WO2006126520A1 - ドライエッチング方法、微細構造形成方法、モールド及びその製造方法 - Google Patents
ドライエッチング方法、微細構造形成方法、モールド及びその製造方法 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2006126520A1 WO2006126520A1 PCT/JP2006/310214 JP2006310214W WO2006126520A1 WO 2006126520 A1 WO2006126520 A1 WO 2006126520A1 JP 2006310214 W JP2006310214 W JP 2006310214W WO 2006126520 A1 WO2006126520 A1 WO 2006126520A1
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03B—MANUFACTURE, SHAPING, OR SUPPLEMENTARY PROCESSES
- C03B11/00—Pressing molten glass or performed glass reheated to equivalent low viscosity without blowing
- C03B11/06—Construction of plunger or mould
- C03B11/08—Construction of plunger or mould for making solid articles, e.g. lenses
- C03B11/082—Construction of plunger or mould for making solid articles, e.g. lenses having profiled, patterned or microstructured surfaces
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B81—MICROSTRUCTURAL TECHNOLOGY
- B81C—PROCESSES OR APPARATUS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR THE MANUFACTURE OR TREATMENT OF MICROSTRUCTURAL DEVICES OR SYSTEMS
- B81C1/00—Manufacture or treatment of devices or systems in or on a substrate
- B81C1/00436—Shaping materials, i.e. techniques for structuring the substrate or the layers on the substrate
- B81C1/00523—Etching material
- B81C1/00531—Dry etching
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03B—MANUFACTURE, SHAPING, OR SUPPLEMENTARY PROCESSES
- C03B11/00—Pressing molten glass or performed glass reheated to equivalent low viscosity without blowing
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03B—MANUFACTURE, SHAPING, OR SUPPLEMENTARY PROCESSES
- C03B11/00—Pressing molten glass or performed glass reheated to equivalent low viscosity without blowing
- C03B11/06—Construction of plunger or mould
- C03B11/08—Construction of plunger or mould for making solid articles, e.g. lenses
- C03B11/084—Construction of plunger or mould for making solid articles, e.g. lenses material composition or material properties of press dies therefor
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B41/00—After-treatment of mortars, concrete, artificial stone or ceramics; Treatment of natural stone
- C04B41/009—After-treatment of mortars, concrete, artificial stone or ceramics; Treatment of natural stone characterised by the material treated
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B41/00—After-treatment of mortars, concrete, artificial stone or ceramics; Treatment of natural stone
- C04B41/53—After-treatment of mortars, concrete, artificial stone or ceramics; Treatment of natural stone involving the removal of at least part of the materials of the treated article, e.g. etching, drying of hardened concrete
- C04B41/5338—Etching
- C04B41/5346—Dry etching
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B41/00—After-treatment of mortars, concrete, artificial stone or ceramics; Treatment of natural stone
- C04B41/80—After-treatment of mortars, concrete, artificial stone or ceramics; Treatment of natural stone of only ceramics
- C04B41/91—After-treatment of mortars, concrete, artificial stone or ceramics; Treatment of natural stone of only ceramics involving the removal of part of the materials of the treated articles, e.g. etching
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23F—NON-MECHANICAL REMOVAL OF METALLIC MATERIAL FROM SURFACE; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL; MULTI-STEP PROCESSES FOR SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL INVOLVING AT LEAST ONE PROCESS PROVIDED FOR IN CLASS C23 AND AT LEAST ONE PROCESS COVERED BY SUBCLASS C21D OR C22F OR CLASS C25
- C23F4/00—Processes for removing metallic material from surfaces, not provided for in group C23F1/00 or C23F3/00
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
- G02B6/10—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings of the optical waveguide type
- G02B6/12—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings of the optical waveguide type of the integrated circuit kind
- G02B6/13—Integrated optical circuits characterised by the manufacturing method
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
- G02B6/10—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings of the optical waveguide type
- G02B6/12—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings of the optical waveguide type of the integrated circuit kind
- G02B6/13—Integrated optical circuits characterised by the manufacturing method
- G02B6/136—Integrated optical circuits characterised by the manufacturing method by etching
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B81—MICROSTRUCTURAL TECHNOLOGY
- B81C—PROCESSES OR APPARATUS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR THE MANUFACTURE OR TREATMENT OF MICROSTRUCTURAL DEVICES OR SYSTEMS
- B81C2201/00—Manufacture or treatment of microstructural devices or systems
- B81C2201/01—Manufacture or treatment of microstructural devices or systems in or on a substrate
- B81C2201/0101—Shaping material; Structuring the bulk substrate or layers on the substrate; Film patterning
- B81C2201/0128—Processes for removing material
- B81C2201/0143—Focussed beam, i.e. laser, ion or e-beam
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03B—MANUFACTURE, SHAPING, OR SUPPLEMENTARY PROCESSES
- C03B2215/00—Press-moulding glass
- C03B2215/02—Press-mould materials
- C03B2215/05—Press-mould die materials
- C03B2215/07—Ceramic or cermets
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03B—MANUFACTURE, SHAPING, OR SUPPLEMENTARY PROCESSES
- C03B2215/00—Press-moulding glass
- C03B2215/40—Product characteristics
- C03B2215/41—Profiled surfaces
- C03B2215/412—Profiled surfaces fine structured, e.g. fresnel lenses, prismatic reflectors, other sharp-edged surface profiles
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P40/00—Technologies relating to the processing of minerals
- Y02P40/50—Glass production, e.g. reusing waste heat during processing or shaping
- Y02P40/57—Improving the yield, e-g- reduction of reject rates
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a technique for finely processing a substance containing tungsten (W) and carbon (C), a mold including a substance containing tungsten (W) and carbon (C) as a constituent element, and a method for forming the mold, Relates to a method for suitably manufacturing a molding die having a fine pattern shape using a cemented carbide containing tungsten and carbon as main components.
- An optical waveguide which is a main component of an optical circuit component, is generally made by forming a desired groove pattern on a glass substrate using a lithography technique typified by a semiconductor process and a dry etching technique. Can do. However, since this method requires an expensive manufacturing apparatus, there is a problem that it is difficult to reduce the cost of the optical waveguide component. Therefore, as described in Patent Document 1, a mold (so-called mold) in which a desired concavo-convex structure is formed is press-bonded to the surface of a soft plastic material having glass power, thereby allowing the desired surface to be formed on the glass surface. A method for forming such an optical waveguide or the like has attracted attention.
- a desired optical waveguide can be mass-produced as long as there is a mold, and an optical circuit component can be provided inexpensively.
- the mold since this glass forming method needs to be performed at high temperature and high pressure, the mold is required to have heat resistance, rigidity and durability.
- a WC alloy mainly composed of tungsten (W) and carbon (C), which are super hard metals.
- Patent Document 2 describes that WC is made of CF or SF.
- a conventional dry etching method will be described with reference to FIGS. 6 (a) and 6 (b).
- a reaction chamber 101 or a gas supply port 102 capable of maintaining pressure in a reduced pressure state is provided, and a gas exhaust port 103 is provided.
- a plasma generator 104 is provided above the reaction chamber 101 to bring the gas supplied from the gas supply port 102 into a plasma state.
- An insulator 105 is provided.
- An RF (radio wave) power source 108 for applying a bias to the electrode 106 is provided outside the reaction chamber 101.
- etching shown in FIG. 6 (a) is exemplified by using CF as an etching gas.
- CF is removed from the gas supply port 102.
- a resist pattern 112 is formed on the WC substrate 111.
- the pattern side wall force of the WC substrate 111 formed by etching is a bowed shape, that is, a bowing shape for the following reason.
- the etching of the WC substrate 111 In the etching of the WC substrate 111, most ions, like the ion 113a, are incident on the WC substrate 111 almost perpendicularly.
- the ions basically have an energy spread (ion energy angular distribution). Therefore, there are ions that are incident on the WC substrate 111 at an angle, such as the ions 113b. Therefore, anisotropic (vertical) etching of the WC substrate 111 is realized by the ions 113a incident perpendicularly to the WC substrate 111 using the resist pattern 112 as an etching mask.
- the pattern side wall of the WC substrate 111 is etched by the impact of the ions 113b obliquely incident on the WC substrate 111. As a result, the pattern side wall has a bowing shape as shown in FIG. End up
- a resist pattern 122 is formed on the WC alloy substrate 121 as shown in FIG. 7 (b).
- the resist pattern 122 is usually formed by a lithography technique.
- pattern transfer is performed on the WC alloy substrate 121 using the resist pattern 122 as a mask. At that time, pattern transfer is performed by dry etching technology.
- the ions 123 incident on the WC alloy substrate 121 from the plasma have an energy spread. Therefore, in addition to the component A incident perpendicularly to the surface of the WC alloy substrate 121, in addition, there are components that are obliquely incident on the surface, that is, oblique incident components B and C. As a result, the pattern sidewalls of the WC alloy substrate 121 are etched by these obliquely incident ions, as shown in FIG. 7 (c).
- the etching cross-sectional shape is a so-called bowing shape.
- nanoimprint method such as nanoimprint lithography (see, for example, Patent Document 3 and Non-Patent Document 1) proposed by SY Chou et al. .
- the nanoimprint method is a technology for forming a fine resist pattern by pressing a mold against a resist thin film formed on a semiconductor wafer.
- the nanoimprint method is still aimed at forming a nano-order fine pattern as a minimum dimension. It is a technology under development.
- an easily processed SiO film or SiN film is used for the microstructure forming part of the conventional mold used in the nanoimprint method.
- Patent Document 1 Japanese Patent No. 3152831
- Patent Document 2 JP-A-1-98229
- Patent Document 3 US Patent No. 5772905
- Non-Patent Document 1 Stephen Y. Chou et al., Appl. Phys. Lett., Vol. 67, 1995, p. 3114-311 6
- Patent Document 4 JP-A-2-94520
- the conventional dry etching method has a problem that a highly accurate fine structure cannot be formed on the surface of the WC alloy and the inside thereof. As a result, there was a serious problem that a WC alloy mold having a high-definition fine structure could not be manufactured.
- an object of the present invention is to provide a WC alloy dry etching method capable of realizing a vertical etching shape by preventing etching of a pattern side wall.
- the present invention can form a highly accurate microstructure with a vertical shape on the surface and inside of the WC alloy. It is an object of the present invention to provide a fine structure forming method.
- an object of the present invention is to provide a WC alloy mold having a high-definition microstructure and a manufacturing method thereof.
- the dry etching method according to the present invention performs etching on an object containing tungsten and carbon by using plasma generated by gas force containing chlorine atoms.
- an etching force that can realize a high-precision vertical shape or a high-precision forward taper shape without a bowing shape on the surface and inside of an object containing tungsten and carbon is possible. It becomes.
