Classifications

• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
  • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
  • H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks
  • H02J3/38—Arrangements for parallely feeding a single network by two or more generators, converters or transformers
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
  • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
  • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
  • H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
  • H01M8/04223—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids during start-up or shut-down; Depolarisation or activation, e.g. purging; Means for short-circuiting defective fuel cells
  • H01M8/04225—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids during start-up or shut-down; Depolarisation or activation, e.g. purging; Means for short-circuiting defective fuel cells during start-up
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
  • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
  • H01M16/00—Structural combinations of different types of electrochemical generators
  • H01M16/003—Structural combinations of different types of electrochemical generators of fuel cells with other electrochemical devices, e.g. capacitors, electrolysers
  • H01M16/006—Structural combinations of different types of electrochemical generators of fuel cells with other electrochemical devices, e.g. capacitors, electrolysers of fuel cells with rechargeable batteries
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
  • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
  • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
  • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
  • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
  • H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
  • H01M8/04223—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids during start-up or shut-down; Depolarisation or activation, e.g. purging; Means for short-circuiting defective fuel cells
  • H01M8/04228—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids during start-up or shut-down; Depolarisation or activation, e.g. purging; Means for short-circuiting defective fuel cells during shut-down
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
  • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
  • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
  • H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
  • H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
  • H01M8/043—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems applied during specific periods
  • H01M8/04302—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems applied during specific periods applied during start-up
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
  • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
  • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
  • H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
  • H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
  • H01M8/043—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems applied during specific periods
  • H01M8/04303—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems applied during specific periods applied during shut-down
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
  • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
  • H02J9/00—Circuit arrangements for emergency or stand-by power supply, e.g. for emergency lighting
  • H02J9/04—Circuit arrangements for emergency or stand-by power supply, e.g. for emergency lighting in which the distribution system is disconnected from the normal source and connected to a standby source
  • H02J9/06—Circuit arrangements for emergency or stand-by power supply, e.g. for emergency lighting in which the distribution system is disconnected from the normal source and connected to a standby source with automatic change-over, e.g. UPS systems
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
  • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
  • H02J2300/00—Systems for supplying or distributing electric power characterised by decentralized, dispersed, or local generation
  • H02J2300/30—The power source being a fuel cell
• • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
  • Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
  • Y02B90/00—Enabling technologies or technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
  • Y02B90/10—Applications of fuel cells in buildings
• • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
  • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
  • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
  • Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
• • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
  • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
  • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
  • Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
  • Y02E60/50—Fuel cells

