WO2009057515A1 - スルホン酸フェニル化合物、それを用いた非水電解液及びリチウム電池 - Google Patents

スルホン酸フェニル化合物、それを用いた非水電解液及びリチウム電池 Download PDF

Info

Publication number
WO2009057515A1
WO2009057515A1 PCT/JP2008/069301 JP2008069301W WO2009057515A1 WO 2009057515 A1 WO2009057515 A1 WO 2009057515A1 JP 2008069301 W JP2008069301 W JP 2008069301W WO 2009057515 A1 WO2009057515 A1 WO 2009057515A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
electrolyte solution
sulfonate compound
nonaqueous electrolyte
phenyl sulfonate
lithium battery
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/JP2008/069301
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
Koji Abe
Kazuhiro Miyoshi
Original Assignee
Ube Industries, Ltd.
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Ube Industries, Ltd. filed Critical Ube Industries, Ltd.
Priority to CN2008801136251A priority Critical patent/CN101842349B/zh
Priority to KR1020107009491A priority patent/KR101486618B1/ko
Priority to JP2009539032A priority patent/JP5375616B2/ja
Priority to US12/740,122 priority patent/US8512897B2/en
Publication of WO2009057515A1 publication Critical patent/WO2009057515A1/ja

Links

Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
    • H01M10/056—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes
    • H01M10/0564—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes the electrolyte being constituted of organic materials only
    • H01M10/0566—Liquid materials
    • H01M10/0567—Liquid materials characterised by the additives
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07C309/00—Sulfonic acids; Halides, esters, or anhydrides thereof
    • C07C309/63—Esters of sulfonic acids
    • C07C309/64—Esters of sulfonic acids having sulfur atoms of esterified sulfo groups bound to acyclic carbon atoms
    • C07C309/65—Esters of sulfonic acids having sulfur atoms of esterified sulfo groups bound to acyclic carbon atoms of a saturated carbon skeleton
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07C309/00—Sulfonic acids; Halides, esters, or anhydrides thereof
    • C07C309/63—Esters of sulfonic acids
    • C07C309/64—Esters of sulfonic acids having sulfur atoms of esterified sulfo groups bound to acyclic carbon atoms
    • C07C309/65—Esters of sulfonic acids having sulfur atoms of esterified sulfo groups bound to acyclic carbon atoms of a saturated carbon skeleton
    • C07C309/66—Methanesulfonates
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
    • H01M10/052—Li-accumulators
    • H01M10/0525—Rocking-chair batteries, i.e. batteries with lithium insertion or intercalation in both electrodes; Lithium-ion batteries
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M2300/00—Electrolytes
    • H01M2300/0017—Non-aqueous electrolytes
    • H01M2300/0025—Organic electrolyte
    • H01M2300/0028—Organic electrolyte characterised by the solvent
    • H01M2300/0037—Mixture of solvents
    • H01M2300/004—Three solvents
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00—Electrodes
    • H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
    • H01M4/13—Electrodes for accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte, e.g. for lithium-accumulators; Processes of manufacture thereof
    • H01M4/131—Electrodes based on mixed oxides or hydroxides, or on mixtures of oxides or hydroxides, e.g. LiCoOx
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00—Electrodes
    • H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
    • H01M4/13—Electrodes for accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte, e.g. for lithium-accumulators; Processes of manufacture thereof
    • H01M4/133—Electrodes based on carbonaceous material, e.g. graphite-intercalation compounds or CFx
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/70—Energy storage systems for electromobility, e.g. batteries

Landscapes

  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Electrochemistry (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Condensed Matter Physics & Semiconductors (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Secondary Cells (AREA)
  • Organic Low-Molecular-Weight Compounds And Preparation Thereof (AREA)
  • Electric Double-Layer Capacitors Or The Like (AREA)
  • Primary Cells (AREA)

