Classifications

• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
  • B01D—SEPARATION
  • B01D63/00—Apparatus in general for separation processes using semi-permeable membranes
  • B01D63/08—Flat membrane modules
  • B01D63/081—Manufacturing thereof
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
  • B01D—SEPARATION
  • B01D39/00—Filtering material for liquid or gaseous fluids
  • B01D39/14—Other self-supporting filtering material ; Other filtering material
  • B01D39/16—Other self-supporting filtering material ; Other filtering material of organic material, e.g. synthetic fibres
  • B01D39/1607—Other self-supporting filtering material ; Other filtering material of organic material, e.g. synthetic fibres the material being fibrous
  • B01D39/1623—Other self-supporting filtering material ; Other filtering material of organic material, e.g. synthetic fibres the material being fibrous of synthetic origin
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
  • B01D—SEPARATION
  • B01D65/00—Accessories or auxiliary operations, in general, for separation processes or apparatus using semi-permeable membranes
  • B01D65/003—Membrane bonding or sealing
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
  • B01D—SEPARATION
  • B01D69/00—Semi-permeable membranes for separation processes or apparatus characterised by their form, structure or properties; Manufacturing processes specially adapted therefor
  • B01D69/02—Semi-permeable membranes for separation processes or apparatus characterised by their form, structure or properties; Manufacturing processes specially adapted therefor characterised by their properties
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
  • B01D—SEPARATION
  • B01D69/00—Semi-permeable membranes for separation processes or apparatus characterised by their form, structure or properties; Manufacturing processes specially adapted therefor
  • B01D69/06—Flat membranes
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
  • B01D—SEPARATION
  • B01D69/00—Semi-permeable membranes for separation processes or apparatus characterised by their form, structure or properties; Manufacturing processes specially adapted therefor
  • B01D69/10—Supported membranes; Membrane supports
  • B01D69/107—Organic support material
  • B01D69/1071—Woven, non-woven or net mesh
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
  • B01D—SEPARATION
  • B01D69/00—Semi-permeable membranes for separation processes or apparatus characterised by their form, structure or properties; Manufacturing processes specially adapted therefor
  • B01D69/12—Composite membranes; Ultra-thin membranes
  • B01D69/1213—Laminated layers
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
  • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
  • B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
  • B29C65/02—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure
  • B29C65/08—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using ultrasonic vibrations
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
  • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
  • B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
  • B29C65/02—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure
  • B29C65/18—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using heated tools
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
  • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
  • B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
  • B29C65/82—Testing the joint
  • B29C65/8253—Testing the joint by the use of waves or particle radiation, e.g. visual examination, scanning electron microscopy, or X-rays
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
  • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
  • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
  • B29C66/01—General aspects dealing with the joint area or with the area to be joined
  • B29C66/05—Particular design of joint configurations
  • B29C66/10—Particular design of joint configurations particular design of the joint cross-sections
  • B29C66/11—Joint cross-sections comprising a single joint-segment, i.e. one of the parts to be joined comprising a single joint-segment in the joint cross-section
  • B29C66/112—Single lapped joints
  • B29C66/1122—Single lap to lap joints, i.e. overlap joints
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
  • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
  • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
  • B29C66/01—General aspects dealing with the joint area or with the area to be joined
  • B29C66/05—Particular design of joint configurations
  • B29C66/20—Particular design of joint configurations particular design of the joint lines, e.g. of the weld lines
  • B29C66/24—Particular design of joint configurations particular design of the joint lines, e.g. of the weld lines said joint lines being closed or non-straight
  • B29C66/242—Particular design of joint configurations particular design of the joint lines, e.g. of the weld lines said joint lines being closed or non-straight said joint lines being closed, i.e. forming closed contours
  • B29C66/2424—Particular design of joint configurations particular design of the joint lines, e.g. of the weld lines said joint lines being closed or non-straight said joint lines being closed, i.e. forming closed contours being a closed polygonal chain
  • B29C66/24243—Particular design of joint configurations particular design of the joint lines, e.g. of the weld lines said joint lines being closed or non-straight said joint lines being closed, i.e. forming closed contours being a closed polygonal chain forming a quadrilateral
