WO2006057223A9 - 燃料電池システム - Google Patents
燃料電池システムInfo
- Publication number
- WO2006057223A9 WO2006057223A9 PCT/JP2005/021374 JP2005021374W WO2006057223A9 WO 2006057223 A9 WO2006057223 A9 WO 2006057223A9 JP 2005021374 W JP2005021374 W JP 2005021374W WO 2006057223 A9 WO2006057223 A9 WO 2006057223A9
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- fuel cell
- power generation
- hot water
- generation output
- heat
- Prior art date
Links
Classifications
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04007—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids related to heat exchange
- H01M8/04029—Heat exchange using liquids
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04007—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids related to heat exchange
- H01M8/04052—Storage of heat in the fuel cell system
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
- H01M8/04313—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems characterised by the detection or assessment of variables; characterised by the detection or assessment of failure or abnormal function
- H01M8/0432—Temperature; Ambient temperature
- H01M8/04328—Temperature; Ambient temperature of anode reactants at the inlet or inside the fuel cell
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
- H01M8/04313—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems characterised by the detection or assessment of variables; characterised by the detection or assessment of failure or abnormal function
- H01M8/0432—Temperature; Ambient temperature
- H01M8/04373—Temperature; Ambient temperature of auxiliary devices, e.g. reformers, compressors, burners
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
- H01M8/04694—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems characterised by variables to be controlled
- H01M8/04858—Electric variables
- H01M8/04925—Power, energy, capacity or load
- H01M8/0494—Power, energy, capacity or load of fuel cell stacks
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/06—Combination of fuel cells with means for production of reactants or for treatment of residues
- H01M8/0606—Combination of fuel cells with means for production of reactants or for treatment of residues with means for production of gaseous reactants
- H01M8/0612—Combination of fuel cells with means for production of reactants or for treatment of residues with means for production of gaseous reactants from carbon-containing material
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M2250/00—Fuel cells for particular applications; Specific features of fuel cell system
- H01M2250/40—Combination of fuel cells with other energy production systems
- H01M2250/405—Cogeneration of heat or hot water
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
- H01M8/04992—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems characterised by the implementation of mathematical or computational algorithms, e.g. feedback control loops, fuzzy logic, neural networks or artificial intelligence
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
- Y02B90/00—Enabling technologies or technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02B90/10—Applications of fuel cells in buildings
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
- Y02E60/50—Fuel cells
Definitions
- the present invention provides a fuel cell, a reformer that generates fuel gas to be supplied to the fuel cell, a hot water tank for storing hot water, and a hot water circulation circuit for circulating the hot water. It relates to a battery system.
- a fuel cell As this fuel cell system, a fuel cell, a reformer that generates fuel gas to be supplied to the fuel cell, a hot water storage tank for storing hot water, and a hot water circulation circuit for circulating the hot water are provided. It is well known that the hot water is heated by recovering the exhaust heat generated in the fuel cell and reformer on the hot water circulation circuit.
- the fuel cell power generation system 10 includes a heat exchange medium circulation path 50 through which a heat exchange medium 54 (water or hot water) circulates.
- a heat exchange medium 54 water or hot water
- the heat exchange medium 5 4 stored in the hot water tank 52 is transferred from the hot water tank 52 to the anode off-gas heat exchange 42, the power sword off-gas heat exchange 44, the combustion exhaust gas heat exchanger 45, and the cooling water heat exchange.
- This is a circulation path that passes through the vessel 46 in this order and then returns to the hot water tank 52 again.
- the anode off-gas heat exchange recovers the heat of the anode off-gas discharged from the anode by the heat exchange medium 54
- the power sword off-gas heat exchange 44 uses the heat of the power sword off-gas discharged from the power sword to the heat exchange medium 54
- the flue gas heat exchanger 45 recovers the heat of the flue gas by the heat exchange medium 54
- the cooling water heat exchanger 46 is the fuel cell 40, the initial off-gas heat exchanger 58 and the initial The heat of the cooling water flowing through the cooling water circulation path 43 passing through the off-gas combustor 57 is recovered by the heat exchange medium 54.
- Patent Document 2 “Fuel Cell Power Generation System” is known.
- the fuel cell power generation system 20 uses water from a cold water pipe 54 connected to the bottom of a hot water storage tank 52 to a radiator 42 and an inverter 48.
- a system for returning to the top of the hot water storage tank 52 via a cooler 48b for cooling a, a condenser 38, a heat exchanger 36, and a hot water pipe 56 is arranged.
- the heat exchanger 36 is incorporated in a circulation channel (circulation channel indicated by a broken line in the figure) of a cooling medium (cooling water or the like) of the fuel cell stack 34 to cool the cooling medium.
- the polymer electrolyte fuel cell power generator GS1 includes a heat exchanger 32 of an exhaust system 31, a heat exchanger 46 of an exhaust system 45, and a fuel cell 6.
- heat exchange HEX is installed, and the water in the hot water storage tank 50 is pumped through the heat exchange ⁇ HEX and heat exchange ⁇ 71, There is a line L1 that circulates the hot water A sent to 32 and 46 and exchanged heat to recover the waste heat and circulates directly to the water tank 21 so that heat can be exchanged.
- a line L2 for sending the hot water A to the hot water storage tank 50 when the hot water A does not need to be sent to the water tank 21 via the line L1 is also provided. Cooling water that circulates through the cooling part 6 c of the fuel cell 6 by the pump 48 flows into the water tank 21 through the water pipe 73.
