WO2008095358A1 - Trousse de test pour la détection de l'albumine modifiée par l'ischémie et méthode associée - Google Patents

Trousse de test pour la détection de l'albumine modifiée par l'ischémie et méthode associée Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2008095358A1
WO2008095358A1 PCT/CN2007/002241 CN2007002241W WO2008095358A1 WO 2008095358 A1 WO2008095358 A1 WO 2008095358A1 CN 2007002241 W CN2007002241 W CN 2007002241W WO 2008095358 A1 WO2008095358 A1 WO 2008095358A1
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Prior art keywords
albumin
sample
kit
membrane
test
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PCT/CN2007/002241
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
Jianhui He
Jing Jiang
Jia Liu
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Jianhui He
Jing Jiang
Jia Liu
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Publication of WO2008095358A1 publication Critical patent/WO2008095358A1/zh

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    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01NINVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N33/00Investigating or analysing materials by specific methods not covered by groups G01N1/00 - G01N31/00
    • G01N33/48Biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Haemocytometers
    • G01N33/50Chemical analysis of biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Testing involving biospecific ligand binding methods; Immunological testing
    • G01N33/68Chemical analysis of biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Testing involving biospecific ligand binding methods; Immunological testing involving proteins, peptides or amino acids
    • G01N33/6803General methods of protein analysis not limited to specific proteins or families of proteins
    • G01N33/6827Total protein determination, e.g. albumin in urine
    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01NINVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N2333/00Assays involving biological materials from specific organisms or of a specific nature
    • G01N2333/435Assays involving biological materials from specific organisms or of a specific nature from animals; from humans
    • G01N2333/76Assays involving albumins other than in routine use for blocking surfaces or for anchoring haptens during immunisation

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a kit for detecting ischemic modified albumin and a detection method thereof.
  • kits use an albumin-cobalt binding assay to detect cobalt ions that are not bound to human albumin after interference with albumin removal. The resulting value can be used to diagnose whether a patient has myocardial ischemia.
  • Acute Coronary Syndrome is a large-scale condition of chest discomfort and other symptoms caused by acute myocardial ischemia. It is a common clinical heart and vascular emergency, and is also the main cause of acute death.
  • ACS covers a group of consecutively advanced conditions, including Unstable Angina (UA), non-ST Segment Elevation Myocardial Infarction (NSTEMI), and ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction Infarction (STEMI) and sudden cardiac death.
  • UUA Unstable Angina
  • NSTEMI non-ST Segment Elevation Myocardial Infarction
  • ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction Infarction ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction Infarction
  • the pathological basis of ACS is the formation of thrombus in unstable coronary plaques. Many patients develop myocardial infarction (MI) and even sudden cardiac death. It is one of the main diseases that threaten human life.
  • Myocardial ischemia is the most common
  • Ischemia is a partial body hypoxia caused by metabolic changes, usually caused by stenosis or obstruction of blood vessels.
  • the two most common forms of ischemia are cardiovascular and cerebrovascular.
  • Cardiovascular myocardial ischemia is the body's ability to supply oxygen to the heart. It is the second leading cause of death in China.
  • Cerebral ischemia is a sign of stroke, and stroke is the third leading cause of death in China.
  • Chinese cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases caused 2,600,000 deaths. More than 30% of the population had cardiovascular disease, and the incidence of acute coronary heart disease increased by 50% every ten years.
  • as many as three to four million Chinese will suffer from so-called "asymptomatic myocardial ischemia" without clinical manifestations.
  • Electrocardiogram has high specificity for Acute Myocardial Infarction (AMI) and UA. However, the sensitivity is less than 50%. About half of the ECG is normal when ACS patients come to the emergency room.
  • Cardiac troponin [cardiac troponin T (Cardiac Troponin T (cTn T) and Cardiac Troponin I (cTn I), Creatine Kinase isoenzyme MB (CK-MB) is a specific myocardial marker, but only After irreversible cell damage and the integrity of the cell membrane is destroyed, it rises in the blood. Short-term and reversible ischemic attacks do not cause elevated levels of blood in these markers.
  • Bar-Or D method American Bar-Or D (hereinafter referred to as Bar-Or D method) and the like invented the rapid detection method and kit for MA.
  • the basic principle of the invention is: albumin in the serum sample of the normal control group exists in an active form, and after adding an excessively known amount of cobalt ion solution, the cobalt ion can be combined with albumin, and the concentration of unbound cobalt ions in the solution is low.
  • the serum samples of patients with myocardial ischemia contain more ischemic modified white 'protein. After adding the same concentration of cobalt ion solution, due to the weak ability of MA to bind to cobalt ions, there is a higher concentration of unbound cobalt ions in the solution.
  • the absorbance of the sample is detected by a spectrophotometer at 450-500 nm, and the obtained data is compared with a known standard MA curve to obtain the MA value. Values are expressed in units per milliliter (U/ml).
  • the specific test procedure is as follows: adding an excessively known amount of cobalt ion solution to the test serum to form a mixed solution, shaking the hook at 18-37 ° C for at least 4-5 minutes, the reaction pH 7-9 is preferred;
  • the sugar alcohol (1, 4-Ditliiotlireitol, DTT for short) developer is shaken and reacted with the above mixture, and then sodium chloride solution is added, and the absorbance of the sample is detected at 450-500 nm by using a fully automatic biochemical analyzer, and the obtained OD value is obtained.
  • a value is obtained by comparison with a known standard MA kinetic curve, and the measured value is expressed in units per milliliter (U/ml).
  • the MA detection kits sold by Inverness in the United States can only be used on a few automatic biochemical analyzers of Hitachi and Roths models, and these types of automatic biochemical analyzers are not available in hospitals in China.
  • the biochemical kit should be able to be used on the automatic biochemical analyzer of each brand.
  • the prior art can not be used on the general biochemical analyzer.
  • the possible reason is that the IMA yin and yang detected by the MA kit There is no significant difference in the OD value, and the signal is too weak to be amplified. Since the manual spectrophotometer or small and medium-sized biochemical analyzer can not effectively multiply the difference of tiny photoelectric signals by thousands of times, it is not suitable for use.
  • the emergency laboratory of Chinese hospitals is generally not equipped with large biochemical analyzers, but ACS is an emergency patient. This poses an obstacle to the promotion of the use of MA indicators in the rapid diagnosis of myocardial ischemia.
  • the OD value of the abscissa changes from a negative low value to a positive high value within a range of less than 0.3, while the ordinate MA value varies within a large range of about 200 units, that is to say A slight change in the OD value will cause a large change in the MA value.
  • an IMA negative high value sample can easily become positive, and a MA positive low value sample is likely to be overestimated. This change may be caused by systematic errors, and It is not necessarily caused by the inherent differences in the sample itself, which may lead to an overestimation or underestimation of the patient's ischemic condition, which may cause errors in clinical judgment.
  • the positive predictive value (PPV) of the prior art kit is lower, mainly because the OD value of the A negative sample is non-specifically increased, and when the background interference is large enough, the negative result of the MA can exceed the critical value.
  • a false positive of MA makes the positive predictive value of A lower, which somewhat reduces the clinical value of MA.
  • the invention provides a kit for detecting ischemic modified albumin and a detection method thereof.
  • the kit is a cobalt ion solution of CoCl 2 ⁇ 6 ⁇ 20 (10 mg/100 ml-500 mg/lOOml), 0.05 M-0.20 M, phosphate buffer pH 7.0-8.0, DTT 0.25-3.5 mg/ml.
  • the means for separating and removing background interference substances may be based on physical or immunological means.
  • the present invention employs physical centrifugal ultrafiltration separation or immunological including immunochromatographic membrane separation, affinity chromatography column separation, immunofiltration membrane separation or immunomagnetic separation.
  • the device adopts a centrifugal ultrafiltration tube and a matching centrifuge tube, and is a detection kit for centrifugal ultrafiltration ischemic modified albumin; the device adopts an immunochromatographic membrane IMA test plate immobilized with anti-albumin antibody, which is for immunochromatographic membrane deficiency.
  • Blood-modified albumin test plate kit the device adopts an affinity chromatography column coupled with anti-albumin antibody, which is a detection kit for affinity-modified ischemic modified albumin; the device is immobilized with anti-albumin antibody
  • the immunofiltration membrane A test plate is an immunodiafiltration membrane ischemic modified albumin test plate kit; the device uses an immunomagnetic bead coupled with an anti-albumin antibody, which is an immunomagnetic bead for immunological modification. Protein detection kit.
  • the principle of the invention for detecting the MA kit and the detection method thereof is basically the same as that of the prior art Bar-Or D method.
  • the kit composition and the detection method are improved, mainly in the display
  • the various forms of albumin in the mixture are removed and separated from the bound cobalt ions before the color reaction, and then the unbound cobalt ions in the separated phase are detected, and the IMA value is measured to diagnose whether the patient has myocardial ischemia symptoms.
  • the present invention uses a kit for detecting ischemic modified albumin, and the steps for detecting the MA method are as follows: (See Fig. 1): (1) An excessively known amount of a cobalt ion solution, a phosphate buffer solution and a patient biological sample such as Mix blood, serum, plasma, body fluid or tissue fluid, incubate at 18-37 5 for 5 minutes to form a mixture pH 7-9; (2) Separate and remove background interference substances from the mixture by centrifugal ultrafiltration or immunological separation; (3) ) color reaction of the DTT developer with the separated unbound cobalt ions; (4) using spectrophotometry Colorimetric or reflected light analysis determines the intensity of the color of the colored compound; (5) The resulting data is compared to the standard curve to obtain the IMA value to diagnose the patient for myocardial ischemia.
  • the mixture described in step 1 contains bound and unbound cobalt ions, as well as all natural forms of albumin, albumin-cobalt complex and ischemic modified albumin; phosphate buffer is added to the mixture. In order to enhance the color development effect of the unbound cobalt ions separated in the third step.
  • the background interference means that the DTT developer also reacts with other substances other than the unbound cobalt ions in the mixed solution, and also produces an optical density value when measured by spectrophotometric colorimetric analysis. And superimposed on the optical density values produced by the unbound cobalt ions, thereby affecting the specificity of the MA measurement.
  • the removal of background interfering substances in the MA method is mainly to separate various forms of albumin in the mixed solution from unbound cobalt ions, which creates a background interference for the color formation of unbound cobalt ions and DTT developers.
  • the environment, the purpose is to show that the unbound cobalt ion and DTT developer produce a true color intensity, reduce the A-negative OD value, and improve the specificity of the IMA kit and its detection method.
  • the separation means recommended by the method for detecting MA in the present invention may be physical or immune, and the physical separation by centrifugal ultrafiltration; the means of immunization is to utilize the specificity of the antigen-antibody reaction, and the albumin is captured by the anti-human albumin antibody, thereby separating the Combined cobalt ions.
  • the immunological removal of background interference methods is highly specific, requires less sample, lower cost, and is easier to operate. It is more suitable for the development of rapid A kits for bedside and household use.
