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, at least one ring being a six-membered ring with only one nitrogen atom containing two hetero rings
  • C07D401/10—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, at least one ring being a six-membered ring with only one nitrogen atom containing two hetero rings linked by a carbon chain containing aromatic rings
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
  • C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
  • C07D403/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, not provided for by group C07D401/00
  • C07D403/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, not provided for by group C07D401/00 containing two hetero rings
  • C07D403/04—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, not provided for by group C07D401/00 containing two hetero rings directly linked by a ring-member-to-ring-member bond
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
  • C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
  • C07D403/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, not provided for by group C07D401/00
  • C07D403/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, not provided for by group C07D401/00 containing two hetero rings
  • C07D403/10—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, not provided for by group C07D401/00 containing two hetero rings linked by a carbon chain containing aromatic rings
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
  • C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
  • C07D409/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, at least one ring having sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms
  • C07D409/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, at least one ring having sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms containing two hetero rings
  • C07D409/10—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, at least one ring having sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms containing two hetero rings linked by a carbon chain containing aromatic rings

Definitions

• the present invention relates to inhibitors of 11 ⁇ -hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1 (11 ⁇ -HSD1), pharmaceutical compositions thereof and methods of using the same.
• Glucocorticoids such as Cortisol (hydrocortisone) are steroid hormones that regulate fat metabolism, function and distribution, and play a role in carbohydrate, protein and fat metabolism. Glucocorticoids are also known to have physiological effects on development, neurobiology, inflammation, blood pressure, metabolism, and programmed cell death. Cortisol and other corticosteroids bind both the glucocorticoid receptor (GR) and the mineralocorticoid receptor (MR), which are members of the nuclear hormone receptor superfamily and have been shown to mediate Cortisol function in vivo. These receptors directly modulate transcription via DNA-binding zinc finger domains and transcriptional activation domains.
• Cortisol hydrocortisone
• glucocorticoid action was attributed to three primary factors: (1) circulating levels of glucocorticoid (driven primarily by the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis); (2) protein binding of glucocorticoids in circulation; and (3) intracellular receptor density inside target tissues.
• HPA hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal
• glucocorticoid function has been identified: tissue-specific pre- receptor metabolism by glucocorticoid-activating and -inactivating enzymes.
• 11 ⁇ -hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (1.1 ⁇ -HSD) pre-receptor control enzymes modulate activation of GR and MR by regulation of glucocorticoid hormones.
• 11 ⁇ -HSD1 also known as 1 1-beta-HSD type 1 , 1 1 betaHSD1 , HSD1 1 B1 , HDL, and HSD11 L
• 11 ⁇ -HSD2 also known as 1 1-beta-HSD type 1 , 1 1 betaHSD1 , HSD1 1 B1 , HDL, and HSD11 L
• 11 ⁇ -HSD1 is a bi-directional oxidoreductase that regenerates active Cortisol from inactive 11-keto forms
• 11 ⁇ -HSD2 is a unidirectional dehydrogenase that inactivates biologically active Cortisol by converting it into cortisone.
• 1 1 ⁇ -HSD1 is widely distributed in rat and human tissues; expression of the enzyme and corresponding mRNA have been detected in human liver, adipose tissue, lung, testis, bone and ciliary epithelium. In adipose tissue, increased Cortisol concentrations stimulate adipocyte differentiation and may play a role in promoting visceral obesity. In the eye, 11 ⁇ -HSD1 may regulate intraocular pressure and may contribute to glaucoma; some data suggest that inhibition of 1 1 ⁇ -HSD1 may cause a drop in intraocular pressure in patients with intraocular hypertension (Kotelevstev et al.
• 1 1 ⁇ -HSD2 expression is found mainly in mineralocorticoid target tissues such as kidney (cortex and medulla), placenta, sigmoid and rectal colon, salivary gland and colonic epithelial cell lines.
• 11 ⁇ -HSD2 acts as an NAD-dependent dehydrogenase catalyzing the inactivation of Cortisol to cortisone (Albiston et al. (1994) MoI. Cell. Endocrin. 105: R11-R17), and has been shown to protect the MR from glucocorticoid excess (e.g., high levels of receptor-active Cortisol) (Blum, et al. (2003) Prog. Nucl. Acid Res. MoI. Biol. 75:173- 216).
• Mutations in either the 11 ⁇ -HSD1 or the 11 ⁇ -HSD2 genes result in human pathology.
• individuals with mutations in 1 1 ⁇ -HSD2 are deficient in this cortisol-inactivation activity and, as a result, present with a syndrome of apparent mineralocorticoid excess (also referred to as "SAME") characterized by hypertension, hypokalemia, and sodium retention (Edwards et al. (1988) Lancet 2: 986-989; Wilson et al. (1998) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. 95: 10200-10205).
• SAME apparent mineralocorticoid excess
• H6PD cortisone reductase deficiency
• PCOS polycystic ovary syndrome
• 1 1 ⁇ -HSD1 inhibitors could be effective in combating obesity and/or aspects of the metabolic syndrome cluster, including glucose intolerance, insulin resistance, hyperglycemia, hypertension, and/or hyperlipidemia (Kotelevstev et al. (1997) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. 94: 14924-14929; Morton et al. (2001) J. Biol. Chem. 276: 41293-41300; Morton et al. (2004) Diabetes 53: 931-938).
• inhibition of 11 ⁇ -HSD1 activity may have beneficial effects on the pancreas, including the enhancement of glucose-stimulated insulin release (Billaudel and Sutter (1979) Horm. Metab. Res. 11 : 555-560; Ogawa et al. (1992) J. Clin. Invest. 90: 497-504; Davani et al. (2000) J. Biol. Chem. 275: 34841-34844).
• Transgenic aP2-1 1 ⁇ HSD1 mice exhibit high arterial blood pressure and have increased sensitivity to dietary salt. Moreover, plasma angiotensinogen levels are elevated in the transgenic mice, as are angiotensin Il and aldosterone; and treatment of the mice with an angiotensin Il antagonist alleviates the hypertension (Masuzaki et al. (2003) J. Clinical Invest. 1 12: 83-90). This suggests that hypertension may be caused or exacerbated by 11 ⁇ -HSD1 activity. Thus, 1 1 ⁇ -HSD1 inhibitors may be useful for treatment of hypertension and hypertension-related cardiovascular disorders.
• PAI-1 plasminogen activator inhibitor 1
• Glucocorticoids can have adverse effects on skeletal tissues; and prolonged exposure to even moderate glucocorticoid doses can result in osteoporosis (Cannalis (1996) J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 81 : 3441-3447).
• 11 ⁇ -HSD1 has been shown to be present in cultures of human primary osteoblasts as well as cells from adult bone (Cooper et al. (2000) Bone 27: 375-381 ), and the 11 ⁇ -HSD1 inhibitor carbenoxolone has been shown to attenuate the negative effects of glucocorticoids on bone nodule formation (Bellows et al. (1998) Bone 23: 1 19-125).
• 11 ⁇ -HSD1 is predicted to decrease the local glucocorticoid concentration within osteoblasts and osteoclasts, thereby producing beneficial effects in various forms of bone disease, including osteoporosis.
• Glucocorticoids may also be useful for immunomodulation.
• glucocorticoids are perceived to suppress the immune system, in actuality, there is a complex, dynamic interaction between the HPA axis and the immune system (Rook (1999) Baillier's Clin. Endocrinol. Metabl. 13: 576-581).
• Glucocorticoids play a role in modulating the balance between cell-mediated and humoral immune response, with high glucocorticoid activity normally associated with a humoral response. Inhibition of 11 ⁇ -HSD1 therefore can be used a means of shifting the immune response towards a cell-mediated response.
• Certain disease states such as tuberculosis, leprosy (Hansen's disease) and psoriasis, trigger immune responses that are biased towards a humoral response whereas the more effective immune response may be a cell-mediated response.
• 11 ⁇ -HSD1 inhibitors may be useful for treating such diseases.
• novel compounds of the instant invention are effective inhibitors of 11 B-HSD1.
