WO2009098931A1 - 工作機械 - Google Patents
工作機械 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2009098931A1 WO2009098931A1 PCT/JP2009/050708 JP2009050708W WO2009098931A1 WO 2009098931 A1 WO2009098931 A1 WO 2009098931A1 JP 2009050708 W JP2009050708 W JP 2009050708W WO 2009098931 A1 WO2009098931 A1 WO 2009098931A1
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- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- column
- machine tool
- deformation
- saddle
- axis direction
- Prior art date
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Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23Q—DETAILS, COMPONENTS, OR ACCESSORIES FOR MACHINE TOOLS, e.g. ARRANGEMENTS FOR COPYING OR CONTROLLING; MACHINE TOOLS IN GENERAL CHARACTERISED BY THE CONSTRUCTION OF PARTICULAR DETAILS OR COMPONENTS; COMBINATIONS OR ASSOCIATIONS OF METAL-WORKING MACHINES, NOT DIRECTED TO A PARTICULAR RESULT
- B23Q15/00—Automatic control or regulation of feed movement, cutting velocity or position of tool or work
- B23Q15/007—Automatic control or regulation of feed movement, cutting velocity or position of tool or work while the tool acts upon the workpiece
- B23Q15/18—Compensation of tool-deflection due to temperature or force
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23Q—DETAILS, COMPONENTS, OR ACCESSORIES FOR MACHINE TOOLS, e.g. ARRANGEMENTS FOR COPYING OR CONTROLLING; MACHINE TOOLS IN GENERAL CHARACTERISED BY THE CONSTRUCTION OF PARTICULAR DETAILS OR COMPONENTS; COMBINATIONS OR ASSOCIATIONS OF METAL-WORKING MACHINES, NOT DIRECTED TO A PARTICULAR RESULT
- B23Q11/00—Accessories fitted to machine tools for keeping tools or parts of the machine in good working condition or for cooling work; Safety devices specially combined with or arranged in, or specially adapted for use in connection with, machine tools
- B23Q11/001—Arrangements compensating weight or flexion on parts of the machine
- B23Q11/0028—Arrangements compensating weight or flexion on parts of the machine by actively reacting to a change of the configuration of the machine
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23Q—DETAILS, COMPONENTS, OR ACCESSORIES FOR MACHINE TOOLS, e.g. ARRANGEMENTS FOR COPYING OR CONTROLLING; MACHINE TOOLS IN GENERAL CHARACTERISED BY THE CONSTRUCTION OF PARTICULAR DETAILS OR COMPONENTS; COMBINATIONS OR ASSOCIATIONS OF METAL-WORKING MACHINES, NOT DIRECTED TO A PARTICULAR RESULT
- B23Q17/00—Arrangements for observing, indicating or measuring on machine tools
- B23Q17/22—Arrangements for observing, indicating or measuring on machine tools for indicating or measuring existing or desired position of tool or work
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G05—CONTROLLING; REGULATING
- G05B—CONTROL OR REGULATING SYSTEMS IN GENERAL; FUNCTIONAL ELEMENTS OF SUCH SYSTEMS; MONITORING OR TESTING ARRANGEMENTS FOR SUCH SYSTEMS OR ELEMENTS
- G05B19/00—Programme-control systems
- G05B19/02—Programme-control systems electric
- G05B19/18—Numerical control [NC], i.e. automatically operating machines, in particular machine tools, e.g. in a manufacturing environment, so as to execute positioning, movement or co-ordinated operations by means of programme data in numerical form
- G05B19/404—Numerical control [NC], i.e. automatically operating machines, in particular machine tools, e.g. in a manufacturing environment, so as to execute positioning, movement or co-ordinated operations by means of programme data in numerical form characterised by control arrangements for compensation, e.g. for backlash, overshoot, tool offset, tool wear, temperature, machine construction errors, load, inertia
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G05—CONTROLLING; REGULATING
- G05B—CONTROL OR REGULATING SYSTEMS IN GENERAL; FUNCTIONAL ELEMENTS OF SUCH SYSTEMS; MONITORING OR TESTING ARRANGEMENTS FOR SUCH SYSTEMS OR ELEMENTS
- G05B2219/00—Program-control systems
- G05B2219/30—Nc systems
- G05B2219/45—Nc applications
- G05B2219/45148—Boring
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G05—CONTROLLING; REGULATING
- G05B—CONTROL OR REGULATING SYSTEMS IN GENERAL; FUNCTIONAL ELEMENTS OF SUCH SYSTEMS; MONITORING OR TESTING ARRANGEMENTS FOR SUCH SYSTEMS OR ELEMENTS
- G05B2219/00—Program-control systems
- G05B2219/30—Nc systems
- G05B2219/49—Nc machine tool, till multiple
- G05B2219/49186—Deflection, bending of tool
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a machine tool that processes a workpiece by relatively moving a tool and the workpiece.