  • the albumin site targeted by the antibody involved in the detection of the MA method of the present invention should not In the natural form of the human albumin-N-terminus, it should be able to bind all human albumin, including all natural forms of human albumin, albumin-cobalt complex and ischemic modified albumin, thus Achieve the purpose of separating albumin.
  • Immunochromatographic membrane separation, affinity chromatography column separation, immunofiltration membrane separation and immunomagnetic beads separation are all recommended means of the present invention.
  • the step of removing the interfering substances of all kinds of albumin is carried out between the two steps of the formation of the mixed solution and the color reaction, that is, the background interference substances, especially various forms of albumin, are involved in the DTT color developing agent. reaction.
  • Negative sample IMA positive sample 1 sample 2 sample 3 sample 1 sample 2 sample 3 mean albumin background before separation 0.183 0.169 0.158 0.157 0.153 0.104 0.114 after albumin background separation 0.058 0.069 0.062 0.058 0.057 0.067 0.062 A normal human sample is used as a gradient After dilution, the OD values of the blank control before and after the albumin background separation were compared.
  • Centrifugal ultrafiltration MA detection kit consists of CoCl 2 ⁇ 6 ⁇ 2 50 50mg/100ml cobalt ion solution, 0.1M, pH 7.4 phosphate buffer, 0.5mg/ml DTT color developer, centrifugal ultrafiltration tube and matching Centrifuge tube composition.
  • a mixture of overly known amounts of cobalt ion solution, phosphate buffer, and patient biological sample is removed by centrifugation to remove albumin background interfering substances, primarily by removing various forms of albumin, including all in natural form. Human albumin, albumin-cobalt complex and ischemic modified albumin appear.
  • the centrifugal ultrafiltration tube physically separates the mixture only according to the defined protein molecular weight, but has zero interception for unbound cobalt ions.
  • a centrifugal ultrafiltration tube with a molecular weight of 66 KD is used. Since the molecular weight of albumin is 66 KD, the centrifugation is performed. After ultrafiltration, most of the albumin is retained, and the concentration of unbound cobalt ions in the separated phase is equal to that in the mixed phase.
  • the procedure for detecting MA using a centrifugal ultrafiltration IMA detection kit is described in Example 1.
  • the time requirement for the whole test is preferably no more than half an hour.
  • the use of centrifugal ultrafiltration to remove albumin has the advantages of simple device and operation, short time and low blood consumption. .
  • the microcentrifuge ultrafiltration tube of Microcon is recommended for the centrifugal ultrafiltration MA detection kit of the present invention.
  • the molecular weight of albumin 66KD we use MICROCON 30KD centrifugal ultrafiltration which can physically separate albumin molecules from serum. Tube (According to the experience of general ultrafiltration, to separate a molecule, a centrifugal ultrafiltration tube that is twice as small as the molecule should be used).
  • Immunomagnetic Bead A detection kit consists of CoCl 2 ⁇ 6 ⁇ 2 0 lOOmg/lOOml cobalt ion solution, 0.1M, pH 7.8 phosphate buffer, 1.0mg/ml DTT developer, and anti-albumin antibody couple The combination of immunomagnetic beads.
  • a mixture of an excessively known amount of cobalt ion solution, phosphate buffer, and patient biological sample is used to capture albumin to remove background interference substances by immunomagnetic beads coupled with anti-albumin antibodies prior to the color reaction. It is the removal of various forms of albumin, including all human albumin, albumin-cobalt complexes and ischemic modified albumin in their natural form.
  • a detection kit consists of CoCl 2 ⁇ 6 ⁇ 2 0 300mg/100ml cobalt ion solution, 0.2M, pH 8.0 phosphate buffer, 2.0mg/ml DTT color reagent, and anti-albumin antibody
  • the coupled affinity chromatography column is composed.
  • a mixture of an excessively known amount of cobalt ion solution, a phosphate buffer, and a patient biological sample is used to remove background interference substances, mainly to remove, prior to the color reaction using an affinity layer column coupled to an anti-albumin antibody.
  • Various forms of albumin including all human albumin, albumin-cobalt complexes and ischemic modified albumin in their natural form.
  • the unbound cobalt ions in the separated phase are detected, and the obtained MA value can be used as a basis for the clinician to judge whether the patient has myocardial ischemia symptoms.
  • the method of detecting the MA by the affinity chromatography MA detection kit see Example 5.
  • the immunochromatographic membrane MA test plate kit consisted of CoCl 2 ⁇ 6H 2 400 mg/100 ml of cobalt ion solution, 0.15 M, pH 7.0 phosphate buffer, and immunochromatographic membrane MA test plate.
  • the schematic diagram of the stereoscopic decomposition structure of the immunochromatographic membrane MA test plate is shown in Fig. 2.
  • the immunochromatographic membrane MA test plate has a cover plate and a base, and the cover plate has two sample addition holes and two observation windows, and the base has immunochromatography.
  • Membrane MA test strip and sample albumin content test strip the bottoms of which are respectively adhered to the rigid plastic liner and fixed on the base, and the immunochromatographic membrane MA test strip has the first corresponding to the first sample well a sample area, an albumin capture area, a chromogenic area, and a first absorption pad; the sample albumin content test strip has a second sample area corresponding to the second sample hole, a gold pad, a test area, and a second absorption pad.
  • a mixture of an excessively known amount of cobalt ion solution, a phosphate buffer, and a patient biological sample is dropped onto the first sample zone through the first sample well, and the mixed solution moves forward from the first sample zone.
  • the albumin capture zone after removing the background interference substance albumin by the antibody immobilized on the immunochromatographic membrane, enters the DTT (2.5 mg/ml) color development zone, and the amount of unbound cobalt ion can be reflected according to the color intensity, and the obtained A value It can be used as a basis for clinicians to determine whether a patient has symptoms of myocardial ischemia.
  • the original sample is dropped into the second sample hole, and the original sample is moved forward from the second sample region, and is combined with the albumin antibody complex in the test area through the gold pad, and then the gold standard in the gold pad
  • the albumin antibody moves forward to bind to the albumin antibody complex in the test zone to produce a purplish red color.
  • the depth of the magenta is proportional to the albumin content in the sample, and the albumin content can be measured. This value can be used to calibrate. The inaccuracy of the MA judgment caused by the albumin content being too high or too low.
  • the immunodiafiltration membrane ischemic modified albumin test plate kit is composed of CoCl 2 ⁇ 6H 2 200 mg/100ml cobalt ion solution, 0.1M, pH 7.6 phosphate buffer solution, and immunodiafiltration membrane IMA test plate. .
  • the schematic diagram of the three-dimensional decomposition structure of the immunofiltration membrane A test plate is shown in Fig. 3.
  • the immunofiltration membrane MA test plate has a sample tank, a notch plate and a bottom plate, and the sample groove is embedded in the notch of the notch plate, and there are two on the sample groove.
  • the upper layer of the first sample well is a cell filter, the lower layer is an immunodiafiltration membrane immobilized with anti-albumin antibody; the second sample well contains only a cell filter.
  • a first developer (DTT, 2.0 mg ml) pad for detecting unbound cobalt ions corresponding to the first injection port, and a white protein content for detecting the sample in the sample corresponding to the second injection hole
  • the second developer bromocresol green, 2.0 mg/ml was adhered to the absorbent pad and fixed to the substrate.
  • a mixture of an excessively known amount of cobalt ion solution, a phosphate buffer, and a patient biological sample is dropped into the first injection port, and when the mixture passes through the upper cell filter in the well, various blood cells are filtered out.
  • various blood cells are filtered out.
  • red blood cells, white blood cells and various platelets, etc. followed by an immunodiafiltration membrane immobilized with an anti-albumin antibody to remove albumin background interfering substances, including all human albumin, albumin-cobalt complexes and Blood-modified albumin
  • the separated unbound cobalt ions are diafiltered down to the first developer pad to form a colored compound, the color intensity can reflect the amount of unbound cobalt ions, the measured MA value, and the obtained IMA value
  • the clinician can be diagnosed for myocardial ischemia symptoms.
  • the original patient sample is dropped into the second injection hole to remove various blood cells, and then reaches down to the second developer pad.
  • the albumin in the sample reacts with the color developer to form a colored compound, and the color intensity reflects the sample.
  • the albumin content, the albumin content which can be used to calibrate the incorrectness of the MA judgment that may occur when the albumin content is too high or too low.
  • Immunofiltration membrane A test plate kit method for detecting MA See Example 6 for the procedure.
  • the patient sample is preferably a non-hemolytic serum or venous whole blood.
  • the user should establish a standard curve using the calibrators supplied with the kit accessories and use the controls for routine quality control.
  • the user can use the calibrator data measured by the MA detection kit of the present invention as an abscissa on various types of spectrophotometric colorimeter, reflected light analyzer or large and medium-sized automatic biochemical analyzer, according to the IMA calibrator.
  • the A unit is the ordinate, and the standard curve of each kit can be drawn using statistical software for the calculation and judgment of the A result of the patient sample; IMA test kit
  • the quality control products provided in the accessories are used for quality control of daily A test.
  • the MA control products are classified into low, medium and devaluation.
  • the labeled IMA value is a range, as long as the user applies the value measured by the kit of the present invention. Within the range indicated by the control, the entire test operation is normal. The user can attach a test control to the daily MA test and can be used to check whether the data is within the allowable error range.
  • kits of the present invention is used to detect the specificity of the MA and improve Positive predictive value. Clinically, it can also be used to classify patients with ACS risk and can be used as an important basis for early diagnosis of myocardial ischemia.
  • patients with unstable angina are diagnosed with acute myocardial ischemia, and A test can be used as an important basis for early treatment, improving the patient's recovery and reducing mortality.
  • the blood sample of the patient before and after the exercise test can be detected by using the sensitive and specific advantages of the A test kit of the present invention, the purpose of which is to observe the increase of the A index. Size is an important basis for screening patients for the presence of myocardial ischemia during exercise testing;
  • Coronary angioplasty is a mature and therapeutic treatment, but coronary heart disease patients may not have good postoperative results or may have stenosis after a few months.
  • the MA kit of the present invention can also be used to detect MA as a basis for myocardial ischemia.
  • the MA detection kit of the present invention can also be used together with symptom and physical observation, cTn and ECG measurement indicators, clinical diagnosis of ACS, risk classification of ACS and diagnosis of unstable angina patients, in order to improve the sensitivity of ACS diagnosis. .
  • the albumin in the sample binds more cobalt ions, and the unbound cobalt ions are less.
  • the 0D value should be lower.
  • the difference between the high negative 0D value and the A positive 0D value measured by the prior art kit is small, even higher than the positive sample, resulting in prior art detection.
  • the kit has poor specificity due to the fact that various forms of albumin-based background interfering substances and color developing agents also produce a color reaction and are superimposed on the OD value of unbound cobalt ions.
  • the OD value is mainly related to the unbound cobalt ion, thereby exhibiting a true MA-negative OD value, which is the key to the specific improvement of the kit of the present invention. .
  • MA-positive samples since A cannot bind cobalt ions, there are more unbound cobalt ions. After reacting with the developer, most unbound cobalt ions contribute much larger OD values than background interference substances, by removing white Protein has little effect on the reduction of OD value.