- the object containing tungsten and carbon include an object composed mainly of WC alloy or WC (the total composition of W and C is 50 at% or more).
- the gas containing a chlorine atom also has a force of chlorine molecules, hydrogen chloride molecules, or boron trichloride molecules or a mixture of two or more thereof. In this way, since these molecules are relatively small molecules, it is easy to handle gas supply and the like, and chlorine can be efficiently generated by plasma discharge.
- the plasma is generated by a mixed gas force of the gas containing chlorine atoms and the gas containing oxygen atoms.
- the etching rate of the object containing tungsten and carbon can be increased by the effect of adding oxygen.
- the gas containing oxygen atoms also has a force of oxygen molecules, nitric oxide molecules, oxysulfur molecules or oxycarbon molecules, or a mixture of two or more thereof. If it does in this way, oxygen can be supplied efficiently.
- the gas containing chlorine atoms preferably contains oxygen atoms.
- the etching rate of the object containing tungsten and carbon can be increased by the effect of adding oxygen.
- the plasma is generated from a gas mixture containing a gas containing chlorine atoms and a rare gas.
- the plasma discharge can be further stabilized by the noble gas-added calorie effect, so-called process win.
- the dough (applicable process condition range) can be easily expanded.
- the plasma may be generated from a mixed gas of the gas containing chlorine atoms and a gas containing halogen atoms other than chlorine atoms.
- the gas containing a halogen atom may be a gas containing a fluorine atom, a gas containing a bromine atom, or a gas containing an iodine atom, or a mixed gas of two or more thereof.
- the etching rate can be improved by the effect of fluorine without impairing the vertical shape processing characteristics by chlorine.
- the effect of bromine or iodine can increase the side wall protection effect of the processed part, so that not only vertical shape machining can be realized.
- a forward taper shape machining can be realized.
- the gas containing chlorine atoms may contain fluorine atoms. Specifically, CIF, CC1F, CCl F, CCl F, CIF Br or CIF
- the gas containing a chlorine atom may contain a halogen atom other than a chlorine atom.
- a halogen atom other than a chlorine atom.
- IC1 CIF Br, CIF I, BrCl or the like may be used.
- the fine structure forming method according to the present invention includes a step of forming a mask pattern on an object containing tungsten and carbon, and a plasma generated from a gas containing chlorine atoms using the mask pattern. Etching the object.
- an etching force that can realize a highly accurate vertical shape or a high accuracy forward taper shape on the surface and inside of an object containing tungsten and carbon can be obtained. Is possible.
- the gas containing a chlorine atom preferably has a force of chlorine molecule, hydrogen chloride molecule or boron trichloride molecule, or a mixture of two or more thereof. .
- these molecules are relatively small molecules, it is easy to handle gas supply and the like, and chlorine can be efficiently generated by plasma discharge. For this reason, high-precision vertical shape processing can be performed at a lower cost on an object containing tungsten and carbon.
- the plasma is generated from a mixed gas of the gas containing chlorine atoms and the gas containing oxygen atoms.
- the etching rate of the object containing tungsten and carbon is increased due to the effect of addition of oxygen, so that high-precision vertical shape processing can be performed on the object at high speed.
- the gas containing oxygen atoms is a force of oxygen molecules, nitric oxide molecules, sulfur oxide molecules, or oxidized carbon molecules, or a mixture of two or more thereof. In this way, since oxygen can be supplied efficiently, high-precision vertical shape processing can be performed stably and at high speed on an object containing tungsten and carbon.
- the gas containing chlorine atoms preferably contains oxygen atoms.
- the etching rate of the object containing tungsten and carbon is increased due to the effect of addition of oxygen, so that high-precision vertical shape processing can be performed on the object at high speed.
- the plasma is preferably generated from a mixed gas mixture of the gas containing chlorine atoms and a rare gas.
- the plasma discharge can be made more stable due to the effect of adding a rare gas, so that highly accurate vertical shape processing can be stably performed on an object containing tungsten and carbon.
- the plasma may be generated from a mixed gas of the gas containing chlorine atoms and a gas containing halogen atoms other than chlorine atoms.
- the gas containing a halogen atom may be a gas containing a fluorine atom, a gas containing a bromine atom, or a gas containing an iodine atom, or a mixed gas of two or more of them! / ⁇ .
- the etching rate can be improved by the effect of fluorine without impairing the vertical shape addition characteristics by chlorine, so an object containing tungsten and carbon.
- the gas containing chlorine atoms contains fluorine atoms. It may be. Specifically, C1F, CC1F, CC1 F, CC1 F, C1F Br or C1F I
- the gas containing chlorine atoms may contain halogen atoms other than chlorine atoms.
- the gas containing chlorine atoms may contain halogen atoms other than chlorine atoms.
- IC1, C1F Br, C1F I, BrCl or the like may be used.
- an object containing tungsten and carbon is covered with a mold using a plasma generated from a gas containing chlorine atoms.
- the mold manufacturing method of the present invention since it is a mold manufacturing method using the dry etching method of the present invention, an object force including tungsten and carbon and a vertical cross-sectional shape or a forward tapered cross section are obtained. It is possible to manufacture a mold having minute irregularities having a shape.
- the gas containing chlorine atoms preferably has a force of chlorine molecules, hydrogen chloride molecules, or boron trichloride molecules or a mixture of two or more thereof. .
- these molecules are relatively small molecules, it is easy to handle gas supply and the like, and chlorine can be efficiently generated by plasma discharge. For this reason, it is possible to manufacture a mold having minute unevenness having a highly accurate vertical side wall at a lower cost.
- the plasma also generates a mixed gas force of the gas containing chlorine atoms and the gas containing oxygen atoms.
- the etching rate of the object containing tungsten and carbon is increased due to the effect of addition of oxygen, so that a mold having minute unevenness having a highly accurate vertical side wall can be manufactured at high speed.
- the gas containing oxygen atoms also has a force of oxygen molecules, nitric oxide molecules, oxysulfur molecules or oxycarbon molecules, or a mixture of two or more thereof. In this way, since oxygen can be supplied efficiently, it is possible to stably and rapidly manufacture a mold having minute unevenness having a highly accurate vertical side wall.
- the gas containing chlorine atoms preferably contains oxygen atoms. This increases the etching rate of the object containing tungsten and carbon due to the effect of oxygen addition. A mold having small irregularities can be manufactured at high speed.
- the plasma is generated from a gas mixture containing a chlorine atom and a rare gas. In this way, since the plasma discharge becomes more stable due to the noble gas-added calorie effect, it is possible to more stably manufacture a mold having minute irregularities having high-precision vertical side walls.
- the plasma may be generated from a mixed gas of the gas containing chlorine atoms and a gas containing halogen atoms other than chlorine atoms.
- the gas containing a halogen atom may be a gas containing a fluorine atom, a gas containing a bromine atom, or a gas containing an iodine atom, or a mixed gas of two or more thereof.
- the etching rate can be improved by the effect of fluorine without impairing the vertical shape processing characteristics by chlorine, so that a highly accurate vertical shape side wall can be obtained.
- the gas containing chlorine atoms may contain fluorine atoms. Specifically, C1F, CC1F, CCl F, CCl F, C1F Br or C1F
- the gas containing chlorine atoms may contain a halogen atom other than chlorine atoms.
- a halogen atom other than chlorine atoms.
- IC1, C1F Br, C1F I, BrCl or the like may be used.
- the mold according to the present invention is manufactured by molding an object containing tungsten and carbon using plasma generated from a gas vessel containing chlorine atoms.
- the mold of the present invention since it is a mold manufactured by using the dry etching method of the present invention, the object force including tungsten and carbon is obtained, and the microscopic shape has a vertical sectional shape or a forward tapered sectional shape. A mold having irregularities can be provided.
- the gas containing chlorine atoms is a force of a chlorine molecule, a hydrogen chloride molecule, or a boron trichloride molecule, or a mixture of two or more thereof. In this way, since these molecules are relatively small molecules, it is easy to handle gas supply and the like, and chlorine can be efficiently generated by plasma discharge. Therefore, it is possible to provide a mold having minute irregularities having a highly accurate vertical side wall at a lower cost.
- the plasma is preferably generated from a mixed gas of the gas containing chlorine atoms and the gas containing oxygen atoms.
- the etching rate of the object containing tungsten and carbon is increased due to the effect of addition of oxygen, so that a mold having fine irregularities having a highly accurate vertical side wall can be manufactured and provided at high speed.
- the gas containing oxygen atoms is a force of oxygen molecules, nitric oxide molecules, sulfur oxide molecules or carbon oxide molecules or a mixture of two or more thereof. In this way, oxygen can be supplied efficiently, so that a mold having minute irregularities having highly accurate vertical sidewalls can be manufactured and provided stably.
- the gas containing chlorine atoms preferably contains oxygen atoms.
- the etching rate of the object containing tungsten and carbon is increased due to the effect of addition of oxygen, so that a mold having minute unevenness having a highly accurate vertical side wall can be manufactured and provided at high speed.
- the plasma is preferably generated from a mixed gas of the gas containing chlorine atoms and a rare gas.
- the plasma discharge becomes more stable due to the effect of adding a rare gas, it is possible to more stably manufacture and provide a mold having minute unevenness having a highly accurate vertical side wall.
- the plasma may be generated from a mixed gas of the gas containing chlorine atoms and a gas containing halogen atoms other than chlorine atoms.
- the gas containing a halogen atom may be a gas containing a fluorine atom, a gas containing a bromine atom, a gas containing an iodine atom, or a mixed gas of two or more thereof.
- gas containing fluorine atoms when gas containing fluorine atoms is mixed, the vertical shape processing characteristics by chlorine Since the etching rate can be improved by the effect of fluorine without impairing the mold, a mold having minute unevenness having a highly accurate vertical side wall can be manufactured and provided at a higher speed.
- the side wall protection effect of the processed part can be increased by the effect of bromine or iodine. It is possible to provide a mold having minute unevenness having a highly accurate forward tapered side wall that is not limited to a mold having unevenness.
- the gas containing chlorine atoms may contain fluorine atoms. Specifically, using C1F, CC1F, CC1 F, CC1 F, C1F Br, C1F I, etc.
- the gas containing chlorine atoms may contain halogen atoms other than chlorine atoms.
- the gas containing chlorine atoms may contain halogen atoms other than chlorine atoms.
- Another dry etching method provides a first material containing any one of an iodine atom, a chlorine atom, and a bromine atom with respect to a forming material having a cemented carbide strength mainly composed of tungsten and carbon.
- Etching is performed using plasma radicals generated from an etching gas column that is a mixture of a second gas that also has an inert gas force and a third gas that also has an oxygen gas force.