Definitions

• the present invention relates to an emergency power system using a fuel cell, and in particular, is used in conjunction with a system power supply in order to supply power to a load in a normal state.
• the present invention relates to an emergency power system capable of supplying fuel cell power to a load in parallel, and a distribution board used in such an emergency power system.
• fuel cells have been deployed as distributed power supply devices at locations of electric power consumers, ie, electric power consumers, and electric power distributed from electric power companies, ie, electric power from grid power sources and electric power from fuel cells.
• the distributed power supply system that combines power consumption to cover the power consumption of the power consumers is attracting attention!
• On the electric power company side multiple power generation facilities, multiple substation facilities, and distribution facilities for connecting these power generation facilities and substation facilities to supply power to a large number of consumers are provided.
• the substation facilities are operated so as to maintain harmony as a whole, and these facilities on the power supplier side are collectively called the grid power supply.
• FIG. 1 shows a configuration of a conventional power supply system for using a distributed power supply by a fuel cell in connection with a system power supply.
• a fuel cell system 81 that includes a fuel cell as a distributed power source and outputs AC power is provided, and the output of the fuel cell system 81 is connected to a distribution board 82.
• the distribution board 82 is also connected to the system power supply, and supplies the AC power from the system power supply and the AC power of the fuel cell system 81 to the load via the same distribution line.
• the fuel cell system 81 includes a fuel cell 91 and a power conditioner (PCS) 92 that converts the DC power generated by the fuel cell 91 into AC power and outputs the AC power.
• the fuel cell 91 includes a reformer that generates hydrogen by reforming a fuel that has hydrocarbon power, such as kerosene or LPG (liquid meteorite oil gas),
• a fuel cell main body that generates electricity by being supplied with hydrogen and oxygen (or air) is provided.
• the fuel cell main body includes a negative electrode and a positive electrode to which hydrogen and oxygen are supplied, respectively, and an electrolyte membrane that is disposed between the negative electrode and the positive electrode and is permeable to hydrogen ions.
• the power conditioner 92 converts the DC power from the fuel cell 91 into AC power so as to be linked to AC power on the system power supply side input via the distribution board 82.
• the fuel cell that is, the reformer or the fuel cell main body
• various auxiliary devices such as a heater and a pump.
• the electric power for operating the heater and the pump is supplied from the power conditioner 92 to the fuel cell. It has come to be given to.
• the fuel cell system 81 If the fuel cell system 81 enters a steady operation state, a part of the power generated by the fuel cell 91 can be used as power for the heater and pump. However, when the fuel cell system 81 itself starts up (starts up), the fuel cell 91 still starts generating power, so the system power supply power is also input to the power conditioner 92 via the distribution board 82. Force to get power to operate heaters and pumps
• the distributed power supply when the distributed power supply is connected to the system power supply as described above, the power generated by the distributed power supply should not be adversely affected on the system power supply side.
• what should be done to prevent negative effects on the grid power supply is, for example, the “Grid Grid Guidelines” compiled by the Agency for Natural Resources and Energy, Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry in Japan.
• the distributed power supply should be disconnected from the system power supply. If a distributed power supply is operating in the event of a power failure on the system power supply side, the power distribution line or distribution network on the system power supply side, which is not originally charged, is charged by the distributed power supply because it is out of power.
• an object of the present invention is a distributed power supply system having a fuel cell and connected to a system power supply, and operates as a distributed power supply when the system power supply is normally operated. It is an object of the present invention to provide an emergency power supply system that can be used as an emergency power supply even when a system power supply fails, and that can be easily switched for use as an emergency power supply.
• Another object of the present invention is to provide a distribution board used in such an emergency power supply system.
• An emergency power supply system of the present invention is an emergency power supply system having a fuel cell system linked to a system power supply, which is connected to the system power supply and supplies power to a load, a system power supply, A circuit breaker provided between the distribution board, a first power conditioner provided in the fuel cell system, which converts the fuel cell power DC power into AC power and supplies it to the distribution board; and a secondary A battery and a second power conditioner that converts DC power from the secondary battery into AC power and supplies it to the distribution board, and when the power failure of the system power supply is detected by the first power conditioner, The first power conditioner stops the operation of the fuel cell system and sends a power failure detection signal to the circuit breaker to open the circuit breaker.
• the secondary battery power Power of 2 Ndeishona to start the fuel cell system by electric power supplied by via, after starting the AC power to the fuel cell system power distribution panel is supplied.