  • the difference in the OD value of the positive expression of MA can be clearly separated, and the specificity of the detection kit and the detection method thereof is improved, and the clinical judgment is satisfied.
  • the kinetic reaction curve of the kit of the present invention is relatively flat (see Fig. 4), and the range of variation of the OD value required by the kit of the present invention and the prior art is different in order to achieve the same MA value change. If the OD value changes by 0.1, the MA value of the kit of the present invention varies by about 15 units, whereas the prior art A unit varies by about 75 units. The change in OD value 0.1 may be caused by background or systematic errors and is not necessarily caused by the inherent differences in the sample itself.
  • the kit of the present invention does not cause the MA value of the sample to be overestimated or underestimated due to the change of the MA value caused by the systematic error, and the result can be measured on a general spectrophotometer, giving the clinician a more realistic MA reference. result.
  • the prior art requires a special expensive biochemical instrument with a strong photo-electric signal to be used because of the small difference in the positive-positive OD value.
  • Large automatic biochemical analyzers in hospitals in China are often placed in the inpatient department, while most of the emergency testing departments are equipped with spectrophotometric colorimeter and small and medium-sized automatic biochemical analyzer.
  • patients with chest pain are emergency patients, and need emergency tests.
  • the kit of the present invention the MA value can be measured in about half an hour to determine myocardial ischemia using conventional equipment.
  • the A detection kit of the invention has a wide use space and can meet the needs of hospitals of all levels.
  • Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of the method of the present invention for detecting MA using an ischemic modified albumin kit.
  • Figure 2 Immunochromatography membrane MA test plate in immunochromatographic membrane ischemic modified albumin test plate kit Schematic diagram of the three-dimensional decomposition structure.
  • Fig. 3 is a schematic exploded perspective view of the immunodiafiltration membrane MA test plate in the immunodiafiltration membrane ischemic modified albumin test plate kit.
  • Fig. 4 is a kinetic curve of the OD value - MA value measured by the kit of the present invention and the prior art method, respectively.
  • Figure 5 is a standard curve established by the centrifugal ultrafiltration ischemic modified albumin assay kit. detailed description
  • Centrifugal ultrafiltration A detection kit consists of cobalt ion solution (CoCl 2 ⁇ 6H 2 0, 50mg/100ml), phosphate buffer (0.1M, pH 7.4), DTT developer (1, 4-Dithiothreitol, SIGMA, 0.5mg/ml) > Centrifugal ultrafiltration tube and microcentrifuge tube Microcon 30 (Millipore).
  • OD value (light path lcm, wavelength 500 nm).
  • the obtained OD value is compared with the standard curve, and the MA value is measured, and the measured value is expressed per milliliter (U/ml). If the patient's A value is above the critical value, it is MA positive, and the measured MA value can be a symptom for the clinician to diagnose myocardial ischemia.
  • centrifugal ultrafiltration MA test kit The process of establishing standard curves, standards, and controls is illustrated by the example of a centrifugal ultrafiltration MA test kit.
  • the composition of the centrifugal ultrafiltration MA detection kit was the same as in Example 1.
  • Calibrators and controls are based on established kinetic curves using EDTA (ethylenediaminetetraacetate) instead of serum or albumin.
  • EDTA ethylenediaminetetraacetate
  • concentrations of unbound cobalt ions there are different concentrations of unbound cobalt ions, so that after reaction with the DTT developer, different colorimetric products can be produced, thus forming a kinetic reaction curve.
  • the EDTA configuration concentration is shown in Table 4 below.
  • Standard / quality control EDTA concentration (mol / L) OD value MA unit standard 1 0.0045 0.305 30 standard 2 0.0041 0.417 40 standard 3 0.0036 0.600 85 standard 4 0.0033 0.701 125 standard 5 0.0029 0.810 175 quality control 1 0.0043 0.351 33 quality control 2 0.0035 0.624 94 QC 3 0.0030 0.795 168
  • Immunomagnetic beads MA detection kit consists of cobalt ion solution (CoCl 2 ⁇ 6H 2 0, lOOmg/lOOml), phosphate buffer (0.1M, ⁇ 7.8), DTT developer (1, 4-Dithiothreitol, SIGMA, l.Omg/ml) and immunomagnetic beads coupled to anti-albumin antibodies.
  • Preparation of immunomagnetic beads Carboxylated polystyrene magnetic microspheres (Shanghai University of Technology) were washed with 6-amino-n-acetic acid (0.025 mol/L, pH 7.2, containing 0.15 mol/L NaCl) and resuspended in PBS. Correct the magnetic bead concentration.
  • the patient's blood is drawn into a common test tube, and after 10 minutes, the agglutinated blood is centrifuged to separate the serum.
  • 100 ⁇ l of serum was added to the corresponding tube, and then a cobalt ion solution of 200 ⁇ l and a phosphate buffer of 200 ⁇ l were added in sequence, and the mixture was incubated at 18-37 ° C for five minutes with a pH of 7.
  • DTT color developer 300 ⁇ 1 add DTT color developer 300 ⁇ 1 and mix it. Use a spectrophotometer to blank. Control (150 ⁇ l phosphate buffer mixed with 450 ⁇ l water) to zero, determine the 0D value of the sample (light path lcm, Wavelength 500nm). The obtained OD value is compared with a standard curve, and the MA value can be measured, and the measured value is expressed in units per milliliter (U/ml).
  • IMA risk factors for heart disease, symptoms and symptoms, ECG, cTn, and IMA markers. If IMA was measured by the prior art Bor-Or D method, 15 patients were positive for A positive, and 6 patients with IMA positive were upgraded using the immunomagnetic beads A test kit of the present invention. However, ACS did not occur in all patients who were excluded from MA negative, indicating that the kit of the present invention greatly enhances specificity compared to the prior art, and can more effectively divide patients into high risk group and low risk group.
  • Example 4 Immunochromatographic membrane MA test plate kit for detection of MA, for diagnosis of unstable angina pectoris
  • the immunochromatographic membrane A test plate kit is composed of an immunochromatographic membrane MA test plate, a cobalt ion solution (CoCl 2 ⁇ 6H 2 0, 400 mg/100 ml), and a phosphate buffer solution (0.15 M, pH 7.0).
  • the structure of the immunochromatographic membrane IMA test plate is shown in Fig. 2:
  • the immunochromatographic membrane MA test plate has a cover plate 217 and a base 218, and the cover plate 217 has two sample insertion holes 213, 214 and two observation windows 215, 216.
  • the immunochromatographic membrane A test strip 201 and the sample albumin content test strip 209 are inlaid and fixed to the base 218 by rigid plastic liners 211, 212, respectively.
  • the immunochromatographic membrane MA test strip 201 has a first sample region 210 corresponding to the first sample well 213, an albumin capture region 202, a color development region 203 and a first absorption pad 204; a sample albumin content test strip There is a second sample zone 219 corresponding to the second sample hole 214, a gold pad 208, a test zone 207 on which the anti-albumin strip 206 is attached, and a second absorbent pad 205.
  • the first sample region 210 on the immunochromatographic membrane A test strip 201 is composed of glass fibers, and the albumin capture region 202 is composed of a nitrocellulose membrane, and a goat anti-human albumin antibody (1.0 mg/ml) is immobilized thereon by spraying at room temperature.
  • the dried and color-developing area 203 is composed of a water-absorbent paper sheet, which is formed by drying a DTT color developing agent (1, 4-Dithiothreitol, SIGMA, 2.5 mg/ml) by spraying at room temperature, and the first absorbent pad 204 is also an absorbent paper sheet. Composition, the above materials are combined and adhered to the first plastic liner 211 and then cut into strips.
  • the second sample region 219 on the sample albumin content test strip 209 is composed of glass fibers
  • the gold pad 208 is a glass fiber containing an anti-albumin gold secondary antibody, which is composed of an anti-albumin gold secondary solution (1.0). Mg/ml) is added dropwise on glass fiber at room temperature, and test area 207 is composed of nitrocellulose membrane.
  • the goat anti-human albumin antibody (1.0 mg/ml) is fixed on the surface by spray drying at room temperature.
  • the absorbent pad 205 is also composed of an absorbent paper sheet, and the above materials are combined and bonded to the second plastic liner 212 of the rigid plastic. It is then cut into strips.
  • the immunochromatographic membrane MA test strip 201 and the sample albumin content test strip 209 are inlaid and fixed on the base 218, and then sealed with the cover plate, and placed in an aluminum foil pouch for use.
  • the procedure for detecting MA for the diagnosis of unstable angina pectoris using the immunochromatographic membrane sputum test kit is as follows: Take 200 ⁇ l of patient blood into a common test tube, then add 200 ⁇ l of cobalt ion solution and 200 ⁇ l of citrate phosphate buffer in sequence. , shake the hook at 18-37 ° C for five minutes, ⁇ ⁇ is 8. 3-5 drops of the mixed solution are dropped on the first sample area 210 through the first sample hole 213, and 3-5 drops of the original whole blood sample are dropped through the second sample hole 214 in the second sample area. On the 219, wait for 15 minutes, and use the reflection optical analyzer to detect through the two observation windows 215 and 216 respectively.
  • the obtained value is compared with the standard curve to obtain the enthalpy and albumin content, and a known MA.
  • the unit (U/ml)/albumin (g/L) standard range is used to compare the patient's MA condition and assist the clinician in diagnosing the patient's symptoms of unstable angina.
  • Example 5 Affinity chromatography MA detection kit detects MA, which is used to determine whether a patient has myocardial ischemia symptoms under exercise test conditions.
  • Affinity chromatography MA detection kit consists of cobalt ion solution (CoCl 2 ⁇ 6H 2 0, 300mg/100ml) phosphate buffer (0.2M, pH 8.0), DTT developer (1, 4-Dithiothreitol, SIGMA, 2.0 mg/ml) and an affinity chromatography column coupled to an anti-albumin antibody.
  • affinity chromatography column Sepharose 4 B (SIGMA company) was washed with 0.05M sodium chloride and water, and then activated with hydrogen bromide (pH 10.5). Filtered with water and finally cooled with 0.1M pH9.5 hydrogencarbonate. The sodium buffer was washed and drained.
  • the goat anti-human albumin antibody (5.0 mg/ml) was dialyzed against water and then pre-cooled to 4 Torr with 0.1 M pH 9.5 sodium bicarbonate buffer, and rapidly added to the newly activated Sepharose 4 B gel, 4 After stirring slowly for 20 h at °C, suction filtration. Wash with 0.2 N formic acid and pH 7.5 Tris-HCl buffer until the effluent has no protein, drain, refrigerate at 4 ° C, and mount with Sepharose 4 B (1.0 X 6.0 CM) coupled to anti-albumin antibody, then pH 7.5 Tris-HCl buffer was equilibrated.
  • the ⁇ ⁇ phosphate buffer and 450 ⁇ ⁇ water were mixed and adjusted to zero, and the OD value (light path lcm, wavelength 500 nm:) of the sample was measured.
  • the MA value can be measured by comparing the obtained OD value with a standard curve, and the measured value is expressed in units per milliliter (U/ml).