- an etching mask having a predetermined pattern shape is formed on the surface of a forming material made of a cemented carbide mainly composed of tungsten and carbon.
- An etching gas formed by mixing the forming step with a first gas containing any of iodine atoms, chlorine atoms or bromine atoms, a second gas having an inert gas force, and a third gas having an oxygen gas force And dry-etching the forming material with plasma radicals generated by the substrate to form convex portions corresponding to the etching mask.
- the etching gas is 0.13 or more of the third gas with respect to the first gas.
- the first gas is a gas containing iodine atoms
- the first gas is hydrogen iodide gas or trifluoromethane iodide.
- the gas containing the chlorine atoms as the first gas is preferable.
- the first gas is preferably chlorine gas or trichloroboron gas.
- the first gas is a gas containing bromine atoms, bromine gas or hydrogen bromide gas. Is preferred to be.
- the second gas is argon.
- the pattern bottom can be etched efficiently not only by chlorine but also by fluorine, so that higher-speed vertical shape etching can be performed.
- fine irregularities having a vertical cross-sectional shape or a forward tapered cross-sectional shape can be formed on the surface and inside of an object containing tungsten and carbon.
- the mold manufacturing method of the present invention it is possible to manufacture a mold having microscopic irregularities having an object force including tungsten and carbon and having a vertical cross-sectional shape or a forward tapered cross-sectional shape.
- the mold of the present invention it is possible to provide a mold that has an object force including tungsten and carbon and has minute unevenness having a vertical sectional shape or a forward tapered sectional shape.
- the etching rate is remarkably improved as compared with the case of using a fluorine-based gas, and in addition to this, the etching rate is further improved by further mixing oxygen gas into the etching gas. Therefore, even when the etching depth is set to a relatively large value of about 10 m, for example, the etching process can be completed in a short time.
- the cross-sectional shape of the etching mask can be maintained as a rectangular initial cross-sectional shape without causing a shape change due to side etching in the etching mask, and the etching condition during the etching process can be maintained.
- the amount of product generated can be suppressed.
- the second gas mixed in the etching gas as an inert gas effectively removes the etching compound generated on the surface of the forming material by sputtering. As described above, for example, even when a convex part having a relatively large height of about 10 / zm is formed on the base as a fine pattern, the side wall of the convex part after the formation is relative to the base.
- the etching rate of the forming material mainly composed of tungsten and carbon is set to the mixing ratio of the oxygen gas that is the third gas to the first gas containing any one of iodine atom, chlorine atom, and bromine atom. Therefore, if the mixing ratio of the third gas to the first gas is set in the range of 0.15 or more and 0.6 or less, a high etching rate can be obtained.
- the first gas is a gas containing iodine atoms
- a high etching rate of about 300 nm or more can be obtained per minute
- the first gas is either a chlorine atom or a bromine atom.
- a high etching rate of about 150 to 200 nm per minute can be obtained. Therefore, in etching using a fluorine-based gas as an etching gas, for example, an etching time for obtaining a desired etching depth is required as compared with the case where an etching time as long as about 200 minutes is required to etch to a depth of 10 ⁇ m. Time can be significantly reduced.
- the third gas with respect to the first gas containing any one of iodine atom, chlorine atom and bromine atom is used.
- the mixing ratio of certain oxygen gas is set to 0.3, the etching rate can be maximized.
- the first gas is a gas containing iodine atoms
- the etching rate reaches a maximum value of about 500 nm per minute, and etching is performed to a depth of about 10 m by etching for 20 minutes. It becomes possible.
- the etching rate reaches a maximum value of about 350 nm per minute and can be etched to a depth of about 7 ⁇ m by 20 minutes of etching. Become. Furthermore, when the first gas is a gas containing bromine atoms, the etching rate is about 300 nm per minute, and etching can be performed to a depth of about 6 ⁇ m by etching for 20 minutes. It becomes. As described above, by setting the mixing ratio of the oxygen gas that is the third gas to the first gas containing any one of iodine atom, chlorine atom, or bromine atom to 0.3, a desired etching depth is set. The etching time for obtaining the above can be further greatly shortened.
- the gas when the first gas is a gas containing iodine atoms, the gas is hydrogen iodide gas or In the case of trifluoromethane iodide, these gases are easily gasified. Ching can be performed stably.
- the first gas is a gas containing a chlorine atom
- the gas is a chlorine gas or a trichloride salt.
- boron gas is used, these gases are easily gasified, so that dry etching can be performed stably.
- the gas is bromine gas or hydrogen bromide.
- these gases are easily gasified, so that dry etching can be performed stably.
- the inert gas that is the second gas is argon
- the forming material is tungsten, carbon, and Even in the case of a cemented carbide containing as a main component, the compound produced by etching can be efficiently removed by sputtering.
- argon gas has the advantage of being inexpensive.
- FIG. 1 (a) and (b) are explanatory views of a dry etching method according to a first embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 2 is an explanatory diagram of a dry etching method according to a second embodiment of the present invention.
- 3 (a) and 3 (b) are explanatory views of a dry etching method according to a third embodiment of the present invention.
- 4 (a) to 4 (f) are cross-sectional views showing respective steps of a microstructure forming method and a mold manufacturing method using the same according to a fourth embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 5 (a) is a cross-sectional view of the entire mold according to the fifth embodiment of the present invention
- FIGS. 5 (b) to 5 (g) are the surfaces of the mold shown in FIG. 5 (a), respectively. It is a figure which shows the state which expanded the micro unevenness
- FIGS. 6 (a) and 6 (b) are explanatory views of a conventional dry etching method.
- FIGS. 7A to 7D are cross-sectional views showing respective steps of a conventional microstructure forming method and a mold manufacturing method using the same.
- FIGS. 8 (a) to 8 (c) are cross-sectional views showing respective steps of a molding die manufacturing method according to a comparative example.
- FIGS. 9 (a) and 9 (b) are cross-sectional views showing respective steps of a method for producing a molding die according to a comparative example.
- FIG. 10 is a diagram showing a schematic cross-sectional configuration of an ICP plasma etching apparatus for embodying a molding die manufacturing method according to a sixth embodiment of the present invention.
- FIGS. 11 (a) to 11 (c) are cross-sectional views showing respective steps of a method for manufacturing a molding die according to the sixth embodiment of the present invention and its modification.
- FIG. 12 is a perspective view showing a molding die to be formed by the molding die manufacturing method according to the sixth embodiment of the present invention and its modification.
- FIG. 13 is a view showing the relationship between the mixing rate of oxygen gas with respect to hydrogen iodide gas in the etching gas and the etching rate in the method for manufacturing a molding die according to the sixth embodiment of the present invention. .
- FIG. 14 shows an outline of a hot press molding machine for manufacturing a waveguide substrate using a molding die manufactured by the molding die manufacturing method according to the sixth embodiment of the present invention and its modification. Show the cross-sectional structure.
- FIG. 15 (a) is a view showing another example of the cross-sectional configuration of the molding die manufactured by the manufacturing method of the molding die according to the sixth embodiment of the present invention and its modification.
- 15 (b) and (c) are cross-sectional views showing respective steps for producing the molding die shown in FIG. 15 (a).
- FIG. 16 is a diagram showing a schematic cross-sectional configuration of an ICP plasma etching apparatus for embodying the manufacturing method of the molding die according to the first modification of the sixth embodiment of the present invention. 17] FIG. 17 shows the relationship between the mixing rate of oxygen gas with respect to chlorine gas in the etching gas and the etching rate in the manufacturing method of the molding die according to the first modification of the sixth embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 17
- FIG. 18 is a diagram showing a schematic cross-sectional configuration of an ICP plasma etching apparatus for embodying a method for manufacturing a molding die according to a second modification of the sixth embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 19 shows the mixing ratio of oxygen gas to the hydrogen bromide gas in the etching gas and the etching rate in the manufacturing method of the molding die according to the second modification of the sixth embodiment of the present invention.
- FIGS. 1 (a) and 1 (b) are explanatory views of a dry etching method according to the first embodiment of the present invention.
- a gas supply port 2 and a gas exhaust port 3 are provided in a reaction chamber 1 capable of maintaining pressure in a reduced pressure state.
- a plasma generation device 4 for bringing the gas supplied from the gas supply port 2 into a plasma state is provided in the upper part of the reaction chamber 1.
- an electrode 6 serving as a mounting table for an object to be processed, specifically, a WC alloy substrate or a substrate having a WC alloy on its surface (hereinafter collectively referred to as a WC substrate) 7 is provided at the bottom of the reaction chamber 1. It is provided via an insulator 5.
- An RF (radio wave) power source 8 for applying a bias to the electrode 6 is provided outside the reaction chamber 1.
- C1 gas is introduced into the reaction chamber 1 from the gas supply port 2 and is introduced into the plasma generator 4.
- plasma 50 composed of C1 gas is generated, and at the same time, R is applied to the WC substrate 7 by the RF power supply 8.
- FIG. 1 (b) shows a state where the WC substrate is being etched by the dry etching method of the present embodiment. As shown in FIG.
- the power is omitted in the figure.
- Chlorine radicals (see Chlorine radical 9 in Fig. 1 (a)) are isotropically scattered from the plasma.
- chlorine radicals are partially physically adsorbed or chemically adsorbed on the etching cache surface (the bottom and side walls of the WC substrate 11 and the top and sides of the resist pattern 12), or are reflected on the etched surface. It is thought that it returns to the gas phase or is re-released after being physically adsorbed once on the etching surface.
- the spontaneous chemical reaction due to chlorine radicals adsorbed on the etching cage surface is less likely to occur than in the case of fluorine.
- the boiling points of WC1 and WC1 are 275.6 ° C and 346.7 respectively.
- etching that can realize a high-precision vertical shape without a bowing shape is formed on the surface and inside of a WC alloy that is a substance mainly composed of tungsten and carbon. It can be carried out.
- chlorine molecules are used as the gas containing chlorine atoms.
- either hydrogen chloride molecules or boron trichloride molecules are used instead of chlorine molecules.
- a mixture of two gases or a mixture of all of chlorine molecules, hydrogen chloride molecules and boron trichloride molecules may be used.
- the dry etching method of the present invention can also be carried out using other chlorine-containing gases other than those described above, but in general, the larger the molecules, the lower the vapor pressure and, in some cases, the solid source. And the cost of using it increases.
- the flow rate of the gas containing oxygen is less than 10% of the total gas flow rate of the gas containing chlorine and oxygen, respectively.
- the flow rate of the gas containing oxygen may be set to a desired flow rate within a range of approximately 50% or less of the total gas flow rate.
- oxygen gas can be efficiently supplied by using any of oxygen molecules, nitric oxide molecules, sulfur oxide molecules, carbon oxide molecules, or a mixture of two or more thereof as the gas containing oxygen atoms.