- machining accuracy of the machine tool depends on the geometrical nature of the machine body, such as the smoothness of movement of the table to which the workpiece is attached and the saddle that supports the spindle, the straightness of movement, the parallelism and perpendicularity of the movement and the spindle centerline, etc. It depends greatly on the accuracy and is determined by the accuracy of the relative position between the tool and the workpiece during machining.
- the machine tool in order to machine a workpiece with high accuracy, it is necessary for the machine tool itself to maintain high dimensional accuracy.
- the structures constituting these machine tools are designed with high rigidity so as not to be deformed by stress or the like, and are devised not to be affected by vibration.
- a machine tool may be deformed by thermal expansion of a structure constituting the machine tool due to the influence of heat generated from itself or the influence of ambient temperature. That is, in a machine tool, various motors, tools, workpieces, and the like become heat generation sources during operation, and the heat is transmitted to the structure to cause thermal deformation.
- the structure due to temperature changes in the installation atmosphere of the machine tool and differences in temperature distribution, the structure also has a temperature difference at each of the front, rear, left, and right and top and bottom, causing thermal deformation such as collapse and warping.
- the main shaft is inclined, and there is a possibility that the processing accuracy of the workpiece is lowered.
- a main shaft that supports a tool can be moved in each axial direction by a plurality of structures, and the structure may be deformed by the movement of the main shaft. .
- a saddle that supports the main shaft is movably supported on the side surface of the column, and the column itself is also movable. For this reason, especially in the case of a large size, since the column is high and the weight of the saddle increases, the deformation (tilt) of the column increases as the saddle moves upward, and the upper and lower sides of the saddle It becomes difficult to maintain the straightness of movement.
- the column moves with angular deviation (pitch, roll, yaw) due to the straightness of the bed that supports the movement, and the column is deformed (tilted). ) Will occur. As a result, an error occurs in the tip position of the spindle, which may reduce the workpiece machining accuracy.
- an object of the present invention is to provide a machine tool capable of preventing a reduction in machining accuracy even when a column is deformed by movement of a main shaft in each axial direction. To do.
- a machine tool for processing a workpiece by relatively moving a tool and the workpiece, A saddle that rotatably supports a spindle on which the tool is detachably mounted; A column that movably supports the saddle and is movably provided; Column deformation detection means for detecting deformation of the column caused by movement of at least one of the saddle and the column; And correction means for correcting movement of at least one of the tool and the workpiece based on a detection result of the column deformation detection means.
- the column deformation detecting means includes A measurement target that is suspended vertically from the column; Measuring means for measuring a distance between the column and the measured part is provided.
- the column deformation detecting means includes an attenuating means for attenuating the shaking of the measured part.
- the column deformation detecting means includes A container attached to the column and containing a viscous fluid; A suspension member that is vertically suspended from the column via a wire; A first rod-like member having an upper end supported on the suspension member via a spherical bush and having a measured portion; A second rod-like member whose upper end is supported by the suspension member via a spherical bush and whose lower end is placed in the viscous fluid of the container; A distance sensor that is attached to the column and measures a distance to the measurement target portion.
- a machine tool according to a fifth invention for solving the above-described problem is
- the column deformation detecting means is provided in the column.
