WO2006080501A1 - rRNAを標的とした微生物の定量的解析方法 - Google Patents
rRNAを標的とした微生物の定量的解析方法 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2006080501A1 WO2006080501A1 PCT/JP2006/301467 JP2006301467W WO2006080501A1 WO 2006080501 A1 WO2006080501 A1 WO 2006080501A1 JP 2006301467 W JP2006301467 W JP 2006301467W WO 2006080501 A1 WO2006080501 A1 WO 2006080501A1
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- nucleic acid
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- C12Q1/00—Measuring or testing processes involving enzymes, nucleic acids or microorganisms; Compositions therefor; Processes of preparing such compositions
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- C12Q1/00—Measuring or testing processes involving enzymes, nucleic acids or microorganisms; Compositions therefor; Processes of preparing such compositions
- C12Q1/68—Measuring or testing processes involving enzymes, nucleic acids or microorganisms; Compositions therefor; Processes of preparing such compositions involving nucleic acids
- C12Q1/6876—Nucleic acid products used in the analysis of nucleic acids, e.g. primers or probes
- C12Q1/6888—Nucleic acid products used in the analysis of nucleic acids, e.g. primers or probes for detection or identification of organisms
- C12Q1/689—Nucleic acid products used in the analysis of nucleic acids, e.g. primers or probes for detection or identification of organisms for bacteria
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- C12Q1/00—Measuring or testing processes involving enzymes, nucleic acids or microorganisms; Compositions therefor; Processes of preparing such compositions
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- C12Q1/00—Measuring or testing processes involving enzymes, nucleic acids or microorganisms; Compositions therefor; Processes of preparing such compositions
- C12Q1/68—Measuring or testing processes involving enzymes, nucleic acids or microorganisms; Compositions therefor; Processes of preparing such compositions involving nucleic acids
- C12Q1/6844—Nucleic acid amplification reactions
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- C12Q1/00—Measuring or testing processes involving enzymes, nucleic acids or microorganisms; Compositions therefor; Processes of preparing such compositions
- C12Q1/68—Measuring or testing processes involving enzymes, nucleic acids or microorganisms; Compositions therefor; Processes of preparing such compositions involving nucleic acids
- C12Q1/6844—Nucleic acid amplification reactions
- C12Q1/6851—Quantitative amplification
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- C12Q2531/00—Reactions of nucleic acids characterised by
- C12Q2531/10—Reactions of nucleic acids characterised by the purpose being amplify/increase the copy number of target nucleic acid
- C12Q2531/113—PCR
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a method for quantifying and detecting a microorganism, particularly a microorganism in a living state, by using rRNA as a target.
- a method for quantifying microorganisms a method of culturing microorganisms in a selective medium predicted in advance and measuring the number of bacteria, and a method of culturing microorganisms in a selective liquid medium and measuring turbidity and absorbance are mainly used.
- identification is performed by morphological observation, Gram staining, oxygen demand, sugar utilization, growth state in culture medium, etc.
- Methods, determination by DNA-DNA homology test, detection method of microbial surface antigen by monoclonal antibody, etc. have been used. These methods required time and skill, and were problematic from the viewpoint of speed and simplicity.
- Patent Document 1 a method for quantifying bacteria by the PCR method using a universal primer with total DNA as a target sequence
- a method using 16S rDNA as a target has also been realized.
- Patent Document 2 a quantitative analysis method by PCR using 16S rDNA as a target sequence
- Patent Document 3 An analysis method
- Patent Document 4 a detection method of Lactobacillus species that are beer turbid bacteria
- Non-Patent Documents quantitative analysis of lactic acid bacteria in feces using mRNA as a target sequence
- Patent Documents 5 and 6 A method for detecting cancer cells using a cancer cell-specific mRNA in a specimen as a target sequence.
- detection sensitivity that can replace the conventional method as a quantitative method has not been obtained.
- the detection limit of the quantitative analysis shown in Non-Patent Document 2 is only 10 3 ⁇ 5 or more / g 'stool, and it can be used as an alternative to conventional culture methods from the viewpoint of detection sensitivity. I could't do it.
- these methods target mRNAs of genes unique to each microorganism, and due to problems such as the complexity of primer design and low specificity, there are many types of microorganisms included. It was not suitable for specimen detection.
- the target may be redesigned to be more stable in the cell or in a larger amount in the cell.
- the target may not be preferable for the purpose of detecting only living microorganisms.
- it is not easy to achieve sufficient detection sensitivity and detection of only viable cells at the same time.
- Patent Document 3 Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2002-238585
- Patent Document 2 Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2003-259879
- Patent Document 3 Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2001_112485
- Patent Document 4 Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 10-210980
- Patent Document 5 Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 10-248600
- Patent Document 6 International Publication No. 00Z17395 pamphlet
- Non-Patent Document 1 J Food Prot, vol. 67, No. 4, 823-832. (2004)
- Non-patent document 2 FEMS Microbiology Letters, vol. 231, 125-130 (2004)
- Non-patent document 3 Appl. Environ. Microbiol., Vol. 64, No. 11, 4264-4268 (19
- An object of the present invention is to provide a method for quantitative analysis of microorganisms that can realize detection sensitivity sufficient to replace a conventional culture method and more accurate detection of microorganisms in a living state. To do.
- rRNA 5S, 16S, 23S, eukaryotics in Itoda
- rRNA 5S, 16S, 23S, eukaryotics in Itoda
- 5S, 18S, 26S or 28S 5S, 18S, 26S or 28S
- the inventors have also found that if PCR is used for quantification-detection, detection sensitivity that can replace the conventional method can be realized, and the present invention has been completed.
- the present invention provides a method for quantifying a target microorganism using the amount of rRNA of the target microorganism in a subject as an index.
- the present invention also provides a method for detecting a target microorganism using as an index the presence of the target microorganism rRNA in the subject.