  • B29C66/24244—Particular design of joint configurations particular design of the joint lines, e.g. of the weld lines said joint lines being closed or non-straight said joint lines being closed, i.e. forming closed contours being a closed polygonal chain forming a quadrilateral forming a rectangle
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
  • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
  • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
  • B29C66/50—General aspects of joining tubular articles; General aspects of joining long products, i.e. bars or profiled elements; General aspects of joining single elements to tubular articles, hollow articles or bars; General aspects of joining several hollow-preforms to form hollow or tubular articles
  • B29C66/51—Joining tubular articles, profiled elements or bars; Joining single elements to tubular articles, hollow articles or bars; Joining several hollow-preforms to form hollow or tubular articles
  • B29C66/53—Joining single elements to tubular articles, hollow articles or bars
  • B29C66/534—Joining single elements to open ends of tubular or hollow articles or to the ends of bars
  • B29C66/5346—Joining single elements to open ends of tubular or hollow articles or to the ends of bars said single elements being substantially flat
  • B29C66/53461—Joining single elements to open ends of tubular or hollow articles or to the ends of bars said single elements being substantially flat joining substantially flat covers and/or substantially flat bottoms to open ends of container bodies
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
  • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
  • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
  • B29C66/70—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
  • B29C66/72—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the structure of the material of the parts to be joined
  • B29C66/727—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the structure of the material of the parts to be joined being porous, e.g. foam
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
  • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
  • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
  • B29C66/70—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
  • B29C66/72—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the structure of the material of the parts to be joined
  • B29C66/729—Textile or other fibrous material made from plastics
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
  • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
  • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
  • B29C66/70—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
  • B29C66/73—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset
  • B29C66/731—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined
  • B29C66/7311—Thermal properties
  • B29C66/73115—Melting point
  • B29C66/73116—Melting point of different melting point, i.e. the melting point of one of the parts to be joined being different from the melting point of the other part
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
  • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
  • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
  • B29C66/70—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
  • B29C66/73—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset
  • B29C66/739—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset
  • B29C66/7392—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of at least one of the parts being a thermoplastic
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
  • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
  • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
  • B29C66/80—General aspects of machine operations or constructions and parts thereof
  • B29C66/83—General aspects of machine operations or constructions and parts thereof characterised by the movement of the joining or pressing tools
  • B29C66/832—Reciprocating joining or pressing tools
  • B29C66/8322—Joining or pressing tools reciprocating along one axis
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
  • B01D—SEPARATION
  • B01D2323/00—Details relating to membrane preparation
  • B01D2323/08—Specific temperatures applied
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
  • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
  • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
  • B29C66/01—General aspects dealing with the joint area or with the area to be joined
  • B29C66/05—Particular design of joint configurations
  • B29C66/303—Particular design of joint configurations the joint involving an anchoring effect
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
  • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
  • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
  • B29C66/70—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
  • B29C66/71—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the composition of the plastics material of the parts to be joined
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
  • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
  • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
  • B29C66/70—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
  • B29C66/73—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset
  • B29C66/739—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset
  • B29C66/7392—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of at least one of the parts being a thermoplastic
  • B29C66/73921—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of at least one of the parts being a thermoplastic characterised by the materials of both parts being thermoplastics
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
  • B29K—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES B29B, B29C OR B29D, RELATING TO MOULDING MATERIALS OR TO MATERIALS FOR MOULDS, REINFORCEMENTS, FILLERS OR PREFORMED PARTS, e.g. INSERTS
  • B29K2105/00—Condition, form or state of moulded material or of the material to be shaped
  • B29K2105/06—Condition, form or state of moulded material or of the material to be shaped containing reinforcements, fillers or inserts
  • B29K2105/08—Condition, form or state of moulded material or of the material to be shaped containing reinforcements, fillers or inserts of continuous length, e.g. cords, rovings, mats, fabrics, strands or yarns
  • B29K2105/0854—Condition, form or state of moulded material or of the material to be shaped containing reinforcements, fillers or inserts of continuous length, e.g. cords, rovings, mats, fabrics, strands or yarns in the form of a non-woven mat
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
  • B29K—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES B29B, B29C OR B29D, RELATING TO MOULDING MATERIALS OR TO MATERIALS FOR MOULDS, REINFORCEMENTS, FILLERS OR PREFORMED PARTS, e.g. INSERTS
  • B29K2313/00—Use of textile products or fabrics as reinforcement
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
  • B29L—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS B29C, RELATING TO PARTICULAR ARTICLES
  • B29L2012/00—Frames
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
  • B29L—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS B29C, RELATING TO PARTICULAR ARTICLES
  • B29L2031/00—Other particular articles
  • B29L2031/14—Filters
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
  • B29L—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS B29C, RELATING TO PARTICULAR ARTICLES
  • B29L2031/00—Other particular articles
  • B29L2031/737—Articles provided with holes, e.g. grids, sieves
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
  • B29L—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS B29C, RELATING TO PARTICULAR ARTICLES
  • B29L2031/00—Other particular articles
  • B29L2031/755—Membranes, diaphragms
• • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
  • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
  • Y10T156/00—Adhesive bonding and miscellaneous chemical manufacture
  • Y10T156/10—Methods of surface bonding and/or assembly therefor
  • Y10T156/1052—Methods of surface bonding and/or assembly therefor with cutting, punching, tearing or severing
  • Y10T156/1062—Prior to assembly
  • Y10T156/1066—Cutting to shape joining edge surfaces only

Definitions

• the present invention relates to a membrane element of a membrane separation apparatus used for filtration or concentration of clean water or waste water. More specifically, the present invention relates to a large-sized membrane having a short side of about 0.5 m and a long side of about lm. The present invention relates to a membrane element that can maintain stable performance even when applied to the above. Background art
• an immersion membrane separator in which a plurality of membrane elements are arranged in parallel at a predetermined interval (5 to: LOmm) is known.
• a membrane element is formed on a filter plate made of a rectangular flat plate with a filtered water passage having one end opened on the surface of the filter plate and the other end communicating with a filtered water suction pipe.
• an organic filter membrane provided so as to cover the surface of the resin filter plate, and a spacer is arranged so that a predetermined gap can be formed between the filter plate and the organic filter membrane.
• a membrane separation apparatus is formed by immersing a plurality of the above-described membrane elements in a treated water in a treated water tank as a membrane unit by commonly connecting the filtration treated water suction pipes of the respective membrane elements.
• the water to be treated is filtered through an organic filter membrane to obtain filtered water.
• a diffuser for generating bubbles is provided below the membrane unit, and the generated bubbles rise between the membrane elements to generate a cross flow, and this cross flow is generated.
• the cake layer formed on the membrane surface as the filtration proceeds is removed.
• Such a membrane separator can handle a wide variety of filtration capacities by increasing or decreasing the number of membrane elements or increasing or decreasing the effective membrane area, so small-scale filtration to large-scale wastewater treatment facilities It is used for various applications ranging from filtration to.
• Patent Document 1 Japanese Patent No. 3028900
• Patent Document 2 Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2001-120958
• Patent Document 3 Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 5-68943 (Page 3, [0002] column)
• Patent Document 4 Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 58-30378 (page 2, upper right column, line 15 to lower left column, line 7)
• the above Japanese Patent No. 3028900 includes a thermoplastic resin filter plate and organic A method of welding a filter membrane using ultrasonic waves is disclosed.