- a gas containing chlorine atoms and oxygen atoms such as COC1, C1FO, NOCl, NO Cl, SO
- the plasma discharge when a rare gas is mixed with a gas containing chlorine atoms, the plasma discharge can be further stabilized by the effect of the rare gas addition, so-called process flow. Indo can be expanded easily. Specifically, by mixing the rare gas at a flow rate several times higher than that of chlorine gas, the electron temperature in the plasma is regulated by the electron temperature of the rare gas, so that the plasma discharge is stabilized.
- Ar may be used as the rare gas.
- He, Ne, Ar, Kr, Xe or Rn as the rare gas, the electron temperature in the plasma can be increased or decreased.
- the electron temperature of a plasma consisting of a rare gas greatly depends on the first ion energy of the rare gas, when a plasma with a high electron temperature is desired to be generated, a rare gas with a lower atomic number is replaced with a low electron temperature. If you want to generate this plasma, use a rare gas with a higher atomic number. Of course, two or more rare gases may be mixed and used.
- a reactive ion etching (RIE) apparatus such as a parallel plate type, a dual frequency parallel plate RIE apparatus, a magnetron-enhanced RIE (MERIE) apparatus, Inductively coupled plasma (ICP) etching equipment, electron cyclotron resonance (ECR) etching equipment, UHF plasma etching equipment, or magnetic neutral loop discharge (NLD) etching equipment, etc. It may be used.
- RIE reactive ion etching
- MIE magnetron-enhanced RIE
- ICP Inductively coupled plasma
- ECR electron cyclotron resonance
- UHF plasma etching equipment UHF plasma etching equipment
- NLD magnetic neutral loop discharge
- the range of etching conditions of this embodiment is, for example, a gas flow rate of several tens to several lOOccZmin (room temperature), and a pressure of 0.1 to 20 Pa.
- the high-frequency plasma for generating plasma is 100 to several kW, and the RF bias is 100 to LkW
- a force for etching a WC substrate mainly composed of tungsten and carbon is used.
- Either a substance or a semiconductor substance may be an etching target.
- the substance containing tungsten and carbon further contains nitrogen, the same effect as in the present embodiment can be obtained. That is, the same effect as that of the present embodiment can be obtained even when a WCN alloy or a WNC alloy is an etching target.
- the dry etching method of this embodiment is different from that of the first embodiment in that a mixed gas of a gas containing chlorine and a gas containing fluorine is used instead of the gas containing chlorine.
- dry etching is performed on a material mainly composed of tungsten and carbon by generating plasma.
- FIG. 2 is an explanatory diagram of the dry etching method according to the second embodiment of the present invention, and shows a state during the etching of the WC substrate by the dry etching method.
- the etching apparatus shown in FIG. 1 (a) is used as in the first embodiment.
- the case of using chlorine molecules as the gas containing chlorine and CF as the gas containing fluorine is used.
- the WC substrate 11 is etched.
- W etching by F + ions is added to the etching of W by C1 + ions as in the first embodiment, this embodiment is different from the case of the first embodiment.
- WC1 reattaches to the processing side surface of the WC substrate 11 and the side surface of the resist pattern 12 to form the sidewall protective film 14.
- a part of WF which is another reaction product, contributes to the formation of the side wall protective film 14, but most of the other is reflected by the surface of the side wall protective film 14 and removed. Therefore, the etching reaction of the pattern side wall of the WC substrate 11 due to the ions 15c obliquely incident on the WC substrate 11 is prevented by the side wall protective film 14.
- a vertical etching shape can be realized on the surface and inside of the WC substrate 11.
- the salt By using a gas containing fluorine in combination with a gas containing fluorine, high-speed etching can be realized not only by the effect of chlorine but also by the effect of fluorine.
- chlorine molecules are used as the gas containing chlorine atoms.
- either hydrogen chloride molecules or boron trichloride molecules are used instead of chlorine molecules.
- a mixture of two gases or a mixture of all of chlorine molecules, hydrogen chloride molecules and boron trichloride molecules may be used.
- the dry etching method of the present invention can also be carried out using other chlorine-containing gases other than those described above, but in general, the larger the molecules, the lower the vapor pressure and, in some cases, the solid source. And the cost of using it increases.
- a hydrogen fluoride carbon gas such as CH 3 F may be used. Or mixed with gas containing fluorine atoms.
- Chlorine fluoride gas such as 3 may be used.
- F fluorine fluoride gas
- F gas or the like diluted to about 3% by volume with He in advance.
- each of the gases containing fluorine atoms has a small molecular weight, the gas can be supplied easily and a low-cost etching force can be obtained.
- fluorine atoms with respect to the total flow rate of the gas containing chlorine atoms and the gas containing fluorine atoms are used. It is more preferable to set the mixing ratio of the gas containing about 30% by volume to about 70% by volume, preferably about 20% by volume to about 80% by volume. In this way, it is possible to obtain the effect of a high etching rate, which is an advantage of the gas containing fluorine atoms without losing the side wall protective film formation effect by WC1, which is a characteristic of the gas containing chlorine atoms.
- the C is removed as CO or CO by oxygen radicals and oxygen ions.
- the flow rate of the gas containing oxygen may be set to a desired flow rate within a range of approximately 50% or less of the total gas flow rate.
- oxygen can be efficiently supplied by using any of oxygen molecules, nitrogen oxide molecules, sulfur oxide molecules, carbon oxide molecules, or a mixture of two or more thereof as the gas containing oxygen atoms.
- a gas containing oxygen atoms for example, a gas containing chlorine atoms and oxygen atoms, for example, COC1, C1FO, NOCl, NOCl, SOC1, SOCI, or SOHC1 is used.
- the plasma discharge when rare gas is mixed with a gas containing chlorine atoms and a gas containing fluorine atoms, the plasma discharge can be further stabilized due to the effect of the rare gas addition.
- the so-called process window can be easily enlarged.
- the electron temperature in the plasma is regulated by the electron temperature of the rare gas, so that the plasma discharge is stabilized.
- Ar may be used as the rare gas.
- He, Ne, Ar, Kr, Xe or Rn as the rare gas, the electron temperature in the plasma can be increased or decreased.
- the electron temperature of a plasma that also has a rare gas force depends greatly on the first ion energy of the rare gas, if you want to generate a plasma with a high electron temperature, use a lower noble gas with a lower atomic number. When you want to generate electron temperature plasma, you can use a rare gas with a larger atomic number. Of course, two or more rare gases may be mixed and used.
- a reactive ion etching (RIE) apparatus such as a parallel plate type, a dual frequency parallel plate type RIE apparatus, a magnetron-enhanced RIE (MERIE) apparatus,
- RIE reactive ion etching
- MIE magnetron-enhanced RIE
- a misaligned etching apparatus such as an inductively coupled plasma (ICP) etching apparatus, an electron cyclotron resonance (ECR) etching apparatus, a UHF plasma etching apparatus, or a magnetic neutral discharge (NLD) etching apparatus may be used.
- ICP inductively coupled plasma
- ECR electron cyclotron resonance
- NLD magnetic neutral discharge
- a force for etching a WC substrate mainly composed of tungsten and carbon is used.
- a metal having a surface containing a substance containing tungsten and carbon Either an insulating material or a semiconductor material may be an etching target.
- the substance containing tungsten and carbon further contains nitrogen, the same effect as in the present embodiment can be obtained. That is, the same effect as that of the present embodiment can be obtained even when a WCN alloy or a WNC alloy is an etching target.
- the dry etching method of the present embodiment is different from that of the first embodiment in that a mixed gas of a gas containing chlorine and at least one of a gas containing bromine and a gas containing iodine is used instead of the gas containing chlorine.
- This is the dry etching of a substance mainly composed of tandastain and carbon by generating plasma.
- FIGS. 3A and 3B are explanatory views of a dry etching method according to the third embodiment of the present invention, showing a state in the middle of etching of a WC substrate by the dry etching method.
- FIG. 3 (a) shows a case where the sidewall protective film is formed thin
- FIG. 3 (b) shows a case where the sidewall protective film is formed thick.
- the etching apparatus shown in FIG. 1 (a) is used.
- the side wall protective film 14 prevents the etching reaction on the pattern side wall of the WC substrate 11 due to the ions 16c obliquely incident on the WC substrate 11.
- a vertical etching shape can be realized on the surface and inside of the WC substrate 11 as shown in FIG. 3A, and the sidewall protective film 14 is relatively thick.
- a forward tapered etching shape can be realized on the surface and inside of the WC substrate 11.
- the mixing ratio of the gas containing bromine atoms or the gas containing iodine atoms to the total flow rate of the gas containing chlorine atoms and the gas containing bromine atoms or the gas containing iodine atoms is about 30. It is preferable to set it in the range of about volume% or less. Further, even when the mixing ratio is less than about 5%, the side wall protective film formation effect by the gas containing bromine atoms or the gas containing iodine atoms can be sufficiently obtained.
- a mixing ratio of a gas containing chlorine atoms and a gas containing bromine atoms a mixing ratio of a gas containing chlorine atoms and a gas containing iodine atoms, or a gas containing chlorine atoms and a gas containing bromine atoms and iodine atoms
- the thickness of the side wall protective film can be changed by changing the mixing ratio with the gas containing gas. For example, if each mixing ratio is less than 5%, a relatively thin sidewall protective film 14 can be formed as shown in FIG. On the other hand, by increasing the respective mixing ratios, the thickness of the sidewall protective film 14 can be increased.
- the thickness of the sidewall protective film 14 gradually increases, and when it exceeds about 10%, as shown in FIG. However, the thickness of the sidewall protective film 14 is increased to such an extent that etching with a forward tapered shape can be realized.
- the following effects can be obtained. That is, a gas containing a bromine atom in a gas containing a chlorine atom or By mixing and using at least one of the gas containing iodine atoms, the side wall protection effect of the processed part can be increased by the effect of bromine or iodine, so that not only the vertical shape but also the forward tapered shape is etched. Can be processed to obtain
- the gas containing bromine atoms will be described by taking Br as an example.
- HBr HBr
- HI gas containing iodine atoms
- a bromine atom or an iodine atom such as IC1, C1F Br, C1F I, or BrCl.
- the same etching rate increase effect by F as in the second embodiment can be obtained at the same time.
- the C is CO or CO by oxygen radicals and oxygen ions.
- the flow rate of the gas containing oxygen is equal to the total gas flow rate of the gas containing each of chlorine, bromine (or iodine) and oxygen. Even if it is less than 10%, it occurs sufficiently.
- the flow rate of the gas containing oxygen may be set to a desired flow rate within a range of approximately 50% or less of the total gas flow rate.