Abstract

　（１）新規なスルホン酸フェニル化合物、（２）非水溶媒に電解質が溶解されている非水電解液において、下記一般式（II）で表されるスルホン酸フェニル化合物が非水電解液に対して０．０１～１０質量％含有されている非水電解液、及び（３）該非水電解液を含む低温サイクル特性に優れたリチウム電池である。 （式中、Ｘ1～Ｘ5は、それぞれ独立してフッ素原子又は水素原子を示し、その内１～４個はフッ素原子であり、Ｒ2は、炭素数１～６の直鎖又は分枝のアルキル基、水素原子のうち少なくとも１つがハロゲン原子で置換された炭素数１～６の直鎖又は分枝のアルキル基、又は炭素数６～９のアリール基を示す。）
PCT/JP2008/069301 2007-11-01 2008-10-24 スルホン酸フェニル化合物、それを用いた非水電解液及びリチウム電池 WO2009057515A1 (ja)

Priority Applications (4)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CN2008801136251A CN101842349B (zh) 2007-11-01 2008-10-24 磺酸苯酯化合物、使用它的非水电解液及锂电池
KR1020107009491A KR101486618B1 (ko) 2007-11-01 2008-10-24 설폰산 페닐 화합물, 그것을 사용한 비수 전해액 및 리튬 전지
JP2009539032A JP5375616B2 (ja) 2007-11-01 2008-10-24 スルホン酸フェニル化合物、それを用いた非水電解液及びリチウム電池
US12/740,122 US8512897B2 (en) 2007-11-01 2008-10-24 Phenyl sulfonate compound, nonaqueous electrolyte solution using the same, and lithium battery

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP2007285074 2007-11-01
JP2007-285074 2007-11-01

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2009057515A1 true WO2009057515A1 (ja) 2009-05-07

Family

ID=40590906

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/JP2008/069301 WO2009057515A1 (ja) 2007-11-01 2008-10-24 スルホン酸フェニル化合物、それを用いた非水電解液及びリチウム電池

Country Status (5)

Country Link
US (1) US8512897B2 (ja)
JP (1) JP5375616B2 (ja)
KR (1) KR101486618B1 (ja)
CN (1) CN101842349B (ja)
WO (1) WO2009057515A1 (ja)

Cited By (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2011025016A1 (ja) * 2009-08-31 2011-03-03 三菱化学株式会社 非水系電解液及びそれを用いた非水系電解液電池
JP2011187235A (ja) * 2010-03-05 2011-09-22 Mitsubishi Chemicals Corp 非水系電解液及びそれを用いた非水系電解液二次電池
CN102361097A (zh) * 2011-11-14 2012-02-22 中国海洋石油总公司 一种磷酸铁锂动力电池用低温电解液的制备方法
CN102484280A (zh) * 2009-08-17 2012-05-30 宇部兴产株式会社 非水电解液以及使用其的电化学元件
EP2626943A1 (en) * 2010-10-05 2013-08-14 Shin-Kobe Electric Machinery Co., Ltd. Lithium-ion battery
JPWO2016060038A1 (ja) * 2014-10-16 2017-07-27 株式会社Adeka 非水電解液及び非水電解液二次電池