• the emergency power supply system of the present invention is configured to start the fuel cell system and supply only the power from the fuel cell system to the load at the time of power failure of the system power supply.
• the rated output of the fuel cell system is limited, if the load connected to the distribution board is a normal load and an emergency load, both loads will be applied when the grid power supply is operating normally.
• power is preferably supplied only to the emergency load.
• the load capacity of the emergency load is preferably less than the rated output of the fuel cell system.
• a fuel cell system having a fuel cell using hydrocarbon as fuel.
• a distribution board is a distribution board used to link a fuel cell system and a system power source and supply power to a load, and includes a bus connected to the fuel cell system, and A breaker that is provided between the bus and the system power supply, and is opened by a signal sent from the fuel cell system when the fuel cell system detects a power failure in the system power supply.
• AC power obtained by converting the DC power output from the battery can be supplied to the bus, and the fuel cell system can be started by the power supplied by the secondary battery power when the circuit breaker is open. .
• the fuel cell system in the power supply system in which the fuel cell system is connected to the system power supply, when the system power supply fails, the fuel cell system is also stopped, but then supplied via the distribution board. Since the fuel cell system can be started using the power of the secondary battery power generated, the power generated by the fuel cell system power can be supplied to the load. Therefore, the emergency power supply system of the present invention is connected to the system power supply during normal times, and can be operated as an emergency power source in an emergency such as a disaster, and is useful in both normal times and emergency times. .
• FIG. 1 is a block diagram showing a configuration of a conventional power supply system.
• FIG. 2 is a block diagram showing a configuration of an emergency power supply system according to an embodiment of the present invention.
• FIG. 3 is a block diagram showing a configuration of an emergency power supply system according to another embodiment of the present invention.
• FIG. 2 shows an emergency power supply system according to an embodiment of the present invention.
• This emergency power supply system is connected to the system power supply, and includes a fuel cell system 11 that outputs AC power as a distributed power supply. And a distribution board 14 for supplying power to the load.
• this emergency power supply system has a secondary battery 16 that supplies power for starting the fuel cell system 11 in the event of a power failure on the grid power supply side, and the secondary battery 16 is charged and output from the secondary battery 16 And a power conditioner (PCS) 17 that converts DC power into AC power and supplies it to the distribution board 14.
• PCS power conditioner
• As the secondary battery 16 for example, a lithium ion battery, a nickel hydrogen battery, or a lead storage battery is used.
• the distribution board 14 includes a bus 31 to which the output of the fuel cell system 11 is connected, a circuit breaker 32 provided between the distribution line 39 and the bus 31 connected to the system power supply, a bus 31 and a secondary A switch 33 provided between the power conditioner 17 on the battery 16 side and switches 34 and 35 provided between the bus 31 and the load are provided.
• a power failure detection signal from a power conditioner (PCS) 13 to be described later in the fuel cell system 11
• the circuit breaker 32 trips to an open state (that is, a cut-off state).
• the circuit breaker 32 is configured to automatically disconnect the bus 31 from the system power supply side.
• a normal load 41 that needs to be supplied only when the system power supply is operating, and a power failure of the system power supply as well as when the system power supply is operating.
• the normal load 41 is connected to the bus 31 via the switch 34
• the emergency load 42 is connected to the bus 31 via the switch 35.
• AC power from the grid power source and AC power from the fuel cell system 11 are supplied to each load 41, 42 via the distribution board 14 and the same in-house distribution line. It has become so.
• the secondary battery 16 when the secondary battery 16 is in a charged state, the AC power output from the secondary battery 16 and converted into DC power by the power conditioner 17 according to the power consumption state on the load side is also applied to each load. 41, 42 will be supplied. Since the fuel cell itself is difficult to cope with a sudden change in load, when the load suddenly increases, power from the secondary battery 16 is supplied to the load. By charging the secondary battery 16 when the load suddenly decreases, the emergency power supply system can be operated efficiently when the system power supply is in a normal state.
• the fuel cell system 11 includes a fuel cell 12 including a reformer that reforms fuel to generate hydrogen, and a fuel cell body that is supplied with the hydrogen and oxygen (air) to generate power, and a fuel cell. And a power conditioner 13 for converting the DC power generated in 12 into AC power and outputting it.
• a fuel cell 12 including a reformer that reforms fuel to generate hydrogen, and a fuel cell body that is supplied with the hydrogen and oxygen (air) to generate power, and a fuel cell.
• a power conditioner 13 for converting the DC power generated in 12 into AC power and outputting it.
• kerosene, LPG (liquid petroleum gas), or natural gas is used as the fuel. Therefore, the fuel cell system 11 has a fuel cell using hydrocarbon as fuel.
• the reformer and the fuel cell body are the same as those in the conventional power supply system shown in Fig. 1.