- the present invention also relates to a nucleic acid fragment used in the above method, comprising SEQ ID NO: 2, 3, or 5 to
- the present invention provides a nucleic acid fragment consisting of the nucleotide sequence described in 28 or a complementary nucleotide sequence thereto, or a nucleic acid fragment consisting of a nucleotide sequence homologous thereto and functionally equivalent.
- the present invention provides a kit for carrying out the above method.
- the detection method using rRNA as a target of the present invention is used, a large amount of the target exists, so that a higher detection sensitivity can be achieved compared to the conventional target, but at the same time, the living state It is also possible to detect and quantify microorganisms in In addition, if the PCR method is used for such detection, detection sensitivity that can be used as a substitute for the conventional culture method can be realized. Furthermore, if a method using the PCR method is used, it is much quicker and simpler than conventional methods such as a culture method. That is, by using the method of the present invention, it is possible to simultaneously realize high detection sensitivity, more accurate quantification / detection of living microorganisms, and quickness and simplicity. Therefore, it can be used in practical fields where detection and quantification of microorganisms are required, such as analysis of intestinal flora and detection and quantification of microorganisms that survive in food samples.
- FIG. 1 is a graph showing the correlation between the growth of various microorganisms and the amount of rRNA transcription.
- FIG. 2 is a diagram showing a calibration curve by quantitative RT-PCR method and a comparison of detection range with quantitative PCR method.
- FIG. 3 is a diagram showing the detection range of aeruginosa (Pseudomonas aeruginosa) from human feces.
- FIG. 4 A diagram comparing the quantitative values of human fecal coliforms with quantitative RT-PCR and with the culture method.
- FIG. 5 is a graph showing the sensitivity of detection of coli (E. coli), S. aureus (formerly Staphylococcus aureus) and B. cereu S (Cereus bacteria) from milk.
- FIG. 6 is a graph showing the detection sensitivity of blood from £. Aeruginosa (Pseudomonas aeruginosa) and S. aureus (S. aureus).
- FIG. 7 is a graph showing the sensitivity of detection of coli from fermented milk products.
- the method for quantifying and detecting the target microorganism of the present invention is the target microorganism rRNA in the sample. It is characterized by using the abundance and presence of the as an index.
- the target microorganism rRNA refers to the rRNA that can be possessed by the microorganism intended to be quantitatively detected.
- examples of the rRNA include 5S rRNA in prokaryotes, 16S rRNA, 23S rRNA, 5S rRNA in eukaryotes, 5. 8SrRNA, 18SrRNA, 26SrRNA, and 28SrRN A are listed, but they are mainly used as reliable indicators for current microbial classifications, especially f, force, 16SrRNA, 23SrRNA, 18SrRNA, and 26SrRNA. .
- the target microorganism is a microorganism for the purpose of quantification / detection, and is not particularly limited.
- the target microorganism of the present invention is a concept including not only a microorganism consisting of one kind of bacteria but also a group, a genus and a family consisting of a collection of two or more kinds of bacteria sharing a certain property.
- the subject refers to a target for examining the presence or amount of microorganisms.
- subjects include conjunctival swab, tartar, plaque, sputum, throat swab, saliva, nasal discharge, alveolar lavage fluid, pleural effusion, gastric fluid, gastric lavage fluid, urine, cervical mucus, vaginal secretions, skin lesions
- Ecologically derived samples such as feces, blood, ascites, tissue, spinal fluid, joint fluid, affected wiping fluid, foods, pharmaceuticals, cosmetics, foods / pharmaceuticals, intermediate treatment products of cosmetics, microbial cultures, plants, soil, Examples include objects that may contain microorganisms such as activated sludge and wastewater.
- the specimen sample refers to a sample that is ingested or prepared based on the specimen, and is not particularly limited as long as the specimen can reflect the presence or amount of microorganisms in the specimen. Examples thereof include a mixture containing nucleotides contained in a specimen and a mixture containing RNA. From the viewpoint of use in PCR, a mixture containing RNA contained in a specimen is preferred. [0019]
- the specimen sample can be obtained from all or a part of the specimen, if necessary, by pretreatment by an extraction / separation-purification method, if necessary, by a known method.
- RNA is pretreated by a known method such as filtration, centrifugation, chromatography, etc., if necessary, for example, “guanidine-salt-cesium ultracentrifugation”, “ It can be obtained by extraction using general-purpose methods such as the acidic guanidine-phenol chloroform method (AGPC method), the magnetic bead method, and the silica column method. Also, commercially available kits such as HQIAGEN RNeasy KIt and TRIZOL) Can also be used.
- RNA in a state immobilized in a microorganism as the analyte sample.
- immobilization can be performed using, for example, a commercially available immobilizing agent (RNAprotect Bacterial Regent, RNAlater, etc.).
- the immobilization is preferably performed immediately after the sample is collected from the viewpoint of avoiding a change in the amount of RNA in the microorganism.
- Quantification of the target microorganism in the present invention uses the amount of rRNA of the target microorganism in the sample as an index.
- the amount of the target microorganism rRNA in the sample can be determined, for example, by (1) obtaining the amount of amplified product by PCR using a nucleic acid fragment that can specifically hybridize to the target microorganism rRNA and the sample. It can be obtained by determining the hybridization efficiency between the nucleic acid fragment that can specifically hybridize to the target microorganism rRNA and the sample, or (3) by a quantification method using other known methods.
- the design of “a nucleic acid fragment capable of specifically hybridizing to the target microorganism rRNA” is based on the base sequence possessed by the target microorganism and the base sequence possessed by another microorganism. And a sequence that is specific for the rRNA that the target microorganism may have can be selected.
- the base sequence of rRNA that can be possessed by a microorganism can be obtained, for example, by referring to a database (DDBJ, Genbank, etc.).
- base sequences can be aligned using software (Clustal X, etc.), and specific sequences can be found by visual means.
- the sequence specific to the target microorganism takes into account the size of the range in which the microorganism to be quantified is included. That is, for example, if the purpose is to specifically quantify a certain species, it is preferable to select a sequence specific to that species, and the purpose is to specifically quantify a certain genus. If so, It is preferred to select a genus-specific sequence. Such selection can be appropriately performed using a known method.
