WO2008069216A1 - ポリオレフィン製微多孔膜 - Google Patents
ポリオレフィン製微多孔膜 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2008069216A1 WO2008069216A1 PCT/JP2007/073422 JP2007073422W WO2008069216A1 WO 2008069216 A1 WO2008069216 A1 WO 2008069216A1 JP 2007073422 W JP2007073422 W JP 2007073422W WO 2008069216 A1 WO2008069216 A1 WO 2008069216A1
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- microporous membrane
- polyolefin
- film
- polyolefin microporous
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J9/00—Working-up of macromolecular substances to porous or cellular articles or materials; After-treatment thereof
- C08J9/22—After-treatment of expandable particles; Forming foamed products
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
- H01M50/40—Separators; Membranes; Diaphragms; Spacing elements inside cells
- H01M50/489—Separators, membranes, diaphragms or spacing elements inside the cells, characterised by their physical properties, e.g. swelling degree, hydrophilicity or shut down properties
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
- C08L23/00—Compositions of homopolymers or copolymers of unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbons having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers
- C08L23/02—Compositions of homopolymers or copolymers of unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbons having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers not modified by chemical after-treatment
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/02—Details
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/052—Li-accumulators
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
- H01M50/40—Separators; Membranes; Diaphragms; Spacing elements inside cells
- H01M50/403—Manufacturing processes of separators, membranes or diaphragms
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
- H01M50/40—Separators; Membranes; Diaphragms; Spacing elements inside cells
- H01M50/409—Separators, membranes or diaphragms characterised by the material
- H01M50/411—Organic material
- H01M50/414—Synthetic resins, e.g. thermoplastics or thermosetting resins
- H01M50/417—Polyolefins
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
- H01M50/40—Separators; Membranes; Diaphragms; Spacing elements inside cells
- H01M50/489—Separators, membranes, diaphragms or spacing elements inside the cells, characterised by their physical properties, e.g. swelling degree, hydrophilicity or shut down properties
- H01M50/491—Porosity
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
- H01M50/40—Separators; Membranes; Diaphragms; Spacing elements inside cells
- H01M50/489—Separators, membranes, diaphragms or spacing elements inside the cells, characterised by their physical properties, e.g. swelling degree, hydrophilicity or shut down properties
- H01M50/494—Tensile strength
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a separation membrane for separation of substances, selective permeation and the like, and a microporous membrane widely used as a separator for electrochemical reaction devices such as alkali, lithium secondary batteries, fuel cells, capacitors, etc.
- the present invention relates to a polyolefin microporous membrane that is suitably used as a lithium ion battery separator.
- Polyolefin microporous membranes are widely used as separators for various substances, selective permeation separation membranes, and separators.
- applications include microfiltration membranes, fuel cell separators, capacitor separators, Or, a functional film base material for filling a functional material into a hole to cause a new function to appear, a battery separator, and the like can be given.
- it is particularly suitably used as a separator for lithium ion batteries widely used in notebook personal computers, mobile phones, digital cameras and the like. The reason is that the mechanical strength of the membrane has the ability to close pores!
- Pore plugging is the ability to ensure battery safety by melting and plugging the hole when the battery is overheated in an overcharged state, etc., and blocking the battery reaction. The lower the temperature, the higher the safety effect!
- the puncture strength and length direction of the separator (machine direction, also referred to as MD hereinafter), width direction (perpendicular to the machine direction)
- the tensile strength in the direction (hereinafter also referred to as TD) needs to have a certain level of strength.
- the separator has excellent heat shrinkability at high temperatures as well as a large pore size in order to increase the battery output and capacity! /, It is necessary to
- the separator's porosity is high, the pore size is large! /, The battery electrical properties are good! /, And so on, but increasing the porosity or increasing the pore size is contrary to the size and strength of the heat shrinkage rate. Have a relationship. Therefore, separators with high porosity and large pore size have good battery electrical characteristics. However, there was a problem that the shrinkage was large or the strength was insufficient at high temperatures in the battery oven test.
- the applicant of the present invention has proposed a method in which a polymer, a filler, and a plasticizer are kneaded and phase-separated in Patent Document 1 and subjected to stretching after extraction.
- a microporous membrane with high porosity and large pore diameter and low heat shrinkage has been proposed, but it is difficult to achieve both low heat shrinkage while exhibiting sufficient strength in all directions by stretching after extraction. It is.
- Patent Document 2 a microporous membrane in Patent Document 2 that is in a specific pore diameter range and has a specified water permeation / air permeation ratio through a specific extraction / stretching process.