• a plurality of convex portions are provided on a thermoplastic resin filter plate of a welded portion, and each convex portion is provided.
• a nonwoven fabric made of saturated polyester or the like is used as a support for the filter membrane 2, and this support is ultrasonically applied to the filter plate 1 made of ABS resin or the like.
• the filter plate 1 is melted, the melted resin is impregnated into the nonwoven fabric, and the filter membrane 2 can be fixed to the filter plate 1, from 140 ° C
• the filter plate 1 and the non-woven fabric will melt together, and the filter membrane 2 can be fixed to the filter plate 1.
• Controlling to a lower temperature is considered to have been controlled to a temperature higher than 140 ° C, which is preferable in terms of ensuring stable performance of the membrane element.
• thermoplastic resin filter plate In some cases, the convex part of the thermoplastic resin filter plate is deformed during ultrasonic welding, so the membrane cannot be replaced and the membrane element must be replaced. There was a problem that it was not preferable in terms of processing. In addition, the production of a large membrane element as described above by such ultrasonic welding has a problem that the equipment is enlarged and the cost is increased (Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 5-68943, Japan). (See Japanese Laid-Open Patent Publication No. 58-30378).
• the present invention has been made in view of the above-mentioned problems, and can easily and reliably fix a thermoplastic resin filter plate and a microporous organic filter membrane, and regenerate the membrane element by changing the membrane. It aims at providing the manufacturing method of the membrane element which can be performed.
• the present invention joins a microporous filtration membrane having a micropore formed on a non-woven fabric made of synthetic resin fiber fiber to a smooth surface around the periphery of a thermoplastic resin filter plate.
• the peripheral edge of the thermoplastic resin filter plate is joined to the microporous membrane without melting the nonwoven fabric used as a support, and thus a smooth surface.
• thermoplastic resin filter plate in which a thermoplastic resin filter plate is pressed and bonded through a microporous filtration membrane.
• (Claim 3) In the membrane element, the microporous filtration membrane and the heat With plastic filter board A thermoplastic resin filter plate is pressed and bonded through a microporous filtration membrane with a frame-shaped hot plate corresponding to the shape of the joint (Claim 4), and the frame-shaped hot plate Has R at the four corners, and R is formed at the four corners of the joint between the microporous membrane and the thermoplastic resin filter plate (Claim 5), and the (Claim 3) membrane element
• the hot plate is a temperature controlled not higher than the melting point of the nonwoven fabric to be the support and higher than the Vicat softening temperature of the thermoplastic resin filter plate (Claim 6), and the hot plate is the support.
• the temperature of the non-woven fabric is controlled to be equal to or lower than the deflection temperature under load (Claim 7).
• the material of the non-woven fabric used as the support is polyester or polypropylene.
• Material is made of polyethylene, ABS or polyvinyl chloride vinyl ( Claim 8)
• the microporous filtration membrane is joined to the smooth surface of the peripheral edge of the thermoplastic resin filter plate, and therefore the microporous filtration membrane is joined to the filter plate. Processing can be eliminated, which can contribute to cost reduction of membrane elements.
• the above-described invention (invention 2) in addition to the above-mentioned effect, joins the microporous membrane and the peripheral edge of the plastic resin filter plate without melting the nonwoven fabric to be a support, Since the concave portion is formed in the concave portion, the membrane can be drawn into the concave portion and kept in the tension state of the filtration membrane, and a membrane element that can contribute to uniform filtration performance can be obtained.
• the above-described invention can obtain a membrane element that can be joined to the periphery of a thermoplastic resin filter plate by placing the filter membrane in a tensioned state by pressurization with a hot plate.
• the above-described invention can perform pressurization with a hot plate in one operation, can contribute to simplification of the manufacturing process, and can provide a large membrane element. It is also advantageous during production. Further, the above-described invention (Claim 5) can contribute to the improvement of the above-described effect.