- the nucleic acid fragment capable of hybridizing to the target microorganism rRNA is not limited to a sequence designed by force, but can be assumed as appropriate according to known common technical knowledge, and is complementary to the base sequence 'J. Or a homologous base sequence that can be used in the same manner for quantification of the target microorganism, for example, a) one or several, preferably 1 to 10 bases of the base sequence are substituted, added or missing.
- lost base sequence b) base sequence IJ having 90% or more, preferably 95% or more, more preferably 99% or more identity with the base sequence, c) from the base sequence complementary to the base sequence It is also possible to use a base sequence that hybridizes with a DNA under stringent conditions, a strong nucleic acid fragment, and the like.
- nucleic acid fragment is a nucleic acid fragment to which an arbitrary number, preferably 100, more preferably 20, more preferably 10 or less bases are added at both ends or one end, preferably 5 ′ end. It may be a part of
- the length of the nucleic acid fragment is not particularly limited, but a nucleic acid fragment consisting of 5 to 50 bases is preferred, and a nucleic acid fragment consisting of 12 to 35 bases is more preferred.
- the nucleic acid fragment designed by force can be artificially synthesized by a DNA synthesizer, for example, according to the base sequence.
- a fragment whose specificity has been confirmed after synthesis is preferred.
- the specificity can be confirmed, for example, when the target rRNA is of a cocoon type as compared with an appropriate control. This can be done by confirming that a typical PCR amplification product can be obtained.
- nucleic acid fragment for example, a nucleic acid fragment consisting of the base sequence described in SEQ ID NOs: 1 to 30 or a base sequence complementary thereto, or a base sequence homologous thereto and functionally Nucleic acid fragments that are equivalent are mentioned.
- examples of nucleic acid fragments having a base sequence homologous to them and functionally equivalent thereto include the nucleic acid fragments shown in (a) to (c) below, and the quantification of the target microorganism rRNA. Listed are those that can be used for detection.
- nucleic acid fragment consisting of the base sequence represented by SEQ ID NOs: 1 to 30 or a base sequence complementary thereto, wherein one or several bases are deleted, substituted or added.
- a nucleic acid fragment comprising a nucleotide sequence having 90% or more, preferably 95% or more, more preferably 99% or more identity with the nucleotide sequence represented by SEQ ID NOs: 1 to 30 or a complementary nucleotide sequence thereto .
- nucleic acid fragment comprising a base sequence represented by SEQ ID NOs: 1 to 30 or a base sequence which hybridizes under stringent conditions with DNA comprising a base sequence complementary thereto.
- the identity of the base sequence is calculated by using the GENETYX (R) homology analysis program.
- the “stringent conditions” include, for example, 50% formamide, 5 X SSC, 5 X Denhardt's solution and 250 mg / mL salmon sperm DNA, which is incubated at 42 ° C for 16 to 24 hours and hybridized. Conditions are mentioned.
- Nucleic acid fragments that can be used for quantification / detection of the target microorganism rRNA are obtained, for example, by performing PCR and using the target microorganism rRNA as a template. For example, it can be obtained by selecting other microorganism rRNA or a nucleic acid fragment that cannot be obtained when mRNA is used as a template.
- nucleic acid fragment comprising the nucleotide sequence of SEQ ID NO: 1 or 2, or a complementary nucleotide sequence IJ, or a nucleic acid fragment comprising a nucleotide sequence homologous to them and functionally equivalent Bacillus cereus is (2) a nucleic acid fragment consisting of the base sequence of SEQ ID NO: 3 or 4 or a base sequence complementary thereto, or a nucleic acid consisting of a base sequence homologous to them and functionally equivalent The fragment is Clostridium perfringens, (3) a nucleic acid fragment consisting of the nucleotide sequence of SEQ ID NO: 5 or 6 or a complementary nucleotide sequence thereof, or a nucleic acid fragment consisting of a nucleotide sequence homologous to them and functionally equivalent Enterobacteriaceae (4) Nucleic acid fragments comprising the nucleotide sequence of SEQ ID NO: 7 or 8 or a complementary nucleotide sequence thereof
- Lactobacillus brevis (14) a base described in SEQ ID NO: 27 or 28 A nucleic acid fragment consisting of a sequence or a complementary base sequence thereof, or a nucleic acid fragment that is homologous and functionally equivalent to the nucleic acid fragment is represented by Lactobacillus fmctivorans as described in (15) SEQ ID NO: 29 or 30 Nucleic acid fragments consisting of the base sequence or its complementary base sequence, or nucleic acid fragments consisting of base sequences homologous to them and functionally equivalent are used for the specific quantification and detection of Lactobacillus fermentum. be able to.
- nucleic acid fragment consisting of the base sequence described in SEQ ID NO: 1 is a known nucleic acid fragment described in FEMS Microbiology Letters, vol. 202, 209-213 (2001).
- a nucleic acid fragment consisting of the base sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 4 is Microbiol. Immunol ., Vol. 46, No. 5, 353—358 (2002) ⁇ It is a nucleic acid fragment that is described in the public domain.
- the nucleic acid fragment consisting of the base sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 29 or 30 is a known nucleic acid fragment described in JP-A-11-151097.
- nucleic acid fragment consisting of the nucleotide sequence of SEQ ID NO: 2, 3 or 5 to 28 is a nucleic acid fragment found by the present inventors.
- the target microorganism rRNA is The PCR reaction can be performed.
- Such a PCR method is not particularly limited as long as it is a reaction that specifically amplifies a nucleotide fragment derived from the target microorganism rRNA.
- the target microorganism rRNA is of a saddle type and is preferably an enzyme, preferably reverse transcription.
- a method including a step of preparing cDNA by an enzyme or the like is preferred, and a method including a step of amplifying nucleotides using the cDNA prepared by force as a saddle shape is more preferable.