- a film that has undergone such an extraction / stretching process has a tendency to increase the heat shrinkage rate, and the water permeation amount / air permeation amount described in this document has increased in recent years.
- electrical characteristics tend to be insufficient.
- Patent Document 3 proposes a microporous membrane with a large pore size using high-molecular-weight polyolefin, but it has reached a microporous membrane with excellent balance, such as high heat resistance and high strength, but with a large pore size. ! /
- Patent Document 4 proposes a microporous membrane having high heat resistance and a large pore diameter, but it is difficult to increase the strength of the membrane with such a production method.
- Patent Document 5 proposes a high-strength microporous membrane by using a specific polyolefin blend.
- low-density polyethylene is blended, it is difficult to fix the heat at high temperatures.
- Patent Document 1 Japanese Patent No. 3258737
- Patent Document 2 Japanese Patent Publication No. 2004-323820
- Patent Document 3 Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 10-258462
- Patent Document 4 Japanese Patent No. 3050021
- Patent Document 5 JP-A-8-34873
- the present invention is highly effective in reducing the properties of conventional polyolefin microporous membranes.
- An object of the present invention is to provide a polyolefin microporous film that has excellent strength and low heat shrinkability while having excellent electrical characteristics with a pore size.
- the present inventors have found that the bubble point, the tensile strength in the length direction and the width direction, and the heat shrinkage rate in the width direction at 130 ° C are within a specific range.
- the present invention has been completed by finding that the prepared microporous membrane made of polyolefin has a large pore diameter and is excellent in strength and low heat shrinkability. That is, the present invention is as follows.
- a battery separator comprising the polyolefin microporous membrane according to any one of the above (1) to (6)! /.
- a nonaqueous electrolyte secondary battery comprising the battery separator according to (7) above.
- the polyolefin microporous membrane of the present invention has a larger pore size than the conventional polyolefin microporous membrane, and has excellent strength and low thermal shrinkage. Therefore, battery characteristics and battery safety can be improved by using the polyolefin microporous membrane of the present invention as a battery separator.
- the present embodiment the best mode for carrying out the present invention (hereinafter also referred to as “the present embodiment”) will be described in detail. It should be noted that the present invention is not limited to the following embodiments and can be implemented with various modifications within the scope of the gist thereof.
- the polyolefin microporous membrane of the present embodiment has a bubble point of IMPa or less, a tensile strength in the length direction and a tensile strength in the width direction of 50 MPa or more, respectively, and heat shrinkage in the width direction at 130 ° C.
- the rate is less than 20%.
- the bubble point of the polyolefin microporous membrane needs to be 1. OMPa or less, preferably 0.8 MPa or less.
- the lower limit of the bubble point is preferably 0. IMPa or more, and more preferably 0.3 MPa or more. 0. If it is less than IMPa, the pores become coarse and the film strength may be lowered.
- This bubble point method is known as a simple method for expressing the maximum pore diameter.
- the ratio of water permeability and gas permeability of the microporous membrane (water permeability / air permeability) ) has a correlation with the average pore size.
- this ratio is 1. 7 X 10- 3 or more.
- Capacity retention ratio becomes Ya immediately battery insufficient permeability is less than 7 X 10- 3 tends to decrease.
- the upper limit specified may not, 2. less than 3 X 10- 3, it is preferable and more preferably in the range of less than 2. 1 X 10- 3. 2.
- the publishing point is 1. OMPa or less and the water permeability / air permeability ratio is in the above range, the average pore diameter balance is excellent, and it is easy to have high strength and low heat shrinkage while maintaining permeability. It is particularly preferable because it brings good performance to the characteristics of recent lithium-ion batteries.
- the polyolefin microporous membrane of the present embodiment has a length direction (MD) and a width direction (TD ) In both directions must be 50 MPa or more, more preferably 70 MPa or more, and even more preferably lOOMPa or more. If the tensile strength is weak (less than 50 MPa), the battery winding performance will be poor, and a short circuit will likely occur due to an external battery impact test or foreign matter in the battery.
- the polyolefin microporous membrane of the present embodiment has a heat shrinkage force in the width direction (TD) at 130 ° C of 20% or less, preferably from the viewpoint of ensuring safety in an oven test or the like. It is 17% or less, more preferably 15% or less.
- the heat shrinkage in the length direction (MD) at 130 ° C is not particularly limited. However, like the width direction, it is preferably 20% or less, more preferably 17% or less from the viewpoint of ensuring safety. More preferably, it is 15% or less
- the polyolefin microporous membrane of the present embodiment preferably contains polypropylene.
