WO2008032461A1 - Procédé de fabrication d'un détecteur de lumière ou de rayonnement, et détecteur de lumière ou de rayonnement - Google Patents
Procédé de fabrication d'un détecteur de lumière ou de rayonnement, et détecteur de lumière ou de rayonnement Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2008032461A1 WO2008032461A1 PCT/JP2007/058064 JP2007058064W WO2008032461A1 WO 2008032461 A1 WO2008032461 A1 WO 2008032461A1 JP 2007058064 W JP2007058064 W JP 2007058064W WO 2008032461 A1 WO2008032461 A1 WO 2008032461A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- semiconductor
- light
- radiation detector
- substrate
- radiation
- Prior art date
Links
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 107
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 32
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 186
- 239000004065 semiconductor Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 160
- 230000000903 blocking effect Effects 0.000 claims description 51
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 claims description 43
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 32
- 238000007740 vapor deposition Methods 0.000 claims description 27
- 239000003990 capacitor Substances 0.000 claims description 25
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 claims description 25
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 claims description 17
- 238000009751 slip forming Methods 0.000 claims description 14
- 238000005092 sublimation method Methods 0.000 claims description 14
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 229910004613 CdTe Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 229910007709 ZnTe Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910001218 Gallium arsenide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000002285 radioactive effect Effects 0.000 claims 1
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical group [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 47
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 46
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 abstract description 46
- 230000008020 evaporation Effects 0.000 abstract description 5
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 abstract description 5
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 56
- 239000010408 film Substances 0.000 description 20
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 18
- 229910004611 CdZnTe Inorganic materials 0.000 description 10
- 239000011669 selenium Substances 0.000 description 10
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 8
- 238000005240 physical vapour deposition Methods 0.000 description 8
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 7
- 239000010409 thin film Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229910052711 selenium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 230000008022 sublimation Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000000859 sublimation Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000005234 chemical deposition Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000007650 screen-printing Methods 0.000 description 3
- BUGBHKTXTAQXES-UHFFFAOYSA-N Selenium Chemical compound [Se] BUGBHKTXTAQXES-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052785 arsenic Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000002950 deficient Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000000151 deposition Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000008021 deposition Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000005669 field effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910052736 halogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 150000002367 halogens Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 238000005498 polishing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000035945 sensitivity Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000004544 sputter deposition Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000002344 surface layer Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052714 tellurium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 235000010724 Wisteria floribunda Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229910052783 alkali metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000001340 alkali metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000003491 array Methods 0.000 description 1
- UHYPYGJEEGLRJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N cadmium(2+);selenium(2-) Chemical compound [Se-2].[Cd+2] UHYPYGJEEGLRJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000969 carrier Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004070 electrodeposition Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005251 gamma ray Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004973 liquid crystal related substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000000059 patterning Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002093 peripheral effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229940065287 selenium compound Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 150000003343 selenium compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- SBIBMFFZSBJNJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N selenium;zinc Chemical compound [Se]=[Zn] SBIBMFFZSBJNJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011364 vaporized material Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L27/00—Devices consisting of a plurality of semiconductor or other solid-state components formed in or on a common substrate
- H01L27/14—Devices consisting of a plurality of semiconductor or other solid-state components formed in or on a common substrate including semiconductor components sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation
- H01L27/144—Devices controlled by radiation
- H01L27/146—Imager structures
- H01L27/14683—Processes or apparatus peculiar to the manufacture or treatment of these devices or parts thereof
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01T—MEASUREMENT OF NUCLEAR OR X-RADIATION
- G01T1/00—Measuring X-radiation, gamma radiation, corpuscular radiation, or cosmic radiation
- G01T1/16—Measuring radiation intensity
- G01T1/24—Measuring radiation intensity with semiconductor detectors
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L31/00—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof
- H01L31/18—Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment of these devices or of parts thereof
- H01L31/1892—Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment of these devices or of parts thereof methods involving the use of temporary, removable substrates
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L27/00—Devices consisting of a plurality of semiconductor or other solid-state components formed in or on a common substrate
- H01L27/14—Devices consisting of a plurality of semiconductor or other solid-state components formed in or on a common substrate including semiconductor components sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation
- H01L27/144—Devices controlled by radiation
- H01L27/146—Imager structures
- H01L27/14601—Structural or functional details thereof
- H01L27/14634—Assemblies, i.e. Hybrid structures
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
- Y02E10/50—Photovoltaic [PV] energy
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a method for manufacturing a light or radiation detector and a light or radiation detector used in the medical field, industrial field, nuclear power field, and the like.
- a light or radiation detector includes a semiconductor that generates electric charge upon incidence of light or radiation, and a support substrate that supports the semiconductor to form a stacked layer.
- Radiation (for example, X-ray) detectors generate light once by the incidence of radiation (for example, X-rays), and generate charges from the light.
- Indirect conversion type” detectors that detect radiation
- directly conversion type detectors that detect radiation
- directly conversion type detectors that detect radiation by directly converting radiation into charge by generating charge by the incidence of radiation.
- the semiconductor that generates the charge is a radiation sensitive semiconductor.
- CdTe, ZnTe, Hgl, Pbl, PbO, Bil, TlBr, Se, Si, GaAs, formed by physical vapor deposition (PVD) are used as this radiation-sensitive semiconductor.
- Membranes such as InP are used or studied.