• the above-described invention (invention 6) is in a temperature range in which the nonwoven fabric used as a support is not melted and the thermoplastic resin filter plate is softened, the nonwoven fabric and the thermoplastic resin filter plate are melted.
• the thermoplastic resin filter can be joined to the soft thermoplastic resin filter plate while the surface irregularities of the nonwoven fabric are indented and the strength of the nonwoven fabric is maintained.
• a thermoplastic resin filter plate and a microporous membrane that do not significantly change the surface and shape of the plate can be joined together. When the filter membrane is broken or deteriorated, the polymer filter membrane can be replaced by reusing the thermoplastic resin filter plate.
• the above-described invention (invention 7) can provide a membrane element capable of maintaining the strength of the nonwoven fabric in a better state. Further, the above-described invention (Claim 8) can obtain various membrane elements having the above-described effects.
• FIG. 1 is a diagram of a membrane element according to the present invention.
• FIG. 2 is a view for explaining a production procedure of the membrane element according to the present invention.
• FIG. 3 is a view showing a main part of a manufacturing procedure of a membrane element according to the present invention.
• FIG. 4 is a diagram showing a main part of a conventional procedure for manufacturing a membrane element.
• FIG. 5 is a diagram for explaining the replacement of the microporous filtration membrane in the membrane element according to the present invention.
• FIG. 6 is a diagram for explaining the replacement of a microporous filtration membrane in a conventional membrane element.
• FIG. 7 is a cross-sectional view of the welded portion of the membrane element of the present invention.
• FIG. 8 is a cross-sectional view of a welding portion of a conventional membrane element.
• FIG. 1 (a) is a perspective view of a membrane element according to the present invention. That is, as shown in the figure, a microporous filtration membrane 1 having micropores formed by using a nonwoven fabric made of synthetic resin fibers on both sides of a thermoplastic resin filter plate 2 is used as a filter plate 2. It is stretched with the positioning line 21 defined at the periphery of The peripheral edge of the filter plate 2 where the positioning line 21 is provided is a smooth surface on both the front and back surfaces. A filtrate flow path for obtaining filtrate is formed by allowing the physical water to pass through the microporous filtration membrane 1 in the direction perpendicular to the paper surface.
• the positioning line 21 is not necessarily provided, but when it is provided, the line is preferably drawn with a marker or the like.
• the peripheral edge of the filter plate 2 is assumed to be smooth on both the front and back surfaces. However, like the filter plate for ultrasonic welding of the microporous filtration membrane 1, a convex portion is formed on the peripheral edge. However, if the top of the convex portion is a smooth surface, the microporous filtration membrane 1 can be stretched by the joining method described below.
• the microporous filtration membrane 1 has a non-woven fabric having a synthetic resin fiber strength as a support 11 as shown in the cross-sectional view taken along the line AA ′ in FIG. 1 (a) shown in FIG. 1 (b). Micropores are formed by impregnating 11 with thermoplastic resin 12.
• the microporous filtration membrane 1 is stretched over the filter plate 2 by joining the peripheral edge of the filter plate 2 and the microporous filtration membrane 1 without melting the nonwoven fabric that will be the support 11. That is, when pressure is applied by a linear hot plate arranged along the positioning line 21 as shown in FIG. 2 (a), the filter plate 2 softens to form a recess, as shown by the arrows. The microporous membrane 1 is drawn into the recess.
• FIG. 2 (b) shows a state in which the linear hot plate 3 is positioned along the positioning line 21, and
• FIG. 2 (c) shows that the hot plate 3 passes the filter plate 2 through the microporous filter membrane 1.
• the pressurized state is shown. Thereby, the microporous filtration membrane 1 can be stretched by the concave portion of the filter plate 2.