• Cy 1 is aryl, heteroaryl, monocyclic cycloalkyl or heterocyclyl, wherein each is optionally substituted with 1 to 4 groups independently selected from fluorine, chlorine, bromine, iodine, cyano, nitro, amino, hydroxy, carboxy, (d-C 6 )alkyl, hydroxy(C 1 -C 6 )alkyl, (C 3 -C 6 )cycloalkyl, hydroxy(C 3 -C 6 )cycloalkyl, (C 4 -
• C 7 cycloalkylalkyl, (C 2 -C 6 )alkenyl, halo(C 2 -C 6 )alkenyl, hydroxy(C 2 -C 6 )alkenyl, (C 2 - C 6 )alkynyl, (C 3 -C 6 )cycloalkyl(C 2 -C 4 )alkynyl, halo(Ci-C 6 )alkyl, halo(C 3 -C 6 )cycloalkyl, halo(C 4 -C 7 )cycloalkylalkyl, (CrC 6 )alkoxy, (C 3 -C 6 )cycloalkoxy, (C 4 -
• C 7 cycloalkylalkylthio, halo(C 1 -C 6 )alkylthio, halo(C 3 -C 6 )cycloalkythio, halo(C 4 - C 7 )cycloalkylalkylthio, (d-C 6 )alkanesulfinyl, (C 3 -C 6 )cycloalkanesulfinyl, (C 4 - C 7 )cycloalkylalkanesulfinyl, halo(Ci-C 6 )alkane-sulfinyl, halo(C 3 -
• a 2 is (a) a bond, O, S or NR 4 ; or (b) (d-C 3 )alkylene or (d-C 2 )alkyleneoxy, each of which is optionally substituted with 1 to 4 groups independently selected from methyl, ethyl, trifluoromethyl or oxo;
• Cy 2 is (a) hydrogen or (b) aryl, heteroaryl, cycloalkyl or heterocyclyl, wherein each is optionally substituted with 1 to 4 groups independently selected from fluorine, chlorine, bromine, iodine, cyano, nitro, amino, hydroxy, carboxy, (d-C 6 )alkyl, hydroxy(Ci-C 6 )alkyl, (C 3 -C 6 )cycloalkyl, hydroxy(C 3 -C 6 )cycloalkyl, (C 4 -
• C 7 cycloalkylalkyl, (C 2 -C 6 )alkenyl, halo(C 2 -C 6 )alkenyl, hydroxy(C 2 -C 6 )alkenyl, (C 2 - C 6 )alkynyl, (C 3 -C 6 )cycloalkyl(C 2 -C 4 )alkynyl, halo(C r C 6 )alkyl, halo(C 3 -C 6 )cycloalkyl, halo(C 4 -C 7 )cycloalkylalkyl, (d-C 6 )alkoxy, (C 3 -C 6 )cycloalkoxy, (C 4 -
• C 7 cycloalkylalkoxy, halo(C 1 -C 6 )alkoxy, halo(C 3 -C 6 )cycloalkoxy, halo(C 4 - C 7 )cycloalkylalkoxy, (d-C 6 )alkylthio, (C 3 -C 6 )cycloalkythio, (C 4 -C 7 )cycloalkyl- alkylthio, halo(C 1 -C 6 )alkylthio, halo(C 3 -C 6 )cycloalkythio, halo(C 4 -
• Y is (C r C 6 )alkyl or halo(C r C 6 )alkyl
• n O, 1 or 2;
• E is (a) a bond or (b) (Ci-C 3 )alkylene or (d-C 2 )alkylenyloxy, wherein the O is attached to R 2 , each of which is optionally substituted with 1 to 4 groups independently selected from methyl, ethyl, trifluoromethyl or oxo;
• R 2 is (Ci-C 6 )alkyl, aryl, heteroaryl, cycloalkyl or heterocyclyl, wherein each is optionally substituted with up to 4 groups independently selected from fluorine, chlorine, bromine, iodine, cyano, nitro, amino, hydroxy, carboxy, (Ci-C ⁇ )alkyl, hydroxy(Ci-C 6 )alkyl, (C 3 -C 6 )cycloalkyl, hydroxy(C 3 -C 6 )cycloalkyl, (C 4 -
• C 7 cycloalkylalkyl, (C 2 -C 6 )alkenyl, halo(C 2 -C 6 )alkenyl, hydroxy(C 2 -C 6 )alkenyl, (C 2 - C 6 )alkynyl, (C 3 -C 6 )cycloalkyl(C 2 -C 4 )alkynyl, halo(Ci-C 6 )alkyl, halo(C 3 -C 6 )cycloalkyl, halo(C 4 -C 7 )cycloalkylalkyl, (C 1 -C 6 )BIkOXy, (C 3 -C 6 )cycloalkoxy, (C 4 -
• C 7 cycloalkylalkylthio, (C 1 -C 6 )alkanesulfinyl, (C 3 -C 6 )cycloalkanesulfinyl, (C 4 - C 7 )cycloalkylalkanesulfinyl, halo(CrC 6 )alkane-sulfinyl, halo(C 3 -
• Q is O or NR 5 ;
• R 4 is independently selected from H, (C ⁇ C 6 )alkyl, halo(C 1 -C 6 )alkyl, aminotCr C 6 )alkyl, (C 1 -C 6 )alkylamino(C 1 -C 6 )alkyl, di(Ci-C 6 )alkylamino(C 1 -C 6 )alkyl, hydroxy(Ci- C 6 )alkyl and (C 1 -C 6 )alkoxy(C 1 -C 6 )alkyl; and
• R 5 is H, (C r C 6 )alkyl, halo(C 1 -C 6 )alkyl, or hydroxy(Ci-C 6 )alkyl; or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, enantiomer or diastereomer thereof.
• Another embodiment is a pharmaceutical composition
• a pharmaceutical composition comprising: i) a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier or diluent; and ii) compound of Formulas I 1 I * , I ** , Ia, Ib 1 Ic, Id, Ie, If, or Ig; or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, enantiomer or diastereomer thereof
• Another embodiment of the invention is a method of inhibiting 1 1 ⁇ -HSD1 activity comprising the step of administering to a mammal in need of such treatment an effective amount of a compound of Formulas I, I * , I ** , Ia, Ib, Ic, Id, Ie, If, or Ig, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, enantiomer or diastereomer thereof.
• Another embodiment of the invention is a method of treating a subject with a disease associated with the activity or expression of 11 ⁇ -HSD1 , comprising the step of administering to the subject an effective amount of a compound of Formulas I, I * , I* * , Ia, Ib, Ic, Id, Ie, If, or Ig, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, enantiomer or diastereomer thereof.
• Another embodiment of the invention is the use of a compound of Formulas I, I * , I ** , Ia 1 Ib, Ic, Id, Ie, If, or Ig, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, enantiomer or diastereomer thereof for the manufacture of a medicament for inhibiting 11 ⁇ -HSD1 activity in a mammal in need of such treatment.
• Another embodiment of the invention is the use of a compound of Formulas I, I * , I* * , Ia, Ib, Ic, Id, Ie, If, or Ig, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, enantiomer or diastereomer thereof for the manufacture of a medicament for treating a subject with a disease associated with the activity or expression of 1 1 ⁇ -HSD1.
• Another embodiment of the invention is a compound of Formulas I, I*, I ** , Ia, Ib, Ic, Id, Ie, If 1 or Ig or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, enantiomer or diastereomer thereof for use in inhibiting 11 ⁇ -HSD1 activity in a mammal in need of such treatment.
• Another embodiment of the invention is a compound of Formulas I, I * , I ** , Ia, Ib 1 Ic, Id, Ie, If 1 or Ig 1 or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, enantiomer or diastereomer thereof for use in for treating a subject with a disease associated with the activity or expression of 11 ⁇ -HSD1.
• the present invention further provides methods of inhibiting 11 ⁇ -HSD1 by contacting 11 ⁇ -HSD1 with a compound of Formula I, I * , I ** , Ia, Ib, Ic 1 Id, Ie, If or Ig of the invention.
• the present invention further provides methods of inhibiting or reducing the conversion of cortisone to Cortisol in a cell using a compound of Formula I 1 I * , I ** , Ia 1 Ib, Ic, Id, Ie, If or Ig of the invention.
• the present invention further provides methods of inhibiting or reducing production of Cortisol in a cell using a compound of Formula I, I * , I ** , Ia 1 Ib, Ic, Id 1 Ie, or If of the invention.
• the present invention further provides methods of increasing insulin sensitivity in a subject in need thereof using a compound of Formula I, I * , I ** , Ia 1 Ib 1 Ic, Id, Ie 1 If or Ig of the invention.
• Another embodiment is a compound of Structural Formula I 1 wherein
• R 2 is aryl, heteroaryl, cycloalkyl or heterocyclyl, wherein each 4 groups independently selected from fluorine, chlorine, bromine, iodine, cyano, nitro, amino, hydroxy, carboxy, (d-C ⁇ Jalkyl, hydroxy(C 1 -C 6 )alkyl, (C 3 -C 6 )cycloalkyl, hydroxy(C 3 - C 6 )cycloalkyl, (C 4 -C 7 )cycloalkylalkyl, (C 2 -C 6 )alkenyl, halo(C 2 -C 6 )alkenyl, hydroxy(C 2 - C 6 )alkenyl, (C 2 -C 6 )alkynyl, (C 3 -C 6 )cycloalkyl(C 2 -C 4 )alkynyl, halo(C 1 -C 6 )
• C 7 cycloalkylalkylthio, (Ci-C 6 )alkanesulfinyl, (C 3 -C 6 )cycloalkanesulfinyl, (C 4 - C 7 )cycloalkylalkanesulfinyl, halo(CrC 6 )alkane-sulfinyl, halo(C 3 - C 6 )cycloalkanesulfinyl, halo(C 4 -C 7 )cycloalkylalkanesulfinyl, (d-C 6 )alkanesulfonyl, (C 3 -C 6 )cycloalkanesulfonyl, (C 4 -C 7 )cycloalkylalkanesulfonyl, KIaIo(C 1 -
• Another embodiment is a compound of Structural Formula I * :
• Cy 2 is aryl, heteroaryl, cycloalkyl or heterocyclyl, wherein each is optionally substituted with 1 to 4 groups independently selected from fluorine, chlorine, bromine, iodine, cyano, nitro, amino, hydroxy, carboxy, (Ci-C 6 )alkyl, hydroxy(d- C 6 )alkyl, (C 3 -C 6 )cycloalkyl, hydroxy(C 3 -C 6 )cycloalkyl, (C 4 -C 7 )cycloalkylalkyl, (C 2 - C 6 )alkenyl, halo(C 2 -C 6 )alkenyl, hydroxy(C 2 -C 6 )alkenyl, (C 2 -C 6 )alkynyl, (C 3 - C 6 )cycloalkyl(C 2 -C 4 )alkynyl, halo(C r C 6 )alkyl, halo(
• Substituents X are independently selected from fluorine, chlorine, bromine, iodine, cyano, nitro, amino, hydroxy, carboxy, (d-C 6 )alkyl, hydroxy(C 1 -C 6 )alkyl, (C 3 - C 6 )cycloalkyl, hydroxy(C 3 -C 6 )cycloalkyJ ⁇ (C 4 -C 7 )cycloalkylalkyl, (C 2 -C 6 )alkenyl, halo(C 2 -C 6 )alkenyl, hydroxy(C 2 -C 6 )alkenyl, (C 2 -C 6 )alkynyl, (C 3 -C 6 )cycloalkyl(C 2 - C 4 )alkynyl, halo(C 1 -C 6 )alkyl, halo(C 3 -C 6 )cycloalkyl, halo(C 4 -C 7
• n 0, 1 , 2, 3, 4;
• m is 1 , 2, or 3 in Structural Formula I * and the remaining values are as described above.