- polypropylene By including polypropylene in the microporous membrane, if the heat resistance can be improved, there is a tendency to break even under a high force, a high draw ratio. Furthermore, it becomes easy to adjust the MD and TD tensile elongation, which will be described later, within a suitable range, and as a result, the impact resistance of the obtained battery can be improved and the risk of short circuit can be reduced.
- the content of polypropylene is preferably 1 to 80% by mass, more preferably 2 to 50% by mass, and further preferably 3 to 30% by mass with respect to the polymer material. If it is less than 1% by mass, the effect tends to be difficult to be exhibited, and if it exceeds 80% by mass, the permeability tends to be secured.
- the polyolefin microporous membrane of the present embodiment preferably has 10 to 200% of MD and TD tensile elongation, respectively, and preferably 10 to 150%. 10 to 120% is more preferable.
- the sum of MD tensile elongation and TD tensile elongation is 20 to 250% force S, more preferably 20 to 230% force S, and more preferably 20 to 200% force S.
- a microporous membrane having an MD and TD tensile elongation in the above range is not only good in battery winding properties but also undergoes deformation in the winding body in a battery impact test or the like.
- microporous membrane having an MD and TD tensile elongation in the above range several methods are used. For example, it can be achieved by adjusting the stretching ratio described later and various conditions in the stretching and relaxation operations after extraction. As described above, mixing polypropylene with the polymer is also an effective method.
- the polyolefin microporous membrane of the present embodiment preferably contains an ultrahigh molecular weight polyethylene having a viscosity average molecular weight of 500,000 or more and a polyethylene having a viscosity average molecular weight of less than 500,000.
- the porosity of the polyolefin microporous membrane of the present embodiment is preferably 20% or more from the viewpoint of permeability, and 60% or less from the viewpoint of film strength, withstand voltage, and heat shrinkage. More preferably, it is 25% or more and 60% or less, and further preferably 30% or more and 55% or less.
- the porosity of the polyolefin microporous membrane of the present embodiment is preferably low! /, More preferably! /, But from the viewpoint of balance with thickness and porosity, it is preferably lsec or more, and more preferably Is over 50 seconds. From the viewpoint of permeability, it is preferably lOOOsec or less, more preferably 500 sec or less.
- the thickness of the polyolefin microporous membrane of the present embodiment is preferably 1 m or more, more preferably 5 m or more from the viewpoint of membrane strength. Further, from the viewpoint of permeability, the force S is preferably 50 m or less, and more preferably 30 ⁇ m or less.
- the puncture strength of the polyolefin microporous membrane of the present embodiment is preferably a force S of 0. m or more, more preferably 0. SSN / rn or more.
- the piercing strength is low (less than 0.2N)
- sharp parts such as electrode materials pierce the microporous membrane, and pinholes and cracks are likely to occur. It tends to be easily deformed in impact tests of batteries.
- microporous membrane has the above-mentioned characteristics, there are no limitations on the polymer species, solvent species, extrusion method, stretching method, extraction method, pore opening method, heat setting 'heat treatment method, etc. There is no.
- the method for producing the polyolefin microporous membrane of the present embodiment includes at least polyolefin.
- the method includes a step of heat-setting the film.
- the polyolefin microporous membrane of the present embodiment is obtained, for example, by a method comprising the following steps (a) to (e).
- a polymer material of any one of a polyolefin, a polyolefin mixture, a polyolefin solvent mixture, and a polyolefin kneaded material is dissolved and kneaded.
- the polyolefin used in the present embodiment is a homopolymer of ethylene or propylene, or a copolymer of ethylene, propylene, 1-butene, 4-methyl-1 pentene, 1-hexene and 1-octene, norbornene. Also, it may be a mixture of the above polymers. Of these, polyethylene and copolymers thereof are preferred from the viewpoint of improving the performance of the microporous membrane. Examples of such a polyolefin polymerization catalyst include Ziegler-Natta catalysts, Phillips catalysts, and meta-catacene catalysts. Polyolefin may be obtained by a single-stage polymerization method or a multi-stage polymerization method.
- the composition of the polymer to be supplied is preferably a blend of two or more kinds of polyolefins. This makes it possible to control the fuse temperature and the short-circuit temperature. More preferably, two or more types of polyethylene are blended, including an ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene having a viscosity average molecular weight (Mv) of 500,000 or more and a polyethylene having a viscosity average molecular weight ( ⁇ ) of less than 500,000. Is preferred.
- the polyethylene to be blended is preferably a high-density homopolymer from the viewpoint that heat fixing can be performed at a higher temperature without blocking the pores.