- a sputtering “CVD” sublimation method ”chemical deposition method or the like is known as a film formation method for a high-sensitivity material such as CdTe.
- CVD sputtering
- CdTe high-sensitivity material
- a polycrystalline film can be obtained.
- the detection characteristics of a polycrystalline film for light or radiation are highly dependent on the crystalline form of the film, and therefore largely on the film formation conditions.
- proximity sublimation in physical vapor deposition.
- This proximity sublimation method is a method in which a source that is a deposition source and a support substrate that is an object on which a semiconductor is formed are brought close to each other, and a semiconductor by a sublimate of the source is formed on the surface of the support substrate. .
- this proximity sublimation method since the source is in close proximity, it is possible to form a semiconductor with a large area relatively easily.
- the film formed in the vicinity of the substrate interface in the initial stage from the source surface layer has poor crystallinity.
- CdZnTe films formed by the contact sublimation method it has been experimentally confirmed that the film formed on the substrate from the source surface layer to the initial stage causes poor detection and deteriorates the detection characteristics.
- Non-Patent Document 1 Yasuo Nakai “Fabrication of Thin Films” and its Applied Technology Handbook, Fuji Techno System, p. 250
- a light or radiation detector provided with a high-quality semiconductor can be realized by such a shielding method, but light or radiation provided with a high-quality semiconductor can be used in methods other than the above-described methods. It would be desirable to implement a detector.
- the present invention has been made in view of such circumstances, and a light or radiation detector manufacturing method and light or radiation detection capable of realizing a detector having a high-quality semiconductor.
- the purpose is to provide a vessel.
- the present invention has the following configuration.
- the method for manufacturing a light or radiation detector according to the present invention includes a semiconductor that generates an electric charge by the incidence of light or radiation, and a support substrate that supports the semiconductor to form a stack, at least in the thickness direction.
- the light or radiation detector of the present invention when forming a semiconductor, after forming a semiconductor with a predetermined thickness on the dummy substrate by vapor deposition, the dummy substrate is replaced with a support substrate, and the support substrate is replaced. A semiconductor is subsequently formed by vapor deposition. Since a semiconductor having a predetermined thickness is formed by vapor deposition on a dummy substrate, it is in an initial state, so that a defective film that is originally formed is formed on the dummy substrate. After that, since the semiconductor that is not in the initial state is formed on the replaced support substrate, it is possible to realize a detector having a semiconductor of higher quality than before. Further, the semiconductor manufactured in this manner is continuously formed at least in the thickness direction.
- a proximity sublimation method in which a vapor deposition source and an object on which a semiconductor is to be formed are brought close to each other, and a semiconductor by a sublimate of the vapor deposition source is formed on the surface of the object. is there.
- the object becomes a support substrate, and a semiconductor is formed on the support substrate that is the object.
- a semiconductor having a large area can be formed relatively easily.
- An example of the invention relating to the above-described method for manufacturing a light or radiation detector is to form a dummy substrate and a support substrate to be replaced with the same material. Another example is to form a dummy substrate and a support substrate to be replaced with the same size.
- An example of the invention relating to the above-described method for manufacturing a light or radiation detector is to use a common electrode to which a noisy voltage is applied as a support substrate.
- An example of the invention relating to the above-described method for manufacturing a light or radiation detector is that the support substrate and the dummy substrate are accommodated in one chamber in advance and a semiconductor is formed on the dummy substrate when the semiconductor is formed.
- the support substrate is retracted to a retreat location that does not affect the formation of the semiconductor.
- An example of the invention relating to the above-described method for manufacturing a light or radiation detector is to increase the temperature of a support substrate and continuously form a semiconductor in a lateral direction perpendicular to the thickness direction. Another example is that the temperature of the support substrate is lowered and the semiconductor is intermittently formed by grain boundaries in a lateral method orthogonal to the thickness direction.
- a semiconductor having a predetermined thickness is formed on a dummy substrate by vapor deposition, and then the dummy substrate is replaced with a support substrate.
- a light or radiation detector manufactured by subsequently forming a semiconductor on the substrate by vapor deposition, wherein the semiconductor generates charge by the incidence of light or radiation, and the support substrate that supports the semiconductor to form a stack. And a semiconductor is continuously formed at least in the thickness direction thereof.
- the light or radiation detector of the present invention after a semiconductor having a predetermined thickness is formed on the dummy substrate by vapor deposition, the dummy substrate is replaced with a support substrate, and the semiconductor is continuously deposited on the support substrate by vapor deposition.
- the detector it is possible to realize a detector having a semiconductor of higher quality than before. Further, the semiconductor manufactured in this manner is continuously formed in the thickness direction at least. The detection characteristics can be improved by providing an optical or radiation detector with such a strong semiconductor.
- An example of the invention relating to the above-described light or radiation detector is to use a common electrode to which a bias voltage is applied as a support substrate.
- An example of the invention relating to the light or radiation detector described above is that the semiconductor is continuously formed in the lateral direction orthogonal to the thickness direction, and another example is orthogonal to the thickness direction. In the lateral direction, the semiconductor is intermittently formed by the grain boundaries.
- a charge storage capacitor element that accumulates charges generated by a semiconductor, a switching element that reads the accumulated charges by switching, and a switching element And an active matrix substrate having electrode wirings connected to each other, and electrode wirings, switching elements and charge storage capacitor elements are set in a two-dimensional matrix arrangement. By assigning pixels according to these two-dimensional matrix arrangements, it is possible to convert charge information detected by light or radiation as pixel values.