• Another embodiment is a compound of Structural Formula l " :
• Cy 1 is aryl, heteroaryl, monocyclic cycloalkyl or heterocyclyl, wherein each is optionally substituted with 1 to 4 groups independently selected from fluorine, chlorine, bromine, iodine, cyano, nitro, amino, hydroxy, carboxy, (CrC 6 )alkyl, hydroxy(CrC 6 )alkyl, (C 3 -C 6 )cycloalkyl, hydroxy(C 3 -C 6 )cycloalkyl, (C 4 -
• C 7 cycloalkylalkyl, (C 2 -C 6 )alkenyl, halo(C 2 -C 6 )alkenyl, hydroxy(C 2 -C 6 )alkenyl, (C 2 - C 6 )alkynyl, (C 3 -C 6 )cycloalkyl(C 2 -C 4 )alkynyl, halo(C 1 -C 6 )alkyl, halo(C 3 -C 6 )cycloalkyl, halo(C 4 -C 7 )cycloalkylalkyl, (C 1 -C 6 JaIkOXy, (C 3 -C 6 )cycloalkoxy, (C 4 -
• a 2 is a bond
• Cy 2 is (a) hydrogen or (b) aryl, heteroaryl, cycloalkyl or heterocyclyl, wherein each is optionally substituted with 1 to 4 groups independently selected from fluorine, chlorine, bromine, iodine, cyano, nitro, amino, hydroxy, carboxy, (Ci-C ⁇ )alkyl, hydroxy(C 1 -C 6 )alkyl, (C 3 -C 6 )cycloalkyl, hydroxy(C 3 -C 6 )cycloalkyl, (C 4 -
• C 7 cycloalkylalkyl, (C 2 -C 6 )alkenyl, halo(C 2 -C 6 )alkenyl, hydroxy(C 2 -C 6 )alkenyl, (C 2 - C 6 )alkynyl, (C 3 -C 6 )cycloalkyl(C 2 -C 4 )alkynyl, halo(C 1 -C 6 )alkyl, halo(C 3 -C 6 )cycloalkyl, halo(C 4 -C 7 )cycloalkylalkyl, (C 1 -C 6 )BIkOXy, (C 3 -C 6 )cycloalkoxy, (C 4 -
• C 7 cycloalkylalkoxy, halo(C 1 -C 6 )alkoxy, halo(C 3 -C 6 )cycloalkoxy, halo(C 4 - C 7 )cycloalkylalkoxy, (d-C 6 )alkylthio, (C 3 -C 6 )cycloalkythio, (C 4 -C 7 )cycloalkyl- alkylthio, halo(C 1 -C 6 )alkylthio, halo(C 3 -C 6 )cycloalkythio, halo(C 4 -
• Substituents X are independently selected from fluorine, chlorine, bromine, iodine, cyano, nitro, amino, hydroxy, carboxy, (Ci-C 6 )alkyl, hydroxy(d-C 6 )alkyl, (C 3 - C 6 )cycloalkyl, hydroxy(C 3 -C 6 )cycloalkyl, (C 4 -C 7 )cycloalkylalkyl, (C 2 -C 6 )alkenyl, halo(C 2 -C 6 )alkenyl, hydroxy(C 2 -C 6 )alkenyl, (C 2 -C 6 )alkynyl, (C 3 -C 6 )cycloalkyl(C 2 - C 4 )alkynyl, halo(Ci-C 6 )alkyl, halo(C 3 -C 6 )cycloalkyl, halo(C 4 -C 7 )cycl
• n O, 1 , 2, 3, 4;
• m is 1 , 2, or 3 in Structural Formula I* and the remaining values are as described above.
• Another embodiment is a compound of Formula I, I * , I * * or any one of Formulas la-g wherein:
• R 1 (for Formulas I, I*, I** and Id) is absent or is methyl or ethyl;
• a 1 (for Formulas I, I*, I** and Id) is a bond or CH 2 or if R 1 is present, then A 1 is CH;
• Cy 1 (for Formulas I, I*, I** and la-e) is phenyl, cyclopropyl, cyclohexyl, pyrrolidinyl, pyridyl, N-oxo-pyridyl, thiazolyl or pyrimidinyl optionally substituted with 1 to 4 groups independently selected from halo, methyl, trifluoromethyl, hydroxy, methoxy, methoxycarbonyl, carboxy, ethoxycarbonylmethoxy, 2-hydroxy-2-methylpropoxy, cyano, difluoromethoxy, t-butoxycarbonyl, hydroxy, hydroxymethyl, 2-hydroxyethyl, 2-hydroxy-2-propyl, me
• E (for Formulas I, la-c and le-g) is a bond or CH 2 ;
• R 2 (for Formuals I 1 la-c and le-g) is isopropyl, thienyl, phenyl, or pyridyl, each optionally substituted with halo, methyl, methylthio or (4-morpholino)methyl;
• Q (Formulas I and la-g) is O or NR 5 ;
• R 5 (Formulas I 1 I*, I**, and la-g) is hydrogen or methyl. ; or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, enantiomer or diastereomer thereof.
• a 2 , Cy 2 , E, Q, R 2 , R 3 , and R 5 are as defined for Formula I above; r is O, 1 , 2, 3 or 4; and substituents G are independently selected from fluorine, chlorine, bromine, iodine, cyano, nitro, amino, hydroxy, carboxy, (Ci-C 6 )alkyl, hydroxy(Ci- C 6 )alkyl, (C 3 -C 6 )cycloalkyl, hydroxy(C 3 -C 6 )cycloalkyl, (C 4 -C 7 )cycloalkylalkyl, (C 2 - C 6 )alkenyl, halo(C 2 -C 6 )alkenyl, hydroxy(C 2 -C 6 )alkenyl, (C 2 -C 6 )alkynyl, (C 3 - C 6 )cycloalkyl(C 2 -C 4 )alkynyl, halo
• a 2 , Cy 2 , Q, E, R 2 , R 3 and R 5 are as defined for Formula I above; or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, enantiomer or diastereomer thereof.
• Another embodiment is a compound of Formula Ic: wherein A 2 , Cy 2 , E, Q, R 2 , R 3 and R 5 are as defined for Formula I above; or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, enantiomer or diastereomer thereof.
• a 1 , R 1 , Cy 1 , A 2 , Cy 2 , Q, R 3 , and R 5 are as defined for Formula I above; m is 0, 1 , 2, 3 or 4; and substituents X are independently selected from fluorine, chlorine, bromine, iodine, cyano, nitro, amino, hydroxy, carboxy, (C 1 -C 6 JaIKyI, hydroxy(Ci- C 6 )alkyl, (C 3 -C 6 )cycloalkyl, hydroxy(C 3 -C 6 )cycloalkyl, (C 4 -C 7 )cycloalkylalkyl, (C 2 - C 6 )alkenyl, halo(C 2 -C 6 )alkenyl, hydroxy(C 2 -C 6 )alkenyl, (C 2 -C 6 )alkynyl, (C 3 - C 6 )cycloalkyl(C 2 -C 4 )alky
• a , Cy , E, Q, R , R 1 and R are as defined for Formula I above, r is 0, 1 , 2, 3 or 4; and substituents G are independently selected from fluorine, chlorine, bromine, iodine, cyano, nitro, amino, hydroxy, carboxy, (d-C 6 )alkyl, hydroxy(d- C 6 )alkyl, (C 3 -C 6 )cycloalkyl, hydroxy(C 3 -C 6 )cycloalkyl, (C 4 -C 7 )cycloalkylalkyl, (C 2 - C 6 )alkenyl, halo(C 2 -C 6 )alkenyl, hydroxy(C 2 -C 6 )alkenyl, (C 2 -C 6 )alkynyl, (C 3 - C 6 )cycloalkyl(C 2 -C 4 )alkynyl, halo(C 1 -C 6 )
• E, Q, R 2 , R 3 , and R 5 are as defined for Formula I above, r and s are independently 0, 1 , 2, 3 or 4; and G 1 and G 2 are independently selected from fluorine, chlorine, bromine, iodine, cyano, nitro, amino, hydroxy, carboxy, (d-C 6 )alkyl, hydroxy(d-C 6 )alkyl, (C 3 -C 6 )cycloalkyl, hydroxy(C 3 -C 6 )cycloalkyl, (C 4 -
• C 7 cycloalkylalkyl, (C 2 -C 6 )alkenyl, halo(C 2 -C 6 )alkenyl, hydroxy(C 2 -C 6 )alkenyl, (C 2 - C 6 )alkynyl, (C 3 -C 6 )cycloalkyl(C 2 -C 4 )alkynyl, halo(C 1 -C 6 )alkyl, halo(C 3 -C 6 )cycloalkyl, halo(C 4 -C 7 )cycloalkylalkyl, (d-C 6 )alkoxy, (C 3 -C 6 )cycloalkoxy, (C 4 -
• E, Q, R 2 , R 3 and R 5 are as defined for Formula I above, r is 0, 1 , 2, 3 or 4; and substituents G are independently selected from fluorine, chlorine, bromine, iodine, cyano, nitro, amino, hydroxy, carboxy, (d-C 6 )alkyl, hydroxy(C 1 -C 6 )alkyl, (C 3 - C 6 )cycloalkyl, hydroxy(C 3 -C 6 )cycloalkyl, (C 4 -C 7 )cycloalkylalkyl, (C 2 -C 6 )alkenyl, halo(C 2 -C 6 )alkenyl, hydroxy(C 2 -C 6 )alkenyl, (C 2 -C 6 )alkynyl, (C 3 -C 6 )cycloalkyl(C 2 - C 4 )alkynyl, halo(C r C 6 )alkyl
• a 1 is a bond.