• the linear hot plate is arranged along the positioning line 21 as described above, and the microporous filtration membrane 1 is stretched by pressurization by the hot plate, corresponding to the rectangular positioning line 21. If a square hot plate is used, the microporous filtration membrane 1 can be stretched on the filter plate 2 in one operation, and the microporous filtration membrane 1 is formed in the recess formed along the positioning line 21. Can be increased, so the effect of tensioning can be enhanced. In addition, in order to further enhance the effect of such tensioning and prevent wrinkles from occurring at the four corners, R is provided at the four corners of the rectangular hot plate, and the microporous filter membrane 1 and the thermoplastic resin are made.
• the short side is about 0.5 m
• Large membrane elements with a long side of about lm can be produced, and membrane elements for large-scale wastewater treatment facilities can be produced at low cost.
• the concave portion described above is 50 to 500 ⁇ m in depth (30 to 300% of the thickness of the nonwoven fabric) and 0.5 to 25 mm in width, preferably 100 to 300 ⁇ . Therefore, it should be 1. 5-5 mm wide.
• the radius of curvature is preferably 2 to 20 mm, and more preferably 3 to LOmm. If the depth of the recess is greater than 500 m, the nonwoven fabric may deteriorate due to mechanical stress accompanying press-fitting. If the depth is less than 50 / zm, the nonwoven fabric against the thermoplastic resin filter plate 2 may be deteriorated.
• microporous filtration membrane 1 for example, a Yumicron membrane manufactured by URESA Corporation with a large number of micropores having an average pore diameter of 0.4 ⁇ m can be used.
• the microporous membrane 1 having such an average pore diameter is also called a microfiltration membrane in terms of the definition of JIS K 3802.
• the filter plate 2 was made of acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene copolymer (ABS) resin.
• the melting point of polyethylene terephthalate as a support is about 250 ° C.
• the Vicat soft temperature is about 110 ° C. Therefore, as shown in FIG. 3, a linear hot plate corresponding to the shape of the positioning line is positioned above the microporous filtration membrane, and the temperature of the hot plate is adjusted to the temperature of the nonwoven fabric serving as the support.
• the filter plate is pressurized through a microporous filter membrane by controlling the temperature below the melting point and above the Vicat soft temperature of the thermoplastic resin of the filter plate, the microporous filter membrane and the filter plate are separated.
• the support is pressed into the softened and softened resin of the filter plate to form a recess, and the pressurization is terminated here, whereby the microporous filtration membrane and the filter plate can be joined.
• the Vicat softening temperature of the above-mentioned filter plate material, ABS is JIS K 7206 (Vicat softening temperature of thermoplastics). Since the test method is defined in the degree test method), a detailed description is omitted.
• an ultrasonic horn is operated through a microporous filtration membrane on the convex portion of the filter plate, and the microporous filtration membrane and the filter plate are operated at the convex portion. And can be joined.
• the nonwoven fabric has a recess as shown in the cross-sectional photograph of Fig. 7 (a).
• Fig. 7 (b) shows an enlarged photograph of part B in Fig. 7 (a) and the edge of the recess (cross-sectional photograph shown in Fig. 7 (c), enlarged part C of Fig. 7 (a)).
• Fig. 7 (c) shows an enlarged photograph of part B in Fig. 7 (a) and the edge of the recess (cross-sectional photograph shown in Fig. 7 (c), enlarged part C of Fig. 7 (a)).
• the difference in the cross-sectional shape of the fibers of the nonwoven fabric is observed because the temperature of the hot plate is lower than the melting temperature of the nonwoven fabric in the welding with the hot plate, whereas the deterioration of the nonwoven fabric due to heat does not occur. In welding by sonic waves, this temperature control is not possible, so it is considered that the nonwoven fabric is deteriorated by heat.
• the nonwoven fabric is welded to the filter plate with a hot plate, the depth of the recess is observed with an electron microscope, and the upper surface of the bottom of the recess (X portion in FIG. 7 (a)) and the upper surface of the edge of the recess (The Y part in Fig. 7 (a)) was measured with the distance.
• a microporous filtration membrane was placed upright on the adhesive tape above and below the nonwoven fabric in Figs. Although there are holes, this is not related to the present invention.