- oxygen can be supplied efficiently.
- a gas containing oxygen atoms for example, a gas containing chlorine atoms and oxygen atoms, such as COC1, C1FO, NOCl, NOCl, SOC1, SO
- the addition of the gas containing oxygen atoms described above greatly helps to enlarge the process window.
- the plasma discharge when a rare gas is mixed with a gas containing chlorine atoms and a gas containing bromine atoms or iodine atoms, the plasma discharge can be further stabilized due to the effect of the rare gas addition, so-called.
- the process window can be easily enlarged. Specifically, by mixing the rare gas at a flow rate several times higher than that of the chlorine gas, the electron temperature in the plasma is regulated by the electron temperature of the rare gas, so that the plasma discharge is stabilized.
- Ar may be used as the rare gas.
- He, Ne, Ar, Kr, Xe or Rn as the rare gas, the electron temperature in the plasma can be increased or decreased.
- the electron temperature of the plasma which is a rare gas catalyst, greatly depends on the first ion energy of the rare gas
- a rare gas with a smaller atomic number is used.
- a rare gas having a higher atomic number may be used.
- two or more rare gases may be mixed and used.
- a reactive ion etching (RIE) apparatus such as a parallel plate type, a dual frequency parallel plate RIE apparatus, a magnetron-enhanced RIE (MERIE) apparatus,
- RIE reactive ion etching
- MIE magnetron-enhanced RIE
- a misaligned etching apparatus such as an inductively coupled plasma (ICP) etching apparatus, an electron cyclotron resonance (ECR) etching apparatus, a UHF plasma etching apparatus, or a magnetic neutral discharge (NLD) etching apparatus may be used.
- ICP inductively coupled plasma
- ECR electron cyclotron resonance
- NLD magnetic neutral discharge
- the force for etching a WC substrate mainly composed of tungsten and carbon has a substance containing tungsten and carbon on the surface instead. Any metal, insulating material, or semiconductor material may be used as an etching target.
- the substance containing tungsten and carbon further contains nitrogen, the same effect as in the present embodiment can be obtained. That is, the same effect as that of the present embodiment can be obtained even when a WCN alloy or a WNC alloy is used as an etching target.
- FIGS. 4A to 4F are cross-sectional views showing respective steps of a mold manufacturing method according to the fourth embodiment of the present invention.
- a resist pattern 22 is formed on the WC alloy substrate 21 as shown in FIG. 4 (b).
- the resist pattern 22 is usually formed from a lithography technique.
- a resist pattern 22 is formed.
- the pattern is transferred to the WC alloy substrate 21 by performing dry etching on the WC alloy substrate 21 with plasma generated from a gas catalyst containing at least chlorine atoms as a mask.
- dry etching is performed using any dry etching apparatus,
- a WC composite with a micro-concave structure with vertical sidewalls is provided.
- a WC alloy mold made of the gold substrate 21 is formed.
- etching conditions in which the sidewall protective film is formed thick are used.
- dry etching is performed on the WC alloy substrate 21 by a plasma in which a gas force containing at least chlorine atoms is also generated, so that the WC alloy substrate The pattern may be transferred to 21.
- a fine structure having a forward tapered shape as an etching cross-sectional shape is formed on the WC alloy substrate 21.
- the sidewall protective film 24b is deposited to a thickness greater than that necessary to prevent side wall etching by ions, so that the opening area of the processed portion becomes narrower as the etching progresses.
- a WC alloy mold comprising a WC alloy substrate 21 having a fine concavo-convex structure having a forward tapered side wall is formed.
- the fine structure forming method and the mold manufacturing method according to the present embodiment include a step of forming a resist pattern on an object containing tungsten and carbon, and the resist pattern as a mask. And etching the object with a plasma generated from a gas containing at least chlorine atoms. That is, since the present embodiment uses the dry etching method of the present invention (first to third embodiments), the surface and the inside of an object containing tandastene and carbon are highly accurate with no bowing shape. It becomes possible to process into a vertical shape or a highly accurate forward tapered shape. Therefore, it is possible to reliably form a mold having minute irregularities having a vertical sectional shape or a forward tapered sectional shape.
- the force using a resist pattern as an etching mask may be replaced with a hard mask made of an insulating film.
- any of chlorine molecules, hydrogen chloride molecules, or boron trichloride molecules, or a mixture of two or more of them may be used.
- these molecules are relatively small molecules, it is easy to handle gas supply and the like, and chlorine can be efficiently generated by plasma discharge. Therefore, it is cheaper and more precise for substances containing tungsten and carbon.
- Vertical shape processing can be performed every time. As a result, it is possible to manufacture a mold having minute irregularities having a highly accurate vertical side wall at a lower cost.
- the etching rate is increased due to the effect of addition of oxygen, so that high-precision vertical shape processing can be performed at high speed on a substance containing tungsten and carbon.
- FO NOCl, NOCl, SOC1, SOCI, SOHC1, or the like may be used.
- the plasma discharge can be made more stable due to the effect of the addition of a rare gas, so that highly accurate vertical shape calorie can be more stably performed on a substance containing tungsten and carbon. it can. As a result, it is possible to more stably manufacture a mold having minute irregularities having high-precision vertical side walls.
- a gas containing fluorine atoms it is preferable to mix a gas containing fluorine atoms with a gas containing chlorine atoms.
- the etching rate can be improved by the effect of fluorine that does not impair the vertical shape characteristics due to chlorine. For this reason, it is possible to perform high-precision vertical shape processing at a higher speed with respect to a substance containing tungsten and carbon. As a result, it is possible to manufacture a mold having fine unevenness having a highly accurate vertical side wall at a higher speed.
- the gas containing fluorine atoms CF
- fluorocarbon gas such as C F or hydrogen fluoride carbon gas such as CHF or CH F
- a gas containing chlorine atoms and fluorine atoms for example, a chlorine fluoride gas such as C1F may be used.
- fluorine atom F may be used as the gas to be included, but in this case, for safety, 3% by volume with He in advance.
- fluorine atoms are included with respect to the total flow rate of the gas containing chlorine atoms and the gas containing fluorine atoms. It is more preferable to set the gas mixing ratio in the range of about 30% to about 70% by volume, which is preferably set in the range of about 20% to about 80% by volume. In this way, it is possible to obtain the effect of a high etching rate, which is an advantage of the gas containing fluorine atoms without losing the side wall protective film formation effect by WC1, which is a characteristic of the gas containing chlorine atoms.
- a gas containing a bromine atom or a gas containing an iodine atom it is preferable to mix at least one of a gas containing a bromine atom or a gas containing an iodine atom with a gas containing a chlorine atom.
- a gas containing a bromine atom or a gas containing an iodine atom it is preferable to mix at least one of a gas containing a bromine atom or a gas containing an iodine atom with a gas containing a chlorine atom.
- I, HI or the like may be used as the gas.
- Gas containing at least one of iodine atoms such as IC1, C1F Br, C1F I or BrCl
- a molecular gas such as elemental and halogen carbon may be used.
- the same etching rate increase effect by F as in the second embodiment can be obtained at the same time.
- a gas containing chlorine atoms or a gas containing bromine atoms or iodine When mixing at least one of the gas containing elemental atoms, the mixing ratio of the gas containing bromine atoms or the gas containing iodine atoms to the total flow rate of the gas containing chlorine atoms and the gas containing bromine atoms or the gas containing iodine atoms Is preferably set to a range of about 30% by volume or less. Further, even when the mixing ratio is less than about 5%, the effect of forming a sidewall protective film by a gas containing bromine atoms or a gas containing iodine atoms can be sufficiently obtained.
- a mixing ratio of a gas containing chlorine atoms and a gas containing bromine atoms a mixing ratio of a gas containing chlorine atoms and a gas containing iodine atoms, or a gas containing chlorine atoms and a gas containing bromine atoms and iodine atoms
- the thickness of the side wall protective film can be changed by changing the mixing ratio with the gas containing gas. For example, if the mixing ratio is less than 5%, a relatively thin sidewall protective film 24a can be formed as shown in FIG. 4 (c). For this reason, it is possible to perform etching processing in which the processing cross section becomes a vertical shape.
- the thickness of the sidewall protective film can be increased. Specifically, when the mixing ratio is 8% or more, the thickness of the sidewall protective film gradually increases, and when it exceeds about 10%, the processed cross section becomes as shown in FIG. The thickness of the sidewall protective film 24b increases to such an extent that etching with a forward tapered shape can be realized.
- a reactive ion etching (RIE) apparatus such as a parallel plate type, a two-frequency parallel plate type RIE apparatus, a magnetron-enhanced RIE (MERIE) apparatus,
- RIE reactive ion etching
- MIE magnetron-enhanced RIE
- a misaligned etching apparatus such as an inductively coupled plasma (ICP) etching apparatus, an electron cyclotron resonance (ECR) etching apparatus, a UHF plasma etching apparatus, or a magnetic neutral discharge (NLD) etching apparatus may be used.
- ICP inductively coupled plasma
- ECR electron cyclotron resonance
- NLD magnetic neutral discharge
- force for etching a WC substrate mainly composed of tungsten and carbon.
- Either a substance or a semiconductor substance may be an etching target.
- the substance containing tungsten and carbon further contains nitrogen, the same effect as in the present embodiment can be obtained. That is, the same effect as that of the present embodiment can be obtained even when a WCN alloy or a WNC alloy is an etching target.
- the mold according to the present embodiment is the same as that of the mold described in the fourth embodiment. Obtained by the method.
- FIG. 5 (a) is an overall cross-sectional view of the mold according to this embodiment.
- an object 32 containing tungsten and carbon, such as a WC alloy is formed on a base substrate 31.
- minute irregularities having a vertical shape (a shape having a wall perpendicular to the substrate surface) or a forward taper shape are formed by the dry etching method of the first to third embodiments.
- Figures 5 (b) to 5 (d) and 5 (e) to (g) show an enlarged view of the minute irregularities on the mold surface (area surrounded by the alternate long and short dash line) shown in Figure 5 (a). Is shown.
- the mold according to the present embodiment is formed by performing dry etching with plasma generated from a gas containing at least chlorine atoms on a material containing tungsten and carbon, As shown in Fig. 5 (b) to (d), a mold having micro unevenness with a vertical cross-sectional shape without a bowing shape, and a forward taper cross-sectional shape as shown in Figs. 5 (e) to (g) It is possible to realize a mold having minute irregularities having
- a substrate 31a (Fig. 5 (b) or Fig. 5 (e)) also having a metal or conductive material force
- a substrate 31b (Fig. 5 (c)) also having an insulating material force
- the substrate 31c made of a semiconductor material (Fig. 5 (d) or Fig. 5 (g)) may be selected according to the application that may be misaligned.