- the machine tool of the present invention even if the column is deformed by the movement of the main shaft in each axial direction, the movement of at least one of the tool and the workpiece is performed based on the detected amount of deformation of the column. By correcting this, it is possible to prevent a reduction in processing accuracy.
- FIG. 1 is a schematic perspective view of a machine tool according to an embodiment of the present invention. It is a schematic block diagram of a column deformation
- FIG. 1 is a schematic perspective view of a machine tool according to an embodiment of the present invention
- FIG. 2 is a schematic configuration diagram of a column deformation detection device
- FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view of the column
- FIG. 4 is a column deformation in the X-axis direction
- FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram showing the deformation of the column in the Z-axis direction.
- the X-axis direction, the Y-axis direction, and the Z (W) axis direction described in each figure indicate orthogonal three-axis directions that are orthogonal to each other, and are the machine front-rear direction, the machine vertical direction, And the machine width direction is shown. Further, in this embodiment described below, the machine tool according to the present invention is applied to a large horizontal boring machine.
- a machine tool 1 that is a large horizontal boring machine is provided with a bed 11 that is fixed to a floor surface, and the upper surface of the bed 11 extends in the X-axis direction.
- a pair of left and right guide rails 12a and 12b are provided.
- a column base 13 is supported on the guide rails 12 a and 12 b so as to be slidable in the X-axis direction.
- a hollow column 14 is erected on the upper surface of the column base 13. Therefore, the column base 13 (column 14) can be moved in the X-axis direction by driving column driving means such as a column driving motor or a column feed screw mechanism (not shown).
- a pair of left and right guide rails 15a and 15b extending in the Y-axis direction are provided on the front surface (side wall 14b described later) of the column 14, and a saddle 16 is provided in the Y-axis direction on the guide rails 15a and 15b. It is slidably supported. Therefore, the saddle 16 can be moved in the Y-axis direction by driving saddle drive means such as a saddle drive motor or a saddle feed screw mechanism (not shown).
- the saddle 16 is formed with a guide portion 17 penetrating in the Z-axis direction.
- a ram 18 is supported in the guide portion 17 so as to be slidable in the Z-axis direction. Therefore, the ram 18 can be moved in the Z-axis direction by driving a ram drive means such as a ram drive motor or a ram feed screw mechanism (not shown).
- a main shaft 19 is supported in the ram 18 so as to be rotatable and slidable in the W-axis direction.
- a tool T for performing predetermined processing is detachably attached to the tip of the main shaft 19. Yes. Accordingly, by driving a main shaft rotating means such as a main shaft rotating motor (not shown), the main shaft 19 can be rotated around the W axis, and further, a main shaft driving including a main shaft driving motor, a main shaft feed screw mechanism, etc. (not shown). By driving the means, the main shaft 19 is movable in the W-axis direction.
- a table bed 21 fixed to the floor surface is provided on the side of the bed 11, and a pair of front and rear guide rails 22a and 22b extending in the Z-axis direction are provided on the upper surface of the table bed 21. Is provided.
- a table base 23 is supported on the guide rails 22a and 22b so as to be slidable in the Z-axis direction, and a rotary table 24 is rotatably supported on the upper portion of the table base 23.
- a work (workpiece) W is detachably mounted on the upper surface of the rotary table 24. Therefore, the table base 23 (rotary table 24) can be moved in the Z-axis direction by driving a table driving means such as a table driving motor or a table feed screw mechanism (not shown). By driving a table rotating means such as a motor, the rotary table 24 can rotate about the Y axis.
- the machine tool 1 is provided with an NC device (correction means) 50 for controlling the machine tool 1 as a whole.
- This NC device 50 is connected to each driving means and each rotating means described above, and switches the moving direction and moving speed of the tool T and the workpiece W, and adjusts the moving amount and rotating amount thereof to Positioning control of the tool T and the workpiece W and indexing control of the workpiece W are performed. As a result, the tool T and the workpiece W are relatively moved, and a predetermined shape is machined into the workpiece W.
- the column 14 has an upper wall 14a and side walls 14b, 14c, 14d, and 14e, and is formed in a hollow shape.