- a PCR method can be performed, for example, by using a known RT-PCR reaction.
- the RT-PCR reaction is a force that can be performed using known methods such as Two-Step RT-PCR and One-Step RT-PCR. It is particularly simple and prevents cross-contamination. From this point, One-Step RT-PCR is preferable.
- Such One-Step RT-PCR method can be performed using, for example, a commercially available kit (QIAGEN One-Step RT-PCR kit, etc.).
- Various reverse transcriptases such as M_MHV reverse transcriptase can be used as the enzyme having reverse transcription activity used in the RT reaction.
- the DNA polymerase used in the PCR reaction for amplifying DNA is preferably heat resistant at a temperature of 90 ° C or higher.
- Such a PCR reaction includes, for example, a heat denaturation reaction in which double-stranded DNA is converted into a single strand at 90 to 98 ° C, and an annealing reaction to hybridize a primer to a vertical cDNA at 37 to 72 ° C.
- the elongation reaction for allowing DNA polymerase to act can be carried out by carrying out 1 to several tens of cycles of 1 cycle of this at a temperature of 50 to 75 ° C. Examples of preferable reaction conditions are thermal denaturation 95 ° C. for 30 seconds, annealing 60 ° C. for 30 seconds, and extension reaction 72 ° C. for 60 seconds.
- PCR reaction it is preferable to use two kinds of primers as one set. In this case, it is necessary to make both the combinations of leading and lagging strands.
- Book Since the annealing temperature in the RT-PCR reaction of the nucleic acid fragment provided in the invention is set almost constant, it becomes possible to simultaneously assay nucleic acid fragments of a plurality of microorganisms. It can also be used as a probe, and can be used in combination with other known universal primers, oligonucleotides and the like.
- rRNA which is a type of RT-PCR reaction
- those containing lpg to lzg RNA as the total RNA amount are preferred, and those containing 10 pg to 0. preferable.
- the amount of the target microorganism rRNA can be determined by appropriately calculating in consideration of the amount of amplification product amplified by the PCR reaction carried out by force and the number of PCR cycles.
- Example Fig. 1 it has been clarified that there is also a good correlation between the "target microorganism rRNA amount” and "the number of target microorganisms” that are determined by force. It was. Therefore, the number of bacteria of the target microorganism can be determined by taking into account the “target microorganism rRNA amount” determined by force. Also, without going through the process of calculating the “target microorganism rRNA amount”, the “amplified product amount amplified by the PCR reaction” and the “number of PCR cycles” performed as described above should be taken into consideration. By doing so, the number of target microorganisms can be obtained.
- Knowing the amount of PCR amplification product and the number of PCR cycles is not particularly limited, and can be performed by any method.
- the number of PCR cycles when a certain amount of DNA is set arbitrarily. It can be done by specifying.
- the number of PCR cycles when a certain set fluorescence intensity is reached can be identified using the ⁇ PCR method that measures labeling over time in conjunction with the PCR method for labeling PCR products. '' This can be done.
- the constant fluorescence intensity is preferably set within the range of the fluorescence intensity that can be reached when the amplification product is logarithmically amplified from the viewpoint of reflecting an appropriate correlation. Such a range can be appropriately understood by a known method.
- examples of the label include a label with a fluorescent dye
- examples of measurement of the label include measurement of fluorescence intensity.
- a label with a fluorescent dye for example, intercalation
- SYBR (R) Green I is an example of the intercalator fluorescent dye. Since the intercalating dye has the property that the fluorescence intensity is enhanced by intercalating the double-stranded nucleic acid, fluorescence having an intensity reflecting the amplified PCR product is emitted.
- labeling with a fluorescent dye can be performed by using a TaqMan probe or Moleculer Beacon labeled with a fluorescent dye.
- the TaqMan probe and Moleculer Beacon are probes in which a fluorescent dye and a Taentia are bound to an oligonucleotide having homology with the internal sequence of the region amplified by PCR, and are used together in the PCR reaction.
- a fluorescent dye and a Taentia are bound to an oligonucleotide having homology with the internal sequence of the region amplified by PCR, and are used together in the PCR reaction.
- TaqMan probes and Moleculer Beacon have to find complementary sequences specific to bacteria suitable for the probe, which may be difficult depending on the target.
- the amount of rRNA can be obtained by taking into account the “amplified PCR product amount and the number of PCR cycles” obtained by force and the results of appropriate comparative experiments. That is, for example, referring to “Results of Comparative Experiments Using rRNAs with Known Amounts” and appropriately comparing the “amount of PCR amplification products with the number of PCR cycles” obtained as described above. Then, the amount of the target microorganism rRNA can be calculated by a known method.
- the number of target microorganisms can be determined by taking into account the "amount of target microorganism rRNA" calculated by force and the result of an appropriate comparison experiment.
- the appropriate comparison with the “quantity of target microorganism rRNA” calculated in advance is made.
- the number of target microorganisms can be calculated by a known method.
- the number of microorganisms of the test microorganism that is a type of PCR and “the number of PCR cycles” (hereinafter also referred to as C value) when a certain amount of PCR amplification product is reached. )
- C value the number of PCR cycles
- Such a calibration curve shows the number of target microorganisms on the horizontal axis.
- a known strain such as a reference strain may be used.
- the result of a comparative experiment conducted using a sample sample whose corresponding number of bacteria is known and "the amount of PCR amplification product and the number of PCR cycles” obtained as described above. If appropriate, the number of target microorganisms can be directly calculated without going through the process of calculating the amount of rRNA. Specifically, the C value derived from the specimen sample may be applied to the calibration curve described above.
- the amount of the target microorganism rRNA in the subject is determined by, for example, (2) knowing the hybridization efficiency between the nucleic acid fragment that can specifically hybridize to the target microorganism rRNA and the subject sample. Can also be sought.
- nucleic acid fragment that can specifically hybridize with the target microorganism rRNA for example, a nucleic acid fragment designed and produced as described above can be used.