  • Example 6 Immunodiafiltration membrane MA test plate kit was used to detect MA, which was applied to the monitoring and diagnosis of intracoronary angioplasty.
  • the immunodiafiltration membrane MA test plate kit consists of an immunodiafiltration membrane MA test plate, a cobalt ion solution (CoCl 2 ⁇ 6H 2 0, 200 mg/100 ml), and a phosphate buffer solution (0.1 M, pH 7.6).
  • the structure of the immunodiafiltration membrane MA test plate is shown in Fig. 3, and has a sample tank 306, a notch plate 305 and a bottom plate 304.
  • the sample well 306 is embedded in the notch 309 of the notch plate 305.
  • the sample well 306 has two injection holes 307 and 308.
  • the upper layer of the first injection hole 307 is a cell filter 310, and the lower layer is fixed with anti-albumin.
  • the immunofiltration membrane 311 of the antibody, the second injection well 308 has only the cell filter 310, and the X-ray is applied to the MA reagent spacer 301 of the first injection hole 307 for detecting unbound cobalt ions and corresponds to the first
  • the albumin developer pad 302 of the two injection holes 308 for detecting the albumin content in the sample is adhered to the absorbent pad 303 and fixed to the bottom plate 304.
  • the upper layer of the first injection hole 307 is a cell filter 310 composed of a glass fiber membrane, and the lower layer of the immunodiafiltration membrane 311 is immobilized with a goat anti-human albumin antibody (1.0 mg/ml) on the nitrocellulose membrane, and is sprayed at room temperature. Dry.
  • a cell filter 310 composed of a glass fiber membrane.
  • the IMA developer pad 301 is formed by DTT color developer (1, 4-Dithiothreitol, SIGMA, 2.0 mg/ml) by spraying at room temperature, and the albumin developer pad 302 is a water-absorbent paper substrate by spraying bromine.
  • the cresol green (SIGMA, 2.0 mg/ml) developer was dried at room temperature, and the two adhered to the absorbent pad 303 made of absorbent paper and fixed to the bottom plate 304.
  • the notch plate 305 is in close contact with the bottom plate 304, and the sample slot 306 is inlaid After being placed in the notch plate 305, it can be placed in a sealed aluminum foil bag for use.
  • Immunoblotting membranes MA test plate kits were used to extract 2 ml of blood samples before coronary angioplasty (PTCA) surgery and 6 hours after deflation of the last balloon.
  • PTCA coronary angioplasty
  • a 200 ⁇ ⁇ patient blood sample was added to a common test tube, and then a cobalt ion solution of 200 ⁇ l and a phosphate buffer solution of 200 ⁇ l were sequentially added to each tube, and shaken at 18-37 ° C for five minutes with a pH of 8.
  • the mixed liquid sample 3 - 5 was added dropwise to the first injection hole 307, and 3-5 drops of the original whole blood were added to the second injection hole 308, and the sample well 306 was removed for 15 minutes.
  • the reflectance optical analyzer performs the test, and the obtained value is compared with the standard curve to obtain a corresponding A unit and albumin content, which is compared with a known A unit (U/ml) / albumin (g/L) standard range. It is possible to know if the patient has myocardial ischemia.
  • Example 7 The detection kit A of the present invention is used in combination with cTn and ECG to rapidly diagnose acute chest pain, cTn positive or ECG shows ST segment elevation or depression, combined with clinical symptoms can be diagnosed as ACS, requiring timely hospitalization; and for chest pain Symptoms, but patients with no diagnostic conclusions on cTn and ECG can be combined with IA kit to detect MA. If A is negative, the risk of myocardial ischemia is small, and patients are allowed to be discharged. If MA positive indicates that the individual has myocardial The risk of ischemia is high and requires early active treatment. Therefore, the use of A for risk stratification can assist the physician in determining the patient's treatment plan as early as possible, without having to wait until 6 hours to determine the cTn or ECG results.

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Description

发明领域
本发明涉及一类检测缺血性修饰白蛋白的试剂盒及其检测方法。 这类试剂盒 是采用白蛋白钴结合试验并在去除白蛋白背景干扰后, 检测未与人白蛋白结合的 钴离子, 所得数值大小可诊断病人是否有心肌缺血症状。 技术背景
急性冠状动脉综合症(Acute Coronary Syndrome,简称 ACS) 是由于急性心 肌缺血导致胸部不适和其他症状的一大类病症,是临床上常见的心脏、血管急症, 也是造成急性死亡的主要原因。 ACS涵盖了一组连续进展的病症, 包括不稳定 性心绞痛(Unstable Angina,简称 UA)、非 ST段升高的心肌梗死(non-ST Segment Elevation Myocardial Infarction, 简称 NSTEMI)、 ST段升高的心肌梗死(简称 STEMI) 和心源性猝死。 ACS 的病理基础是冠状动脉内不稳定斑块形成血栓, 临床上很多患者会发展到心肌梗死 (Myocardial Infarction, 简称 MI), 甚至心脏 猝死, 它是威胁人类生命的主要病症之一。 心肌缺血是 ACS最常见的发病原因, 临床上往往有相当一部分症状隐匿的患者被漏诊而未入院治疗, 这些漏诊患者实 际上是心肌缺血患者, 其死亡危险性比住院病人髙一倍。 心肌缺血的临床表现常 常是模糊而又多样的, 症状可能包括胸痛 (绞痛)、 上腹部和臂部不适、 喘气、 恶心和呕吐。 然而, 这些症状可能难以捉摸且不易识别。