- a column deformation detection device (column deformation detection means) 30 is supported so as to hang vertically on the lower surface of the upper wall 14a.
- the column deformation detection device 30 has two soft wires 31 and both ends of the wires 31 are attached to the lower surface of the upper wall 14a.
- a suspension member 33 is suspended from the wire 31 via a threading member 32, and a suspension rod (first rod-shaped member, second rod-shaped member) 35 is suspended from the suspension member 33 via a spherical bush 34. 36 are attached.
- the wire 31 can be arbitrarily set in material and thickness, but may have a low rigidity so that it can always hang down vertically even if the column 14 is deformed and tilted. Good.
- Measuring members 37 and 38 are provided at the axially intermediate portion and the lower end of the suspension rod 35.
- the measured member 37 is formed with measured surfaces (measured portions) 37a and 37b
- the measured member 38 is formed with measured surfaces (measured portions) 38a and 38b.
- the measured surfaces 37a and 38a are formed in a plane orthogonal to the X-axis direction, while the measured surfaces 37b and 38b are formed in a plane orthogonal to the Z-axis direction.
- a weight 39 is provided at the lower end of the suspension bar 36.
- a pair of upper and lower distance sensors (measuring means) 40a and 40b are provided on the inner surface of the side wall 14b so as to face the measured surfaces 37a and 38a, and a pair of upper and lower distance sensors (on the inner surface of the side wall 14e).
- Measuring means) 41a and 41b are provided so as to face the measured surfaces 37b and 38b.
- the distance sensors 40a, 40b, 41a, 41b are non-contact type sensors. Among these, the distance sensors 40a, 40b always measure the distances to the measured surfaces 37a, 38a, and the distance sensors 41a, 41b are covered. The distance to the measurement surfaces 37b and 38b is always measured.
- the NC device 50 is connected to the distance sensors 40a, 40b, 41a, 41b, and the measured distances (detection results) measured by these distance sensors 40a, 40b, 41a, 41b are input to the NC device 50. It has come to be.
- an oil pan (container) 42 is supported on the inner surface of the side wall 14d via a support member (not shown). Oil 43 that is a highly viscous fluid is stored in the oil pan 42, and a suspension rod 36 is placed in the oil 43 of the oil pan 42.
- the oil pan 42 and the oil 43 constitute a damping means.
- the NC device 50 calculates the deformation amount (inclination amount) of the column 14 in the X-axis direction from the difference in measurement distance to the measurement surfaces 37a and 38a measured by the distance sensors 40a and 40b.
- the amount of deformation (inclination amount) of the column 14 in the Z-axis direction is calculated from the difference in the measured distances to the measured surfaces 37b and 38b measured by the distance sensors 41a and 41b.
- the driving of each driving means is corrected, and the tool T and the workpiece W are processed so that a predetermined shape is machined on the workpiece W.
- the position control is performed.
- the table base 23 is moved in the Z-axis direction, and the workpiece W is moved to the machining position.
- the column 14 is moved in the X-axis direction
- the saddle 16 is moved in the Y-axis direction
- the ram 18 is moved in the Z-axis direction
- the main shaft 19 is moved in the W-axis direction. Move it in the direction.
- the rotary table 24 is rotated as necessary to perform indexing rotation of the workpiece W. Thereby, the process with respect to the workpiece
- the machine tool 1 such as a horizontal boring machine has a structure in which the saddle 16 that rotatably supports the main shaft 19 is supported by the side wall 14b of the column 14 so that it can move, as shown in FIG.
- the column 14 is inclined in the X-axis direction with reference to the junction point between the column base 13 and the column 14.
- the machine tool 1 is large, the column 14 is high and the saddle 16 is heavy. Therefore, as the saddle 16 moves upward, the deformation of the column 14 increases and the saddle 16 increases. The straightness of the up-and-down movement of 16 cannot be maintained.
- the column 14 When the column 14 (column base 13) is moved on the bed 11 in the X-axis direction, the column 14 is affected by the straightness of the bed 11 and the guide rails 12a and 12b, so that the column 14 has an angular deviation (pitch, roll, (Yaw) and move. As a result, as shown in FIG. 5, the column 14 is inclined in the Z-axis direction with reference to the junction between the column base 13 and the column 14.