- the viscosity average molecular weight (Mv) of the entire polymer material is preferably 100,000 or more and 1.2 million or less. More preferably, it is 300,000 or more and 800,000 or less. Viscosity average molecular weight (Mv) is 1 If it is less than 0,000, the film resistance at melting may not be sufficient, and if it exceeds 1,200,000, the extrusion process may become difficult, and the heat resistance may be inferior due to slow relaxation of the shrinkage force at the time of melting.
- Blending polypropylene or the like which is a polyolefin having a melting point higher than that of polyethylene, not only increases the heat resistance, but also allows it to be operated at a higher temperature than polyethylene alone in the stretching / relaxation process after extraction. In addition, it is possible to reduce the tensile elongation while maintaining the strength, heat shrinkage rate, and pore diameter of the microporous membrane. Furthermore, the reason is not clear! /, But it is particularly preferred because it has the effect of being difficult to break even at high draw ratios! /.
- additives such as metal stalagmites such as calcium stearate and zinc stearate, ultraviolet absorbers, light stabilizers, antistatic agents, antifogging agents, and coloring pigments may be used in combination. I can do it.
- inorganic agents such as alumina and titania can be added.
- This inorganic agent may be extracted in a part of the whole process, or may be partially extracted or left in the product.
- the plasticizer used in the present embodiment is an organic compound that can form a uniform solution with polyolefin at a temperature below the boiling point, and specifically includes decalin, xylene, dioctolephtalate, dibuty Nolephthalate, stearino-leanoreconole, oleinoleanoreconole, desi-noreanoreconole, nonyl alcoholenore, diphenyletherenole, n-decane, n-dodecane, paraffin oil and the like. Of these, paraffin oil and dioctyl phthalate are preferable.
- the proportion of the plasticizer is not particularly limited! /, But from the viewpoint of the viscosity of 20% by mass or more from the viewpoint of the porosity of the obtained microporous film, it is preferably 90% by mass or less. More preferably, it is 50 mass% or more and 70 mass% or less.
- the extraction solvent used for extraction of the plasticizer is preferably a poor solvent for polyolefin, a good solvent for plasticizer, and a boiling point lower than the melting point of polyolefin.
- extraction solvents include hydrocarbons such as n-hexane and cyclohexane, methylene chloride, 1,1,1 trichloroethane, halogens such as fluorocarbons, and the like. Hydrocarbons, alcohols such as ethanol and isopropanol, and ketones such as acetone and 2-butanone. It selects from these and uses it individually or in mixture.
- These extraction solvents may be regenerated after distillation of the plasticizer and reused.
- the total weight ratio of the plasticizer and the inorganic agent in the total mixture to be melt-kneaded is preferably 20 to 95% by mass from the viewpoint of film permeability and film forming property, and 30 to 80% by mass. Is more preferable.
- an antioxidant to the mixture.
- the concentration of the antioxidant is preferably 0.3% by mass or more, more preferably 0.5% by mass or more, based on the total weight of the polyolefin. Further, 5.0% by mass or less is preferable, and 3.0% by mass or less is more preferable.
- antioxidants which are primary antioxidants, are preferred. 2,6-Di-tert-butyl-4-methylphenol, pentaerythrityl-tetrakis [3- (3, 5— Di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl) propionate], octadecyl-3- (3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl) propionate, and the like. Secondary antioxidants can also be used in combination with tris (2,4 di-t-butylphenol) phosphite, tetrakis (2,4-di-t-butylphenyl) -1,4,4 biphenylene. And phosphorous antioxidants such as diphosphonite, and io antioxidants such as dilauric luthiodipropionate.
- a method of melt kneading and extruding first, a part or all of raw materials are premixed by a Henschel mixer, a ribbon blender, a tumbler blender or the like as necessary. If the amount is small, it may be stirred by hand. Next, all the raw materials are melt-kneaded by a screw extruder such as a single screw extruder or a twin screw extruder, a kneader, a mixer, etc., and extruded from a T die or an annular die.
- a screw extruder such as a single screw extruder or a twin screw extruder, a kneader, a mixer, etc.
- the melt-kneading is preferably carried out in a state where the raw material polymer is mixed with an antioxidant at a predetermined concentration and then replaced with a nitrogen atmosphere and the nitrogen atmosphere is maintained.
- the temperature during melt-kneading is preferably 160 ° C or higher, more preferably 180 ° C or higher. Further, it is preferably less than 300 ° C, more preferably less than 240 ° C, and even more preferably less than 230 ° C.
- the molten material is an unmelted inorganic agent that can be extracted in the inorganic agent extraction step. May be included. Further, the melted and kneaded melt is preferably passed through a screen for improving the film quality.