缺血是一种由于代谢变化引起的部分身体缺氧,病因通常是血管狭窄或阻 塞。 最常见的两种缺血形式是心血管型和脑血管型。 心血管型心肌缺血是身体给 心脏的供氧能力下降, 在中国是造成病死第二大最主要的原因, 脑缺血是脑卒中 的预兆, 脑卒中在中国则是第三大死因。 2005年中国心脑血管疾病造成 2, 600, 000死亡, 有超过 30%人群有心血管疾病, 急性冠心病发病率每十年增加 50%。 另外,多达三到四百万中国人将患所谓无临床表现的"无症状心肌缺血"病。
心电图(Electrocardiogram,简称 ECG)对于急性心肌梗死(Acute Myocardial Infarction,简称 AMI)和 UA有较高的特异性。 但灵敏度低于 50%, ACS患者 来急症室就诊时,大约一半 ECG是正常的。心肌肌钙蛋白 [心肌肌钙蛋白 T( Cardiac Troponin T,简称 cTn T)和心肌肌钙蛋白 I (Cardiac Troponin I,简称 cTn I) ], 肌酸激酶同工酶 MB (Creatine Kinase isoenzyme, 简称 CK-MB) 是特异的心肌 标志物, 但仅在不可逆的细胞损害以及细胞膜的完整性被破坏之后, 在血中才会 升高。 短期和可逆的缺血发作, 不会导致这些标志物血中水平升高, 因此, 传统 的检查方法都不能作为诊断心肌缺血的 "金标准", 临床工作者一直在致力于寻 找一种灵敏的心肌缺血的理想生化标志物, 能在 ACS 早期可逆阶段检出, 从而 有助于急性缺血患者的正确诊断和及时治疗。
当从急症患者的血清中寻找生化诊断标志物时,美国 Bar-OrD等(US7, 070, 937, 2006年, US6, 492, 179, 2002年, US6, 475, 743, 2002年, US6,461,875,2002 年, US5,290,519,1994年, US5,227,307,1993年)发现来自几个 ACS (UA或 MI 早期) 患者血清中, 其白蛋白结合外源性钴 (Co2+) 的能力降低, 后来证实这种 白蛋白与心肌缺血密切相关, 这种因心肌缺血而改变的白蛋白, 称之为缺血修饰 白蛋白 (Ischemia Modified Albumin,简称 MA)。 白蛋白钴结合试验(Albumin Cobalt Binding test, 简称 ACB试验)主要用来测定 MA。 MA临床可用于心肌 缺血的诊断, 提高对 ACS诊断的正确性及 ACS危险性分级, 以降低对非缺血病 人的收治率和心血管高危个体的漏诊率, 节省医疗资源。
美国 Bar-Or D (以下简称 Bar-Or D方法)等发明了 MA的快速检测方法 和试剂盒。 该发明的基本原理为: 正常对照组的血清样品中白蛋白以活性形式存 在, 加入过度已知量的钴离子溶液后, 钴离子即可与白蛋白结合, 溶液中未结合 钴离子浓度较低; 而心肌缺血病人的血清样品中含有较多缺血性修饰白'蛋白, 加 入同样浓度钴离子溶液后, 由于 MA与钴离子结合的能力弱, 溶液中存在较高 浓度的未结合钴离子, 未结合钴离子与显色剂发生颜色反应后, 采用分光光度比 色仪在 450-500nm处检测样品吸光度, 所得数据与一已知标准 MA曲线进行对 照, 即可得出 MA值, 其测定值用每毫升单位 (U/ml) 表示。 具体测试步骤如 下: 在被测血清中加入过度已知量的钴离子溶液形成混合液, 摇勾在 18-37°C温 育至少 4-5分钟, 反应 pH7-9较佳;将二硫苏糖醇(1, 4-Ditliiotlireitol,简称 DTT)显 色剂与上述混合液摇匀反应, 随后加入氯化钠溶液, 釆用全自动生化分析仪, 在 450-500nm处检测样品吸光度, 所得 OD值与一个已知标准的 MA动力学曲线 进行对照, 即可得到 A值, 其测定值用每毫升单位 (U/ml) 表示。 虽然 MA的检测在诊断心肌缺血方面具有明显的优势, 但是目前上述已有 技术的缺血性修饰白蛋白的检测方法明显存在下列的不足, 严重影响了临床的进 一步推广使用:
1. 已有技术 A试剂盒及检测方法不能在中小型生化分析仪或分光光度仪上使 用
目前美国 Inverness公司销售的 MA检测试剂盒只能在极少数几种日立和 罗士型号的全自动生化仪上使用, 而这几种型号的全自动生化仪在我国医院中没 有。 一般来说, 只要有上机参数, 生化试剂盒就应能在各个厂牌的全自动生化仪 上使用, 已有技术不能在一般生化仪上使用可能的原因是其 MA试剂盒检测的 IMA阴阳性 OD值没有很明显的差异, 信号太弱需要特别放大。 由于手工分光 光度仪上或中小型生化分析仪不能将微小的光电信号差别进行成千上万倍的有效 放大,不适合使用。而我国医院的急诊化验室一般不配备大型生化分析仪,但 ACS 都为急诊病人, 这为 MA指标在临床快速诊断心肌缺血方面推广使用形成了障 碍。
2. 已有技术 A动力学曲线 OD值很小的变动就可使 1MA值在很大的范围内 变动
根据 Bar-Or D方法 MA动力学曲线, '横座标 OD值从阴性低值到阳性高值 只在小于 0.3范围内变动, 而纵座标 MA值在 200左右单位的大范围内变动, 就是说 OD值轻微变动, 会引起 MA值很大的变化, 这样, IMA阴性高值样品 很容易变成阳性, MA阳性低值样品很可能被高估, 这种变化可能是由系统误 差引起的, 并不一定是由样品本身内在差异所引起, 从而会造成病人缺血性状况 的高估或低估, 会使临床判断造成错误。
3. 已有技术试剂盒及检测方法特异性不高
已有技术试剂盒检测 MA的阳性预测值(Positive Predictive Value, 简称 PPV) 较低, 主要是 A阴性样品 OD值非特异性升高, 当背景干扰足够大时 就可使 MA阴性结果超过临界值变成 MA假阳性, 使得 A的阳性预测值较 低, 某种程度上降低了 MA在临床上的使用价值。
综上所述, 急性冠状动脉综合症病情险恶, MA是早期缺血的理想参考指 标, 但已有技术试剂盒及检测方法上的不足又限止了其进一步推广使用, 因此迫 切需要开发一种检测 A的试剂盒并通过去除背景干扰, 特别是能降低 MA阴 性样品的 OD值从而能提高 MA的特异性; 需要一种不会由于 OD值微小变化 就使 A值产生较大变化的动力学曲线; 需要一种能满足普遍的中小型自动生 化分析仪甚至一般分光光度仪手工检测 MA的试剂盒; 一种床边快速试剂以满 足临床 ACS诊断急切、 简便和正确的需要。 发明内容
本发明提供一类检测缺血性修饰白蛋白的试剂盒及其检测方法。 试剂盒是由 CoCl2 ·6Η20 ( lOmg/lOOml-500 mg/lOOml)的钴离子溶液、 0.05M-0.20M, pH7.0-8.0 的磷酸盐缓冲液、 0.25-3.5mg/ml的 DTT显色剂和分离去除背景干扰物质的装置 或含有 DTT显色剂的分离去除背景干扰物质的装置组成。 分离去除背景干扰物 质的装置可以基于物理或免疫手段。 本发明采用物理性的离心超滤分离或免疫性 的包括免疫层析膜分离、 亲和层析柱分离、 免疫渗滤膜分离或免疫磁珠分离。 装 置采用离心超滤管和配套离心管, 是为离心超滤缺血性修饰白蛋白检测试剂盒; 装置采用固定有抗白蛋白抗体的免疫层析膜 IMA测试板, 是为免疫层析膜缺血 性修饰白蛋白测试板试剂盒; 装置采用与抗白蛋白抗体偶联的亲和层析柱, 是为 亲和层析缺血性修饰白蛋白检测试剂盒; 装置采用固定有抗白蛋白抗体的免疫渗 滤膜 A测试板, 是为免疫渗滤膜缺血性修饰白蛋白测试板试剂盒; 装置采用 与抗白蛋白抗体偶联的免疫磁珠, 是为免疫磁珠缺血性修饰白蛋白检测试剂盒。
本发明一类检测 MA试剂盒及其检测方法的原理基本上与巳有技术 Bar-Or D 方法相同, 为了克服已有技术的不足, 对试剂盒构成和检测方法作了改进, 主要 是在显色反应前将混合液中的各种形式的白蛋白除去并与末结合的钴离子分离, 然后检测分离相中未结合的钴离子, 测得 IMA值, 以诊断病人是否有心肌缺血 症状。
本发明使用检测缺血性修饰白蛋白的试剂盒,检测 MA方法的的步骤如下: (参见图 1 ): ( 1 ) 过度已知量的钴离子溶液, 磷酸盐缓冲液与病人生物样品如 全血、 血清、 血浆、 体液或组织液混合, 在 18-37Ό孵育 5分钟, 成混合液 pH7- 9; (2) 使用离心超滤分离或免疫手段分离从混合液中分离去除背景干扰物质; (3)将 DTT显色剂与分离出的未结合钴离子进行显色反应; (4)采用分光光度 比色或反射光分析测定有色化合物颜色的强度; (5) 所得数据与标准曲线相对 照, 即可得到 IMA值, 以诊断病人是否有心肌缺血症状。
第 1 步所述混合液中包含结合的和未结合的钴离子, 以及所有的自然形式 出现的白蛋白, 白蛋白 -钴复合物和缺血性修饰白蛋白; 混合液中加入磷酸盐缓 冲液, 为了是增强第 3步分离出的未结合钴离子的显色效果。
在第 2步中背景干扰是指 DTT显色剂与混合液中的未结合的钴离子以外的 其它物质也发生了显色反应, 并在分光光度比色分析测定时也会产生一个光密度 值并与未结合的钴离子产生的光密度值叠加, 从而影响了 MA测定的特异性。
将一正常人血清样品作梯度稀释后, 发现空白对照样品的分光光度比色测定 OD值随梯度稀释而降低, 而未作稀释原倍血清的 OD值最高 (见表 1 )。 表 1 空白对照血清样品作梯度稀释后测定的 OD值 No.l No.2 No.3 No.4 No.5 No.6 血清浓度 100% 80% 60% 40% 20% 10% 空白对照样品 OD值 0.183 0.169 0.158 0.157 0.153 0.104 血清中的主要成分为蛋白质, 其中白蛋白最多, 显示各种形式的白蛋白可能 是空白对照产生 OD值的主要原因。 在检测病人样品中包括所有的自然形式出现 的人白蛋白, 白蛋白 -钴复合物和缺血性修饰白蛋白, 因此检测 MA方法中的背 景干扰可能来自血清蛋白特别是各种形式的白蛋白。
检测 MA方法中去除背景干扰物质主要是将混合液中的各种形式的白蛋白 与未结合的钴离子分离, 为未结合的钴离子与 DTT显色剂的颜色生成创造一个 背景干扰较小的环境, 目的是显示未结合钴离子与 DTT显色剂生成一个真实的 颜色强度, 降低 A阴性的 OD值, 提髙 IMA试剂盒及其检测方法的特异性。
本发明检测 MA方法推荐的分离手段可以是物理的或免疫的, 物理的采用 离心超滤分离; 免疫手段就是利用抗原抗体反应的专一性, 采用抗人白蛋白抗体 捕获白蛋白, 从而分离未结合的钴离子。 免疫学去除背景干扰方法有特异性强, 样品用量更少, 成本更低, 操作简便, 更适合应用在床边和家庭个人使用的快速 A试剂盒的开发。 本发明检测 MA方法涉及的抗体所针对的白蛋白位点应不 在自然形式出现的人白蛋白 -N末端, 而应能结合所有的人白蛋白, 这包括所有 的以自然形式出现的人白蛋白, 白蛋白 -钴复合物和缺血性修饰白蛋白, 从而达 到分离白蛋白的目的。 免疫层析膜分离、 亲和层析柱分离、 免疫渗滤膜分离和免 疫磁珠分离都是本发明推荐的手段。