- An example of the invention relating to these light or radiation detectors described above is that a semiconductor and an active matrix substrate are bonded together via bump electrodes.
- One example of the invention relating to these light or radiation detectors described above prevents injection of electric charges into the semiconductor between at least one of the support substrate and the semiconductor and between the semiconductor and the active matrix substrate.
- a blocking layer is formed.
- An example of the invention related to these light or radiation detectors described above is the active mat. That is, the blocking layer, the semiconductor, the blocking layer, and the support substrate are sequentially stacked on the Rix substrate.
- Electrode wiring, the switching element, and the charge storage capacitor element are set in a one-dimensional matrix arrangement.
- the semiconductor includes CdTe, ZnTe, Hgl, Pbl, PbO, Bil, TlBr, Se, Si, GaAs, InP, or these
- a detector using TlBr or GaAs can provide a highly sensitive and highly noise-resistant detector. Those using Se can easily obtain a uniform and large-area detector. A detector using Si, InP can obtain a detector with high energy resolution.
- a semiconductor having a predetermined thickness is formed on the dummy substrate by vapor deposition, and then the dummy substrate is used.
- the semiconductor manufactured in this manner is continuously formed at least in the thickness direction.
- FIG. 1 is a schematic sectional view of a direct conversion flat panel X-ray detector (FPD) according to an embodiment.
- FPD flat panel X-ray detector
- FIG. 2 is a block diagram showing an equivalent circuit of an active matrix substrate of a flat panel X-ray detector (FPD).
- FPD flat panel X-ray detector
- FIG. 3 (a) and (b) are diagrams schematically showing the formation of a semiconductor by proximity sublimation according to an example.
- FIG. 4 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a flat panel X-ray detector (FPD) when a semiconductor is intermittently formed by grain boundaries in a lateral direction perpendicular to the thickness direction.
- FPD flat panel X-ray detector
- FIG. 5 is a schematic sectional view of a direct conversion flat panel X-ray detector (FPD) according to a modification.
- FIG. 6 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a direct conversion flat panel X-ray detector (FPD) according to a further modification.
- FIG. 7 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a direct conversion flat panel X-ray detector (FPD) according to a further modification.
- FPD flat panel X-ray detector
- Fig. 1 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a direct conversion flat panel X-ray detector (hereinafter abbreviated as "FP D" where appropriate) according to the embodiment.
- Fig. 2 shows a flat panel X-ray detector ( It is a block diagram which shows the equivalent circuit of the active matrix board
- FPD flat panel X-ray detector
- the FPD includes a detector substrate 10 and an active matrix substrate 20.
- the detector substrate 10 includes a conductive graphite substrate 11, a radiation-sensitive semiconductor 13, and two carrier-selective blocking layers 12 and 14.
- the active matrix substrate 20 is configured by patterning a glass substrate 21 with a charge storage capacitor element 22, a TFT (thin film field effect transistor) element 23, a pixel electrode 24, and the like.
- a bump electrode 15 is interposed between the detector substrate 10 and the active matrix substrate 20, and the pixel electrode 24 is connected to the carrier-selective blocking layer 14 for each pixel electrode 24 via the bump electrode 15. Yes.
- the conductive graphite substrate 11 corresponds to the support substrate in the present invention
- the radiation-sensitive semiconductor 13 corresponds to the semiconductor in the present invention
- the active matrix substrate 20 corresponds to the active matrix substrate in the present invention.
- charge The storage capacitor element 22 corresponds to the charge storage capacitor element in the present invention
- the TFT element 23 corresponds to the switching element in the present invention.
- the detector substrate 10 and the active matrix substrate 20 are bonded together via the bump electrodes 15, whereby the active matrix substrate 20 forms a semiconductor 13 on the incident side.
- the semiconductor 13 generates a charge upon incidence of radiation (X-rays in the embodiment).
- the conductive dulphite substrate 11 supports the semiconductor 13 to form a stacked layer, and has a function as a common electrode for applying a negative voltage.
- the charge storage capacitor element 22 stores the charge generated by the semiconductor 13.
- the TFT element 23 reads the accumulated charge by switching.
- a charge storage capacitor element 22, a TFT element 23, a pixel electrode 24, and the like are patterned, and an insulating layer 25 is formed between each electrode of the charge storage capacitor element 22 and the gate electrode Z source / drain electrode.
- the layers are formed so as to intervene.
- the electrode on the incident side of the charge storage capacitor element 22 is a pixel electrode 24, part of which forms the source electrode of the TFT element 23. That is, the pixel electrode 24 of the charge storage capacitor element 22 is connected to the source electrode of the TFT element 23.
- the gate electrode of the TFT element 23 is connected to the gate line 26 (see FIG. 2), and the drain electrode of the TFT element 23 is connected to the data line 27 (see FIG. 2).
- the electrode wiring such as the gate line 26 and the data line 27, the TFT element 23, and the charge storage capacitor element 22 are set in a two-dimensional matrix arrangement. That is, the gate lines 26 are arranged for each row, and the data lines 27 are arranged for each column, and each gate line 26 and each data line 27 are orthogonal to each other.
- the charge information detected by radiation can be converted into pixel values. That is, a pixel is assigned to each pixel electrode 24 of the charge storage capacitor element 22. Therefore, the pixel region 28 is a region where all the pixel electrodes 24 can be formed.