- the formation of the gel sheet will be described.
- a method for forming the gel sheet it is preferable to solidify the melted, kneaded and extruded melt by compression cooling.
- cooling methods include direct contact with a cooling medium such as cold air or cooling water, contact with a roll cooled with a refrigerant or a press, and contact with a roll or press cooled with a refrigerant.
- Method power Preferable because of excellent thickness control.
- MD-axial stretching using a roll stretching machine TD-axial stretching using a tenter
- sequential biaxial stretching using a roll stretching machine and a tenter or a combination of a tenter and a tenter, simultaneous biaxial tenter or inflation.
- One example is simultaneous biaxial stretching by molding.
- the draw ratio is the total surface magnification, and in order to obtain the desired tensile strength and tensile elongation, 8 times or more is preferred 15 times or more is more preferred 30 times or more is more preferred 40 times or more is particularly preferred preferable.
- simultaneous or sequential biaxial stretching is preferable.
- the total draw ratio of all processes is preferably 50 times or more, more preferably 60 times or more.
- the plasticizer is extracted by dipping or showering in an extraction solvent. Then, it is sufficiently dried.
- a relaxation operation is performed in a predetermined temperature atmosphere and a predetermined relaxation rate.
- the relaxation operation is an operation to reduce the membrane to MD and / or TD.
- the relaxation rate is the value obtained by dividing the MD dimension of the film after the relaxation operation by the MD dimension of the film before the operation, or the value obtained by dividing the TD dimension after the relaxation operation by the TD dimension of the film before the operation, or MD, TD
- the value is the product of the MD relaxation rate and the TD relaxation rate.
- the predetermined relaxation rate is preferably 0.9 or less, more preferably 0.8 or less, from the viewpoint of the heat shrinkage rate. Further, it is preferably 0.6 or more from the viewpoint of preventing wrinkle generation, porosity, and permeability. Relaxation operation is performed in both MD and TD directions.
- the stretching and relaxation operations after the plasticizer extraction are preferably performed in the TD direction.
- the temperature in the stretching operation before the relaxation operation and the relaxation operation is preferably 125 ° C or higher, and at least one of them is preferably 130 ° C or higher. Preferably it is 132 ° C or higher. If the temperature in the stretching process before the relaxation operation and before the relaxation operation is in the above range, when the polyolefin is polyethylene, the stretching and relaxation operation is performed near the melting point, which is larger than the conventional microporous membrane. In addition, a material having a low heat shrinkage rate is easily obtained.
- polypropylene is blended as a polyolefin in addition to polyethylene. It is preferable that
- the polyolefin microporous film of the present embodiment can be subjected to a surface treatment such as electron beam irradiation, plasma irradiation, surfactant coating, or chemical modification.
- the measuring method of the physical property etc. in this specification is as follows.
- Mv was calculated according to the following formula.
- Porosity (volume mass / membrane density) / volume X 100
- the film density was calculated from the material density.
- a Gurley type air permeability meter (G-B2 (trademark), manufactured by Toyo Seiki Co., Ltd.) was used.
- the inner cylinder weight (up to 567 g, diameter 28.6 mm, 645 mm 2 ) was measured for the time required to pass 100 ml of air.
- the air permeation rate constant Rgas was determined from the air permeability (sec) using the following equation. The measurement was performed in a room with a room temperature of 23 ° C.
- a microporous membrane that had been soaked in alcohol in advance was set in a stainless steel liquid-permeable cell having a diameter of 41 mm, and after the alcohol in the membrane was washed with water, water was allowed to permeate at a differential pressure of about 50000 Pa, and 120 seconds had elapsed.
- the water permeability per unit time, unit pressure, and unit area was calculated from the water permeability (cm 3 ) at the time, and this was defined as the water permeability (cm 3 / (cm 2 'sec' Pa)).
- the measurement was performed in a room at room temperature of 23 ° C.
- the permeation rate constant RHq of water was determined by the water permeability (cm 3 / (cm 2 -sec -Pa)) force and the following equation.
- the microporous membrane was fixed with a sample holder having a diameter of 11.3 mm at the opening.
- the center of the fixed microporous membrane is subjected to a piercing test in a 25 ° C atmosphere at a needle radius of curvature of 0.5 mm and a piercing speed of 2 mm / sec. Puncture strength (N / in) was calculated.
- the tensile elongation (%) was obtained by dividing the amount of elongation (mm) up to fracture by the distance between chucks (50 mm) and multiplying by 100.
- the tensile strength (MPa) was obtained by dividing the strength at break by the cross-sectional area of the sample before the test.