将去除所有各种形式的白蛋白的干扰物质步骤放在混合液形成和显色反应两 步骤之间进行, 就是不让背景干扰物质, 特别是各种形式的白蛋白参与与 DTT 显色剂的反应。
对同一 MA阴性或阳性样品进行白蛋白背景分离前后空白对照 OD值比较, 实验显示分离去除白蛋白背景以后的空白对照 OD值低于未分离去除前的, 证实 经白蛋白分离去除后已排除背景干扰物质,从而使空白对照 OD值降低,见表 2。 白蛋白背景分离后 MA阴性或阳性样品空白对照的 OD值基本相同, 表明样品 显色反应后的测定值仅决定于未结合的钴离子, 特异性提高。 表 2 白蛋白背景分离前后同一 IMA阴性或阳性空白对照样品测定的 OD值比较
ΊΜΑ阴性样品 IMA阳性样品 样品 1 样品 2 样品 3 样品 1 样品 2 样品 3 均值 白蛋白背景分离前 0.183 0.169 0.158 0.157 0.153 0.104 0.114 白蛋白背景分离后 0.058 0.069 0.062 0.058 0.057 0.067 0.062 将一正常人样品作梯度稀释后, 进行白蛋白背景分离前后空白对照 OD值 比较, 实验显示去除白蛋白背景以后, 空白对照 OD值趋于一致, 并没有随梯度 稀释而降低; 而白蛋白背景分离前空白对照 OD值会随着血清浓度的降低而降 低, 证实去除白蛋白背景后已排除背景干扰物质, 可提高 MA试剂盒及其检测 方法的特异性, 见表 3。 表 3 白蛋白背景分离前后同一血清空白对照样品梯度稀释后 OD值比较 血清浓度 100% 80% 60% 40% 20% 10% 均值 白蛋白背景分离前 0.183 0.169 0.158 0.157 0.153 0.104 0.114 白蛋白背景分离后 0.058 0.069 0.062 0.058 0.057 0.067 0.062 按照试剂盒中采用的分离去除背景干扰物质装置的不同, 本发明提供如下 5 种检测缺血性修饰白蛋白的试剂盒:
1. 离心超滤缺血性修饰白蛋白检测试剂盒
离心超滤 MA检测试剂盒由 CoCl2 ·6Η20 50mg/100ml的钴离子溶液、 0.1M, PH7.4的磷酸盐缓冲液、 0.5mg/ml的 DTT显色剂、 离心超滤管和配套离心管组 成。 由过度已知量的钴离子溶液、 磷酸盐缓冲液和病人生物样品一起形成的混合 液通过离心超滤去除白蛋白背景干扰物质, 主要是去除各种形式的白蛋白, 这包 括所有以自然形式出现的人白蛋白, 白蛋白 -钴复合物和缺血性修饰白蛋白。 然 后检测分离相中未结合的钴离子, 所得 MA数值可作为临床医生判断病人是否 有心肌缺血症状的依据。 离心超滤管只按限定的蛋白质分子量大小物理性地分离 混合物, 但对未结合的钴离子是零截留, 选用小于白蛋白分子量 66KD的离心超 滤管, 由于白蛋白的分子量为 66KD, 这样离心超滤后能将绝大部分白蛋白截留, 而分离相中的未结合的钴离子浓度与在混合相中的相等。 使用离心超滤 IMA检 测试剂盒检测 MA的方法步骤参见实施例 1。 考虑到 MA检测试剂盒主要用于 ACS 患者的诊断, 因此整个试验的时间要求最好不超过半小时, 使用离心超滤 技术去除白蛋白具有装置与操作简单, 时间短, 用血量少的优点。 本发明离心超 滤 MA检测试剂盒推荐使用 Microcon (Millipore公司)微量离心超滤管; 依据 白蛋白分子量为 66KD的情况, 我们选用能物理性地将白蛋白分子与血清分离的 MICROCON 30KD离心超滤管 (依据一般超滤的经验, 要将某分子分离干净, 应选用比该分子小一倍的离心超滤管)。
2. 免疫磁珠缺血性修饰白蛋白检测试剂盒
免疫磁珠 A检测试剂盒由 CoCl2 ·6Η20 lOOmg/lOOml的钴离子溶液、 0.1M, pH7.8的磷酸盐缓冲液、 1.0mg/ml的 DTT显色剂、 与抗白蛋白抗体偶联的免疫 磁珠组成。 由过度已知量的钴离子溶液、 磷酸盐缓冲液和病人生物样品一起形成 的混合液, 在显色反应前采用与抗白蛋白抗体偶联的免疫磁珠捕获白蛋白去除背 景干扰物质, 主要是去除各种形式的白蛋白, 这包括所有以自然形式出现的人白 蛋白, 白蛋白 -钴复合物和缺血性修饰白蛋白。 然后检测分离相中未结合的钴离 子, 所得 A数值可为临床医生诊断病人是否有心肌缺血症状的依据。 免疫磁 珠 A检测试剂盒检测 MA的方法步骤参见实施例 3。
3.亲和层析缺血性修饰白蛋白检测试剂盒
亲和层析 A检测试剂盒由 CoCl2 ·6Η20 300mg/100ml的钴离子溶液、 0.2M, pH8.0的磷酸盐缓冲液、 2.0mg/ml的 DTT显色剂、 与抗白蛋白抗体偶联的亲和 层析柱组成。 由过度已知量的钴离子溶液、 磷酸盐缓冲液和病人生物样品一起形 成的混合液, 在显色反应前采用与抗白蛋白抗体偶联的亲和层柱去除背景干扰物 质, 主要是去除各种形式的白蛋白, 这包括所有以自然形式出现的人白蛋白, 白 蛋白 -钴复合物和缺血性修饰白蛋白。 然后检测分离相中未结合的钴离子, 所得 MA数值可作为临床医生判断病人是否有心肌缺血症状的依据。 亲和层析 MA 检测试剂盒检测 MA的方法步骤参见实施例 5。
4. 免疫层析膜缺血性修饰白蛋白测试板试剂盒
免疫层析膜 MA测试板试剂盒由 CoCl2 · 6H20 400mg/100ml的钴离子溶液、 0.15M, pH7.0的磷酸盐缓冲液、 免疫层析膜 MA测试板组成。 免疫层析膜 MA 测试板的立体分解结构示意图见图 2, 免疫层析膜 MA测试板有盖板和底座, 盖板上有二个加样孔和二个观察窗, 底座上有免疫层析膜 MA测试条和样品白 蛋白含量测试条, 它们的底部分别粘附于硬质塑料衬垫并固定在底座上, 免疫层 析膜 MA测试条上有与第一加样孔相对应的第一样品区、 白蛋白捕获区、 显色 区和第一吸收垫; 样品白蛋白含量测试条上有与第二加样孔相对应的第二样品 区、 金胶垫、 测试区和第二吸收垫。
由过度已知量的钴离子溶液、 磷酸盐缓冲液和病人生物样品一起形成的混合 液通过第一加样孔滴在第一样品区上, 混合液由第一样品区向前移动进入白蛋白 捕获区, 通过免疫层析膜上固定的抗体去除背景干扰物质白蛋白后, 进入 DTT (2.5mg/ml) 显色区, 根据颜色强度可反映出未结合钴离子的量, 所得 A数 值可作为临床医生判断病人是否有心肌缺血症状的依据。 另外将原倍样品滴在第 二加样孔中, 原倍样品由第二样品区向前移动, 通过金胶垫与测试区的白蛋白抗 体复合物结合, 随后金胶垫中的金标抗白蛋白抗体向前移动与测试区的白蛋白抗 体复合物结合产生紫红色, 紫红色的深浅程度与样品中的白蛋白含量成正比, 即 可测得白蛋白含量, 该数值可用来校准可能发生的因白蛋白含量过高或过低时引 起的 MA判断的不正确性。 免疫层析膜 MA测试板试剂盒检测 MA的方法步 骤参见实施例 4。
5. 免疫渗滤膜缺血性修饰白蛋白测试板试剂盒
免疫渗滤膜缺血性修饰白蛋白测试板试剂盒是由 CoCl2 · 6H20 200mg/100ml 的钴离子溶液、 0.1M, pH7.6的磷酸盐缓冲液、 免疫渗滤膜 IMA测试板组成。 免 疫渗滤膜 A测试板的立体分解结构示意图见图 3, 免疫渗滤膜 MA测试板有 样品槽、槽口板和底板,样品槽镶嵌在槽口板的槽口中,样品槽上有二个进样孔: 第一进样孔孔中上层是细胞过滤器, 下层是固定着抗白蛋白抗体的免疫渗滤膜; 第二进样孔孔中只有细胞过滤器。 对应于第一进样孔的用于检测未结合钴离子的 第一显色剂 (DTT, 2.0mg ml) 垫, 和对应于第二进加样孔的用于检测样品中的 白蛋白含量的第二显色剂 (溴甲酚绿, 2.0mg/ml ) 垫都粘附于吸收垫上, 并固 定于底板上。
由过度已知量的钴离子溶液, 磷酸盐缓冲液和病人生物样品一起形成的混合 液滴入第一进样孔中, 当混合液通过孔中上层细胞过滤器时, 滤掉各种血细胞, 如红细胞, 白细胞和各种血小板等, 接着通过下层固定着抗白蛋白抗体的免疫渗 滤膜去除白蛋白背景干扰物质, 包括所有以自然形式出现的人白蛋白, 白蛋白- 钴复合物和缺血性修饰白蛋白, 分离出的未结合的钴离子通过渗滤向下到达第一 显色剂垫上形成有色化合物, 颜色强度可反映出未结合钴离子的量, 测得 MA 值, 所得 IMA数值可为临床医生诊断病人是否有心肌缺血症状。 另外将原倍病 人样品滴入第二进样孔中过滤除去各种血细胞, 再向下到达第二显色剂垫上, 样 品中的白蛋白与显色剂反应形成有色化合物, 颜色强度反映出样品中的白蛋白含 量, 测得白蛋白含量, 该数值可用来校准可能发生的因白蛋白含量过高或过低时 引起的 MA判断的不正确性。 免疫渗滤膜 A测试板试剂盒检测 MA的方法 步骤参见实施例 6。
使用本发明一类 A检测试剂盒检测 MA时, 病人样品最好用无溶血血清 或静脉全血。 用户应使用试剂盒附件提供的校准品建立标准曲线, 并使用质控品 用于日常的质量控制。 用户可在各种类型的分光光度比色仪、 反射光分析仪或大 中小型全自动生化仪上将本发明 MA检测试剂盒所测得的校准品数据为横坐 标, 依据 IMA校准品上标示的 A单位为纵坐标, 使用统计软件就可绘制每种 试剂盒的标准曲线, 用于病人样品的 A结果的计算和判断; IMA检测试剂盒 附件提供的质控品用于日常 A检测的质量控制, MA质控品分为低、 中和髙 值三种, 其标示的 IMA数值是一个范围, 只要用户应用本发明试剂盒所测得数 值在该质控品所标示的范围内, 就说明整个检测操作正常。用户可在日常的 MA 检测工作中附带检测质控品, 可用来考核所得数据是否在允许的误差范围内。
早期胸痛半数以上的患者无明显症状和体征, 心肌损伤标志物多为阴性, ECG无显著变化, 处于 ACS诊断的 "灰带"。 而 MA与传统的心肌坏死指标 不同, 在缺血发作后 5— lOmin血中浓度即可升高, 而不需发生心肌细胞的不可 逆损伤, 因此用本发明试剂盒来检测 MA特异性高, 提高了阳性预测值。 临床 也可用来对病人进行 ACS危险性分级, 可用作早期诊断心肌缺血的重要依据。
临床对不稳定心绞痛病人诊断是否存在急性心肌缺血, 则 A检测更能作 为重要的依据, 可早期进行治疗, 改善病人的愈后状况和减少死亡率。
临床判断病人在运动试验状态下是否发生心肌缺血症状, 则可利用本发明 A捡测试剂盒灵敏特异的优点, 对运动试验前后病人的血液样品进行检测, 目的是通过观察 A指标上升幅度的大小作为重要依据, 甄别病人在实施运动 试验期间是否存在心肌缺血症状;
冠状动脉腔内成形术 (简称 PTCA) , 是一种已经成熟并有治疗效果的治疗 方法, 但冠心病人术后效果不好或几个月后可能再发生狭窄, 这可通过特异性髙 和灵敏度更佳的 MA检测试剂盒来检测 IMA, 以满足临床在监控血管成形术过 程中对 IMA指标的需要。
对中风病人的诊断也可应用本发明 MA试剂盒检测 MA作为心肌缺血的依 据。
本发明 MA检测试剂盒还可以联合症状和体征观察、 cTn和 ECG等测定指 标一起使用, 在临床上进行 ACS的诊断, ACS的危险性分级及不稳定心绞痛病 人的诊断, 以提高 ACS诊断的灵敏度。
本发明一类检测缺血性修饰白蛋白的试剂盒及其检测方法的优点:
1.提高了检测的特异性
对于 A阴性样品, 样品中的白蛋白结合了较多的钴离子, 未结合的钴离 子较少, 与显色剂反应后, 0D值本应较低。 但已有技术试剂盒测得的偏高的阴 性 0D值与 A阳性 0D值差值较小, 甚至高于阳性样品, 导致已有技术检测 方法的试剂盒特异性差, 这是因为以各种形式白蛋白为主的背景干扰物质与显色 剂也产生显色反应并与未结合的钴离子的 OD值叠加所致。 本发明试剂盒及其检 测方法中通过去除白蛋白背景干扰物质, 使 OD值主要与未结合的钴离子相关, 从而显示出真实的 MA阴性 OD值, 这是本发明试剂盒特异性提高的关键。 而 对于 MA阳性样品, 由于 A不能结合钴离子, 未结合的钴离子较多, 与显色 剂反应后, 多数未结合的钴离子贡献了比背景干扰物质大得多的 OD值, 通过去 除白蛋白, 对 OD值降低的影响不大。 这样 MA阴阳性的 OD值差距就可明显 分开, 提高了检测试剂盒及其检测方法的特异性, 满足临床判断的需要。
2.有较平坦的动力学反应曲线
本发明试剂盒的动力学反应曲线比较平坦(见图 4), 为取得同样 MA值变 化,本发明试剂盒和已有技术所要求 OD值变化范围是不同的。如 OD值变化 0.1, 本发明试剂盒 MA值变化约为 15单位, 而已有技术 A单位变化较大约为 75 单位。 而 OD值 0.1变化可能是由背景或系统误差引起的, 并不一定是由样品本 身内在差异所引起。 因此本发明试剂盒不会将由系统误差造成 MA值变化导致 被测样品 MA病情高估或低估, 并其结果能在一般的分光光度仪上就能测出, 给临床医生一个更真实的 MA参考结果。
3.适宜在分光光度比色仪和中小型全自动生化分析仪上使用
已有技术由于阴阳性 OD值差异小, 要求配备特殊的价格昂贵的具有很强光 电信号的生化仪器才能使用。 我国医院的大型全自动生化分析仪往往放在住院 部, 而急诊检测科配备的绝大部分是分光光度比色仪和中小型全自动生化分析 仪。 一般来讲胸痛患者都是急诊病人, 需要急诊化验, 采用本发明试剂盒, 利用 现有常规设备, 在半小时左右就能测得 MA值来判断心肌缺血的情况。 本发明 A检测试剂盒有广阔的使用空间, 可满足各层次医院的需要。
4.特别适合床边快速检测试剂盒的开发, 且试剂盒中需要的抗体原料来源 广, 成本低, 使用方便, 是一个很有开发前景的产品。 附图说明
图 1本发明使用检测缺血性修饰白蛋白试剂盒检测 MA方法的示意图。 图 2免疫层析膜缺血性修饰白蛋白测试板试剂盒中免疫层析膜 MA测试板 的立体分解结构示意图。
图 3免疫渗滤膜缺血性修饰白蛋白测试板试剂盒中免疫渗滤膜 MA测试板 的立体分解结构示意图。
图 4本发明试剂盒与已有技术方法分别测得的 OD值 -MA值的动力学曲线 图。
图 5离心超滤缺血性修饰白蛋白检测试剂盒建立的标准曲线图。 具体实施方式
实施例 1 离心超滤 A检测试剂盒检测 IMA
离心超滤 A检测试剂盒由钴离子溶液 (CoCl2 · 6H20, 50mg/100ml)、 磷酸盐缓冲液 (0.1M, pH 7.4)、 DTT显色剂 (1, 4-Dithiothreitol, SIGMA公司, 0.5mg/ml)> 离心超滤管和配套离心管 Microcon 30(Millipore公司)组成。
将离心超滤管插入配套离心管中, 取 100 μ ΐ被测血清加入离心超滤管中, 再加入 200 μ ΐ钴离子溶液和 200 μ ΐ磷酸盐缓冲液, 盖紧上盖摇匀, 18-37'C孵育 五分钟,ρΗ为 7.5。 10,000 G离心 15分钟, 离心超滤除去混合物中的白蛋白背景 干扰物质。 取滤出液 150 μ ΐ加入试管中再加入 DTT显色剂 450 μ ΐ混匀, 采用分 光光度比色仪以空白对照 (150 μ 1磷酸缓冲液和 450 μ 1水混合) 调零测定样品 的 OD值 (光径 lcm, 波长 500nm)。 所得 OD值与标准曲线进行对照, 即可测得 MA值,其测定值用每毫升(U/ml)表示。如病人的 A值高于临界值就为 MA 阳性, 测得的 MA值可为临床医生诊断心肌缺血的症状。
实施例 2 离心超滤 MA检测试剂盒的标准曲线、 校准品和质控品的建立
以离心超滤 MA检测试剂盒为例说明建立标准曲线、 标准品和质控品的过 程。 离心超滤 MA检测试剂盒的组成与实施例 1相同。
30例心肌缺血阳性样品选自 CK-MB、 cTn阳性或 ECG ST波段波动的急性 胸痛急诊病人, 100例正常人阴性样品选自不大于 50岁, 无糖尿病, 高血压, 高血脂, 髙胆固醇。 血液被抽入普通试管中, 十分钟后, 将凝集的血液离心分离 血清。 测试步骤参见实施例 1。 A阴性对照组平均 OD值为 0.556±0.051, A 阳性对照组平均 OD值为 0.803±0.127, MA在正常人群中呈正态分布, 范围 (42-78 U/ml), 第 95百分位数定为 75 U/ml。 所得数据作回归分析绘制标准动 力学曲线 (见图 5), 并得到回归方程 Y=409.24x2-160.75x+28.682。
校准品和质控品是以已建立的动力学曲线为依据,使用 EDTA( 乙二胺四乙 酸)替代血清或白蛋白。 当恒量己知浓度的钴离子加入到 EDTA 中, 就会有不同 浓度未结合的钴离子, 因此与 DTT显色剂反应后就可产生不同可比色的产物, 这样就可形成动力学反应曲线。 EDTA配置浓度见下表 4。
表 4
标准 /质控品 EDTA浓度(mol/L) OD值 MA单位 标 1 0.0045 0.305 30 标 2 0.0041 0.417 40 标 3 0.0036 0.600 85 标 4 0.0033 0.701 125 标 5 0.0029 0.810 175 质控 1 0.0043 0.351 33 质控 2 0.0035 0.624 94 质控 3 0.0030 0.795 168 实施例 3 免疫磁珠 IMA检测试剂盒检测 MA, 应用于对 ACS的诊断及 ACS 危险性的分级
免疫磁珠 MA检测试剂盒由钴离子溶液(CoCl2 · 6H20, lOOmg/lOOml), 磷酸盐缓冲液(0.1M, ρΗ 7.8)、 DTT显色剂 (1, 4-Dithiothreitol, SIGMA公司, l.Omg/ml)和与抗白蛋白抗体偶联的免疫磁珠组成。 免疫磁珠制备: 羧化聚苯乙 烯磁性微球(上海理工大学)用 6-氨基正乙酸(0.025mol/L , pH7.2,含 O.15mol/L NaCl) 洗涤后, 用 PBS 重新悬浮, 校正磁珠浓度。 取磁珠悬液加碳化二亚胺, 37 °C摇 15min, 用 PBS 洗涤制成悬液, 加羊抗人白蛋白抗体 (SIGMA 公 司, 2.0mg/ml), 37°C摇床摇 3h, pH7.6, PB溶液复悬, 4°C冷藏备用。
病人血液被抽入普通试管中, 十分钟后将凝集的血液离心分离血清。 取 100 μ 1血清加入到相应的试管中,再按序加入钴离子溶液 200 μ 1和磷酸盐缓冲液 200 μ 1, 摇勾 18-37°C孵育五分钟, pH为 7。 再加入 500 μ 1免疫磁珠, 摇匀 18-37 °C 孵育五分钟。 然后在试管底部放上一块磁铁, 待免疫磁珠沉入管底后, 取上清液 300 μ 1加入试管中, 再加入 DTT显色剂 300 μ 1混匀, 采用分光光度比色仪以空 白对照(150 μ 1磷酸缓冲液和 450 μ 1水混合)调零,测定样品的 0D值 (光径 lcm, 波长 500nm)。 所得 OD值与标准曲线进行对照, 即可测得 MA值, 其测定值用 每毫升单位 (U/ml) 表示。
根据心脏病危险因素, 症状和体症、 ECG、 cTn和 IMA标志物, 对 251名 ACS低危人群进行危险分层。 如采用已有技术美国 Bor-Or D方法测的 IMA, 则 有 15 名患者 A阳性被升级, 而釆用本发明免疫磁珠 A检测试剂盒测的 ΊΜΑ, 则有 6名患者 IMA阳性被升级, 而所有排除为 MA阴性患者均未发生 ACS, 显示本发明试剂盒相对于已有技术大大提髙了特异性, 可以更加有效地将 患者分成高风险组和低风险组。
实施例 4 免疫层析膜 MA测试板试剂盒检测 MA, 应用于不稳定心绞痛的诊 断
免疫层析膜 A测试板试剂盒是由免疫层析膜 MA测试板、 钴离子溶液 (CoCl2 · 6H20, 400mg/100ml)、 磷酸盐缓冲液 ( 0.15M, pH7.0) 组成。 免疫层 析膜 IMA测试板的结构如图 2所示: 免疫层析膜 MA测试板有盖板 217和底座 218, 盖板 217上有二个加样孔 213、 214和二个观察窗 215、 216。 免疫层析膜 A测试条 201和样品白蛋白含量测试条 209分别通过硬质塑料衬垫 211、 212 镶嵌固定在底座 218上。 免疫层析膜 MA测试条 201上有与第一加样孔 213相 对应的第一样品区 210、 白蛋白捕获区 202, 显色区 203和第一吸收垫 204; 样 品白蛋白含量测试条 209上有与第二加样孔 214相对应的第二样品区 219、 金胶 垫 208、 上面固定着抗白蛋白条带 206的测试区 207和第二吸收垫 205。
免疫层析膜 A测试条 201上的第一样品区 210由玻璃纤维组成、 白蛋白 捕获区 202 由硝酸纤维膜组成, 上面固定着羊抗人白蛋白抗体 (1.0mg/ml)通过 喷涂常温干燥而成、 显色区 203 是吸水纸片组成, 由 DTT显色剂 (1, 4- Dithiothreitol, SIGMA公司, 2.5mg/ml)通过喷涂常温干燥而成、第一吸收垫 204 也是吸水纸片组成, 上述材料经组合后粘贴在硬质塑料第一衬垫 211 上然后剪 切成条状。 样品白蛋白含量测试条 209上的第二样品区 219 由玻璃纤维组成、 金胶垫 208 是内含抗白蛋白金接物二抗的玻璃纤维, 由抗白蛋白金接物二抗溶 液(1.0mg/ml)滴加在玻璃纤维上常温干燥而成、测试区 207是硝酸纤维膜组成, 上面固定着羊抗人白蛋白抗体 (1.0mg/ml) 通过线条式喷涂常温干燥而成、 第二 吸收垫 205也是吸水纸片组成, 上述材料经组合后粘贴在硬质塑料第二衬垫 212 上然后剪切成条状。将免疫层析膜 MA测试条 201和样品白蛋白含量测试条 209 镶嵌固定在底座 218上, 然后与盖板密封, 装入铝箔袋中备用。
使用免疫层析膜 ΓΜΑ检测试剂盒检测 MA以诊断病人不稳定心绞痛症状 步骤如下: 取 200 μ 1病人血液加入普通试管中, 然后按序加入 200 μ 1钴离子溶 液和 200 μ ΐ磷酸盐缓冲液, 摇勾 18-37°C孵育五分钟, ρΗ为 8。 将混合液 3-5滴 通过第一加样孔 213滴加在第一样品区 210上, 同时将原倍全血样品 3-5滴通过 第二加样孔 214滴加在第二样品区 219上, 稍等 15分钟, 可以使用反射光学分 析仪分别通过二个观测窗 215、 216检测, 所得数值与标准曲线进行比较, 就可 得出 ΜΑ值和白蛋白的含量, 与一个已知 MA单位 (U/ml) /白蛋白 (g/L)标 准范围相比较就可知道病人的 MA情况, 辅助临床医生诊断病人不稳定心绞痛 症状。