- the gate line 26 and the data line 27 correspond to the electrode wiring in the present invention.
- a gate driver 29, a charge-voltage conversion amplifier 30 and a multiplexer 31 are patterned around the pixel region 28. ing. In addition, around the pixel area 28, there is an AZD converter. 32 is also arranged, and is connected by a substrate different from the active matrix substrate 20. Note that some or all of the gate driver 29, the charge-voltage conversion amplifier 30, the multiplexer 31, and the A / D converter 32 may be incorporated in the active matrix substrate 20.
- a bias voltage is applied from a bias supply power source (not shown) to the graphite substrate 11 that is a common electrode for applying a bias voltage.
- a bias voltage is applied from a bias supply power source (not shown) to the graphite substrate 11 that is a common electrode for applying a bias voltage.
- the bias voltage applied charges are generated in the radiation-sensitive semiconductor 13 with the incidence of radiation (X-rays in the embodiment).
- the generated charges are collected through the bump electrode 15 by the pixel electrode 24 which is also a collecting electrode.
- the collected charges are taken out as a radiation detection signal (in the embodiment, an X-ray detection signal) for each pixel electrode 24.
- the charge collected by the pixel electrode 24 is temporarily stored in the charge storage capacitor element 22. Then, a read signal is sequentially applied from the gate driver 29 to the gate electrode of each TFT element 23 through the gate line 26. By supplying a read signal, the TFT element 23 to which the read signal is applied shifts from OFF to ON. As the data line 27 connected to the drain electrode of the TFT element 23 is switched and connected in turn by the multiplexer 31, the charge accumulated in the charge storage capacitor element 22 is transferred from the TFT element 23 to the data line 27. Read through.
- the read charge is amplified by the charge-voltage conversion amplifier 30 and sent to the A / D converter 32 as a radiation detection signal (X-ray detection signal in the embodiment) for each pixel electrode 24 by the multiplexer 31 to be an analog value. To digital value.
- an FPD when an FPD is provided in an X-ray fluoroscopic apparatus, an X-ray detection signal is sent to an image processing circuit at a subsequent stage, image processing is performed, and a two-dimensional X-ray fluoroscopic image or the like is output.
- Each pixel electrode 24 in the two-dimensional matrix array corresponds to each pixel of a radiation image (here, a two-dimensional fluoroscopic image).
- a radiation image here, a two-dimensional X-ray fluoroscopic image
- the FPD according to the present embodiment is a two-dimensional array type radiation detector capable of detecting a two-dimensional intensity distribution of radiation (X-rays in the embodiment).
- the electric charge is composed of a pair of electrons and holes.
- the semiconductor 13 and the charge storage capacitor 22 are Since the structure is connected in series via the bump electrode 15, for example, when a negative bias voltage (one Vh) is applied to the graphite substrate 11, the electrons generated in the semiconductor 13 are bumped. On the electrode 15 side, the holes move to the graphite substrate 11 side. As a result, charges are stored in the charge storage capacitor element 22.
- leakage charges that do not contribute to sensitivity are more likely to be injected into the semiconductor 13, and when a negative bias voltage is applied to the graphite substrate 11, electrons are more likely to be injected into the semiconductor 13 from the graphite substrate 11.
- holes are easily injected from the active matrix substrate 20 into the semiconductor 13 via the bump electrodes 15. As a result, the leakage current increases.
- a carrier-selective blocking layer 12 is formed between the graphite substrate 11 and the semiconductor 13.
- a carrier-selective blocking layer 14 is formed between the semiconductor 13 and the active matrix substrate 20.
- the blocking layer 12 functions as an electron blocking layer that blocks injection of electrons from the graphite substrate 11
- the blocking layer 14 is an active matrix substrate 20. It functions as a hole blocking layer that blocks hole injection from the surface.
- the leakage current can be reduced by providing the carrier selective blocking layers 12 and 14.
- the carrier selectivity here refers to the property that the contribution rate to the charge transfer action differs significantly between electrons and holes, which are charge transfer media (carriers) in a semiconductor.
- the following modes may be mentioned.
- a positive bias voltage is applied to the graphite substrate 11
- a material having a large contribution ratio of electrons is used for the blocking layer 12.
- the blocking layer 14 is made of a material having a large contribution ratio of holes. As a result, injection of electrons from the active matrix substrate 20 is prevented, and leakage current can be reduced.
- the blocking layer 14 is made of a material having a large contribution ratio of electrons. As mentioned above, this allows active matrix Hole injection from the tas substrate 20 is blocked, and leakage current can be reduced.
- the semiconductors used in the blocking layers 12 and 14 the contribution of electrons is large, such as polycrystalline semiconductors such as n-type semiconductors such as CeO, CdS, CdSe, ZnSe, ZnS, and alkali metals.
- n-type semiconductors such as CeO, CdS, CdSe, ZnSe, ZnS, and alkali metals.
- Amorphous bodies such as amorphous Se doped with As or Te to reduce the contribution ratio of holes can be mentioned.
- the film can be selectively formed regardless of whether the contribution of electrons is large or the contribution of holes is large by adjusting the film formation conditions.
- the blocking layer 12 functions as an electron blocking layer that blocks the injection of electrons from the graphite substrate 11.