- the sum (%) of MD tensile elongation and TD tensile elongation was obtained.
- the measurement is performed at a temperature of 23 ⁇ 2 ° C, chuck pressure of 0.30 MPa, tensile speed of 200 mm / min (50 mm distance between chucks cannot be secured! /, For samples, strain rate of 400% / min). It was.
- MD heat shrinkage rate (%) (100—TD length after force mouth heat) / 100 X
- TD heat shrink rate (%) (100—TD length after force mouth heat) / 100 X
- the slide glass, nickel foil eight, separator, aluminum film, nickel metal foil 8, and glass plate were stacked in this order and fixed with clips.
- thermocouple was connected to the cell and left in the oven. After that, the temperature was raised at a rate of 5 ° C / min, and after reaching 150 ° C, it was held for 1 hour at 150 ° C. The change in impedance at this time was measured with an LCR meter under conditions of AC 10mV and 1kHz. In this measurement, from the time when the impedance was maintained at 150 ° C, A was able to maintain an insulation state of 1000 ⁇ or more for 60 minutes or more, B was retained for 30 minutes or more, and 10 minutes or more was retained. The object was C, the object that could be held for 5 minutes or more was D, and the object that could not be held for 5 minutes was E.
- composition ratio of the prescribed electrolyte was as follows.
- Solute composition ratio LiBF is dissolved in the above solvent to a concentration of lmol / liter.
- a separator using a polyolefin microporous membrane, a strip-like positive electrode, and a strip-like negative electrode were stacked in the order of the strip-like negative electrode, the separator, the strip-like positive electrode, and the separator, and wound in a spiral manner to produce an electrode plate laminate.
- the electrode plate laminate is pressed into a flat plate shape, and then stored in an aluminum container.
- the aluminum lead is led out from the positive electrode current collector, and the nickel lead is led out from the negative electrode current collector. Welded to. Further, the non-aqueous electrolyte described above was poured into the container and sealed.
- the lithium-ion battery produced in this way is vertical (thickness)
- the lithium ion battery assembled as described above was charged with a constant current and constant voltage (CCCV) for 6 hours under the conditions of a current value of 310 mA (0.5 C) and a final battery voltage of 4.2 V. At this time, the current value just before the end of charging was almost zero. After that, leave it at 25 ° C for 1 week (Next, charge it for 3 hours with constant current and constant voltage (CCCV) under the condition of current value 620mA (l.OC) and end battery voltage 4.2V. CC) The battery was discharged at 620 mA to a battery voltage of 3.0 V. The discharge capacity at this time was defined as the initial discharge capacity.
- CCCV constant current and constant voltage
- the obtained polymer mixture was substituted with nitrogen, and then fed to the twin-screw extruder with a feeder in a nitrogen atmosphere.
- the feeder and pump were adjusted so that the liquid paraffin content ratio in the total mixture to be melt-kneaded and extruded was 65% by mass.
- the melt-kneading conditions were a set temperature of 200 ° C, a screw rotation speed of 240 rpm, and a discharge rate of 12 kg / h.
- melt-kneaded product was extruded and cast on a cooling roll controlled at a surface temperature of 25 ° C. through a T-die to obtain a gel sheet having a thickness of 2000 ⁇ m.
- the set stretching conditions were MD magnification 7.0 times, TD magnification 7.0 times, and set temperature 125 ° C.
- the solution was introduced into a methyl ethyl ketone bath and sufficiently immersed in methyl ethyl ketone to extract and remove the fluid paraffin, and then the methyl ethyl ketone was removed by drying.
- Table 1 shows the physical properties of the obtained polyolefin microporous membrane.
- Example 1 The same operation as in Example 1 was performed except that the biaxial stretching temperature was 120 ° C.
- Polyol obtained Table 1 shows the physical properties of the microporous membrane made of fins.
- the original thickness after extrusion is 900
- the biaxial stretching temperature is 122 ° C
- the magnification is 130 ° C '2.0 times
- the temperature and relaxation rate during the subsequent relaxation are 135 °
- Table 1 shows the physical properties of the resulting polyolefin microporous membrane.
- Example 1 The same procedure as in Example 1 was performed, except that a homopolymer polyethylene having an Mv of 500,000 was used for 99% by mass of the pure polymer mixture, and the stretching temperature during heat setting was 125 ° C. Table 1 shows the physical properties of the resulting microporous membrane made of polyolefin.
- Extrusion thickness after extrusion is 1800 111
- biaxial stretching ratio is 5 X 5 times
- biaxial stretching temperature is 115 ° C
- stretching temperature at heat setting 'strength' is 125 ° C 'l.