- the thickness of the side walls 14b and 14d of the column 14 is different from that of the guide rails 15a and 15b formed on the side walls 14b, and the thick side wall 14b and the thin side wall 14d are different from each other. Then, a difference occurs in the heat capacity.
- the side wall 14d having a smaller heat capacity than the side wall 14b having a larger heat capacity.
- it becomes easy to thermally deform and as a result, the column 14 is inclined in the X-axis direction.
- the column deformation detection device 30 provided in the column 14 directly and constantly detects the deformation generated in the column 14.
- the NC device 50 calculates the difference.
- the NC device 50 calculates the deformation amount of the column 14 in the X-axis direction from the calculated difference in the measured distance, and corrects the driving of each driving means based on the deformation amount to correct the tool T and the workpiece. W position control is performed.
- the NC device 50 calculates the difference.
- the NC device 50 calculates the deformation amount of the column 14 in the Z-axis direction from the calculated difference in measurement distance, and corrects the driving of each driving means based on the deformation amount to correct the tool T and the workpiece. W position control is performed.
- the X axis direction and the Z axis of the column 14 generated when the column 14 and the saddle 16 are moved by the column deformation detecting device 30 when the workpiece W is processed by the tool T.
- the NC device After detecting the deformation in the direction, the NC device corrects the drive of each driving means based on the detection result to control the position of the tool T and the workpiece W, thereby preventing the machining accuracy from being lowered. can do.
- the upper ends of the suspension rods 35 and 36 are supported by the suspension member 33 suspended by the wire 31 via the spherical bush 34, and the lower end of the suspension rod 36 is connected to the oil pan 42.
- the distance sensors 40a, 40b, 41a, 41b can directly and accurately measure the distances to the measured surfaces 37a, 37b, 38a, 38b of the measured members 37, 38.
- space can be saved, so that it is not necessary to make the machine tool 1 larger than necessary.
- the present invention can be applied to a thermal deformation prevention structure that prevents a reduction in machining accuracy due to thermal deformation of a fixed column in a machine tool such as a machining center.
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Abstract
Description
工具と被加工物とを相対移動させて当該被加工物を加工する工作機械であって、
前記工具を着脱可能に装着する主軸を回転可能に支持するサドルと、
前記サドルを移動可能に支持し、且つ、移動可能に設けられるコラムと、
前記サドル及び前記コラムの少なくともいずれか一方の移動により発生した前記コラムの変形を検出するコラム変形検出手段と、
前記コラム変形検出手段の検出結果に基づいて、前記工具及び被加工物の少なくともいずれか一方の移動に補正を行う補正手段とを備えた
ことを特徴とする。
前記コラム変形検出手段は、
前記コラムに鉛直に吊り下げられる被計測部と、
前記コラムと前記被計測部との間の距離を計測する計測手段とを備える
ことを特徴とする。
前記コラム変形検出手段は、前記被計測部の揺れを減衰させる減衰手段を備える
ことを特徴とする。
前記コラム変形検出手段は、
前記コラムに取り付けられ、粘性流体を収容する容器と、
前記コラムにワイヤを介して鉛直に吊り下げられる吊り下げ部材と、