Families Citing this family (25)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US8383274B2 (en) * 2008-07-15 2013-02-26 Ube Industries, Ltd. Nonaqueous electrolyte solution for lithium battery, lithium battery using same, and formyloxy group-containing compound used therein
WO2012067977A2 (en) * 2010-11-15 2012-05-24 Zpower, Llc Polymer plasticizers for separators
KR20140025398A (ko) * 2011-04-22 2014-03-04 우베 고산 가부시키가이샤 비수 전해액, 그것을 이용한 축전 디바이스, 및 트라이플루오로메틸벤젠 화합물
WO2015093435A1 (ja) * 2013-12-20 2015-06-25 ダイキン工業株式会社 電解液、電気化学デバイス、リチウムイオン二次電池、及び、モジュール
CN105161753B (zh) * 2014-05-26 2017-12-26 宁德时代新能源科技股份有限公司 锂离子电池及其电解液
CN104600367A (zh) * 2014-12-29 2015-05-06 张家港市国泰华荣化工新材料有限公司 一种锂氟化碳电池
CN104617333B (zh) * 2015-01-05 2017-10-24 深圳新宙邦科技股份有限公司 一种非水电解液及锂离子二次电池
WO2017010820A1 (ko) 2015-07-16 2017-01-19 에스케이케미칼주식회사 이차전지용 전해액 첨가제, 이를 포함하는 전해액 및 이차전지
KR20170031530A (ko) 2015-09-11 2017-03-21 에스케이케미칼주식회사 이차전지용 전해액 첨가제 및 이를 포함하는 이차전지용 전해액
KR20170039369A (ko) 2015-10-01 2017-04-11 에스케이케미칼주식회사 이차전지용 전해액 첨가제 및 이를 포함하는 이차전지
CN108336408B (zh) * 2018-03-15 2021-12-10 桑顿新能源科技(长沙)有限公司 一种锂离子电池用非水电解液
CN110635167B (zh) * 2018-06-22 2021-04-20 比亚迪股份有限公司 非水电解液、含有该非水电解液的电池及电动车辆
CN109755635B (zh) * 2019-01-18 2020-11-06 杉杉新材料（衢州）有限公司 一种兼顾高低温性能的电池电解液添加剂、电解液及高镍三元锂离子电池
CN109818063A (zh) * 2019-03-12 2019-05-28 杉杉新材料（衢州）有限公司 一种三元锂离子电池非水电解液及三元锂离子电池
CN110212235B (zh) * 2019-06-12 2022-04-08 广州天赐高新材料股份有限公司 一种降低电池阻抗的锂二次电池电解液及其锂二次电池
CN112290091B (zh) * 2019-07-25 2022-03-15 杉杉新材料（衢州）有限公司 一种兼顾高低温性能的锂离子电池电解液及锂离子电池
CN112397783B (zh) * 2019-08-12 2022-03-15 杉杉新材料（衢州）有限公司 用于硅碳负极的电池电解液及含该电解液的锂离子电池
CN111029652A (zh) * 2019-12-20 2020-04-17 杉杉新材料（衢州）有限公司 一种锂离子电池电解液及含有该电解液的锂离子电池
CN111146499B (zh) * 2019-12-20 2022-02-08 东莞市杉杉电池材料有限公司 一种锂离子电池电解液及含有该电解液的锂离子电池
CN111342134B (zh) * 2020-03-13 2022-09-13 河南电池研究院有限公司 一种宽温域锂离子电池非水电解液及其制备方法
CN113851711B (zh) * 2020-06-28 2023-06-30 深圳市研一新材料有限责任公司 电池电解液及其中苯磺酸酯化合物的制备方法
CN112271330B (zh) * 2020-10-21 2022-06-07 广州天赐高新材料股份有限公司 电解液添加剂、电解液及储能装置
CN113782834B (zh) * 2021-10-14 2022-11-15 九江天赐高新材料有限公司 一种含磺酸苯酯化合物的电解液及锂离子电池
CN117438648A (zh) * 2022-07-15 2024-01-23 华为技术有限公司 局部高浓度电解液、二次电池、电子设备和移动装置
CN115799631A (zh) * 2022-11-18 2023-03-14 广州天赐高新材料股份有限公司 一种用于磷酸铁锂电池的电解液及磷酸铁锂电池

Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP2001511781A (ja) * 1997-02-04 2001-08-14 イーライ・リリー・アンド・カンパニー スルホンアミド誘導体
JP2003272700A (ja) * 2002-03-13 2003-09-26 Ube Ind Ltd 非水電解液およびそれを用いたリチウム二次電池
WO2005029631A1 (ja) * 2003-09-17 2005-03-31 Ube Industries, Ltd. 非水電解液およびそれを用いたリチウム二次電池
WO2006077763A1 (ja) * 2005-01-20 2006-07-27 Ube Industries, Ltd. 非水電解液及びそれを用いたリチウム二次電池
JP2007200688A (ja) * 2006-01-26 2007-08-09 Sanyo Electric Co Ltd 非水電解質二次電池、非水電解質及びその充電方法