• a 1 is (d-C 3 )alkylene.
• a 1 is methylene.
• R 1 is present, A 1 is CH.
• R 1 is ethyl or methyl and A 1 is CH.
• R 1 is (d-C 6 )alkyl.
• R 1 is absent, or is methyl or ethyl.
• Cy 1 is aryl, heteroaryl, monocyclic cycloalkyl or heterocyclyl, wherein each is optionally substituted with 1 to 4 groups independently selected from fluorine, chlorine, bromine, iodine, cyano, nitro, amino, hydroxy, carboxy, (Ci-C 6 )alkyl, hydroxy(Ci-C 6 )alkyl, (C 3 -C 6 )cycloalkyl, hydroxy(C 3 -C 6 )cycloalkyl, (C 4 -
• C 7 cycloalkylalkyl, (C 2 -C 6 )alkenyl, halo(C 2 -C 6 )alkenyl, hydroxy(C 2 -C 6 )alkenyl, (C 2 - C 6 )alkynyl, (C 3 -C 6 )cycloalkyl(C 2 -C 4 )alkynyl, halo(C 1 -C 6 )alkyl, halo(C 3 -C 6 )cycloalkyl, halo(C 4 -C 7 )cycloalkylalkyl, (C 1 -C 6 JaIkOXy, (C 3 -C 6 )cycloalkoxy, (C 4 -
• Cy 1 is optionally substituted aryl or optionally substituted heteroaryl.
• Cy 1 is optionally substituted phenyl or optionally substituted pyridyl.
• Cy 1 is optionally substituted monocyclic cycloalkyl.
• Cy 1 is optionally substituted cyclohexyl.
• Cy 1 is optionally substituted phenyl.
• Cy 1 is phenyl optionally substituted with fluorine, bromine, trifluoromethyl, fluorine, methoxy, methyl, fluorocarboxy, hydroxy alkyl, methoxycarbonyl, or methyoxymethyl.
• Cy 1 is substituted with fluorine chlorine, bromine, methoxy, methoxycarbonyl, carboxy, or methyl.
• Cy 1 is pyridyl optionally substituted with chlorine.
• Cy 1 is substituted with fluorine or bromine.
• a 2 is a bond, Cy 2 is H and Cy 1 is optionally substituted monocyclic cycloalkyl.
• Cy 2 is H and Cy 1 is optionally substituted cyclohexyl.
• a 2 is a bond
• Cy 2 is H and Cy 1 is phenyl substituted with fluorine, chlorine, bromine, methyl, methoxy, methoxycarbony, trifluoromethyl, hydroxymethyl or 2-hydroxy-2-propyl.
• Cy 1 is phenyl, cyclopropyl, cyclohexyl, pyrrolidinyl, pyridyl, N-oxo-pyridyl, thiazolyl or pyrimidinyl optionally substituted with 1 to 4 groups independently selected from halo, methyl, trifluoromethyl, hydroxy, methoxy, methoxycarbonyl, carboxy, ethoxycarbonylmethoxy, 2-hydroxy-2-methylpropoxy, cyano, difluoromethoxy, t-butoxycarbonyl, hydroxy, hydroxymethyl, 2-hydroxyethyl, 2- hydroxy-2-propyl, methoxymethyl, methylsulfonyl and methylsulfonylamino.
• a 2 is (a) a bond, O, S or NR 4 ; or (b) (C ⁇ CaJalkylene or (Ci-C 2 )alkyleneoxy, each of which is optionally substituted with 1 to 4 groups independently selected from methyl, ethyl, trifluoromethyl or oxo.
• a 2 is a bond.
• a 2 is a bond and Cy 2 is hydrogen.
• a 2 is a bond and Cy 2 is cyclopropyl.
• a 2 is a bond and Cy 2 is optionally substituted aryl or optionally substituted heteroaryl.
• a 2 is a bond and Cy 2 is optionally substituted phenyl or optionally substituted pyridyl.
• a 2 is a bond and Cy 2 is optionally substituted phenyl.
• a 2 is a bond and Cy 2 is substituted with 1 to 4 groups independently selected from chlorine or fluorine.
• a 2 is a bond and Cy 2 is difluorophenyl.
• a 2 is a bond and Cy 2 is fluorophenyl. In yet another specific embodiment A 2 is a bond and Cy 2 is optionally substituted 2-thienyl, 1- pyrazolyl, 3-pyrazolyl,1 ,2,4-thiadiazol-3-yl, thiazolyl or 2-oxo-1 ,2-dihydro-5-pyridyl. In yet another specific embodiment, A 2 is a bond and Cy 2 is phenyl or thienyl substituted with amino(Ci-C 6 )alkyl.
• Cy 2 is aryl, heteroaryl, cycloalkyl or heterocyclyl, wherein each is optionally substituted with 1 to 4 groups independently selected from fluorine, chlorine, bromine, iodine, cyano, nitro, amino, hydroxy, carboxy, (d-C 6 )alkyl, hydroxy(d- C 6 )alkyl, (C 3 -C 6 )cycloalkyl, hydroxy(C 3 -C 6 )cycloalkyl, (C 4 -C 7 )cycloalkylalkyl, (C 2 - C 6 )alkenyl, halo(C 2 -C 6 )alkenyl, hydroxy(C 2 -C 6 )alkenyl, (C 2 -C 6 )alkynyl, (C 3 - C 6 )cycloalkyl(C 2 -C 4 )alkynyl, halo(C 1 -C 6 )alkyl, halo(
• Cy 2 is optionally substituted pyridyl.
• Cy 2 is pyridyl optionally substituted with oxo, alkyl, methoxy, fluorine, chlorine, or trifluoromethyl.
• Cy 2 is optionally substituted thienyl.
• Cy 2 is thienyl optionally substituted with MeCO, H 2 NCHMe or HOCHMe.
• Cy 2 is optionally substituted phenyl.
• Cy 2 is phenyl optionally substituted with fluorine, chlorine, methoxy, methyl or cyano.
• Cy 2 is optionally substituted phenyl.
• Cy 2 is thiazolyl or thiaziazol, each optionally substituted with methyl.
• Cy 2 is pyrazolyl optionally substituted with trifluoromethyl.
• Cy 2 is optionaly substituted pyrazolyl, morpholinyl, or cyclopropyl.
• Cy 2 is (a) hydrogen or (b) aryl, heteroaryl, cycloalkyl or heterocyclyl, wherein each is optionally substituted with 1 to 4 groups independently selected from fluorine, chlorine, bromine, iodine, cyano, nitro, amino, hydroxy, carboxy, (d-C 6 )alkyl, hydroxy(C 1 -C 6 )alkyl, (C 3 -C 6 )cycloalkyl, hydroxy(C 3 -C 6 )cycloalkyl, (C 4 -
• C 7 cycloalkylalkyl, (C 2 -C 6 )alkenyl, halo(C 2 -C 6 )alkenyl, hydroxy(C 2 -C 6 )alkenyl, (C 2 - C 6 )alkynyl, (C 3 -C 6 )cycloalkyl(C 2 -C 4 )alkynyl, halo(Ci-C 6 )alkyl, halo(C 3 -C 6 )cycloalkyl, halo(C 4 -C 7 )cycloalkylalkyl, (C r C 6 )alkoxy, (C 3 -C 6 )cycloalkoxy, (C 4 -
• C 7 cycloalkylalkoxy, halo(Ci-C 6 )alkoxy, halo(C 3 -C 6 )cycloalkoxy, halo(C 4 - C 7 )cycloalkylalkoxy, (CrCeJalkylthio, (C 3 -C 6 )cycloalkythio, (C 4 -C 7 )cycloalkyl- alkylthio, halo(C 1 -C 6 )alkylthio, halo(C 3 -C 6 )cycloalkythio, halo(C 4 -
• Cy 2 is (a) hydrogen or (b) phenyl, thienyl, pyridyl, N-oxo-pyridyl, cyclopropyl, piperidinyl, piperazinyl, morpholinyl, thiazolyl, oxadiazolyl, thiadiazolyl, pyrazolyl, S 1 S- dioxothiazinyl, 2-oxo-1 ,2-dihydropyridyl optionally substituted by 1 to 4 groups independently selected from halo, hydroxy, methoxy, hydroxymethyl, methoxycarbonyl, amino, carbamoyl, methylcarbamoyl, dimethylcarbamoyl, (2- methoxyethyl)aminocarbonyl, acetylaminomethyl, methylsulfonyl, methylsulfonylamino, methylaminosulfonyl, isopropylaminosulfonyl, di
• Y is (CrC f Oalkyl or halo(Ci-C 6 )alkyl.
• n is O, 1 or 2. In another embodiment, n is O.
• X is independently selected from fluorine, chlorine, bromine, iodine, cyano, nitro, amino, hydroxy, carboxy, (C r C 6 )alkyl, hydroxy(C 1 -C 6 )alkyl, (C 3 - C 6 )cycloalkyl, hydroxy(C 3 -C 6 )cycloalkyl, (C 4 -C 7 )cycloalkylalkyl, (C 2 -C 6 )alkenyl, halo(C 2 -C 6 )alkenyl, hydroxy(C 2 -C 6 )alkenyl, (C 2 -C 6 )alkynyl, (C 3 -C 6 )cycloalkyl(C 2 - C 4 )alkynyl, halo(Ci-C 6 )alkyl, halo(C 3 -C 6 )cycloalkyl, halo(C 4 -C 7 )cycloalkyl
• E is (a) a bond or (b) (d-C 3 )alkylene or (d-C 2 )alkylenyloxy, wherein the O is attached to R 2 , each of which is optionally substituted with 1 to 4 groups independently selected from methyl, ethyl, trifluoromethyl or oxo.