• the power conditioner 13 is the same as the power conditioner 92 used in the conventional power supply system shown in Fig. 1, but the power conditioner 13 in the emergency power supply system shown in Fig. 2 is used.
• a method of detecting a power failure on the system power source side in the power conditioner 13 a method generally used at present in a power conditioner of a distributed power source linked to the system power source can be used.
• the circuit breaker 32 and the switches 33 to 35 are both closed and in a conductive state, and the AC power from the system power supply and the AC from the fuel cell system 11 are connected.
• the electric power and the AC power converted by the power conditioner 17 from the secondary battery 16 according to the situation are supplied to the loads 41 and 42 via the distribution board 14.
• the power power system power for starting the fuel cell system 11 is also supplied to the power conditioner 13.
• charging / discharging of the secondary battery 16 is controlled by the power conditioner 17 so as to be at a predetermined charging level or higher.
• the predetermined charge level is a charge level that can supply all of the power necessary for starting the fuel cell system 11 from the secondary battery 16.
• the system power supply is disconnected from the bus 31 of the distribution board 14, and the supply of as much power as the fuel cell system 11 and the secondary battery 16 stops, so that the AC power to the loads 41 and 42 is reduced. Supply is also stopped.
• the switches 34 and 35 are opened, the loads 41 and 42 are disconnected from the distribution board 14 force, and then the secondary battery 16
• the AC power obtained by converting the power of the secondary battery 16 by the power conditioner 17 is supplied to the distribution board 14 by operating the power conditioner 17 on the side.
• the fuel cell system 11 is started by operating the power conditioner 13 of the fuel cell system 11.
• each auxiliary machine of the fuel cell 12 is started, and the fuel cell 12 is started.
• the fuel cell 12 starts and outputs predetermined DC power
• the DC power is converted into AC power by the power conditioner 13 and supplied to the bus 31 of the distribution board 14.
• Close switch 35 connected to load 42 so that AC power is supplied to emergency load 42.
• the fuel cell system 11 is restarted, and the supply of AC power to the emergency load 42 is resumed.
• the fuel cell system 11 is started, the switches 33 to 35 are turned on / off, and the power conditioners 13 and 17 are manually operated by an operator.
• the distribution board 14 may be provided with a control circuit so that these processes can be performed automatically.
• Figure 3 shows an emergency power system with such a control circuit.
• the emergency power supply system shown in FIG. 3 is different from the emergency power supply system shown in FIG. 2 in that a control circuit 36 is provided in the distribution board 14.
• the control circuit 36 can return the circuit breaker 32 in the distribution board 14 to the conductive state, can control the switches 33 to 35 in the distribution board 14, and can also control the power conditioner in the fuel cell system 11. 13 and the secondary battery 16 are configured so that a command can be issued to the power conditioner 17 that converts DC power of 16 power into AC power.
• signal lines 37 and 38 are provided between the distribution board 14 and the power conditioners 13 and 17. .
• the control circuit 36 includes, for example, an abnormal operation switch that is a push button switch for shifting to the emergency operation mode and a normal operation switch that is a push button switch for shifting to the normal operation mode. If the emergency operation switch is operated with the power failure at the grid power source, tripping the circuit breaker 32 as described above, and stopping the supply of power from the fuel cell system 11 and the secondary battery 16, The control circuit 36 starts the fuel cell system 11 from the position where the switches 34 and 35 are opened, and automatically executes the above-described processing up to when the switch 35 is turned on.
• an abnormal operation switch that is a push button switch for shifting to the emergency operation mode
• a normal operation switch that is a push button switch for shifting to the normal operation mode.
• the control circuit 36 confirms that the system power supply has been restored, and then restarts the fuel cell system from switching off the fuel cell system 11 and turning on the circuit breaker 32. Processes up to 33 and 34 are automatically executed. By providing such a control circuit 36, the operation of the emergency power supply system according to the present invention can be easily performed.

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• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
• Sustainable Energy (AREA)
• Sustainable Development (AREA)
• Electrochemistry (AREA)
• Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
• Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
• General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
• Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
• Power Engineering (AREA)
• Emergency Management (AREA)
• Business, Economics & Management (AREA)
• Fuel Cell (AREA)
• Stand-By Power Supply Arrangements (AREA)
• Supply And Distribution Of Alternating Current (AREA)

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Cited By (5)

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• 2006
  • 2006-02-23 JP JP2006047004A patent/JP4868883B2/ja active Active
• 2007
  • 2007-02-20 WO PCT/JP2007/053065 patent/WO2007097316A1/ja active Application Filing
  • 2007-02-20 KR KR1020087023203A patent/KR101294522B1/ko not_active IP Right Cessation
  • 2007-02-20 CN CNA2007800136724A patent/CN101421898A/zh active Pending
  • 2007-02-26 TW TW096106438A patent/TWI406466B/zh not_active IP Right Cessation

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