Family Cites Families (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPH09301981A (ja) * 1996-05-02 1997-11-25 Inst Of Org Chem Of Natl Akad Of Sci Ukraina メタントリスルホン酸誘導体
JP4517730B2 (ja) * 2004-05-28 2010-08-04 宇部興産株式会社 非水電解液およびそれを用いたリチウム二次電池
GB0428526D0 (en) * 2004-12-30 2005-02-09 Novartis Ag Organic compounds

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP2001511781A (ja) * 1997-02-04 2001-08-14 イーライ・リリー・アンド・カンパニー スルホンアミド誘導体
JP2003272700A (ja) * 2002-03-13 2003-09-26 Ube Ind Ltd 非水電解液およびそれを用いたリチウム二次電池
WO2005029631A1 (ja) * 2003-09-17 2005-03-31 Ube Industries, Ltd. 非水電解液およびそれを用いたリチウム二次電池
WO2006077763A1 (ja) * 2005-01-20 2006-07-27 Ube Industries, Ltd. 非水電解液及びそれを用いたリチウム二次電池
JP2007200688A (ja) * 2006-01-26 2007-08-09 Sanyo Electric Co Ltd 非水電解質二次電池、非水電解質及びその充電方法

Non-Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
DOLLE, R. E. ET AL.: "Palladium catalyzed alkoxycarbonylation of phenols to benzoate esters", JOURNAL OF THE CHEMICAL SOCIETY, CHEMICAL COMMUNICATIONS, 1987, pages 904 - 905 *
FROHN, H.-J. ET AL.: "A simple and convenient route to arylxenon(II) tetrafluoroborates, Zeitschrift fuer Naturforschung, B", CHEMICAL SCIENCES, vol. 54, no. 12, 1999, pages 1495 - 1498 *
HAY, L.A. ET AL.: "Palladium-Catalyzed Hydroarylation of Propiolamides. A Regio- and Stereocontrolled Method for Preparing 3,3-Diarylacrylamides", JOURNAL OF ORGANIC CHEMISTRY, vol. 63, no. 15, 1998, pages 5050 - 5058 *
NISHIHARA, Y. ET AL.: "Coupling Reactions of Alkynylsilanes Mediated by a Cu(I) Salt: Novel Syntheses of Conjugate Diynes and Disubstituted Ethynes", JOURNAL OF ORGANIC CHEMISTRY, vol. 65, no. 6, 2000, pages 1780 - 1787 *

Cited By (11)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN102484280A (zh) * 2009-08-17 2012-05-30 宇部兴产株式会社 非水电解液以及使用其的电化学元件
EP2469638A1 (en) * 2009-08-17 2012-06-27 Ube Industries, Ltd. Nonaqueous electrolyte solution and electrochemical element using same
EP2469638A4 (en) * 2009-08-17 2014-03-12 Ube Industries NONAQUEOUS ELECTROLYTIC SOLUTION AND ELECTROCHEMICAL ELEMENT USING THE SAME
US9029024B2 (en) 2009-08-17 2015-05-12 Ube Industries, Ltd. Nonaqueous electrolyte solution and electrochemical element using same
WO2011025016A1 (ja) * 2009-08-31 2011-03-03 三菱化学株式会社 非水系電解液及びそれを用いた非水系電解液電池
CN104112870A (zh) * 2009-08-31 2014-10-22 三菱化学株式会社 非水电解液及使用该非水电解液的非水电解质电池
JP2011187235A (ja) * 2010-03-05 2011-09-22 Mitsubishi Chemicals Corp 非水系電解液及びそれを用いた非水系電解液二次電池
EP2626943A1 (en) * 2010-10-05 2013-08-14 Shin-Kobe Electric Machinery Co., Ltd. Lithium-ion battery
EP2626943A4 (en) * 2010-10-05 2014-04-30 Shin Kobe Electric Machinery LITHIUM ION BATTERY
CN102361097A (zh) * 2011-11-14 2012-02-22 中国海洋石油总公司 一种磷酸铁锂动力电池用低温电解液的制备方法
JPWO2016060038A1 (ja) * 2014-10-16 2017-07-27 株式会社Adeka 非水電解液及び非水電解液二次電池