前記吊り下げ部材に球面ブッシュを介して上端が支持され、被計測部を有する第1棒状部材と、
前記吊り下げ部材に球面ブッシュを介して上端が支持され、下端が前記容器の粘性流体中に入れられた第2棒状部材と、
前記コラムに取り付けられ、前記被計測部までの距離を計測する距離センサとを備える
ことを特徴とする。
前記コラム変形検出手段を前記コラム内に設ける
ことを特徴とする。
Claims (5)
- 工具と被加工物とを相対移動させて当該被加工物を加工する工作機械であって、
前記工具を着脱可能に装着する主軸を回転可能に支持するサドルと、
前記サドルを移動可能に支持し、且つ、移動可能に設けられるコラムと、
前記サドル及び前記コラムの少なくともいずれか一方の移動により発生した前記コラムの変形を検出するコラム変形検出手段と、
前記コラム変形検出手段の検出結果に基づいて、前記工具及び被加工物の少なくともいずれか一方の移動に補正を行う補正手段とを備えた
ことを特徴とする工作機械。 - 請求項1に記載の工作機械において、
前記コラム変形検出手段は、
前記コラムに鉛直に吊り下げられる被計測部と、
前記コラムと前記被計測部との間の距離を計測する計測手段とを備える
ことを特徴とする工作機械。 - 請求項2に記載の工作機械において、
前記コラム変形検出手段は、前記被計測部の揺れを減衰させる減衰手段を備える
ことを特徴とする工作機械。 - 請求項1に記載の工作機械において、
前記コラム変形検出手段は、
前記コラムに取り付けられ、粘性流体を収容する容器と、
前記コラムにワイヤを介して鉛直に吊り下げられる吊り下げ部材と、
前記吊り下げ部材に球面ブッシュを介して上端が支持され、被計測部を有する第1棒状部材と、
前記吊り下げ部材に球面ブッシュを介して上端が支持され、下端が前記容器の粘性流体中に入れられた第2棒状部材と、
前記コラムに取り付けられ、前記被計測部までの距離を計測する距離センサとを備える
ことを特徴とする工作機械。 - 請求項1乃至4のいずれかに記載の工作機械において、
前記コラム変形検出手段を前記コラム内に設ける
ことを特徴とする工作機械。
Priority Applications (2)
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CN200980104387.2A CN101939134B (zh) | 2008-02-07 | 2009-01-20 | 机床 |
KR1020107017372A KR101198058B1 (ko) | 2008-02-07 | 2009-01-20 | 공작 기계 |
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JP2008-027157 | 2008-02-07 | ||
JP2008027157A JP5001870B2 (ja) | 2008-02-07 | 2008-02-07 | 工作機械 |
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WO2009098931A1 true WO2009098931A1 (ja) | 2009-08-13 |
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JP (1) | JP5001870B2 (ja) |
KR (1) | KR101198058B1 (ja) |
CN (1) | CN101939134B (ja) |
TW (1) | TWI381902B (ja) |
WO (1) | WO2009098931A1 (ja) |
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JP2011140098A (ja) * | 2010-01-08 | 2011-07-21 | Mitsubishi Heavy Ind Ltd | 工作機械の機械変位補正システム |
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ITBS20090234A1 (it) * | 2009-12-22 | 2011-06-23 | Camozzi Machine Tools S P A | Macchina utensile a montante verticale |
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US9058030B2 (en) * | 2010-12-24 | 2015-06-16 | Mitsubishi Heavy Industries, Ltd. | Horizontal machine tool |
US20150231751A1 (en) * | 2014-02-17 | 2015-08-20 | Deckel Maho Seebach Gmbh | Machine Tool Having Functional Components That Produce Heating During Operation |
JP2018167336A (ja) * | 2017-03-29 | 2018-11-01 | ブラザー工業株式会社 | 工作機械 |
US20210379709A1 (en) * | 2018-10-29 | 2021-12-09 | Makino Milling Machine Co., Ltd. | Machining center and workpiece processing method |
EP3875214A4 (en) * | 2018-10-29 | 2022-06-15 | Makino Milling Machine Co., Ltd. | MACHINING CENTER AND WORKPIECE PROCESSING PROCESS |
JP7154310B2 (ja) | 2018-10-29 | 2022-10-17 | 株式会社牧野フライス製作所 | マシニングセンタ及びワーク加工方法 |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
JP2009184077A (ja) | 2009-08-20 |
TWI381902B (zh) | 2013-01-11 |
CN101939134B (zh) | 2013-07-10 |
KR20100102198A (ko) | 2010-09-20 |
CN101939134A (zh) | 2011-01-05 |
JP5001870B2 (ja) | 2012-08-15 |
TW200938329A (en) | 2009-09-16 |
KR101198058B1 (ko) | 2012-11-07 |
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