- the substrate 31a may be used as the base substrate 31 when it is used with electricity flowing on the mold surface.
- the substrate 31b may be used as the base substrate 31.
- any one of a chlorine molecule, a hydrogen chloride molecule, a boron trichloride molecule, or a mixture of two or more of them is used. May be.
- handling such as gas supply becomes easy, and chlorine can be efficiently generated by plasma discharge. Therefore, it is possible to provide a mold having fine irregularities having a highly accurate vertical side wall at a lower cost.
- a gas containing oxygen atoms it is preferable to mix a gas containing oxygen atoms with a gas containing chlorine atoms used for mold production.
- the etching rate is increased due to the effect of addition of oxygen, so that a module with minute irregularities having a highly accurate vertical side wall is provided.
- gas containing chlorine atoms and oxygen atoms such as COC1, C1FO
- the plasma discharge can be further stabilized by the effect of adding a rare gas, so that a mold having minute irregularities having a highly accurate vertical side wall can be more stably manufactured and provided.
- a gas containing a fluorine atom it is preferable to mix a gas containing a fluorine atom with a gas containing a chlorine atom used for mold manufacture.
- the etching rate can be improved by the effect of fluorine without impairing the vertical shape processing characteristics by chlorine. For this reason, it is possible to manufacture and provide a mold having minute unevenness having a highly accurate vertical side wall even faster.
- a gas containing chlorine atoms and fluorine atoms such as C1F
- a chlorine fluoride gas such as 3 may be used.
- the side wall protection effect of the processed part can be increased due to the effect of bromine or iodine. Therefore, the side wall of the high-precision forward taper shape is not sufficient only by the mold having the minute unevenness having the high-precision vertical side wall. It is also possible to provide a mold having minute irregularities.
- a gas containing bromine atoms or a gas containing iodine atoms instead of mixing at least one of a gas containing bromine atoms or a gas containing iodine atoms, a gas containing chlorine atoms and at least one of bromine atoms or iodine atoms, for example, IC1, C1F Br, C1F I or BrCl Etc. may be used.
- a mold having fine irregularities processed with high precision can be stably supplied at low cost.
- a normal force forward taper to the substrate surface in the cross-sectional shape of the convex portion, it is It is possible to freely create minute irregularities having side walls up to a short side) in a wc alloy or the like.
- the processing dimension limit of the micro unevenness in the mold according to the present embodiment greatly depends on the lithography technology for forming the resist pattern, and processing up to the current minimum dimension of about 50 nm is possible.
- the mold according to the present embodiment can be used in a wide range of fields up to nanoimprinting that pursues the minimum manufacturing capacity of optical circuit components with large processing dimensions.
- the mold of this embodiment since the mold of this embodiment has a vertical or forward taper processing cross section without a bowing shape, the concave portion of the mold is not subjected to clogging with the material on the side where the irregularities are transferred. The mold can be easily peeled off.
- the surface of the mold according to the present embodiment is made of metal, a Teflon coat, or a silicon coupling material. What is necessary is just to process. Further, the surface treatment material may be arbitrarily selected according to the substance on the side where the unevenness is transferred by the action of the mold.
- a substance containing tungsten and carbon is used as the surface material of the mold.
- the substance further contains nitrogen, the same effect as in the present embodiment is obtained. can get. That is, the same effect as that of the present embodiment can be obtained even when a WCN alloy or a WNC alloy is used.
- a waveguide substrate having an optical waveguide In the manufacture of a waveguide substrate having an optical waveguide, it is generally used in a semiconductor manufacturing process, and a desired substrate is formed on a glass substrate using lithography and dry etching. A method of forming a fine groove pattern is employed. However, in this method, since it is necessary to form a groove pattern using an expensive apparatus for all glass substrates, a waveguide substrate cannot be obtained at low cost.
- a V-groove for holding an optical fiber, an optical element insertion groove orthogonal to the V-groove, an optical waveguide, and the like on the surface of a glass substrate that is a soft plastic material conventionally has been proposed (see, for example, Patent Document 1).
- a molding die (mold) for molding a waveguide substrate can be processed, it is possible to mass-produce waveguide substrates having the same shape simply by performing hot press molding using the molding die. Thus, an inexpensive waveguide substrate can be obtained.
- the glass molding technique described above is generally used as a glass lens manufacturing process, and it is necessary to perform the molding force at high temperature and high pressure. Therefore, heat resistance, rigidity, and durability are required for molding dies.
- the above-mentioned molding dies are made of a hard metal made of, for example, an alloy of tungsten and carbon (tungsten carbide). It is common to form.
- a fine pattern is formed by dry etching using an etching gas on a thin film such as a tungsten carbide film or a silicon tungsten film.
- a thin film such as a tungsten carbide film or a silicon tungsten film.
- the processed surface of the cemented carbide is a simple curved surface.
- the molding die can be easily manufactured by machining such as grinding with a diamond.
- machining such as grinding with a diamond.
- the longer production time results in lower productivity and higher costs.
- this electrical discharge machining is suitable for the fabrication of molding dies for automobiles and electrical products, but when applied to the fabrication of waveguide substrates, it forms fine patterns with high precision on cemented carbide. It becomes difficult.
- a conventional method for forming a fine pattern on a tungsten-based material by dry etching is generally employed for etching a thin film in a semiconductor process.
- a fluorine-based etching gas for example, CHF, CF or
- the etching rate of tungsten carbide is extremely high.
- the etching depth in thin film etching is as small as 1 micron or less, so a low etching rate is almost no problem! /.
- the temperature of the forming material that also has the cemented carbide strength as the etching time elapses.
- the temperature changes in an unstable manner, so that it becomes difficult to control the etching amount and the etching selectivity with respect to the etching mask is deteriorated.
- the shape of the etching mask changes due to side etching, there arises a problem that it is difficult to obtain a desired fine pattern shape while processing accuracy is extremely poor.
- FIGS. 8 (a) to 8 (c) and FIGS. 9 (a) and 9 (b) are cross-sectional views showing respective steps of a method for manufacturing a molding die according to a comparative example.
- a rectangular cross section is formed on a forming material 40 made of a cemented carbide mainly composed of tungsten and carbon by a lift-off method using gold, cobalt, or nickel as a material.
- An etching mask 41 having a predetermined pattern having a shape is formed.
- the compound force forming material 40 generated by etching adheres to the side wall of the convex portion formed by etching, the side wall becomes difficult to be etched. Therefore, as shown in FIG.
- the sectional shape of the projection obtained by removing the etching mask 41 after completion is not the sectional shape having a desired vertical side wall.
- the etching depth is set to be relatively large in the dry etching for the forming material 40
- the etching time becomes longer, and the etching mask 41 is gradually etched as the long etching time elapses.
- the cross-sectional shape of the etching mask 41 changes from a rectangular initial cross-sectional shape indicated by a broken line in FIG. 9A or 9B to a shape indicated by a solid line, respectively.
- the temperature of the forming material 40 rises and the etching rate becomes unstable.
- the phenomenon that the compound produced by etching adheres to the side wall during etching (the side wall of the convex portion of the forming material 40) and the side wall is etched becomes remarkable.
- the etching selectivity to the etching mask 41 is extremely deteriorated and the transfer of the mask shape is deteriorated due to the difference in the adhesion of the compounds and the occurrence of side etching.
- the cross-sectional shape of the protrusion formed by etching is as shown in FIG.
- a manufacturing method of a molding die (mold) according to a sixth embodiment of the present invention and a modification thereof to be described later has been made in view of the above-described conventional problems, and contains tungsten and carbon as main components. It is an object of the present invention to produce a molding die in which a fine pattern having a rectangular cross-sectional shape is formed with high accuracy on a forming material made of a cemented carbide as described above with high productivity and at low cost.
- FIG. 10 is a diagram showing a schematic cross-sectional configuration of an ICP plasma etching apparatus for embodying the molding die manufacturing method of the present embodiment.
- an ICP plasma etching apparatus having a well-known configuration is used, and the workpiece W, which is a forming material, is dry-etched using the ICP plasma etching apparatus, and a waveguide substrate or the like is used.
- an upper electrode 202 that also has a coil force and a lower electrode 203 that serves as a workpiece mounting table are provided so as to face each other.
- An ICP plasma RF power source 204 is connected to the upper electrode 202, and a bias RF power source 207 is connected to the lower electrode 203.
- a cooling water pipe 208 for cooling the workpiece is provided inside the lower electrode 203.
- a workpiece W which is a forming material of a molding die to be formed, is placed in a positioned state.
- Work W is a cemented carbide obtained by sintering an alloy consisting of tungsten and carbon at high temperature and high pressure, and contains, for example, a metal such as cobalt at several to 10 and several at% as a binder. .
- a cemented carbide obtained by plasma sintering and containing almost no binder can also be used.
- the etching gas generator 210 that generates the etching gas includes a hydrogen gas iodide as a reactive gas in the first gas tank 211A, and an argon gas as an inert gas from the second gas tank 212 and a third gas tank.
- the oxygen gas is introduced from the tank 213 while adjusting the flow rate to a predetermined ratio (mixing ratio) described later, and the three introduced gases are mixed to generate a desired etching gas.
- the generated etching gas is supplied into the processing chamber 201.
- FIG. 12 is a perspective view showing a molding die 214 to be formed by the plasma etching apparatus.
- a portion 214b is formed.
- the configuration of the molding die is shown in a simplified manner, but in reality, the rail-like convex portion 214 b is formed as a fine pattern.
- the etching mask 217 having a shape corresponding to the rail-shaped protrusion 214b is formed in advance on the surface.
- the etching mask 217 is formed as follows. That is, after forming a resist having a pattern obtained by inverting the desired rail-shaped convex pattern on the surface of the workpiece W, nickel is deposited on the entire surface of the workpiece W by a sputtering method, and then, An etching mask 217 made of nickel, for example, is formed by removing the resist and unnecessary nickel deposited thereon by a lift-off method.
- the etching mask 217 is formed as a predetermined fine pattern in which strip shapes having a width of 5 / z m and a thickness of 2 m are arranged at high density.
- the vacuum pump 209 is driven to The inside is evacuated to a predetermined degree of vacuum, and then the etching gas generator 210 is driven to introduce the etching gas into the processing chamber 201.
- the ming gas is a mixture of hydrogen iodide gas, argon gas and oxygen gas.
- hydrogen iodide gas: argon gas: oxygen gas 25cc: 50cc: The mixing ratio is set to 5cc.
- the driving power is supplied from the ICP plasma RF power source 204 to the upper electrode 202 and the driving power is supplied from the nose RF power source 207 to the lower electrode 203.