- the blocking layer 12 in order to make the blocking layer 12 function as a hole blocking layer that blocks injection of holes from the active matrix substrate 20 while forming the blocking layer 12 with ZnTe having a large contribution ratio of holes,
- the blocking layer 14 is formed of ZnS with a large contribution.
- the active matrix substrate 20 includes the above-described charge storage capacitor element 22, TFT element 23, pixel electrode 24, insulating layer 25, gate line 26, and data line 27 gate.
- the driver 29, the charge-voltage conversion amplifier 30, and the multiplexer 31 are formed on the glass substrate 21 by screen printing or the like.
- the bump electrode 15 is formed by screen printing using a stud bump process.
- the thickness of the glass substrate 21 is, for example, about 0.5 mm to about 1.5 mm.
- the thickness of the semiconductor 13 is normally 0.5 mm to: 1.5 mm thick film (about 0.4 mm in this embodiment), and the area is, for example, 20 cm to 50 cm long X 20 cm wide It is about 50cm.
- Radiation-sensitive semiconductors 13 are high-purity amorphous selenium (a_Se), Al metals such as Na, halogens such as C1, or amorphous semiconductors of selenium and selenium compounds doped with As or Te, CdTe, CdZnTe, Pbl , Hgl, TlBr, etc. It is preferably one of the conductors. In particular, CdTe, ZnTe, Hgl, Pbl, PbO
- Conductor 13 is preferably formed.
- CdTe, ZnTe, Hgl, Pbl, PbO, Bil, TlBr, GaAs are used as the semiconductor 13.
- CdZnTe is a mixed crystal (mixed crystal) of CdTe and ZnTe, so that a highly sensitive detector with high noise resistance can be obtained.
- the graphite substrate 11 is carbon having conductivity.
- the Graphite board 11 has the function of a common electrode for bias voltage application, so you can form a common electrode other than the Graphite.
- the common electrode may be formed of a metal such as A1 or MgAg, or the common electrode may be formed of an electrode substrate such as an alumina substrate having an electrode such as ITO (transparent electrode) formed on the surface.
- the common electrode is formed of a metal such as A1 or MgAg
- the common electrode is a thin film with a thickness of about 0.1 ⁇ m.
- the common electrode is about 2 mm thick.
- the blocking layers 12 and 14 have a thickness of about 200 nm and a resistivity on the order of 10 " ⁇ 'cm.
- the plexer 31 is patterned on the glass substrate 21 by screen printing or the like. More specifically, similarly to the active matrix substrate for liquid crystal display, the charge storage capacitor element 22 and the TFT element 23 are formed on the surface of the glass substrate 21 by using a semiconductor thin film manufacturing technique and a fine processing technique, and the pixel electrode 24 and The surface is coated with an insulating layer 25 except for the connecting portion.
- Peripheral circuits such as the gate driver 29, charge-voltage conversion amplifier 30 and multiplexer 31 around the pixel area 28 are composed of a semiconductor integrated circuit such as silicon, and an anisotropic conductive film (ACF) is used. Are connected to the gate line 26 and the gate line 27, respectively.
- ACF anisotropic conductive film
- the blocking layer 12 including the blocking layer 14 is laminated.
- PVD physical vapor deposition
- chemical deposition, electrodeposition, or the like may be used.
- the graphite substrate 11 on which the blocking layer 12 is formed is referred to as a graphite substrate G as shown in FIG.
- a semiconductor 13 is formed on this graphite substrate G by proximity sublimation as shown in FIG. The proximity sublimation method shown in Fig. 3 will be described in detail later.
- the surface is planarized by polishing such as chemical mechanical polishing (CMP). Then, the blocking layer 14 is formed.
- CMP chemical mechanical polishing
- a source S which is a CdZnTe evaporation source
- a dummy substrate D are accommodated in a chamber CH that has been evacuated to a vacuum.
- the proximity distance in this case is in the range of 2 mm to several mm, although it varies depending on the material to be formed and the film formation conditions.
- the dummy substrate D is preferably formed with the same material and the same size as the common electrode to be replaced. In this embodiment, since the common electrode is a graph eye, the dummy substrate D is formed by the graph eye.
- the solid of the source S is sublimated and vaporized.
- the vaporized material adheres to the dummy substrate D and solidifies again to form on the surface of the dummy substrate D.
- CdZnTe having a predetermined thickness is formed on the dummy substrate D
- the dummy substrate D is replaced with the graphite substrate G, and CdZnTe is subsequently formed on the graphite substrate G, as shown in FIG.
- the graphite substrate is also stored in the chamber CH together with the dummy substrate in advance, and the graphite substrate is retracted and stored in a place where there is no influence on the formation of CdZnTe, and the graphite substrate is brought close to the source at the time of replacement. It may be conveyed in the chamber CH.
- the dummy substrate D is a support substrate after the semiconductor having a predetermined thickness is formed on the dummy substrate D by vapor deposition.
- the graphite substrate G is replaced, and a semiconductor is subsequently formed on the graphite substrate G by vapor deposition.
- a semiconductor with a predetermined thickness is formed on the dummy substrate D by vapor deposition, it is in an initial state. It is formed. Thereafter, a semiconductor that is not in an initial state is formed on the replaced graphite substrate D, so that a detector including the semiconductor 13 with higher quality than before can be realized. Further, the semiconductor 13 manufactured in this way is formed continuously at least in the thickness direction. Since the detector is equipped with powerful semiconductor 13, it is possible to improve the detection characteristics.