- the temperature at the time of subsequent relaxation was the same as Example 4 except that the relaxation rate was 131 ° C and 0.70.
- Table 1 shows the physical properties of the resulting microporous polyolefin membrane.
- Example 5 The same operation as in Example 5 was performed except that homopolymer polyethylene having an Mv of 1,200,000 was used and the biaxial stretching temperature was set to 128 ° C. Table 1 shows the physical properties of the resulting polyolefin microporous membrane.
- Example 1 45% by mass of homopolymer polyethylene with 700,000 Mv, 40% by mass of homopolymer polyethylene with ⁇ 300,000, and 15% by mass of polypropylene with Mv 400,000
- the biaxial stretching temperature was 123 ° C.
- Table 1 shows the physical properties of the resulting microporous polyolefin membrane.
- Example 1 shows the physical properties of the resulting microporous polyolefin membrane.
- Example 1 The same procedure as in Example 1 was performed except that the thickness of the genolet sheet was 1600 m, the stretching temperature during heat setting was 125 ° C, and the temperature during subsequent relaxation was 130 ° C. Table 1 shows the physical properties of the polyolefin microporous film obtained.
- Mv is a 30 wt% of polyethylene 2.5 million homopolymer, Myunyu and 25 polyethylene 60 mass 0/0 homopolymers one ten thousand, using polypropylene 10 mass 0/0 ⁇ 40 ten thousand, stretching thermal solid Ordinary ⁇ Performed in the same manner as in Example 4 except that the relaxation temperature was set to 128 ° C and 133 ° C.
- Table 1 shows the physical properties of the obtained polyolefin microporous membrane.
- Example 1 The same procedure as in Example 1 except that the stretching temperature during heat setting was set at 120 ° C and 1.5 times, and the temperature during relaxation after that was set at 125 ° C and 0.80. It was. Table 1 shows the physical properties of the resulting microporous polyolefin membrane.
- Example 2 The same procedure as in Example 2 was performed except that the stretching temperature during heat setting was set at a magnification of 122 ° C. l ⁇ 3 and no relaxation was performed.
- Table 1 shows the physical properties of the obtained polyolefin microporous membrane.
- the feeder and the pump were adjusted so that the liquid paraffin content ratio in the entire mixture melt-kneaded and extruded was 62% by mass.
- the melt-kneading conditions were a set temperature of 200 ° C, a screw rotation speed of 240 rpm, and a discharge rate of 12 kg / h.
- the melt-kneaded product was extruded through a T-die onto a cooling roll controlled at a surface temperature of 25 ° C. and cast at a rolling ratio of 4 to obtain a gel sheet having a thickness of 200 ⁇ 111.
- the obtained sheet was guided to a TD tenter stretching machine, and stretched laterally before extraction at a stretching temperature of 115 ° C and a stretch ratio of 5 times, and then subjected to 10% thermal relaxation.
- the solution was introduced into a methyl ethyl ketone bath and sufficiently immersed in methyl ethyl ketone to extract and remove the fluid paraffin, and then the methyl ethyl ketone was removed by drying.
- the membrane after extraction was guided to a multi-stage roll type longitudinal stretching machine, and stretched after extraction so that the stretching temperature was 110 ° C. and the magnification in the MD direction was doubled to obtain a microporous membrane.
- Table 1 shows the physical properties of the obtained polyolefin microporous membrane.
- the melt kneading conditions were a set temperature of 200 ° C., a screw rotation speed of 240 rpm, and a discharge rate of 12 kg / h.
- melt-kneaded product was extruded and cast on a cooling roll controlled at a surface temperature of 80 ° C. through a T-die to obtain a gel sheet having a thickness of 110 mm.
- microporous membrane From this gel sheet, DOP and fine silica were extracted and removed to obtain a microporous membrane.
- the microporous membrane Two sheets were stacked and stretched 5 times in the longitudinal direction at 110 ° C, then led to a TD tenter and stretched 2 times in the lateral direction at 130 ° C. After that, the TD relaxation rate was set at 0.80 at 130 ° C.
- Table 1 shows the physical properties of the obtained polyolefin microporous membrane.
- the polyolefin microporous membrane of Comparative Example 3 has a TD heat shrinkage rate of more than 20% at 130 ° C, and the pin puncture strength is 0. ZON / m or less. It was inferior in the balance between impact resistance and tear resistance.
- the polyolefin microporous membrane of Comparative Example 4 has a TD tensile strength of less than 50 MPa, and the sum of MD tensile elongation and TD tensile elongation exceeds 250%. On the other hand, the microporous membrane was deformed and was immediately inferior in impact resistance.