• E is a bond or CH 2 .
• E is a bond.
• E is a bond when R 2 is optionally substituted aryl, optionally substituted heteroaryl or optionally substituted cycloalkyl.
• E is a bond when R 2 is optionally substituted phenyl, optionally substituted thienyl or optionally substituted pyridyl.
• E is a bond when R 2 is optionally substituted phenyl.
• R 2 is (d-C 6 )alkyl, aryl, heteroaryl, cycloalkyl or heterocyclyl, wherein each is optionally substituted with up to 4 groups independently selected from fluorine, chlorine, bromine, iodine, cyano, nitro, amino, hydroxy, carboxy, (Ci-C 6 )alkyl, hydroxy(C 1 -C 6 )alkyl, (C 3 -C 6 )cycloalkyl, hydroxy(C 3 -C 6 )cycloalkyl, (C 4 -
• C 7 cycloalkylalkyl, (C 2 -C 6 )alkenyl, halo(C 2 -C 6 )alkenyl, hydroxy(C 2 -C 6 )alkenyl, (C 2 - C 6 )alkynyl, (C 3 -C 6 )cycloalkyl(C 2 -C 4 )alkynyl, halo(Ci-C 6 )alkyl, halo(C 3 -C 6 )cycloalkyl, halo(C 4 -C 7 )cycloalkylalkyl, (C 1 -C 6 JaIkOXy, (C 3 -C 6 )cycloalkoxy, (C 4 -
• R 2 is aryl, heteroaryl, cycloalkyl or heterocyclyl, wherein each 4 groups independently selected from fluorine, chlorine, bromine, iodine, cyano, nitro, amino, hydroxy, carboxy, (Ci-C 6 )alkyl, hydroxy(C 1 -C 6 )alkyl, (C 3 -C 6 )cycloalkyl, hydroxy(C 3 -C 6 )cycloalkyl, (C 4 -C 7 )cycloalkylalkyl, (C 2 -C 6 )alkenyl, halo(C 2 -C 6 )alkenyl, hydroxy(C 2 -C 6 )alkenyl, (C 2 -C 6 )alkynyl, (C 3 -C 6 )cycloalkyl(C 2 -C 4 )alkynyl, halo(C 1 - C 6 )alkyl, halo(C 3 -C
• R 2 is optionally substituted aryl, optionally substituted heteroaryl or cycloalkyl or alkyl. In one specific embodiment, R 2 is optionally substituted phenyl, optionally substituted pyridyl or optionally substituted thienyl. In another embodiment, R 2 is optionally substituted alkyl. In one specific embodiment, R 2 is optionally substituted isopropyl. In one specific embodiment, R 2 is phenyl optionally substitueted with methyl, chlorine, flourine, or methylthio.. In another specific embodiment, R 2 is optionally substituted phenyl. In yet another specific embodiment, R 2 is fluorophenyl.
• R 2 is isopropyl, thienyl, phenyl, or pyridyl, each optionally substituted with halo, methyl, methylthio or (4-morpholino)methyl.
• R 3 is hydroxy(C 2 -C 5 )alkyl.
• R 3 is 3-hydroxybutyl, 3-hydroxy-3-methylbutyl, 3-hydroxy propyl, 2-hydroxypropyl, 2-hydroxy-2-methylpropyl, or 2-hydroxyethyl.
• R 3 is dihydroxy(C 3 -C 4 )alkyl.
• R 3 is 2,3-dihydroxypropyl.
• R 3 is amino(C 2 -C 5 )alkyl or methylamino(C 2 -C 5 )alkyl, each optionally substituted with hydroxy.
• R 3 is H 2 NSO 2 O(C 2 -C 4 )alkyl. In yet another specific embodiment, R 3 is H 2 NSO 2 NH(C 2 -C 4 )alkyl. In yet another specific embodiment, R 3 is oxo(C 2 -C 4 )alkyl. In yet another specific embodiment, R 3 is MeCOCCrC ⁇ alkyl). In yet another specific embodiment, R 3 is HOCO(Ci-C 2 alkyl). In yet another specific embodiment, R 3 is alkenyl. In yet another specific embodiment, R 3 is alkyl. In yet another specific embodiment, R 3 is allyl.
• R 3 is 2-(4- morpholino)ethyl. In yet another specific embodiment R 3 is 2-(1-imidazolyl)ethyl. In yet another specific embodiment R 3 is 2-(1-aminoimidazolyl)ethyl.
• R 4 is independently selected from H, (d-CeJalkyl, halo(Ci-C 6 )alkyl, amino ⁇ - C 6 )alkyl, (d-CeJalkylaminoCCrCeJalkyl, di(Ci-C 6 )alkylamino(Ci-C 6 )alkyl, hydroxy(C r C 6 )alkyl and (d-CeJalkoxy ⁇ -CeJalkyl.
• R 5 is H, (Ci-CeJalkyl, halo(C r C 6 )alkyl, or hydroxy(C r C 6 )alkyl.
• R 5 is hydrogen or methyl. In one specific embodiment, R 5 is hydrogen.
• r is O, 1 , 2, 3 or 4.
• s is O, 1 , 2, 3 or 4.
• G is fluorine, chlorine, bromine, iodine, cyano, nitro, amino, hydroxy, carboxy, (C r C 6 )alkyl, hydroxytd-CeJalkyl, (C 3 -C 6 )cycloalkyl, hydroxy(C 3 -C 6 )cycloalkyl, (C 4 - C 7 )cycloalkylalkyl, (C 2 -C 6 )alkenyl, halo(C 2 -C 6 )alkenyl, hydroxy(C 2 -C 6 )alkenyl, (C 2 - C 6 )alkynyl, (C 3 -C 6 )cycloalkyl(C 2 -C 4 )alkynyl, hakKd-CeJalkyl, halo(C 3 -C 6 )cycloalkyl, halo(C 4 -C 7 )cycloalkylalkyl, (C 1 -C
• G 1 and G 2 are independently selected from fluorine, chlorine, bromine, iodine, cyano, nitro, amino, hydroxy, carboxy, (Ci-C 6 )alkyl, hydroxy(C r C 6 )alkyl, (C 3 - C 6 )cycloalkyl, hydroxy(C 3 -C 6 )cycloalkyl, (C 4 -C 7 )cycloalkylalkyl, (C 2 -C 6 )alkenyl, halo(C 2 -C 6 )alkenyl, hydroxy(C 2 -C 6 )alkenyl, (C 2 -C 6 )alkynyl, (C 3 -C 6 )cycloalkyl(C 2 - C 4 )alkynyl, hakHd-CeJalkyl, halo(C 3 -C 6 )cycloalkyl, halo(C 4 -C 7 )cycloalkylal
• the provisos applied to pharmaceutical compositions comprising compounds of Formula I, I * , I ** also apply to methods of treatment utilizing any one of the compounds of Formula I, I * , I ** or Formulas Ia-Ig.
• Another embodiment of the invention is a compound of Formulas I, I * , I ** , Ia, Ib, Ic, Id, Ie, If, or Ig or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, enantiomer or diastereomer thereof wherein any of the following provisos apply Proviso 1 : If (a) Q is O; (b) A 1 -Cy 1 is alkyl substituted with aryl; or cycloalkyl or aryl; each optionally substituted by aryl, alkyl , alkenyl, alkynyl, alkoxy, formyl, carbonyl, carboxyl, alkoxycarbonyl, hydroxyl, mercapto, halogen, sulfonyl or amino; (c) R 3 is an alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl optionally substituted with alkyl, alkoxy, oxo, carboxy, alkoxycarbonyl, hydroxy, mercapto, fluorine,
• Proviso 2 If (a) A 1 -Cy 1 is cycloalkyl; and (b) R 3 is alkyl optionally substituted with hydroxy or alkoxy; or alkoxyalkyl substituted with oxo; (c) then (i) E-R 2 is not alkyl optionally substituted with aryl, hydroxy or alkoxy; or (ii) E-R 2 is not unsubstituted cycloalkyl or unsubstituted aryl or (iii) E is not alkoxy and R 2 is not alkyl substituted with oxo.
• Proviso 3 If (a) A 1 and A 2 are both bonds, (b) R 3 is an alkyl optionally substituted with amino, alkyl, alkoxy, oxo, carboxy, hydroxy, fluorine, or sulfonyl, or an unsubstituted alkynyl (c) E-R 2 is (i) a optionally substituted alkyl or an optionally substituted carbocyclic aromatic group wherein the substituent is an amino, alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, alkoxy, carboxy, hydroxy, halogen or sulfonyl, or (ii) an unsubstituted cycloalkyl, and (d) Cy 2 is H, then Cy 1 is not (i) an unsubstituted monocyclic cycloalkyl or (ii) a substituted or unsubstituted carbocyclic aromatic group.
• Proviso 4 If (a) A 1 and A 2 are both bonds, (b) R 3 is an alkyl optionally substituted with amino, alkyl, alkoxy, oxo, carboxy, hydroxy, fluorine, or sulfonyl, or an unsubstituted alkynyl (c) E-R 2 is (i) a optionally substituted alkyl or an optionally substituted carbocyclic aromatic group wherein the substituent is an amino, alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, alkoxy, carboxy, hydroxy, halogen or sulfonyl, or (ii) an unsubstituted cycloalkyl, and (d) Cy 1 is an optionally substituted carbocyclic aromatic group, then Cy 2 is not an unsubstituted carbocyclic aromatic group.
• Proviso 5 If (a) A 1 is alkyl optionally substituted with amino, alkyl, alkoxy, oxo, carboxy, hydroxy, fluorine, or sulfonyl, (b) R 3 is an alkyl substituted with amino, alkyl, alkoxy, oxo, carboxy, hydroxy, fluorine, or sulfonyl, or an unsubstituted alkynyl (c) E- R 2 is (i) a optionally substituted alkyl or an optionally substituted carbocyclic aromatic group wherein the substituent is an amino, alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, alkoxy, carboxy, hydroxy, halogen or sulfonyl, or (ii) an unsubstituted cycloalkyl, then Cy 1 is a carbocyclic aromatic group optionally substituted with C 1 C 4 alkoxy or halogen.