- a nucleic acid fragment is preferably a labeled nucleic acid fragment.
- the label include an enzyme, a paramagnetic ion, piotin, a fluorescent dye, a chromophore, a heavy metal, and a radioisotope, and a more preferable marker includes an enzyme.
- an enzyme includes a horseradish page. Roxidase or alkaline phosphatase can be mentioned. Such marking can be done by known methods.
- the amount of the target microorganism rRNA and / or the number of the target microorganism in the specimen can be obtained by a known conversion method.
- Measurement of the degree of such hybridization is not particularly limited, and can be performed according to a known method. For example, it can be performed by measuring a label added to a nucleic acid fragment. That is, for example, when a nucleic acid fragment labeled with a fluorescent dye is used, the measurement can be performed by measuring the fluorescence intensity. Such measurement is preferably performed in parallel with an appropriate control.
- a sample known not to specifically hybridize with a nucleic acid fragment to be used” or “a sample containing a known number of target microorganisms” is derived.
- Analyte sample “ analyte sample ingested or prepared from a subject whose target microorganism rRNA amount is already known ”, and the like.
- the amount of target microorganism rRNA or the number of target microorganisms can be obtained by a known conversion method.
- the number of microorganisms can be obtained publicly by taking into account the target microorganism rRNA amount calculated by force and the results of appropriate comparative experiments. It can also be done by known methods.
- the target microorganism detection method of the present invention uses the presence of the target microorganism rRNA in the sample as an index.
- “microbe detection” includes the identification of microorganisms. It also includes confirming that the detection target microorganism is present in the sample, or confirming that the detection target microorganism is not present in the sample.
- the detection method of the present invention In order to confirm the presence of the target microorganism rRNA in the specimen using the detection method of the present invention, (1) PCR using a nucleic acid fragment that can specifically hybridize to the specimen sample and the target microorganism rRNA. Detection of amplification products by the method, (2) detection of hybrids between such nucleic acid fragments and sample, (3) detection of the target microorganism rRNA using other known methods, etc. Just do it. The methods (1) to (3) can be easily performed by considering the method already described. The presence of the target microorganism rRNA indicates that the target microorganism was present in the sample, so that the target microorganism can be detected. However, since non-specific PCR product amplification and non-specific hybridization can be performed, it is preferable to perform the comparison with an appropriate control.
- the quantification method using the amount of rRNA as an indicator and the detection method using the presence of rRNA as an indicator have higher detection sensitivity than conventional methods using the amount of rDNA as an indicator. It became clear that it could be achieved.
- the method using the amount of rRNA as an index can accurately quantify and detect living microorganisms without quantitatively detecting dead cells together. It was.
- the quantification * detection method of the present invention (hereinafter also referred to as "method of the present invention") is used, microorganisms in a living state can be specifically quantified and detected with higher detection sensitivity than conventional methods. can do. Therefore, the method of the present invention can be used, for example, (1) for the purpose of quantifying and detecting a target microorganism in a living state contained in a subject with higher detection sensitivity than the conventional method, and (2) higher detection sensitivity than the conventional method. (3) Measure the ratio of the number of dead cells contained in the sample to the number of living microorganisms with higher detection sensitivity than the conventional method.
- confirmation for example, (a) when it is necessary to accurately and accurately grasp the number of living microorganisms Quantitative detection to determine the presence or amount of living microorganisms, and (b) If the number of living microorganisms is calculated by other experimental systems And confirmation to examine the accuracy of the calculated numerical value.
- the number of dead cells is quantified, for example, the total number of dead cells and viable cells is measured by a known method known to detect dead cells together. It is preferable.
- the number of viable cells calculated by the method of the present invention can be obtained by removing from the total number.
- the method of the present invention as a method for quantitatively detecting a microorganism that is difficult to measure by a conventional culture method, such as a colony that cannot be formed, a microorganism, or a microorganism that cannot be liquid-cultured, for example. I'll use it for you.
- the method of the present invention quantifies microorganisms with a detection sensitivity equivalent to or higher than that of the culture method, that is, a detection sensitivity of 10 ° or more / g ⁇ sample, or 10 ° or more / mL ⁇ sample. It can also be used as a method.
- RNA extractability of the sample can be completed within about 6 hours until the quantification / detection of the microorganism. Therefore, the method of the present invention can also be used as a method for detecting microorganisms in a short time (within 6 hours).
- the method of the present invention If a method using the PCR method is used in the method of the present invention, it is possible to simultaneously realize high detection sensitivity, more accurate quantitative detection of microorganisms in a living state, and quickness and simplicity. . For this reason, the method of the present invention is used, for example, for the purpose of “inspection of contaminating bacteria, harmful bacteria, pathogenic microorganisms” in the medical field and the food industry where particularly rapid and sensitive quantitative detection is required. Can do.
- the method of the present invention can also be carried out using a kit for carrying out such a method.
- a kit for carrying out such a method for example, (1) a nucleic acid fragment that can specifically hybridize to the target microorganism rRNA, (2) a protocol that describes the carrying method, and / or Or (3) kits containing reagents used for RNA extraction, RNA immobilization, or PCR reactions, but the kit of the present invention is not limited to these, and all or some of the steps of the method are performed.
- a kit for carrying out such a method for example, (1) a nucleic acid fragment that can specifically hybridize to the target microorganism rRNA, (2) a protocol that describes the carrying method, and / or Or (3) kits containing reagents used for RNA extraction, RNA immobilization, or PCR reactions, but the kit of the present invention is not limited to these, and all or some of the steps of the method are performed.
- 16S and 23S rRNA DNA sequences were obtained from DNA Data Bank of Japan (http://www.ddbj.nig.ac.jp/Welcome—j.html). After arranging these sequences using the Clustal W program, a phylogenetic tree was created. Based on the phylogenetic tree, each fungus was classified into a family, genus, and subgroup, and primers were designed for each classification. Table 1 shows the primer sequences and target rRNA species. Note that the column of reference in Table 1 indicates a document in which such a sequence is described. In addition, when this column is blank, it indicates that the sequence is a novel sequence found by the present invention. Non-patent document 4 shows Microbiol.