- the etching gas is excited in the processing chamber 201, and high-density plasma radicals are generated around the upper electrode 202 (ICP portion). Therefore, as shown in FIG.
- the plasma radical 218 force attracted to the lower electrode 203 is perpendicularly incident on the surface of the workpiece W including the etching mask 217, and thereby dry etching of the workpiece W proceeds.
- the dry etching conditions are as follows: the supply power from the ICP plasma RF power supply 204 to the upper electrode 202 is 500 W, the supply power from the bias RF power supply 207 to the lower electrode 203 is 300 W, and the processing chamber 201 Set the internal pressure to 2 Pa, the cooling temperature of the work W by cooling water pipe 208 to 25 ° C, and the etching time to 20 minutes.
- hydrogen iodide gas force that is a reactive gas in the etching gas is generated.
- the generated reactive radical force works on the surface of the work W, that is, the alloy surface of tungsten and carbon. Dry etching proceeds by removing the generated tungsten iodide and carbon iodide.
- the argon gas which is an inert gas in the etching gas, functions to accelerate etching by removing etching compounds generated on the etching surface.
- the etching mask 217 is removed by wet etching using an acid such as hydrochloric acid or nitric acid.
- an acid such as hydrochloric acid or nitric acid.
- the etching rate is increased to about 2 OOnm per minute by using hydrogen iodide gas as a reaction gas in the etching gas. . That is, compared with the etching rate of 1 ⁇ m per 20 minutes in the case of dry etching using a conventional fluorine-based gas, The great rate has improved to about 4 / zm in 20 minutes.
- the etching rate is further improved by mixing oxygen gas in the etching gas. This is because reactive radicals generated from the etching gas containing oxygen gas are combined with carbon in the workpiece W to become carbonized oxygen, and as a result, the etching reaction is accelerated.
- the etching rate when oxygen gas is mixed into the etching gas depends on the mixing ratio (flow rate ratio) of oxygen gas to hydrogen iodide gas, as shown in FIG. To do. Specifically, when the mixing ratio of oxygen gas to hydrogen iodide gas is set in the range of 0.15 to 0.6, a large etching rate of about 300 nm or more per minute can be obtained. When the mixing rate is set to 0.3, the maximum etching rate of about 500 nm per minute can be obtained. Therefore, when the mixing ratio is set to 0.3, it is possible to etch to a depth of about 10 m by etching for 20 minutes.
- an etching time of 200 minutes is required for etching to a depth of 10 m. That is, according to the present embodiment, the etching time for obtaining a desired etching depth can be greatly shortened as compared with the prior art.
- an etching gas in which oxygen gas is mixed with hydrogen iodide gas even when a relatively large etching depth of about 10 ⁇ m is set.
- the etching rate is remarkably improved as described above, and it is possible to prevent the etching mask 217 from undergoing a shape change due to side etching due to a long etching time. . That is, the etching mask 217 can maintain a rectangular initial cross-sectional shape.
- the etching process can be completed within a short etching time so that the amount of etching compound generated does not increase.
- the argon gas mixed in the etching gas as an inert gas effectively removes the etching compound generated on the surface of the workpiece W by sputtering.
- 214b is 10 Even though it has a relatively large height of about / zm and is formed as a high-density pattern, the side wall of the rail-like convex portion 214b is exactly perpendicular to the base 214a. That is, the rail-like convex portion 214b is formed to have a desired rectangular cross-sectional shape.
- the shape of the rail-shaped convex portion 214b can be controlled with high accuracy. Furthermore, in the dry etching of the present embodiment, the etching time can be greatly shortened, so that the molding die 214 can be manufactured with high productivity, and the cost can be reduced.
- hydrogen iodide gas is used as a reaction gas containing iodine atoms.
- an appropriate amount of trifluoromethane iodide may be used.
- other easily gasified iodides may be used.
- other inert gases such as neon may be used as the inert gas.
- a gas such as nitrogen is used in addition to these inert gases. It may be added.
- the etching mask 217 the force exemplified in the case of forming with nickel in this embodiment.
- the etching mask may be formed using another metal that is difficult to be etched such as cobalt or copper. ,.
- Fig. 14 shows a schematic cross-sectional configuration of a hot press molding machine for manufacturing a waveguide substrate.
- a pneumatic cylinder 220 is provided at the ceiling of the hot press molding machine 219.
- an upper press head 222 incorporating a heater 221 is provided at the lower end of the pneumatic cylinder 220. It is attached.
- a molding die 214 manufactured by dry etching according to the present embodiment is fixed to the lower surface of the upper press head 222 as an upper molding die in such a manner that the rail-like convex portion 214b faces downward.
- a lower press head 224 with a built-in heater 223 is installed in the lower part of the hot press molding machine 219, and a holding mold 228 guides the upper surface of the lower press head 224.
- a molding material 229 having a soft and flexible material force is placed on the upper surface of the holding mold 228.
- the molding material 229 is mounted on the upper surface of the holding mold 228.
- the inside is replaced with a nitrogen atmosphere, and the heating heaters 221 and 223 are further driven so that the inside is desired. Heated to a temperature, for example 450 ° C to 630 ° C.
- the pneumatic cylinder 220 is operated and the upper press head 222 is lowered, and the molding die 214 fixed to the lower surface of the upper press head 222 is pressed against the molding material 229 with a predetermined pressure. It is done. As a result, a groove corresponding to the rail-like convex portion 214 b of the molding die 214 is formed on the surface of the molding material 229 by plastic deformation.
- the inside of the hot press molding machine 219 is cooled to a temperature in the range from room temperature to 150 ° C, and then manufactured. The waveguide substrate is taken out from the hot press molding machine 219.
- the molding die 214 can be processed with high accuracy by the manufacturing method of the present embodiment, it is possible to mass-produce waveguide substrates of the same shape simply by performing hot press molding using the molding die 214. Therefore, an inexpensive waveguide substrate can be provided.
- the cemented carbide mainly composed of tungsten and carbon can be dry etched at an extremely high etching rate, and the etching with respect to the etching mask can be performed. Since the selectivity is extremely improved, for example, a molding die 230 having a cross-sectional shape as shown in FIG. 15 (a) can be manufactured with high accuracy. As shown in FIG. 15 (a), in the molding die 230, rail-like convex portions 230c having inclined side walls 230b on both sides are formed on the base 230a.
- the side wall 230b of the inclined surface to be formed and the rail-shaped convex portion are formed on the surface of the work W to be the molding die 230.
- An etching mask 231 having a shape corresponding to 230c is formed.
- the slope portions 23 la on both sides which become both side walls of the etching mask 231 are set to a desired thickness in consideration of the set etching time.
- the lower end portion (tip portion) of the slope portion 231a of the etching mask 231 is removed by etching before the elapse of a predetermined time when the rail-like convex portion 230c is formed at the center portion of the workpiece W, and thereafter the rail-like convex portion
- the entire slope portion 231a is removed by etching.
- the portion for forming the rail-like convex portion 230c in the etching mask 231 remains.
- the sloped side wall 230b is formed on the workpiece W, so that the cross-sectional shape shown in FIG. A molding die 230 having the following can be obtained.
- molding die manufacturing method using dry etching of the present embodiment it becomes possible to dry-etch the cemented carbide at a high etching rate.
- Molding die for hot press molding In addition to the use for manufacturing 214, glass molding die, high-strength fine tool, wear-resistant fine tool, corrosion-resistant fine tool or heat-resistant fine tool It can be suitably applied to applications such as the production of molds such as tools.
- FIG. 16 is a diagram showing a schematic cross-sectional configuration of an ICP plasma etching apparatus for embodying the manufacturing method of the molding die of this modification.
- the same components as those in the ICP plasma etching apparatus used in the sixth embodiment shown in FIG. the ICP plasma etching apparatus used in this modification differs from the ICP plasma etching apparatus used in the sixth embodiment shown in FIG. 10 in that hydrogen iodide gas as a reactive gas is used.
- the first gas tank 211B for supplying chlorine gas as a reactive gas is provided in place of the first gas tank 211A for supplying gas.
- the etching gas generator 210 that generates the etching gas also uses the first gas tank 211B as the reactive gas, the chlorine gas as the reactive gas, and the argon gas as the inert gas from the second gas tank 212. Then, oxygen gas is introduced from the third gas tank 213 while adjusting the flow rate to a predetermined ratio (mixing ratio) described later, and the three introduced gases are mixed to generate a desired etching gas, The generated etching gas is supplied into the processing chamber 201.
- the manufacturing method of the molding die of this modified example uses chlorine gas as a reactive gas in the etching gas.
- 11 is basically the same as the sixth embodiment shown in FIGS. 11A to 11C and FIG.
- an etching mask 217 having a shape corresponding to the rail-shaped convex portion 214b is formed in advance on the surface of the cake W.
- the method for forming the etching mask 217 is the same as in the sixth embodiment, for example.
- etching gas generator 210 is driven to introduce the etching gas into the processing chamber 201.
- This etching gas is a mixture of chlorine gas, argon gas, and oxygen gas as described above.
- chlorine gas: argon gas: oxygen gas 25cc, depending on the gas flow rate per minute. : 50cc: Set to a mixing ratio of 5 cc.
- driving power is supplied from the ICP plasma RF power source 204 to the upper electrode 202, and driving power is supplied from the nose RF power source 207 to the lower electrode 203.
- the etching gas is excited in the processing chamber 201, and high-density plasma radicals are generated around the upper electrode 202 (ICP portion). Therefore, as shown in FIG.
- the plasma radial 218 force attracted to the electrode 203 is incident perpendicularly to the surface of the workpiece W including the etching mask 217, and thereby dry etching of the workpiece W proceeds.
- the reactive radical force generated by the chlorine gas that is the reactive gas in the etching gas is generated on the surface of the workpiece W, that is, the alloy surface of tungsten and carbon.
- the argon gas which is an inert gas in the etching gas functions to remove the etching compound generated on the etching surface and promote the etching.
- the etching mask 217 is removed by wet etching using an acid such as hydrochloric acid or nitric acid, as in the sixth embodiment.
- a desired molding die 214 as shown in FIG. 11 (c) and FIG. 12, that is, a molding die 214 in which rail-shaped convex portions 214b having a predetermined pattern are formed on the surface of the base 214a is obtained.
- the etching rate is increased to about 200 nm per minute by using chlorine gas as the reaction gas in the etching gas.
- the etching rate of this modification is markedly improved to about 4 m in 20 minutes compared to the etching rate of 1 ⁇ m in 20 minutes in the case of dry etching using conventional fluorine-based gas.
- the etching rate is further improved by mixing oxygen gas in the etching gas. This is because the reactive radical generated by the etching gas force including oxygen gas is combined with carbon in the workpiece W to become oxygen carbide, and as a result, the etching reaction is promoted.