- Example 11 Compared with Examples 5 and 7, the polyolefin microporous membrane of Example 11 was blended with polyethylene having an Mv of 500,000 or more, polyethylene with less than 500,000, and polypropylene, and thus was resistant to breakage. Both film properties and impact resistance were excellent.
- the polyolefin microporous membranes of Examples 8 and 9 have a higher polypropylene content than Example 1. Therefore, not only was heat fixation possible at a high temperature, but also the tensile elongation was low, and both the film resistance and the impact resistance were excellent.
- Example 4 Compared with Example 6, the polyolefin microporous membrane of Example 4 had a high total draw ratio and a low bow I tension elongation, and therefore had excellent impact resistance! /.
- the polyolefin microporous membrane of Example 1 has a lower porosity and a lower capacity retention rate compared to Example 10, but has a high strength and a low heat shrinkage rate. Excellent impact resistance.
- the polyolefin microporous membrane of the present embodiment had excellent strength, tensile elongation, and low heat shrinkability while having a large pore diameter. Therefore, by using the polyolefin microporous membrane of the present embodiment for a battery separator, a secondary battery having an excellent balance between battery characteristics and battery safety can be obtained. Industrial applicability
- the present invention relates to a microporous membrane made of polyolefin used for separation of substances, permselective separation membranes, separators, etc., and in particular, industrial applicability as a separator used in lithium ion batteries and the like.
- FIG. 1 A cross-sectional view of a cell used in a measurement test of high-speed thermal film resistance (film resistance).
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- Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
- Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
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Abstract
Description
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CN2007800448887A CN101568575B (zh) | 2006-12-04 | 2007-12-04 | 聚烯烃制微多孔膜 |
KR1020147004735A KR101723275B1 (ko) | 2006-12-04 | 2007-12-04 | 폴리올레핀제 미다공막 |
JP2008548298A JP5586152B2 (ja) | 2006-12-04 | 2007-12-04 | ポリオレフィン製微多孔膜 |
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Cited By (7)
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JP2010202828A (ja) * | 2009-03-05 | 2010-09-16 | Asahi Kasei E-Materials Corp | ポリオレフィン製微多孔膜 |
JP2011116981A (ja) * | 2009-11-06 | 2011-06-16 | Asahi Kasei Chemicals Corp | ポリオレフィン延伸成形体の製造方法 |
JP2013234263A (ja) * | 2012-05-09 | 2013-11-21 | Asahi Kasei E-Materials Corp | ポリオレフィン製微多孔膜及びその製造方法 |
JPWO2014034448A1 (ja) * | 2012-08-29 | 2016-08-08 | 国立大学法人群馬大学 | ポリエチレン製多孔質膜の製造方法およびポリエチレン製多孔質膜 |
JP6741884B1 (ja) * | 2019-03-04 | 2020-08-19 | 旭化成株式会社 | ポリオレフィン微多孔膜 |
WO2020179101A1 (ja) * | 2019-03-04 | 2020-09-10 | 旭化成株式会社 | ポリオレフィン微多孔膜 |
CN112795066A (zh) * | 2019-11-13 | 2021-05-14 | 上海恩捷新材料科技有限公司 | 一种聚烯烃微多孔膜 |
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WO2022002094A1 (zh) * | 2020-07-01 | 2022-01-06 | 华为技术有限公司 | 隔膜及其制造方法、电池、电子设备、移动装置 |
KR20230050646A (ko) | 2021-10-08 | 2023-04-17 | 서가연 | 거치대를 내장한 우산 |
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- 2007-12-04 JP JP2008548298A patent/JP5586152B2/ja active Active
- 2007-12-04 KR KR1020097011438A patent/KR20090088389A/ko not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2007-12-04 WO PCT/JP2007/073422 patent/WO2008069216A1/ja active Application Filing
- 2007-12-04 KR KR1020147004735A patent/KR101723275B1/ko active IP Right Grant
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CN112795066A (zh) * | 2019-11-13 | 2021-05-14 | 上海恩捷新材料科技有限公司 | 一种聚烯烃微多孔膜 |
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CN101568575B (zh) | 2013-06-05 |
JP5586152B2 (ja) | 2014-09-10 |
CN101568575A (zh) | 2009-10-28 |
JPWO2008069216A1 (ja) | 2010-03-18 |
KR20140046029A (ko) | 2014-04-17 |
KR20120032539A (ko) | 2012-04-05 |
KR101723275B1 (ko) | 2017-04-04 |
KR20090088389A (ko) | 2009-08-19 |
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