- the semiconductor 13 is continuously formed at least in the thickness direction, for example, as shown in FIG. 1, the semiconductor 13 is continuously formed in the lateral direction perpendicular to the thickness direction.
- the semiconductor 13 is intermittently formed by grain boundaries in the lateral direction perpendicular to the thickness direction as shown in FIG.
- the crystal grain size in the lateral direction can be controlled by the temperature of the graphite substrate 11, and the crystal grain size increases as the temperature increases. Therefore, in order to realize the semiconductor 13 continuously formed in the lateral direction perpendicular to the thickness direction as shown in FIG. 1, the temperature is increased and the semiconductor 13 is perpendicular to the thickness direction as shown in FIG. In order to realize the semiconductor 13 formed intermittently by the grain boundaries in the lateral direction, the temperature is lowered.
- proximity sublimation is employed as physical vapor deposition.
- a source that is an evaporation source and a graphite substrate 11 that is an object on which the semiconductor 13 is formed are brought close to each other, and the semiconductor 13 is formed on the surface of the graphite substrate 11 by a sublimate of the source. To do.
- the semiconductor 13 having a large area can be formed relatively easily.
- the semiconductor is formed of a photoelectric conversion type (for example, a photodiode) that generates electric charges by the incidence of light generated by the incidence of radiation.
- the FPD is configured by stacking scintillators on the incident surface of the photodiode. In this case, light is generated by incident radiation with a scintillator or the like, and the photodiode generates charges from the light. Therefore, FPD detects radiation by converting radiation force into charges indirectly.
- a photoelectric conversion type for example, a photodiode
- the present invention can also be applied to a photodetector.
- the semiconductor is formed in a photosensitive type in which electric charges are generated by incident light.
- the radiation detector represented by the flat panel X-ray detector is a two-dimensional array type.
- the radiation detector of the present invention has a one-dimensional pixel electrode. It may be a one-dimensional array type formed by a matrix arrangement or a non-array type having only one electrode for extracting radiation detection signals.
- the X-ray detector is taken as an example of the radiation detector.
- the radiation detector for example, a gamma ray detector
- the radiation detector that detects radiation other than X-rays (for example, gamma rays) has been described. ).
- a negative bias voltage is applied to a common electrode typified by the graphite substrate 11 so that the blocking layer 12 functions as an electron blocking layer, and the blocking layer 14 is formed as a hole.
- the material of the blocking layers 12 and 14 is made to function as the hole blocking layer and the blocking layer 14 as an electron blocking layer. Should be selected.
- the carrier selective blocking layer 12 is formed between the graphite substrate 11 and the semiconductor 13, and the carrier selectivity is formed between the semiconductor 13 and the active matrix substrate 20.
- the blocking layer 14 is formed, but the blocking layer that blocks the injection of charges into the semiconductor 13 between at least one of the graphite substrate 11 and the semiconductor 13 and between the semiconductor 13 and the active matrix substrate 20. Or a blocking layer may not be provided.
- the form of the blocking layers 12 and 14 is not particularly limited. For example, without forming the blocking layer 12 between the graphite substrate 11 and the semiconductor 13, only the blocking layer 14 is formed between the semiconductor 13 and the active matrix substrate 20, as shown in FIG. Alternatively, the blocking layer 14 is not formed between the semiconductor 13 and the active matrix substrate 20, but the blocking layer 12 is formed between the graphite substrate 11 and the semiconductor 13 as shown in FIG. May be. Further, as shown in FIG. 7, the blocking layer may not be provided.
- the force which is a structure in which the detector substrate 10 and the active matrix substrate 20 are bonded together via the bump electrodes 15, is formed on the active matrix substrate 20, the blocking layer 14, and the semiconductor. 13, blocking layer 12, and graphite substrate 11 may be laminated in this order.
- the proximity sublimation method has been described as an example of physical vapor deposition. However, if a semiconductor is formed by vapor deposition, it is exemplified by sputtering 'CVD' sublimation method 'chemical deposition method, etc. As such, it is not particularly limited.