- the etching rate when oxygen gas is mixed into the etching gas depends on the mixing ratio (flow rate ratio) of oxygen gas to chlorine gas, as shown in FIG. .
- the mixing ratio of oxygen gas to chlorine gas is set in the range of 0.15 to 0.6, a large etching rate of about 150 to 200 nm or more can be obtained per minute.
- the mixing ratio is set to 0.3, the maximum etching rate of about 350 nm per minute can be obtained. Therefore, when the mixing ratio is set to 0.3, it is possible to etch to a depth of about 7 m by etching for 20 minutes.
- the base plate 214 is similar to the sixth embodiment.
- the rail-shaped convex portion 214b formed on 214a has a relatively large height of about 10 m and is formed as a high-density pattern
- the side wall of the rail-shaped convex portion 214b is the base 214a. Is exactly perpendicular to. That is, the rail-shaped convex portion 214b is formed to have a desired rectangular cross-sectional shape.
- the shape control of the rail-like convex portion 214b can be performed with high accuracy. Furthermore, in the dry etching of this modification, the etching time is greatly shortened, so that the molding die 214 can be manufactured with high productivity and the cost can be reduced.
- the etching mask 217 is formed of nickel in the present modification, but instead of this, the etching mask may be formed using another metal that is difficult to be etched such as copper or copper. Yo ...
- a method of manufacturing a waveguide substrate by hot press molding using a molding die 214 in which rail-shaped convex portions 214b having a desired rectangular cross section are formed with high density and high accuracy is the same as the sixth embodiment shown in FIGS. 14 and 15 (a) to 15 (c).
- FIG. 18 is a diagram showing a schematic cross-sectional configuration of an ICP plasma etching apparatus for embodying the manufacturing method of the molding die of this modification.
- the same components as those in the ICP plasma etching apparatus used in the sixth embodiment shown in FIG. As shown in FIG. 18, the ICP plasma etching apparatus used in this modification differs from the ICP plasma etching apparatus used in the sixth embodiment shown in FIG. 10 in that hydrogen iodide gas as a reactive gas is used.
- the first gas tank 211C for supplying hydrogen bromide gas as a reactive gas is provided in place of the first gas tank 211A for supplying gas.
- the etching gas generator 210 that generates the etching gas has the first gas tank 211C force as well as the hydrogen bromide gas as the reactive gas and the argon gas as the inert gas from the second gas tank 212.
- the oxygen gas is introduced from the third gas tank 213 while adjusting the flow rate to a predetermined ratio (mixing ratio) described later, and the three introduced gases are mixed to produce a desired etching gas. Then, the generated etching gas is supplied into the processing chamber 201.
- the manufacturing method of the molding die of this modification is basically shown in Figs. 11 (a) to 11 (c) and Fig. 11 except that hydrogen bromide gas is used as the reactive gas in the etching gas. This is the same as the sixth embodiment shown in FIG.
- an etching mask 217 having a shape corresponding to the rail-shaped convex portion 214b is formed in advance on the surface of the cake W.
- the method for forming the etching mask 217 is the same as in the sixth embodiment, for example.
- the vacuum pump 209 is driven to move the inside of the processing channel 201.
- the etching gas generator 210 is driven to introduce the etching gas into the processing chamber 201.
- the driving power is supplied from the ICP plasma RF power source 204 to the upper electrode 202 and the driving power is supplied from the nose RF power source 207 to the lower electrode 203.
- the etching gas is excited in the processing chamber 201, and high-density plasma radicals are generated around the upper electrode 202 (ICP portion). Therefore, as shown in FIG.
- the plasma radial 218 force attracted to the electrode 203 is incident perpendicularly to the surface of the workpiece W including the etching mask 217, and thereby dry etching of the workpiece W proceeds.
- the reactive radical force generated from the hydrogen bromide gas acts on the surface of the work W, that is, the alloy surface of tungsten and carbon.
- dry etching proceeds as tungsten bromide and carbon bromide are removed.
- the argon gas that is an inert gas in the etching gas functions to remove the etching compound generated on the etching surface and promote the etching.
- the etching mask 217 is removed by wet etching using an acid such as hydrochloric acid or nitric acid, as in the sixth embodiment.
- an acid such as hydrochloric acid or nitric acid
- the etching rate is increased to about 20 Onm per minute by using hydrogen bromide gas as the reaction gas in the etching gas. .
- the etching rate of this modification is significantly improved to about 4 m in 20 minutes compared to the etching rate of 1 ⁇ m in 20 minutes in the case of dry etching using conventional fluorine-based gas.
- the etching rate is further improved by mixing oxygen gas in the etching gas. . This is because the reactive radical generated by the etching gas force including oxygen gas is combined with carbon in the workpiece W to become oxygen carbide, and as a result, the etching reaction is promoted.
- the etching rate when oxygen gas is mixed into the etching gas is equal to the mixing ratio (flow rate ratio) of oxygen gas to hydrogen bromide gas, as shown in FIG. Dependent.
- the mixing ratio of oxygen gas to hydrogen bromide gas is set in the range of 0.15 to 0.6, a large etching rate of about 150 to 200 nm or more can be obtained in one minute.
- the mixing ratio is set to 0.3, a maximum etching rate of about 300 nm per minute can be obtained. Therefore, when the mixing ratio is set to 0.3, it is possible to etch to a depth of about 6 m by etching for 20 minutes.
- an etching time of 200 minutes is required for etching to a depth of 10 ⁇ m. That is, according to the present modification, the etching time for obtaining a desired etching depth can be greatly shortened as compared with the prior art.
- an etching gas in which oxygen gas is mixed with hydrogen bromide gas even when the etching depth is set to a relatively large size of about 10 ⁇ m. Since the etching rate is remarkably improved as described above, it is possible to prevent the etching mask 217 from being changed in shape due to side etching due to the longer etching time. That is, the etching mask 217 can maintain a rectangular initial cross-sectional shape. In addition, the etching process can be completed within an etching time as short as the amount of the etching compound generated does not increase. However, the argon gas mixed in the etching gas as an inert gas effectively removes the etching compound generated on the surface of the workpiece W by sputtering.
- the base plate 214 is similar to the sixth embodiment.
- the rail-shaped convex portion 214b formed on 214a has a relatively large height of about 10 m and is formed as a high-density pattern
- the side wall of the rail-shaped convex portion 214b is the base 214a. Is exactly perpendicular to. That is, the rail-shaped convex portion 214b has a desired rectangular cross-sectional shape. To be formed.
- the shape control of the rail-like convex portion 214b can be performed with high accuracy. Furthermore, in the dry etching of this modification, the etching time is greatly shortened, so that the molding die 214 can be manufactured with high productivity and the cost can be reduced.
- the force using hydrogen bromide gas as the reaction gas containing bromine atoms instead of or in addition to this, bromine gas, boron tribromide, carbon tetrabromide or An appropriate amount of methyl bromide may be used. Alternatively, other bromides that are easily gasified may be used. In addition to the argon gas exemplified in this modification, other inert gases such as neon may be used as the inert gas. In addition, a gas such as nitrogen in addition to these inert gases. May be added. Further, for the etching mask 217, the force exemplified in the case of being formed of nickel in this modification example. Alternatively, the etching mask may be formed using another metal that is difficult to be etched such as cobalt or copper. ,.
- the dry etching method of the present invention is useful as a method for finely processing a substance containing tandasten and carbon such as a WC alloy with high accuracy.
- the fine structure forming method of the present invention is very useful as a method for forming a fine pattern with high accuracy on a substance containing tungsten and carbon such as a WC alloy.
- the dry etching method and the microstructure formation method of the present invention as a technology for dramatically improving and facilitating the processing of WC alloy as a super hard material are in the MEMS (Micro-Electro-Mechanical System) field. Can open up a big path to the use of WC alloys, etc.
- MEMS Micro-Electro-Mechanical System
- the mold manufacturing method of the present invention is necessary for manufacturing a mold having high-precision micro unevenness using a material containing tungsten and carbon such as a WC alloy as a mold base material. It is essential.
- the mold of the present invention has a configuration in which ultra-high precision micro unevenness is provided on a WC alloy or the like which is a cemented carbide. It can be used not only as a mold for nanoimprinting but also as a high-precision micro-concave mold with high durability in all fields.
- a forming material having a cemented carbide strength mainly composed of tungsten and carbon is formed of an iodine atom, a chlorine atom or a bromine atom.
- Dry etching is performed by plasma radicals generated from an etching gas obtained by mixing a first gas containing any of the above, a second gas having an inert gas force, and a third gas having an oxygen gas. For this reason, even when a pattern having a relatively large etching depth is formed at a high density, a desired rectangular cross section in which the side wall of the convex portion formed by etching is exactly perpendicular to the base. And a molding die having a small surface roughness of the etched surface can be produced with high accuracy. In addition, since the etching time can be greatly shortened, it is possible to reduce the cost by producing a molding die with high productivity.
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Abstract
Description
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US11/659,109 US7919005B2 (en) | 2005-05-24 | 2006-05-23 | Dry etching method, fine structure formation method, mold and mold fabrication method |
EP06756470A EP1884505A1 (en) | 2005-05-24 | 2006-05-23 | Dry etching method, method for forming fine structure, mold and method for producing same |
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JP2015057858A (ja) * | 2008-01-23 | 2015-03-26 | ゾルファイ フルーオル ゲゼルシャフト ミット ベシュレンクテル ハフツングSolvay Fluor GmbH | 太陽電池の製造方法 |
US9093388B2 (en) | 2010-02-01 | 2015-07-28 | Central Glass Company, Limited | Dry etching agent and dry etching method using the same |
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FR2937895A1 (fr) * | 2008-11-04 | 2010-05-07 | Commissariat Energie Atomique | Moule presentant une surface nanostructuree pour realiser des pieces polymeres nanostructurees et procede de fabrication d'un tel moule. |
US9933570B2 (en) * | 2016-03-01 | 2018-04-03 | Futurewei Technologies, Inc. | Integration of V-grooves on silicon-on-insulator (SOI) platform for direct fiber coupling |
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- 2006-05-23 JP JP2006535896A patent/JPWO2006126520A1/ja active Pending
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JP2015057858A (ja) * | 2008-01-23 | 2015-03-26 | ゾルファイ フルーオル ゲゼルシャフト ミット ベシュレンクテル ハフツングSolvay Fluor GmbH | 太陽電池の製造方法 |
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Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
EP1884505A1 (en) | 2008-02-06 |
US7919005B2 (en) | 2011-04-05 |
US20090011065A1 (en) | 2009-01-08 |
JPWO2006126520A1 (ja) | 2008-12-25 |
KR20080017290A (ko) | 2008-02-26 |
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