• a linear hot plate having a width of 20 mm and a length of 500 mm is used to join the microporous filtration membrane linearly to a filter plate made of ABS resin.
• hot plate temperature ⁇ thermoplastic resin filter plate Vicat soft temperature
• hot plate temperature was controlled at 210 ° C, 180 ° C and 150 ° C, and 0.5 MPa pressure was applied to the microporous membrane for about 10 seconds to join the microporous membrane to the filter plate, and then microporous filtration was performed.
• a tensile test is conducted to determine whether the membrane peels off the filter plate. investigated.
• the microporous membrane did not exfoliate the filter plate made of resin and was practical enough to be used as a membrane element up to 15 N at 20 mm width at any temperature. Therefore, when the temperature of the hot plate is controlled within the above-mentioned range, a mixed resin (mainly the filter plate resin) of the thermoplastic resin of the filter plate and the resin of the microporous membrane is formed at the joint. Thus, it is considered that the surface unevenness due to the nonwoven fabric of the filter plate support was pressed and the strength of the joint could be secured without reducing the strength of the support.
• a mixed resin mainly the filter plate resin
• Example 1 the temperature of the hot plate is not more than about 250 ° C, which is the melting point of the non-woven polyethylene terephthalate as the support. Porous filtration membranes and plates are subjected to thermal and mechanical stresses. The strength of the support due to thermal stress is suppressed by controlling the temperature of the hot plate to the above-mentioned temperature. Consideration is given to the deterioration of the support due to mechanical stress. Not. Therefore, in Example 2, in order to suppress the deterioration of the support due to such mechanical stress, a test piece made of the same material as the support was applied to JIS K 7191-2 (Plastic—Load deflection temperature test method No. 1).
• Part 2 Plastic and ebonite are applied to determine the deflection temperature under load, and the temperature of the hot plate is controlled below this deflection temperature under load. That is, when a test piece made from the above-mentioned polyethylene terephthalate was tested by the B method prescribed in the preceding 6JIS, the deflection temperature under load was about 195 ° C. From the deflection temperature under load, in Example 1 described above, the temperature of the hot plate is set to about 250 ° C. or less, preferably about 195 ° C. or less, which is the melting point of the polyethylene terephthalate nonwoven fabric used as the support. It is good.
• the joining surface is a smooth surface. Therefore, a positioning line is provided at a position different from the peeled position. Membrane elements can be regenerated by applying a hot plate to the positioning line and joining a new microporous membrane to replace the microporous membrane.
• ultrasonic welding As shown in Fig. 6, when the old microporous filter membrane is peeled off as shown in Fig. 6, the deformed convex part remains at the peeled position, and this convex part is subjected to ultrasonic welding for regeneration.
• microporous filtration membrane is used. It can not be obtained by ultrasonic welding, such as tensioning and bonding to the filter plate, microporous membrane can be stretched in one operation, and microporous membrane can be replaced. There is an effect.
• force using a polyethylene terephthalate nonwoven fabric as a support, and other nonwoven fabrics having a synthetic fiber strength such as polyester and polypropylene can be used.
• polypropylene its melting point is 170 ° C., so the temperature of the hot plate is 170 ° C. or lower, preferably 130 ° C. or lower, which is the deflection temperature under load.
• it may be a poly-polysulfur or polyethylene-based force using ABS resin for the filter plate.
• the temperature of the hot plate should be set to 80 ° C or higher, which is the Vicat soft temperature, for example, in the case of polyethylene, for example, in the case of high-density polyethylene.
• the melting point should be 100 ° C or higher. In any case, depending on the material to be combined, the melting point of the nonwoven fabric used as the support is lower than the melting point of the non-woven fabric.
• the temperature of the hot plate may be controlled to be equal to or higher than the Vicat soft temperature of the thermoplastic resin filter plate (or higher if the material has a melting point).

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