Landscapes
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Power Engineering (AREA)
- Electromagnetism (AREA)
- Condensed Matter Physics & Semiconductors (AREA)
- Computer Hardware Design (AREA)
- Microelectronics & Electronic Packaging (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- High Energy & Nuclear Physics (AREA)
- Molecular Biology (AREA)
- Spectroscopy & Molecular Physics (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Solid State Image Pick-Up Elements (AREA)
- Measurement Of Radiation (AREA)
- Light Receiving Elements (AREA)
- Physical Vapour Deposition (AREA)
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
CN2007800342878A CN101517751B (zh) | 2006-09-14 | 2007-04-12 | 光或放射线检测器的制造方法及光或放射线检测器 |
US12/441,312 US7736941B2 (en) | 2006-09-14 | 2007-04-12 | Light or radiation detector manufacturing method |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
JP2006-249736 | 2006-09-14 | ||
JP2006249736A JP4106397B2 (ja) | 2006-09-14 | 2006-09-14 | 光または放射線検出器の製造方法 |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
WO2008032461A1 true WO2008032461A1 (fr) | 2008-03-20 |
Family
ID=39183530
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/JP2007/058064 WO2008032461A1 (fr) | 2006-09-14 | 2007-04-12 | Procédé de fabrication d'un détecteur de lumière ou de rayonnement, et détecteur de lumière ou de rayonnement |
Country Status (4)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US7736941B2 (ja) |
JP (1) | JP4106397B2 (ja) |
CN (1) | CN101517751B (ja) |
WO (1) | WO2008032461A1 (ja) |
Families Citing this family (23)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO2010052676A2 (en) * | 2008-11-10 | 2010-05-14 | Koninklijke Philips Electronics N.V. | Converter element for a radiation detector |
JP4835710B2 (ja) * | 2009-03-17 | 2011-12-14 | ソニー株式会社 | 固体撮像装置、固体撮像装置の製造方法、固体撮像装置の駆動方法、及び電子機器 |
JP5610798B2 (ja) * | 2010-03-12 | 2014-10-22 | キヤノン株式会社 | シンチレータの製造方法 |
CN102859691B (zh) * | 2010-04-07 | 2015-06-10 | 株式会社岛津制作所 | 放射线检测器及其制造方法 |
CN102332479A (zh) * | 2010-07-13 | 2012-01-25 | 李硕 | 叠层薄膜太阳能电池 |
GB201021112D0 (en) | 2010-12-13 | 2011-01-26 | Ntnu Technology Transfer As | Nanowires |
CN103443653B (zh) * | 2011-04-01 | 2015-09-23 | 株式会社岛津制作所 | 辐射线检测器的制造方法以及辐射线检测器 |
JPWO2013088625A1 (ja) * | 2011-12-16 | 2015-04-27 | 株式会社島津製作所 | 放射線検出器の製造方法 |
JP5664798B2 (ja) * | 2011-12-16 | 2015-02-04 | 株式会社島津製作所 | 放射線検出器とその製造方法 |
JP5895650B2 (ja) * | 2012-03-28 | 2016-03-30 | ソニー株式会社 | 撮像装置および撮像表示システム |
GB201211038D0 (en) | 2012-06-21 | 2012-08-01 | Norwegian Univ Sci & Tech Ntnu | Solar cells |
CN104164649A (zh) * | 2013-05-16 | 2014-11-26 | 朱兴华 | 大面积碘化铅厚膜的制备方法及其实施设备 |
GB201311101D0 (en) | 2013-06-21 | 2013-08-07 | Norwegian Univ Sci & Tech Ntnu | Semiconducting Films |
JP6163936B2 (ja) * | 2013-07-22 | 2017-07-19 | 株式会社島津製作所 | 二次元放射線検出器の製造方法 |
DE102014114575A1 (de) | 2014-06-23 | 2015-12-24 | Von Ardenne Gmbh | Transportvorrichtung, Prozessieranordnung und Beschichtungsverfahren |
ES2901111T3 (es) | 2015-07-13 | 2022-03-21 | Crayonano As | Diodos emisores de luz y fotodetectores en forma de nanohilos/nanopirámides |
ES2821019T3 (es) | 2015-07-13 | 2021-04-23 | Crayonano As | Nanocables o nanopirámides cultivados sobre un sustrato grafítico |
EP3329509A1 (en) | 2015-07-31 | 2018-06-06 | Crayonano AS | Process for growing nanowires or nanopyramids on graphitic substrates |
US11504079B2 (en) | 2016-11-30 | 2022-11-22 | The Research Foundation For The State University Of New York | Hybrid active matrix flat panel detector system and method |
US10651334B2 (en) * | 2017-02-14 | 2020-05-12 | International Business Machines Corporation | Semitransparent chalcogen solar cell |
GB201703196D0 (en) * | 2017-02-28 | 2017-04-12 | Univ Of Sussex | X-ray and gammay-ray photodiode |
GB201705755D0 (en) | 2017-04-10 | 2017-05-24 | Norwegian Univ Of Science And Tech (Ntnu) | Nanostructure |
CN110230039B (zh) * | 2019-07-02 | 2020-07-10 | 中南大学 | 一种单层硫化钼调控碘化铅生长的方法 |
Citations (10)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JPH0878707A (ja) * | 1994-09-08 | 1996-03-22 | Japan Energy Corp | 太陽電池の製造方法 |
JPH10303441A (ja) * | 1997-04-28 | 1998-11-13 | Matsushita Denchi Kogyo Kk | 太陽電池及びその製造方法 |
JPH1174551A (ja) * | 1997-08-28 | 1999-03-16 | Matsushita Denchi Kogyo Kk | 硫化物半導体膜の製造方法および太陽電池 |
JPH11152564A (ja) * | 1997-11-17 | 1999-06-08 | Murata Mfg Co Ltd | プリスパッタ方法および装置 |
JP2000307091A (ja) * | 1999-04-19 | 2000-11-02 | Sharp Corp | 光又は放射線検出素子ならびに二次元画像検出器の製造方法 |