• alkyl means a straight or branched hydrocarbon radical having 1- 10 carbon atoms and includes, for example, methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, isopropyl, n- butyl, sec-butyl, isobutyl, tert-butyl, n-pentyl, n-hexyl, n-heptyl, n-octyl, n-nonyl, n- decyl and the like.
• cycloalkyl means a monocyclic, bicyclic or tricyclic, saturated hydrocarbon ring having 3-10 carbon atoms and includes, for example, cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl, cycloheptyl, cyclooctyl, bicyclo[2.2.2]octyl, bicyclo[2.2.1]heptyl, spiro [4.4]nonane, adamantyl and the like.
• aryl means an aromatic radical which is a phenyl group, a naphthyl group, an indanyl group or a tetrahydronaphthalene group.
• An aryl group is optionally substituted with 1-4 substituents.
• substituents include alkyl, alkoxy, alkylthio, alkylsulfonyl, halogen, trifluoromethyl, dialkylamino, nitro, cyano, CO 2 H, CONH 2 , N-monoalkyl-substituted amido and N,N-dialkyl-substituted amido.
• heteroaryl means a ⁇ 5- and 6-membered heteroaromatic radical which may optionally be fused to a saturated or unsaturated ring containing 0-4 heteroatoms selected from N, O, and S and includes, for example, a heteroaromatic radical which is 2- or 3-thienyl, 2- or 3-furanyl, 2- or 3- pyrrolyl, 2-,3-, or 4-pyridyl, 2- pyrazinyl, 2-, A-, or 5-pyrimidinyl, 3- or 4-pyridazinyl, 1 H-indol-6-yl, 1 H-indol-5-yl, 1 H- benzimidazol-6-yl, 1 H-benzimidazol-5-yl, 2-, 4-, 5-, 6-, 7- or 8-quinazolinyl, 2-, 3-, 5-, 6-, 7- or 8-quinoxalinyl, 2-, 3-, A-, 5-, 6-, 7- or 8-quinoliny
• a heteroaryl is optionally substituted.
• substituents include alkyl, alkoxy, alkylthio, alkylsulfonyl, halogen, trifluoromethyl, dialkylamino, nitro, cyano, CO 2 H, CONH 2 , N-monoalkyl-substituted amido and N,N-dialkyl-substituted amido, or by oxo to form an N-oxide.
• heterocyclyl means a A-, 5-, 6- and 7-membered saturated or partially unsaturated heterocyclic ring containing 1 to 4 heteroatoms independently selected from N, O, and S.
• exemplary heterocyclyls include pyrrolidine, pyrrolidin-2- one, 1-methylpyrrolidin-2-one, piperidine, piperidin-2-one, 2-pyridone, 4-pyridone, piperazine, 1-(2,2,2-trifluoroethyl)piperazine, piperazin-2-one, 5,6-dihydropyrimidin-4- one, pyrimidin-4-one, tetrahydrofuran, tetrahydropyran, tetrahydrothiophene, tetrahydrothiopyran, isoxazolidine, 1 ,3-dioxolane, 1 ,3-dithiolane, 1 ,3-dioxane, 1 ,4- dioxane, 1
• the terms “subject” and “patient” may be used interchangeably, and means a mammal in need of treatment, e.g., companion animals (e.g., dogs, cats, and the like), farm animals (e.g., cows, pigs, horses, sheep, goats and the like) and laboratory animals (e.g., rats, mice, guinea pigs and the like).
• the subject is a human in need of treatment.
• solvates or hydrates of the compound or its pharmaceutically acceptable salts are also included.
• Solvates refer to crystalline forms wherein solvent molecules are incorporated into the crystal lattice during crystallization.
• Solvate may include water or nonaqueous solvents such as ethanol, isopropanol, DMSO, acetic acid, ethanolamine, and EtOAc.
• Solvates, wherein water is the solvent molecule incorporated into the crystal lattice are typically referred to as "hydrates.” Hydrates include stoichiometric hydrates as well as compositions containing variable amounts of water.
• Stereoisomers are compounds that differ only in their spatial arrangement.
• Enantiomers are pairs of stereoisomers whose mirror images are not superimposable, most commonly because they contain an asymmetrically substituted carbon atom that acts as a chiral center.
• "Enantiomer” means one of a pair of molecules that are mirror images of each other and are not superimposable.
• Diastereomers are stereoisomers that are not related as mirror images, most commonly because they contain two or more asymmetrically substituted carbon atoms.
• the symbol "*" in a structural formula represents the presence of a chiral carbon center.
• R and S represent the configuration of substituents around one or more chiral carbon atoms.
• R * and “S *” denote the relative configurations of substituents around one or more chiral carbon atoms.
• Racemate or “racemic mixture” means a compound of equimolar quantities of two enantiomers, wherein such mixtures exhibit no optical activity; i.e., they do not rotate the plane of polarized light.
• “Geometric isomer” means isomers that differ in the orientation of substituent atoms in relationship to a carbon-carbon double bond, to a cycloalkyl ring, or to a bridged bicyclic system. Atoms (other than H) on each side of a carbon-carbon double bond may be in an E (substituehts are on opposite sides of the carbon- carbon double bond) or Z (substituents are oriented on the same side) configuration.
• the compounds of the invention may be prepared as individual isomers by either isomer-specific synthesis or resolved from an isomeric mixture.
• Conventional resolution techniques include forming the salt of a free base of each isomer of an isomeric pair using an optically active acid (followed by fractional crystallization and regeneration of the free base), forming the salt of the acid form of each isomer of an isomeric pair using an optically active amine (followed by fractional crystallization and regeneration of the free acid), forming an ester or amide of each of the isomers of an isomeric pair using an optically pure acid, amine or alcohol (followed by chromatographic separation and removal of the chiral auxiliary), or resolving an isomeric mixture of either a starting material or a final product using various well known chromatographic methods.
• the stereochemistry of a disclosed compound is named or depicted by structure
• the named or depicted stereoisomer is at least 60%, 70%, 80%, 90%, 99% or 99.9% by weight pure relative to the other stereoisomers.
• the depicted or named enantiomer is at least 60%, 70%, 80%, 90%, 99% or 99.9% by weight optically pure. Percent optical purity by weight is the ratio of the weight of the enatiomer over the weight of the enantiomer plus the weight of its optical isomer.
• the compounds of the invention may be present in the form of pharmaceutically acceptable salts.
• the salts of the compounds of the invention refer to non-toxic "pharmaceutically acceptable salts.”
• Pharmaceutically acceptable salt forms include pharmaceutically acceptable acidic/anionic or basic/cationic salts.
• Pharmaceutically acceptable acidic/anionic salts include, the acetate, benzenesulfonate, benzoate, bicarbonate, bitartrate, bromide, calcium edetate, camsylate, carbonate, chloride, citrate, dihydrochloride, edetate, edisylate, estolate, esylate, fumarate, glyceptate, gluconate, glutamate, glycollylarsanilate, hexylresorcinate, hydrobromide, hydrochloride, hydroxynaphthoate, iodide, isethionate, lactate, lactobionate, malate, maleate, malonate, mandelate, mesylate, methylsulfate, mucate, napsylate, nitrate, pamoate, pantothenate, phosphate/diphospate, polygalacturonate, salicylate, stearate, subacetate, succinate, s
• Pharmaceutically acceptable basic/cationic salts include, the sodium, potassium, calcium, magnesium, diethanolamine, n-methyl-D-glucamine, L-lysine, L- arginine, ammonium, ethanolamine, piperazine and triethanolamine salts.
• a compound of Formula I 1 wherein Q is NR 5 can be prepared by reaction of diamine intermediate of Formula Il with a reagent of Formula III, wherein Z 1 and Z 2 are leaving groups such as chloride, 1-imidazolyl or aryloxide in an inert solvent such as THF, CH 2 CI 2 , toluene or MeCN, usually in the presence of an organic or inorganic base such as triethylamine or NaHCO 3 respectively, at -10 0 C to 120 0 C:
• III Certain instances of reagent III are especially convenient because they are commercially available. For example when Z 1 and Z 2 are both chloride, III is phosgene. When Z 1 and Z 2 are both 1-imidazolyl, III is carbonyl diimidazole. When Z 1 is chloride and Z 2 is p-nitrophenoxide, III is p-nitrophenyl chloroformate. When Z 1 and Z 2 are both OCCI 3 , III is triphosgene and as little as one third of molar equivalent can be used.
• a hydride reagent such as BH 3 THF solution, BH 3 .Me 2 S or LiAIH 4 in an inert solvent ethereal such as THF or DME
• Aminoamide intermediates of Formula IV can be prepared by coupling of a ⁇ - aminoacid of Formula V with an amine of Formula Vl using standard peptide coupling reagents such as EDC in the presence of HOBt and N,N-diisopropylethylamine in an inert solvent such as CH 2 CI 2 at 0 - 30 0 C for between 1 h and 24 h:
• V Vl IV ⁇ -Amino acids of Formula V can be prepared hydrolysis of ⁇ -aminoesters of Formula VII, wherein R a is lower alkyl, with LiOH, NaOH or KOH.
• IX VIII ⁇ -Aminoacids of Formula V can also be prepared from homoallyl amines of Formula Xl by hydroboration using a borane such as disiamylborane, followed by oxidation with, for example, Jones reagent.
• a borane such as disiamylborane
• Homoallyl amines of Formula Xl can be prepared by addition of allylmagnesium halides to sulfinylimines of Formula XII, followed by acid treatment to remove the t-butylsulfinyl group.