- Patent Document 7 discloses Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 11-151097.
- Example 2 Confirmation of primer specificity
- Table 2 28 species of genus and 57 species
- Table 3 18 species of genus and 60 species
- lysis buffer 450 ⁇ 1 [RLT buffer (QIAGEN) 346.5 ⁇ 1, / 3-mercaptoethanol 3.5 ⁇ 1, ⁇ buffer 100 zl] and 300 mg of glass beads (0.1 mm in diameter) were added, and the cells were disrupted by shaking vigorously at 5, OOOrpm for 1 minute with FastPrep FP120 (BiolOl).
- 500 ⁇ l of water-saturated phenol was added and incubated at 60 ° C for 10 minutes. After adding 100 ⁇ of black mouth form / isoamyl alcohol (CIA) and stirring, the mixture was centrifuged at 12, OOOrpm, 4 ° C, 5 minutes.
- CIA black mouth form / isoamyl alcohol
- the supernatant was removed, the tube was air-dried, and the precipitate was dissolved in 50 ⁇ 1 RNase_free water to obtain a total RNA extraction solution.
- QIAGEN OneStep RT-PCR Kit QIAGEN
- the composition of the reaction solution (total volume 25 ⁇ 1) consists of 2 1 total 13 ⁇ 4 ⁇ 8 solutions (2 10 1; equivalent) and IX QIAGEN OneStep RT-PCR Buffer, 0.5 mM dNTP Mix as final concentration, 1Z25 QIAGEN OneStep RT-PCR Enzyme Mix, 1 / 100,000 amount of SYBR (R) Green I (Molecular Probes), 0.75 ⁇ M
- Each primer (described in Table 1) was prepared.
- RNA corresponding to 2xlO3 ⁇ 4FU was used as a template.
- the reaction solution was first subjected to reverse transcription at 50 ° C for 30 minutes, and then heated at 95 ° C for 15 minutes to inactivate the reverse transcription enzyme. Bow I followed by 94 ° C '20 seconds, 55 ° C or 60 ° C '20 seconds, 72. O '50 seconds were measured for 40 to 45 cycles, and the amount of amplified product was measured as the fluorescence intensity of SY BR (R) Green I for each cycle.
- R fluorescence intensity of SY BR
- primers En_lsu 3F / 3 'R Enterobacteriaceae
- g— Staph— FZR genus Staphylococcus
- PSD7F / R genus Pseudomonas
- s-Clper-F / C1PER-R Clostridium perfringens
- S—S—Be—200—a—S—18 / Bc2R Bacillus cereus
- g—Encoc FR EnterococcusS
- the primers sg _Laci_FZR (Lactobacills acidophilus subgnoleop), sg— Lsak— F / R (Lactobacillus sakei safuku, nore ipuno, sg— Leas— F / R (Lactobacillus casei safuku, / Leffe, sg—Lrum—FR (Lactobacillus ruminis), sg—Lreu—F / R (Lactobacillus reuteri), sg—Lpla—F / R (Lactobacillus plantarum Saf-Knolefe), s—Lbre—F / R (Lactobacillus brevis), s— Lfru— F / R (Lactobacillus fructivorans), and LFer-1 / 2 (Lactobacillus fermentum) are clearly able to detect only the target subgroup
- the relationship between the number of bacteria having colony-forming ability derived from the amount of rRNA transcript measured by the method was examined. In other words, after the start of aerobic shaking culture at 37 ° C using BHI medium, the number of bacteria was measured by the culture method (37 ° C, 24 hours) using BHI agar medium using the bacterial solution collected over time did. On the other hand, RNA was extracted from sampnore collected in the same manner and subjected to quantitative RT-PCR analysis.
- the number of bacteria in each sampnore was calculated based on a calibration curve prepared in the manner described in Example 4 using RNA extracted from the late growth of logarithmic strains with known numbers of bacteria. Total RNA extraction and quantitative RT-PCR were performed as described in Example 2. The results are shown in Fig. 1.
- Fig. 1 the number of bacteria calculated from the amount of rRNA transcribed is indicated by black circles, and the number of bacteria by the culture method is indicated by ⁇ (white circles).
- the fluctuation curves for the number of viable cells and the number of cells calculated from the amount of rRNA transcribed by the culture method in the bacterial solution are highly related to the logarithmic growth phase force until the death phase. It was. Thus, it was clarified that the number of living microorganisms can be measured in any state by measuring the amount of rRNA transcription.
- Calibration curves were prepared by the method of the present invention (quantitative RT-PCR method) using cultured cells in the late logarithmic growth of _ aeruginosa YIT6108 T (reference strain) and ⁇ aureus YIT6075 T (reference strain).
- a calibration curve by a quantitative PCR method was prepared and compared with the method of the present invention.
- sort the cells to 10 5 , 10 ⁇ 10 3 , 10 2 , 10 1 , 10 °, and extract RNA as in Example 2. did. They were subjected to quantitative RT-PCR according to Example 2 using the primers shown in Table 1. The correlation between the obtained C value and the number of bacteria determined by the culture method described in Example 3 was examined. Also, the following
- the DNA obtained from the same sample by the method shown in Fig. 5 was also examined for quantification by PCR using rDNA as the target sequence. Specifically, the number of bacteria is 10 5 . After adding lmL of PBS to the bacterial solution separated so as to be 10 ° C and stirring, centrifugation was performed at 15,000 rpm, 4 ° C for 5 minutes, and the supernatant was removed. Add lmL PBS to the precipitate The operation of stirring, centrifuging, and removing the supernatant was repeated twice.
- lysis buffer 100 ⁇ Tris—HC1, 40 mM EDTA, 1% SDS, pH 9.0
- TE saturated phenol 500 ⁇ 1 300 mg (0.1 mm in diameter).