JP2000357810A (ja) * | 1999-06-16 | 2000-12-26 | Matsushita Battery Industrial Co Ltd | テルル化カドミウム膜の製造方法および太陽電池 |
JP2001102602A (ja) * | 1999-09-30 | 2001-04-13 | Shimadzu Corp | アレイ型検出装置、およびその製造方法 |
JP2004138472A (ja) * | 2002-10-17 | 2004-05-13 | Mitsubishi Heavy Ind Ltd | 放射線検出素子、放射線検出装置、放射線ct装置及び放射線検査装置 |
JP2005127730A (ja) * | 2003-10-21 | 2005-05-19 | Konica Minolta Medical & Graphic Inc | 放射線画像変換パネル |
JP2005298894A (ja) * | 2004-04-12 | 2005-10-27 | Fujitsu Ltd | ターゲットのクリーニング方法及び物理的堆積装置 |
Family Cites Families (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO1997045880A1 (en) | 1996-05-28 | 1997-12-04 | Matsushita Battery Industrial Co., Ltd. | METHOD FOR FORMING CdTe FILM AND SOLAR BATTERY USING THE FILM |
US7223989B2 (en) | 2003-10-21 | 2007-05-29 | Konica Minolta Medical & Graphic, Inc. | Radiation image conversion panel |
-
2006
- 2006-09-14 JP JP2006249736A patent/JP4106397B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
2007
- 2007-04-12 WO PCT/JP2007/058064 patent/WO2008032461A1/ja active Search and Examination
- 2007-04-12 CN CN2007800342878A patent/CN101517751B/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2007-04-12 US US12/441,312 patent/US7736941B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Patent Citations (10)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JPH0878707A (ja) * | 1994-09-08 | 1996-03-22 | Japan Energy Corp | 太陽電池の製造方法 |
JPH10303441A (ja) * | 1997-04-28 | 1998-11-13 | Matsushita Denchi Kogyo Kk | 太陽電池及びその製造方法 |
JPH1174551A (ja) * | 1997-08-28 | 1999-03-16 | Matsushita Denchi Kogyo Kk | 硫化物半導体膜の製造方法および太陽電池 |
JPH11152564A (ja) * | 1997-11-17 | 1999-06-08 | Murata Mfg Co Ltd | プリスパッタ方法および装置 |
JP2000307091A (ja) * | 1999-04-19 | 2000-11-02 | Sharp Corp | 光又は放射線検出素子ならびに二次元画像検出器の製造方法 |
JP2000357810A (ja) * | 1999-06-16 | 2000-12-26 | Matsushita Battery Industrial Co Ltd | テルル化カドミウム膜の製造方法および太陽電池 |
JP2001102602A (ja) * | 1999-09-30 | 2001-04-13 | Shimadzu Corp | アレイ型検出装置、およびその製造方法 |
JP2004138472A (ja) * | 2002-10-17 | 2004-05-13 | Mitsubishi Heavy Ind Ltd | 放射線検出素子、放射線検出装置、放射線ct装置及び放射線検査装置 |
JP2005127730A (ja) * | 2003-10-21 | 2005-05-19 | Konica Minolta Medical & Graphic Inc | 放射線画像変換パネル |
JP2005298894A (ja) * | 2004-04-12 | 2005-10-27 | Fujitsu Ltd | ターゲットのクリーニング方法及び物理的堆積装置 |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
JP2008071961A (ja) | 2008-03-27 |
US20100029037A1 (en) | 2010-02-04 |
US7736941B2 (en) | 2010-06-15 |
CN101517751A (zh) | 2009-08-26 |
CN101517751B (zh) | 2011-12-07 |
JP4106397B2 (ja) | 2008-06-25 |
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
JP4106397B2 (ja) | 光または放射線検出器の製造方法 | |
JP4269653B2 (ja) | 放射線検出器の製造方法 | |
JP5423880B2 (ja) | 放射線検出器およびそれを製造する方法 | |
JP4547760B2 (ja) | 放射線検出器および放射線撮像装置 | |
US9075150B2 (en) | Radiographic detector formed on scintillator | |
US8405037B2 (en) | Radiation detector manufacturing method, a radiation detector, and a radiographic apparatus | |
JP3792433B2 (ja) | 光又は放射線検出素子ならびに二次元画像検出器の製造方法 | |
KR100598577B1 (ko) | 방사선 검출기 | |
US7420178B2 (en) | Radiation detector and radiation imaging device equipped with the same | |
JP5567671B2 (ja) | 放射線検出器の製造方法 | |
JP4092825B2 (ja) | アレイ型検出装置、およびその製造方法 | |
JP2007093257A (ja) | 放射線検出器 | |
US20100163741A1 (en) | Radiation detector | |
WO2012004913A1 (ja) | 放射線検出器およびそれを製造する方法 | |
JP2007235039A (ja) | 放射線検出器の製造方法 | |
JP2005019543A (ja) | 二次元半導体検出器および二次元撮像装置 | |
Izumi et al. | Solid-state X-ray Imagers | |
JP5621919B2 (ja) | 放射線検出器の製造方法および放射線検出器 | |
JP2012194046A (ja) | 放射線検出器の製造方法 | |
JP2014211383A (ja) | 放射線検出器 |
Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
WWE | Wipo information: entry into national phase |
Ref document number: 200780034287.8 Country of ref document: CN |
|
121 | Ep: the epo has been informed by wipo that ep was designated in this application |
Ref document number: 07741500 Country of ref document: EP Kind code of ref document: A1 |
|
DPE1 | Request for preliminary examination filed after expiration of 19th month from priority date (pct application filed from 20040101) | ||
WWE | Wipo information: entry into national phase |
Ref document number: 12441312 Country of ref document: US |
|
NENP | Non-entry into the national phase |
Ref country code: DE |
|
122 | Ep: pct application non-entry in european phase |
Ref document number: 07741500 Country of ref document: EP Kind code of ref document: A1 |
|
DPE1 | Request for preliminary examination filed after expiration of 19th month from priority date (pct application filed from 20040101) |