• Sulfinylimines of Formula XII can be prepared by reaction of ketones of Formula XIII with 2-methylpropane-2-sulfinamide.
• Amine intermediates of Formula Vl wherein A 1 is a bond, R 1 is absent and Cy 1 is not an aromatic or heteroaromatic ring, can be prepared from ketones of formula XV via oximes of Formula XVI or by reductive amination of ketones of Formula XV with ammonia:
• Amine intermediates of Formula Vl, wherein A 1 is CH can be prepared from ketones of Formula XVII by reductive amination with ammonia.
• Amine intermediates of Formula Vl, wherein A 1 is CH can be prepared from alcohols of Formula XVIII via azides of Formula XIX.
• the conversion of alcohols of Formula XVIII to azides of Formula XIX can be accomplished with, for example, diphenylphosphoryl azide.
• Reduction of azides of Formula XIX to amines of Formula Vl can be effected, for example, by hydrogenation in the presence of a palladium catalyst or by reaction with triphenylphosphine in wet THF.
• Amine intermediates of Formula Vl, wherein A 1 is CH can be prepared by reaction of sulfinyl imine intermediates of Formula XX with organometallic reagents of Formula XXI, wherein M is Li, MgCI, MgBr or MgI, followed by treatment with acid to remove the t-butylsulfinyl group.
• Sulfinyl imines of Formula XX can be prepared by treatment of aldehyde intermediates of Formula XXII with 2-methylpropane-2-sulfinamide.
• Intermediates of Formula II, wherein A 1 is CH 2 and R 1 is absent, can be prepared by reduction of amide intermediates of formula XXIII using hydride reagents such as BH 3 THF solution, BH 3 . Me 2 S or LiAIH 4 in an inert solvent ethereal such as THF or DME at 20 0 C to 100 0 C for between 1 h and 48 h:
• hydride reagents such as BH 3 THF solution, BH 3 .
• Me 2 S or LiAIH 4 in an inert solvent ethereal such as THF or DME at 20 0 C to 100 0 C for between 1 h and 48 h:
• Amide intermediates of Formula XXIII can be prepared by reaction of diamine intermediates of Formula XXIV with activated carboxylic acids of Formula XXV wherein Z 3 is chloride or an activated ester, such as an N-hydroxysuccinimide ester:
• Diamine intermediates of Formula XXIV, wherein n is 0, can be prepared directly by treatment of sulfonate intermediates of Formula XXVI 1 wherein R c is for example methyl, trifluoromethyl or p-methylphenyl, with ammonia.
• sulfonate intermediates of Formula XXVI can be treated with NaN 3 to give azides XXVII, followed by reduction using PPh 3 in wet THF or H 2 gas and a palladium catalyst to give diamines of Formula XXIV.
• Sulfonate intermediates of Formula XXVI are prepared by reaction of, preferably N-protected, aminoalcohol intermediates Formula XXVIII with R 0 SO 2 CI or (R C SO 2 ) 2 O.
• sulfonate intermediates of Formula XXVI can be reacted with amines of Formula Vl to afford diamine intermediates of Formula II:
• Aminoalcohol intermediates of Formula XXVIII can be prepared by hydroboration of homoallylic amines of Formula Xl:
• Diamine intermediates of Formula II, wherein A 1 is CH 2 and R 1 is absent can be prepared by reaction of, preferably protected, diamines of Formula XXIV with aldehydes of Formula XXII in the presence of a reducing agent such as NaCNBH 3 or Na(OAc) 3 BH:
• Diamines of Formula Il can also be prepared by addition of organometallic reagents of Formula XXXIII to sulfinylimines of Formula XXXIV.
• Sulfinylimines of Formula XXXIV can be prepared by condensation of ketoamides of Formula XXXI with 2-methylpropane-2-sulfinamide.
• compounds of Formula I wherein R 1 is absent and A 1 is CH 2 , can be prepared by reaction of compounds of Formula XXXV, with alkylating agents of Formula XXXVI, wherein Z 4 is a leaving group such as Br, I 1 OSO 2 Me, OSO 2 CF 3 or OSO 2 Ph, in the presence of a base such as NaH or K 2 CO 3 :
• Compounds of Formula XXXV, wherein Q is NR 5 can be prepared by treatment of compounds of Formula XXIV with various reagents of Formula III, wherein Z 1 and Z 2 are leaving groups such as chloride, 1-imidazolyl or aryloxide in an inert solvent such as THF, CH 2 CI 2 , toluene or MeCN, usually in the presence of an organic or inorganic base such as triethylamine or NaHCO 3 respectively, at -10 0 C to 120 0 C:
• Compounds of Formula XXXV, wherein n is O, Q is O or NR 5 and R 5 is (Ci- C 6 )alkyl can be prepared by treatment of intermediates of Formula XXXVII with strong bases, such as sodium hydride, in inert solvents, such as DMF.
• Alcohols of Formula XXXVIII 1 wherein Z 4 is a sulfonate, such as OSO 2 Me, OSO 2 CF 3 or OSO 2 Ph can be prepared diols of Formula XXXIX by treatment with a sulfonyl chlorides, such as MeSO 2 CI or PhSO 2 CI, or sulfonic anhydrides, such as methanesulfonic anhydride or triflic anhydride.
• a sulfonyl chlorides such as MeSO 2 CI or PhSO 2 CI
• sulfonic anhydrides such as methanesulfonic anhydride or triflic anhydride.
• Diols of Formula XXXIX can be prepared by hydroboration of homoallylic alcohols of Formula XL, using, for example diasiamylborane.
• Homoallylic alcohols of Formula XL can be prepared from aldehydes or ketones of Formula XIII and allyl organometallic reagents of Formula XLI, wherein M is MgBr, MgCI or SiMe 3 .
• compounds of Formula I wherein n is 0, Q is O or NR 5 and R 5 is can be prepared by treatment of compounds of Formula XLII, wherein wherein Z 5 is a leaving group such as Cl, Br, I 1 OSO 2 Me, OSO 2 CF 3 or OSO 2 Ph, with strong bases, such as NaH 1 in inert solvents, such as DMF.
• compounds of Formula I 1 wherein Q is O can be prepared by subjecting carbonates of Formula XLIV, wherein R b is lower alkyl or phenyl, to base in an inert solvent at from about 20 0 C to about 175 0 C.
• Carbonates of Formula XLIV can be prepared by deprotection of precursors such as XLV.
• a compound of Formula I can be prepared from another compound of Formula I.
• a compound of Formula I can be prepared from another compound of Formula I.
• a compound of Formula I wherein Cy 1 is substituted with bromine or iodine, A 2 is a bond and Cy 2 is hydrogen can be reacted with an optionally substituted aryl or heteroarylboronic acid or ester in the presence of a palladium catalyst to give a compound of Formula I wherein A 2 is a bond and Cy 2 is optionally substituted aryl or heteroaryl.
• a compound of Formula I wherein R 1 or R 3 is ⁇ -hydroxy(C 2 -C 6 )alkyl can be oxidized to a compound of Formula I wherein R 1 or R 3 is ⁇ -carboxy(Ci-C 5 )alkyl using Jones reagent.
• a compound of Formula I wherein R 1 or R 3 is ⁇ -hydroxy(Ci-C 6 )alkyl can be converted to its methanesulfonate or trifluoromethanesulfonate, treated with sodium azide and reduced to give a compound of Formula I, wherein R 1 or R 3 is ⁇ - aminoCCrC ⁇ Jalkyl.
• a compound of Formula I wherein R 1 or R 3 is amino(CrC 6 )alkyl can be reacted with acetic anhydride or acetyl chloride to give a compound of Formula I wherein R 1 or R 3 is ⁇ acetylaminoXd-CeJalkyl.
• a compound of Formula I wherein R 1 or R 3 is amino(d-C6)alkyl can be reacted with methanesulfonyl chloride to give a compound of Formula I wherein R 1 or R 3 is ⁇ methanesulfonylamino ⁇ (C 1 -C 6 )alkyl.
• a compound of Formula I wherein R 1 or R 3 is amino(Ci-C 6 )alkyl can be reacted with an (d-C 6 )alkyl chloroformate to give a compound of Formula I wherein R 1 or R 3 is (C 1 -C 6 )alkoxycarbonylamino(C 1 -C 6 )alkyl.
• a compound of Formula I wherein R 1 or R 3 is amino(C 1 -C 6 )alkyl can be reacted with chlorosulfonyl isocyanate or sulfamide to give a compound of Formula I wherein R 1 or R 3 is aminosulfonylamino(Ci-C 6 )alkyl.
• a compound of Formula I wherein R 1 or R 3 is amino(d-C 6 )alkyl can be reacted with a (C 1 -C 6 )alkylsulfamoyl chloride to give a compound of Formula I wherein R 1 or R 3 is (C 1 -C 6 )alkylaminosulfonylamino(C 1 -C 6 )alkyl.
• a compound of Formula I wherein R 1 or R 3 is hydroxy(C 1 -C 6 )alkyl can be reacted with chlorosulfonyl isocyanate to give a compound of Formula I wherein R 1 or R 3 is aminosulfonyloxy(C 1 -C 6 )alkyl.
• a compound of Formula I wherein R 1 or R 3 is hydroxy(C r C 6 )alkyl can be reacted with p-nitrophenyl chloroformate, pentafluorophenyl chloroformate or carbonyl diimidazole, followed by ammonia, a (Ci-C 6 )alkylamine or a CIi(C 1 - C 6 )alkylamine to give a compound of Formula I wherein R 1 or R 3 is aminocarboxy(C 1 -C 6 )alkyl, (d-CeJalkyl aminocarboxy(CrC 6 )alkyl or di(C 1 -C 6 )alkyl aminocarboxy(C 1 -C 6 )alkyl.