- the cells were crushed by shaking vigorously at 5, OOOrpm for 30 seconds in FP120. Centrifugation was performed under conditions of 15, OOOrpm, 4 ° C for 5 minutes, and the supernatant was collected. Add phenol (TE-filled mouth) / black mouth form / isoamyl alcohol to the supernatant, shake vigorously with FastPrep FP120 for 4, seconds at OOOrpm, then at 15, OOOrpm, 4 ° C for 5 minutes. Centrifugal operation was performed under the conditions described above.
- Alcohol precipitation was performed using the separated and recovered supernatant, and then dissolved in 50 ⁇ l of cocoon buffer to obtain a DNA solution. Subsequently, a PCR reaction was carried out using the obtained DNA solution as a bowl. The total amount of the PCR reaction is 25 ⁇ 1, 2 ⁇ 1 DNA solution and final concentration of 10 mM Tris-HCl (pH 8.3), 50 mM KC1, 2.5 mM MgCl, 0.45%
- Each reaction solution containing each primer PSD7F / R, g- Staph — F / R was used.
- the reaction solution was heated at 94 ° C. for 5 minutes, then subjected to 40 cycles of 94 ° C. for 20 seconds, 60 ° C. for 20 seconds, and 72 ° C. for 50 seconds, and then reacted at 72 ° C. for 10 minutes.
- the amount of amplified product was measured as the fluorescence intensity of SYBR (R) Green I for each cycle.
- R fluorescence intensity of SYBR
- R ABI PRISM
- 1/25 of RNA and DNA extraction amount were used for the reaction.
- both methods have very good logarithmic values and C values for the number of microorganisms.
- Figure 2 shows the C value on the vertical axis measured by the culture method for each bacterial species used in the sample.
- the quantitative RT-PCR method can detect that the number of microorganisms in the extracted sample is 10 °, and has the same detection sensitivity as the conventional culture method. As an alternative, it has become clear that it can be used for quantification 'detection of microorganisms.
- rDN Compared with the PCR method using A as a target sequence, the detection sensitivity of the method of the present invention is about 1,000 times higher than that of the conventional method for quantifying microorganisms using the gene amplification method. It became clear that it had sensitivity.
- Example 4 the number of bacteria was measured from the same sample by a culture method. Extraction of total RNA and quantitative RT-PCR were performed in the same manner as in Example 2, culture was performed in Example 3, and DNA extraction and quantitative PCR were performed in the same manner as in Example 4. Of the total RNA and total DNA obtained, 1 / 2,500 were subjected to quantitative RT-PCR and quantitative PCR.
- the method of the present invention shows a straight line in the approximate curve of the measured value in the range of 10 2 9 to 10 1Q pieces / g 'stool. Sex was recognized.
- Figure 3 shows the C value on the vertical axis and P.. Aeruginosa ⁇ used for Sampnore.
- the number / g 'stool measured by the culture method is plotted on the horizontal axis. Quantitative RT-PCR postcards (black circles) and quantitative PCRs are shown with ⁇ (white circles).
- the limit of quantification in the human fecal sample of the method of the present invention was 10 2 ⁇ 9 or more / g ′ feces, which was almost the same as the culture method of 10 2 or more Zg ′ feces.
- the method of the present invention completed the test from RNA fixation to quantification in about 6 hours.
- RNA extracted from coli YIT 6044 T was used.
- FIG. 4 it was clarified that the quantitative RT-PCR method targeting the rRNA of the present invention and the culture method showed a very high correlation coefficient of 0.9255.
- the vertical axis shows the quantification result by the culture method
- the horizontal axis shows the quantification result by the method of the present invention.
- the culture method it took 2 days to perform all operations, whereas in the method of the present invention, the entire operation was completed in about 6 hours.
- C in the range of 10 ° to 10 6 per ml of milk for any bacterial species.
- FIG. 5 shows E. coli applied to the sample with C value on the vertical axis (Fig. 5, upper left)
- RNA extraction and quantitative RT-PCR were performed by the method described in Example 2. Of the total RNA extracted, 1/25 was subjected to quantitative RT-PCR.
- Figure 6 shows P. aeruginosa (Fig. 6).
- ⁇ il ⁇ (Fig. 6 right) are plotted by the horizontal axis of the number / 0.5mL 'blood measured by the pour culture method.
- the limit of quantification of the method of the present invention is 10 ° or more / 0.5 mL-blood, which is similar to the pour culture method, indicating that it can be an alternative to the pour culture method.
- the method of the present invention completed the determination of the RNA fixation force of the specimen in about 6 hours.
- Example 9 E. coli testing of fermented milk products
- lmL was subjected to total RNA extraction, and lmL was subjected to a pour culture method (37.C, 20 ⁇ 2 hours) using a desoxycholate agar medium.
- the extracted total RNA was analyzed by quantitative RT-PCR using coliform group-specific primer En_lsu 3F / 3 'R, and the obtained C value and pour culture
- Example 2 The correlation of the number of bacteria obtained by the cultivation method was examined. Extraction of total RNA was performed by the method described in Example 2 except for the disruption of bacterial cells with glass beads, and quantitative RT-PCR was performed in Example 2. The method described in 1. Of the total RNA extracted, 1/25 was subjected to quantitative RT-PCR.
- the C value and the number of bacteria are highly correlated in the range of 10 ° to 10 5 cells / mL.
- Fig. 7 shows the c value as a vertical axis and log measured by the pour culture method of ⁇ li used for Sampu Nore.
- ZmL 'Yakult is equivalent to the pour culture method, so it can be used as an alternative to the pour culture method using the official medium (desoxycholate agar medium) described in the Ministerial Ordinance of Milk. It became power.
- the method of the present invention completed the determination in about 6 hours from the RNA fixation force of the specimen.