使用免疫层析膜 A检测试剂盒对 80名不稳定心绞痛患者进行临床检测, 病人就诊时同时釆血测定 A和 cTn。 试验中 cTn阳性率为 19%, 而 MA阳性 率达 75%, 特异性为 87%。 而采用已有技术 Bar-Or D方法检测同样样品, 测得 IMA阳性率达 85%, 特异性为 45%。 表明本发明 IMA检测试剂盒使急诊或床边 快速辅助诊断不稳定心绞痛症状的准确度大大提高。
实施例 5 亲和层析 MA检测试剂盒检测 MA, 应用于判断病人在运动 试验状态下是否发生心肌缺血症状
亲和层析 MA检测试剂盒由钴离子溶液(CoCl2 · 6H20, 300mg/100ml) 磷酸盐缓冲液 (0.2M, pH 8.0)、 DTT显色剂 (1, 4-Dithiothreitol, SIGMA公司, 2.0mg/ml)和与抗白蛋白抗体偶联的亲和层析柱组成。亲和层析柱制备: Sepharose 4 B (SIGMA公司)经 0.05M氯化钠和水冲洗抽干后用溴化氢 (pH10.5) 活化, 抽滤水洗最后用冷 0.1M pH9.5碳酸氢钠缓冲液洗后抽干。 取羊抗人白蛋白抗体 (5.0mg/ml) 经水透析后用 0.1M pH9.5碳酸氢钠缓冲液透析平衡预冷至 4Ό后, 迅速加入刚活化了的 Sepharose 4 B凝胶中, 4°C缓慢搅拌 20h后抽滤。 用 0.2 N 甲酸和 pH7.5Tris-盐酸缓冲液清洗到流出液无蛋白为止, 抽干, 4°C冷藏, 用与 抗白蛋白抗体偶联的 Sepharose 4 B装柱(1.0 X 6.0 CM), 然后 pH7.5Tris-盐酸缓 冲液平衡备用。
病人在运动试验前和刚结束情况下各抽一次血样置入试管中, 十分钟后, 将凝集的血液离心分离血清。 取 500 μ ΐ血清分别加入到相应的试管中, 然后每 管按序加入 1, ΟΟΟ μ Ι钴离子溶液和 1, ΟΟΟ μ Ι磷酸盐缓冲液, 摇勾 18-37Ό孵 育五分钟, ρΗ为 9。 混合液逐滴加入亲和层析柱中, 待柱中液体流完后取 150 μ 1分离液加入试管中, 然后加入 DTT显色剂 450μ 1混匀, 分光光度比色计以空 白对照 ( 150 μ ΐ磷酸盐缓冲液和 450 μ ΐ水混合)调零, 测定样品的 OD值 (光径 lcm, 波长 500nm:)。 所得 OD值与标准曲线进行对照即可测得 MA值, 其测定 值用每毫升单位 (U/ml)表示。
对 30名不稳定心绞痛患者在病情相对稳定后做低负荷运动试验, 检测结果 21个病人出现 MA数值上升, 为心肌缺血证据之一, 表示今后发生心脏事件的 危险性较大, 属高危患者, 应积极治疗, 其中 1名为假阳性; 而采用已有技术美 国 Bar-Or D方法作同一批样品检测, 则有 90%病人出现 MA数值上升, 其中 7 名为假阳性。 表明本发明检测 MA试剂盒检测的准确性大于已有技术的方法。
实施例 6免疫渗滤膜 MA测试板试剂盒检测 MA, 应用于对冠状动脉腔内 成形术后监控诊断。
免疫渗滤膜 MA测试板试剂盒由免疫渗滤膜 MA测试板、 钴离子溶液 (CoCl2 · 6H20, 200mg/100ml)、 磷酸盐缓冲液 (0.1M, pH 7.6) 组成。 免疫渗 滤膜 MA测试板的结构如图 3所示, 有样品槽 306, 槽口板 305和底板 304。 样品 槽 306镶嵌在槽口板 305的槽口 309中, 样品槽 306上有二个进样孔 307和 308, 第一进样孔 307内上层是细胞过滤器 310, 下层是固定着抗白蛋白抗体的免疫渗滤 膜 311, 第二进样孔 308内只有细胞过滤器 310, X寸应于第一进样孔 307的用于检 测未结合钴离子的 MA显色剂垫 301和对应于第二进样孔 308的用于检测样品中 白蛋白含量的白蛋白显色剂垫 302粘附于吸收垫 303并固定在底板 304上。
第一进样孔 307 内上层是由玻璃纤维膜组成的细胞过滤器 310, 下层免疫渗 滤膜 311是由硝酸纤维薄膜上面固定着羊抗人白蛋白抗体 (1.0mg/ml), 通过喷涂常 温干燥而成。 第二进样孔 308 内是由玻璃纤维膜组成的细胞过滤器 310。 IMA显 色剂垫 301 由 DTT显色剂 (1, 4-Dithiothreitol, SIGMA公司, 2.0mg/ml)通过喷 涂常温干燥而成, 白蛋白显色剂垫 302 是吸水纸片基材, 通过喷涂溴甲酚绿 (SIGMA公司, 2.0mg/ml)显色剂常温干燥而成, 两者粘附于吸水纸做成的吸收 垫 303上, 并固定在底板 304上。 将槽口板 305与底板 304密合, 样品槽 306镶嵌 在槽口板 305中后就可装入密封铝箔袋中备用。
使用免疫渗滤膜 MA测试板试剂盒在冠状动脉腔内成形术 (PTCA)手术前和 在最后一个球囊放气后 6小时各抽取血样 2ml检测 A。
取 200 μ ΐ病人血样加入普通试管中, 然后每管中按序加入钴离子溶液 200 μ 1和磷酸盐缓冲液 200 μ 1, 摇匀 18-37°C孵育五分钟, pH为 8。 将混合液样品 3- 5滴滴加入第一进样孔 307中, 同时将原倍全血 3-5滴滴加入第二进样孔 308中, 稍等 15分钟, 移去样品槽 306, 使用反射光学分析仪进行检测, 所得数值与标准 曲线比较, 就可得到一个相应的 A单位和白蛋白含量, 与一个已知 A单位 (U/ml) /白蛋白(g/L)标准范围相比较就可知道病人是否存在心肌缺血的情况。
对 21个病人的样品进行检测,其中 16例样品显示:与球囊胀气过程中的 MA 测量值相比均有下降, 临床医生可将 MA下降作为术后症状有改善证据之一, 其中 1名假阳性; 而采用已有技术 Bar-Or D方法作同一批样品检测, 其中 19例 样品显示有下降, 其中 4名为假阳性。
实施例 7本发明检测 A试剂盒与 cTn、 ECG联合使用快速诊断急性胸痛病症 cTn阳性或 ECG显示 ST段抬高或压低的患者结合临床症状可诊断为 ACS, 需要及时住院治疗; 而对于具有胸痛症状, 但 cTn及 ECG均无诊断性结论的患 者, 则可联合使用 I A试剂盒检测 MA, 如 A阴性则认为患者发生心肌缺 血的危险性小, 允许病人出院, 若 MA阳性提示个体发生心肌缺血的危险性大, 需早期积极治疗。 因此, A用于危险分层可辅助医生尽早确定病人的处理方 案, 而不必等到 6h后根据 cTn或 ECG结果才能确定。
使用离心超滤 A检测试剂盒对 50名急性胸痛患者进行临床检测, 以评 定 MA检测的灵敏度。 病人就诊时同时采血测定 ECG、 A (具体测试步骤同 实施例 1 )和 cTn。试验结果显示 cTn阳性率为 10%, ECG阳性率为 30%,而 MA 阳性率达 78%, 确诊率为 90%。

Claims

权利要求
1.一类检测缺血性修饰白蛋白的试剂盒,其特征在于试剂盒是由 CoCl2 * 6H20 10-500mg/100ml钴离子溶液、 0.05-0.20M,pH7.0-8.0磷酸盐缓冲液、0.25-3.5mg/mlDTT 显色剂和分离去除背景干扰物质的装置或含有 DTT显色剂的分离去除背景干扰物质 的装置组成。
2. 按权利要求 1所述的试剂盒, 其特征在于所述分离去除背景干扰物质的装置 采用离心超滤管和配套离心管, 是为离心超滤缺血性修饰白蛋白检测试剂盒。
3.按权利要求 1所述的试剂盒, 其特征在于所述分离去除背景干扰物质的装置 采用与抗白蛋白抗体偶联的亲和层析柱, 是为亲和层析缺血性修饰白蛋白检测试剂
4. 按权利要求 1所述的试剂盒, 其特征在于所述分离去除背景干扰物质的装置 采用与抗白蛋白抗体偶联的免疫磁珠, 是为免疫磁珠缺血性修饰白蛋白检测试剂盒。
5. 按权利要求 1所述的试剂盒, 其特征在于所述含有 DTT显色剂的分离去除 背景干扰物质的装置采用固定有抗白蛋白抗体的免疫层析膜 MA测试板, 是为免疫 层析膜缺血性修饰白蛋白测试板试剂盒, 免疫层析膜 MA测试板的结构如下: 免疫 层析膜 MA测试板有盖板(217)和底座(218), 盖板(217)上有二个加样孔(213、 214)和二个观察窗 (215、 216), 免疫层析膜 A测试条 (201 ) 和样品白蛋白含 量测试条 (209)分别通过硬质塑料衬垫 (211、 212)镶嵌固定在底座 (218) 上, 免疫层析膜 MA测试条(201 )上有与第一加样孔(213)相对应的第一样品区(210)、 白蛋白捕获区 (202), 显色区 (203)和第一吸收垫(204), 样品白蛋白含量测试条
(209) 上有与第二加样孔 (214) 相对应的第二样品区 (219)、 金胶垫 (208)、 上 面固定着抗白蛋白条带 (206) 的测试区 (207)和第二吸收垫 (205)。
6. 按权利要求 1所述的试剂盒, 其特征在于所述含有 DTT显色剂的分离去除 背景干扰物质的装置采用固定有抗白蛋白抗体的免疫渗滤膜 A测试板, 是为免疫 渗膜滤缺血性修饰白蛋白测试板试剂盒, 免疫渗滤膜 A测试板的结构如下: 有样 品槽 (306), 槽口板 (305)和底板 (304), 样品槽 (306)镶嵌在槽口板 (305) 的 槽口 (309)中, 样品槽 (306)上有二个进样孔 (307)和 (308), 第一进样孔 (307) 内上层是细胞过滤器 (310), 下层是固定着抗白蛋白抗体的免疫渗滤膜 (311 ), 第 二进样孔 (308 ) 内只有细胞过滤器 (310), 对应于第一进样孔 (307) 的用于检测 未结合钴离子的 MA显色剂垫 (301 )和对应于第二进样孔 (308) 的用于检测样品 中白蛋白含量的白蛋白显色剂垫 (302)粘附于吸收垫 (303) 并固定在底板(304) 上。
7.权利要求 1-6中任一权利要求所述试剂盒的检测方法, 其特征在于检测方法 步骤是-
(1)过度已知量的钴离子溶液, 磷酸盐缓冲液与病人生物样品混合, 在 18-37Ό 孵育 5分钟, 成混合液, pH7-9;
(2)使用离心超滤、 免疫磁珠、 亲和层析柱、 免疫层析膜或免疫渗滤膜分离,从 混合液中分离去除背景干扰物质;
(3)将 DTT显色剂与分离出的未结合钴离子进行显色反应;
(4)采用分光光度比色或反射光分析测定有色化合物颜色的强度;
(5)所得数据与标准曲线相对照, 即可得到 MA值。
8. 按权利要求 7所述的检测方法, 其特征在于所述病人生物样品是全血、 血 清、 血浆、 体液或组织液。
9.权利要求 1-6中任一权利要求所述试剂盒的应用, 其特征在于所述试剂盒在 ACS的诊断、 ACS危险性分级、 急性胸痛诊断、 不稳定心绞痛的诊断、 病人在运动 试验状态下心肌缺血症状的诊断、 对冠状动脉内成形术后的监控诊断或中风病的诊 断中检测 A的应用。
10.权利要求 1-6 中任一权利要求所述试剂盒的应用, 其特征在于所述试剂盒 联合 cTn和 ECG测定在 ACS的诊断、 ACS危险性分级、 急性胸痛诊断、 或不稳定 心绞痛的诊断中检测 MA的应用。
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