• a compound of Formula I wherein Cy 1 is substituted with bromine or iodine, A 2 is a bond and Cy 2 is hydrogen can be reacted with a cyclic amine in the presence of a palladium catalyst to give a compound of Formula I wherein A 2 is a bond and Cy 2 is a cyclic amino moiety attached through its nitrogen atom.
• a compound of Formula I wherein R 1 or R 3 is ⁇ -hydroxy(C 1 -C 6 )alkyl can be converted to its methanesulfonate or trifluoromethanesulfonate and reacted with morpholine to give a compound of Formula I 1 wherein R 1 or R 3 is ⁇ -(4- morpholino)(C 1 -C 6 )alkyl.
• prep HPLC high pressure liquid chromatography
• prep HPLC refers to preparative reverse phase HPLC on a C-18 column eluted with a water/acetonitrile gradient containing 0.01% TFA run on a Gilson 215 system.
• the compounds of the invention are useful for ameliorating or treating disorders or diseases in which decreasing the level of Cortisol is effective in treating a disease state.
• the compounds of the invention can be used in the treatment or prevention of diabetes mellitus, obesity, symptoms of metabolic syndrome, glucose intolerance, hyperglycemica, hypertension, hyperlipidemia, insulin resistance, cardiovascular disease, dyslipidemia, atherosclerosis, lipodystrophy, osteoporosis, glaucoma, Cushing's syndrome, Addison's Disease, visceral fat obesity associated with glucocorticoid therapy, depression, 1 anxiety, Alzheimer's disease, dementia, cognitive decline (including age-related cognitive decline), polycystic ovarian syndrome, infertility and hypergonadism.
• the compounds modulate the function of B and T cells of the immune system and can therefore be used to treat diseases such as tuberculosis, leprosy and psoriasis. They can also be used to promote wound healing, particularly in diabetic patients.
• the disclosed compounds can be used alone (i.e. as a monotherapy) or in combination with another therapeutic agent effective for treating any of the above indications.
• the pharmaceutical compositions can comprise the disclosed compounds alone as the the only pharmaceutically active agent or can comprise one or more additional pharmaceutically active agents.
• a pharmaceutical composition of the invention may, alternatively or in addition to a compound of Formula (I), (Ia), (Ib), (Ic), (Id), (Ie), (If), or (Ig) comprise a pharmaceutically acceptable salt of a compound of Formula (I), (Ia), (Ib), (Ic), (Id), (Ie), (If), (Ig) or a prodrug or pharmaceutically active metabolite of such a compound or salt and one or more pharmaceutically acceptable carriers therefore.
• a pharmaceutical composition of the invention may comprise a compound of Formula (I), (Ia), (Ib), (Ic), (Id), (Ie) 1 (If), (Ig) or a pharmaceutical salt thereof as the only pharmaceutically active agent in the pharmaceutical composition.
• a pharmaceutical composition of the invention may, alternatively or in addition to a compound of Formula I 1 comprise a pharmaceutically acceptable salt of a compound of Formula I or a prodrug or pharmaceutically active metabolite of such a compound or salt and one or more pharmaceutically acceptable carriers therefore.
• compositions of the invention are 11 ⁇ -HSD1 inhibitors.
• Said compositions contain compounds having a mean inhibition constant (IC 50 ) against 11 ⁇ -HSD1 of below about 1 ,000 nM; preferably below about 100 nM; more preferably below about 50 nM; even more preferably below about 5 nM; and most preferably below about 1 nM.
• IC 50 mean inhibition constant
• the invention includes a therapeutic method for treating or ameliorating an 11 ⁇ -HSD1 mediated disorder in a subject in need thereof comprising administering to a subject in need thereof an effective amount of a compound of Formula I 1 or an enantiomer, diastereomer, or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof of composition thereof.
• “treating” or “treatment” includes both therpaeutic and prophylactic treatment.
• Therapeutic treatment includes reducing the symptoms associated with a disease or condition and/or increasing the longevity of a subject with the disease or condition.
• Prophylactic treatment includes delaying the onset of a disease or condition in a subject at risk of developing the disease or condition or reducing the liklihood that a subject will then develop the disease or condition in a subject that is at risk for developing the disease or condition.
• An embodiment of the invention includes administering an 11 ⁇ -HSD1 inhibiting compound of Formula I or composition thereof in a combination therapy with one or more additional agents for the treatment of diabetes, dyslipidemia, cardiovascular disease, hypertension, obesity, cancer or glaucoma.
• Agents for the treatment of diabetes include insulins, such as Humulin® (EIi Lilly), Lantus® (Sanofi Aventis), Novolin (Novo Nordisk), and Exubera® (Pfizer); PPAR gamma agonists, such as Avandia® (rosiglitizone maleate, GSK) and Actos® (pioglitazone hydrochloride, Takeda/Eli Lilly); sulfonylureas, such as Amaryl® (glimepiride, Sanofi Aventis), Diabeta® (glyburide, Sanofi Aventis), Micronase®/Glynase® (glyburide, Pfizer), and Glucot
• Agents for the treatment of dyslipidemia and cardiovascular disease include statins, fibrates, and ezetimbe.
• Agents for the treatment of hypertension include alpha-blockers, beta-blockers, calcium channel blockers, diuretics, angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors, dual ACE and neutral endopeptidase (NEP) inhibitors, angiotensin-receptor blockers (ARBs), aldosterone synthase inhibitor, aldosterone-receptor antagonists, or endothelin receptor antagonist.
• Agents for the treatment of obesity include orlistat, phentermine, sibutramine and rimonabant.
• An embodiment of the invention includes administering an 11 ⁇ -HSD1 inhibiting compound of Formula I or composition thereof in a combination therapy with one or more other 11 ⁇ -HSD1 inhibitors (whether such inhibitors are also compounds of Formula I or are compounds of a different class/genus), or with combination products, such as Avandamet® (metformin HCI and rosiglitazone maleate, GSK); Avandaryl® (glimepiride and rosiglitazone maleate, GSK); Metaglip® (glipizide and metformin HCI, Bristol Myers Squibb); and Glucovance® (glyburide and metformin HCI, Bristol Myers Squibb).
• Avandamet® metalformin HCI and rosiglitazone maleate, GSK
• Avandaryl® glimepiride and rosiglitazone maleate, GSK
• Metaglip® glipizide and metformin HCI, Bristol Myers Squibb
• the compounds of the present invention can be prepared and administered in a wide variety of oral and parenteral dosage forms.
• the compounds of the present invention can be administered by injection, that is, intravenously, intramuscularly, intracutaneous ⁇ , subcutaneously, intraduodenally, or intraperitoneally.
• the compounds of the present invention can be administered intranasally or transdermally. It will be obvious to those skilled in the art that the following dosage forms may comprise as the active ingredient, either compounds or a corresponding pharmaceutically acceptable salt of a compound of the present invention.
• pharmaceutically acceptable carriers can either be solid or liquid.
• Solid form preparations include powders, tablets, pills, capsules, cachets, suppositories, and dispersible granules.
• a solid carrier can be one or more substances which may also act as diluents, flavoring agents, solubilizers, lubricants, suspending agents, binders, preservatives, tablet disintegrating agents, or an encapsulating material.
• the carrier is a finely divided solid which is in a mixture with the finely divided active ingredient.
• the active ingredient is mixed with the carrier having the necessary binding properties in suitable proportions and compacted in the shape and size desired.
• the powders and tablets preferably contain from about one to about seventy percent of the active ingredient.
• Suitable carriers are magnesium carbonate, magnesium stearate, talc, sugar, lactose, pectin, dextrin, starch, gelatin, tragacanth, methylcellulose, sodium caboxymethylcellulose, a low-melting wax, cocoa butter, and the like. Tablets, powders, cachets, lozenges, fast-melt strips, capsules and pills can be used as solid dosage forms containing the active ingredient suitable for oral administration.
• a low-melting wax such as a mixture of fatty acid glycerides or cocoa butter
• the active ingredient is dispersed homogeneously therein, as by stirring.
• the molten homogeneous mixture is then poured into convenient sized molds, allowed to cool, and thereby to solidify.
• Liquid form preparations include solutions, suspensions, retention enemas, and emulsions, for example, water or water propylene glycol solutions.
• liquid preparations can be formulated in solution in aqueous polyethylene glycol solution.
• Aqueous solutions suitable for oral administration can be prepared by dissolving the active ingredient in water and adding suitable colorants, flavors, stabilizing, and thickening agents as desired.
• Aqueous suspensions for oral administration can be prepared by dispersing the finely divided active ingredient in water with viscous material, such as natural or synthetic gums, resins, methylcellulose, sodium carboxymethylcellulose, and other well-known suspending agents.
• the pharmaceutical composition is preferably in unit dosage form.
• the composition is subdivided into unit doses containing appropriate quantities of the active ingredient.
• the unit dosage form can be a packaged preparation, the package containing discrete quantities of, for example, tablets, powders, and capsules in vials or ampules.
• the unit dosage form can be a tablet, cachet, capsule, or lozenge itself, or it can be the appropriate amount of any of these in packaged form.
• the quantity of active ingredient in a unit dose preparation may be varied or adjusted from about 0.1 mg to about 1000.0 mg, preferably from about 0.1 mg to about 100 mg.
• the dosages may be varied depending upon the requirements of the patient, the severity of the condition being treated, and the compound being employed. Determination of the proper dosage for a particular situation is within the skill in the art.
• the pharmaceutical composition may contain, if desired, other compatible therapeutic agents.
• the active ingredient is preferably administered orally in a solid dosage form as disclosed above in an amount of about 0.1 mg to about 100 mg per daily dose where the dose is administered once or more than once daily.

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• 2009
  • 2009-02-11 CA CA2714532A patent/CA2714532A1/en not_active Abandoned
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