- Example 10 Analysis of lactic acid bacteria and enterococci in human feces by quantitative RT-PCR and culture method Quantification using the primers listed in Table 1 according to the number of Lactobacillus and Enterococcus species in human sparrow stool Comparison of RT-PCR method and culture method. Freshly excreted stool from 48 healthy adults was collected, stool was treated by the method described in Example 6, and RNA fixation, total RNA extraction, and quantitative RT-PCR were performed by the method described in Example 2. It was. Of the total RNA obtained, 1 / 2,000-: 1 / 200,000 was subjected to quantitative RT-PCR.
- CFU was quantified from the same stool dilution by a culture method (Lactobacillus 3 ⁇ 4: LBS medium, Enterococcus genus: COBA medium, both at 37 ° C, 48 hours).
- the culture method was in accordance with the standard method, and the colonies that appeared were identified by biochemical property tests (Gram staining, catalase test, API Strep).
- the method of the present invention can detect and quantify bacteria that could not be detected by the conventional culture method, in addition to being able to obtain the same number of bacteria as the culture method. Moreover, in the culture method, it took 7 days to perform all operations including identification of the bacterial species, whereas in the method of the present invention, the entire operation was completed in about 20 hours.
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ES06712610T ES2428146T3 (es) | 2005-01-31 | 2006-01-30 | Método para analizar cuantitativamente un microorganismo eligiendo como diana un ARNr |
JP2007500631A JP5238248B2 (ja) | 2005-01-31 | 2006-01-30 | rRNAを標的とした微生物の定量的解析方法 |
CA2596059A CA2596059C (en) | 2005-01-31 | 2006-01-30 | Method of quantitatively analysing microorganism targeting rrna |
US11/814,579 US10174386B2 (en) | 2005-01-31 | 2006-01-30 | Method of quantitatively analyzing microorganism targeting rRNA |
EP06712610.2A EP1845158B1 (en) | 2005-01-31 | 2006-01-30 | METHOD OF QUANTITATIVELY ANALYSING MICROORGANISM TARGETING rRNA |
DK06712610.2T DK1845158T3 (da) | 2005-01-31 | 2006-01-30 | Metode til kvantitativ analyse af mikroorganisme med rrna-targeting |
KR1020077017768A KR101409193B1 (ko) | 2005-01-31 | 2006-01-30 | 알 알엔에이를 표적으로 한 미생물의 정량적 해석방법 |
PL06712610T PL1845158T3 (pl) | 2005-01-31 | 2006-01-30 | Sposób ilościowego oznaczania drobnoustroju ukierunkowanego na rRNA |
NZ560246A NZ560246A (en) | 2005-01-31 | 2006-01-30 | Method of quantitatively analysing microorganism using targeting rRNA |
AU2006209416A AU2006209416B2 (en) | 2005-01-31 | 2006-01-30 | Method of quantitatively analysing microorganism targeting rRNA |
BRPI0607194A BRPI0607194B8 (pt) | 2005-01-31 | 2006-01-30 | método e kit para analisar quantitativamente um microrganismo por marcação de rrna |
NO20073675A NO342747B1 (no) | 2005-01-31 | 2007-07-17 | Fremgangsmåte for kvantifisering av en mikroorganisme, anvendelse av et nukleinsyrefragment for kvantifisering av en mikroorganisme og anvendelse av et sett for kvantifisering av en mikroorganisme |
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WO2008146306A2 (en) * | 2007-06-01 | 2008-12-04 | Council Of Scientific & Industrial Research | A novel method for simultaneous detection and discrimination of bacterial, fungal, parasitic and viral infections of eye and central nervous system |
JP2015188359A (ja) * | 2014-03-27 | 2015-11-02 | 三菱重工業株式会社 | スフィンゴモナス属細菌の検出方法及びそのプライマー、生物処理槽の活性予測方法 |
JP2018121528A (ja) * | 2017-01-30 | 2018-08-09 | 株式会社Kri | 活性汚泥の診断方法、活性汚泥処理装置の最適運転条件決定方法、活性汚泥異常要因微生物の同定方法及び活性汚泥処理装置の運転改善方法 |
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WO2008146306A3 (en) * | 2007-06-01 | 2009-01-15 | Council Scient Ind Res | A novel method for simultaneous detection and discrimination of bacterial, fungal, parasitic and viral infections of eye and central nervous system |
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TWI410491B (zh) * | 2007-06-01 | 2013-10-01 | Council Scient Ind Res | 眼睛與中樞神經系統之細菌、黴菌、寄生蟲及病毒感染之新穎同步檢測及鑑別方法 |
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Also Published As
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JP5238248B2 (ja) | 2013-07-17 |
CN104232769B (zh) | 2020-04-14 |
NZ560246A (en) | 2011-03-31 |
EP1845158A4 (en) | 2009-12-09 |
US20090170078A1 (en) | 2009-07-02 |
CN101111596A (zh) | 2008-01-23 |
KR20070105980A (ko) | 2007-10-31 |
ES2428146T3 (es) | 2013-11-06 |
DK1845158T3 (da) | 2013-11-11 |
RU2420595C2 (ru) | 2011-06-10 |
AU2006209416A1 (en) | 2006-08-03 |
CA2596059A1 (en) | 2006-08-03 |
NO20073675L (no) | 2007-08-28 |
US10174386B2 (en) | 2019-01-08 |
CA2596059C (en) | 2015-08-04 |
BRPI0607194B1 (pt) | 2018-02-14 |
JPWO2006080501A1 (ja) | 2008-06-19 |
KR101409193B1 (ko) | 2014-06-19 |
AU2006209416B2 (en) | 2011-02-10 |
BRPI0607194B8 (pt) | 2021-07-27 |
RU2007132732A (ru) | 2009-03-10 |
CN104232769A (zh) | 2014-12-24 |
EP1845158A1 (en) | 2007-10-17 |
EP1845158B1 (en) | 2013-09-11 |
PL1845158T3 (pl) | 2014-02-28 |
CN110079617A (zh) | 2019-08-02 |
BRPI0607194A2 (pt) | 2009-08-25 |
NO342747B1 (no) | 2018-08-06 |
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