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
KR20100098499A (ko) 2010-09-07
JPWO2009057515A1 (ja) 2011-03-10
JP5375616B2 (ja) 2013-12-25
KR101486618B1 (ko) 2015-01-26
CN101842349B (zh) 2013-07-17
US20100291437A1 (en) 2010-11-18
CN101842349A (zh) 2010-09-22
US8512897B2 (en) 2013-08-20

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
WO2009057515A1 (ja) スルホン酸フェニル化合物、それを用いた非水電解液及びリチウム電池
EP2120279A4 (en) WATER-FREE ELECTROLYTE SOLUTION AND SECONDARY BATTERY WITH A WATER-FREE ELECTROLYTE
EP1672729A4 (en) WATER-FREE ELECTROLYTE SOLUTION AND LITHIUM SECONDARY BATTERY THEREWITH
WO2009035085A1 (ja) 電解液
JP6728148B2 (ja) 強化された電気化学的及び熱的安定性を有する有機ケイ素含有電解質組成物
CA2597882A1 (en) Quaternary ammonium salt, electrolyte, electrolyte solution and electrochemical device
CN105826606B (zh) 一种电解液以及包含该电解液的锂离子电池
WO2009066559A1 (ja) 非水電池用電解液及びこれを用いた非水電池
EP2339684A3 (en) Nonaqueous electrolytic solution, nonaqueous electrolyte secondary cell, and carbonate compounds
WO2006094069A3 (en) Novel redox shuttles for overcharge protection of lithium batteries
JP2014518001A5 (ja)
WO2009075174A1 (ja) 非水電解液及びそれを備えた非水電解液二次電源
TW200601601A (en) Nonaqueous electrolyte solution and lithium secondary battery using same
TW200509435A (en) Non-aqueous electrolytic solution for lithium battery and lithium battery using the same
MY166906A (en) Lithium Secondary Battery
JP2019194980A5 (ja)
JP2008078116A5 (ja)
JP2020528200A (ja) 変性トリアジン機能性化合物
TW200703739A (en) Nonaqueous electrolytic solution and secondary battery using the same
WO2009125967A3 (ko) 리튬 이차전지용 비수전해액 및 이를 구비한 리튬 이차전지
RU2015117380A (ru) Добавки для гальванических батарей
JP6170646B1 (ja) 電解質組成物、二次電池、及び二次電池の使用方法
CN107973822A (zh) 一种磷腈类化合物及其合成方法和应用
KR20150028769A (ko) Li-이온 전지용 2환 방향족 음이온염
RU2013114770A (ru) Композиция неводного электролита и аккумуляторная батарея с неводным электролитом

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
WWE Wipo information: entry into national phase

Ref document number: 200880113625.1

Country of ref document: CN

121 Ep: the epo has been informed by wipo that ep was designated in this application

Ref document number: 08844780

Country of ref document: EP

Kind code of ref document: A1

WWE Wipo information: entry into national phase

Ref document number: 2009539032

Country of ref document: JP

WWE Wipo information: entry into national phase

Ref document number: 2434/CHENP/2010

Country of ref document: IN

ENP Entry into the national phase

Ref document number: 20107009491

Country of ref document: KR

Kind code of ref document: A

NENP Non-entry into the national phase

Ref country code: DE

WWE Wipo information: entry into national phase

Ref document number: 12740122

Country of ref document: US

122 Ep: pct application non-entry in european phase

Ref document number: 08844780

Country of ref document: EP

Kind code of ref document: A1