- Patent Document 1 Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No. 2003-257457 (Page 47, Fig. 1)
- Patent Document 2 JP 2004-111209 (Page 4-6, Fig. 1)
- Patent Document 3 Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2002-216819 (Page 2-6, Figure 1-3)
- the present invention has been made to solve the above-described problems, and provides a fuel cell system capable of replenishing hot water storage with high-pressure water source power without causing an increase in cost and size. With the goal.
- the structural features of the invention according to claim 1 are a fuel cell, a reformer that generates fuel gas to be supplied to the fuel cell, and a hot water storage that stores hot water.
- a fuel cell system that includes a tank and a hot water circulation circuit through which hot water is circulated, recovers waste heat generated in the fuel cell and reformer on the hot water circulation circuit and heats the hot water.
- a heat medium that is provided independently of the circuit and collects at least one of the off-gas exhaust heat discharged from the fuel cell power, the exhaust heat generated by the reformer, and the exhaust heat generated by the power generation of the fuel cell Is provided with a heat medium circulation circuit through which heat is circulated, and a heat exchange in which heat is exchanged between the hot water and the heat medium.
- a structural feature of the invention according to claim 2 is that in claim 1, at least one of the hot water circulation circuit and the heat medium circulation circuit is provided with a cooling means for cooling the fluid.
- the structural feature of the invention according to claim 3 is the bypass path according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the heat exchanger is bypassed in at least one of the hot water circulation circuit and the heat medium circulation circuit. It is to have established.
- the structural feature of the invention according to claim 4 is that, in claim 1, the heat medium circulation circuit is configured such that the first heat medium that circulates the first heat medium that recovers the exhaust heat generated by power generation of the fuel cell.
- the heat exchanger is composed of the first heat exchange ⁇ in which heat is exchanged between the hot water and the first heat medium, the hot water and the second heat medium. That is, at least one of the second heat exchange in which heat is exchanged between the two is also configured.
- the structural feature of the invention according to claim 5 is that, in claim 4, the high-temperature and steam-containing gas power calorific value flowing through the reformer and the fuel cell on the second heat medium circulation circuit.
- the second heat medium is a condensed refrigerant that flows through the condenser.
- the structural feature of the invention according to claim 6 is that in claim 4, the cooling means for cooling the fluid is provided in at least one of the hot water circulation circuit and the first and second heat medium circulation circuits. It is to be prepared.
- the structural feature of the invention according to claim 7 is that in any one of claims 4 to 6, the hot water circulation circuit and / or the second heat medium circulation circuit are provided in at least one of them.
- a bypass path is provided to bypass heat exchange.
- the structural feature of the invention according to claim 8 is that in any one of claims 4 to 6, the hot water circulation circuit and the first heat medium circulation circuit are provided in at least one of the first and second aspects.
- the structural feature of the invention according to claim 9 is that, in claim 1, the heat medium circulation circuit recovers exhaust heat generated by power generation of the fuel cell and off-gas discharged from the fuel cell. This is a circuit that circulates a heat medium that recovers at least one of the exhaust heat and the heat generated by the reformer. The heat exchanger exchanges heat between the hot water and the heat medium. Is to do.
- the structural feature of the invention according to claim 10 is that, in claim 9, at least one of the hot water circulation circuit and the heat medium circulation circuit is provided with a cooling means for cooling the fluid.
- the structural feature of the invention according to claim 11 is that in claim 9 or claim 10, a binos passage that bypasses the heat exchanger is provided in at least one of the hot water circulation circuit and the heat medium circulation circuit. It is provided.
- the structural feature of the invention according to claim 12 is that in any one of claims 1 to 11, the temperature of the stored hot water flowing out from the outlet force of the hot water tank provided on the hot water circulating circuit.
- a hot water tank outlet temperature detecting means for detecting the hot water tank, a hot water tank outlet temperature detected by the hot water tank outlet temperature detecting means, and a correlation between the hot water tank outlet temperature and the power generation output limit value of the fuel cell.
- a first power generation output limit value deriving unit for deriving a power generation output limit value based on a map or an arithmetic expression, and the first power generation output limit value deriving unit The first power generation control means for controlling the power generation output of the fuel cell based on the power generation output limit value is provided.
- the structural feature of the invention according to claim 13 is that in claim 12, the first power generation control means includes a user load power detection means for detecting user load power, and the user load power detection means.
- the power generation output deriving means for deriving the power generation output of the fuel cell according to the detected user load power and the power generation output limit value derived by the first power generation output limit value deriving means were derived by the power generation output deriving means. If the determination means determines whether the power is greater than or equal to the power generation output, and the determination means determines that the power generation output limit value is less than the power generation output, the power generation output of the fuel cell is limited to the power generation output limit value. And a limiting control means for controlling the system.
- the structural feature of the invention according to claim 14 is that, in claim 12 or claim 13, the first heat medium circulation circuit in which the first heat medium recovered from the exhaust heat of the fuel cell circulates is modified.
- the second heat medium circuit that circulates the second heat medium that recovered the exhaust heat from the heat exchanger, the first heat exchange ⁇ where the heat is exchanged between the hot water and the first heat medium, and the hot water
- a second heat exchanger that exchanges heat between the second heat medium and a cooling means that is provided in the second heat medium circulation circuit and cools the second heat medium.
- the calculation formula is based on the second map or calculation formula showing the correlation of the required cooling capacity of the fuel cell system with the power generation output of the fuel cell for each temperature of the hot water, and the cooling capacity of the cooling means. It is created by deriving the power generation output of the fuel cell corresponding to the cooling capacity of the cooling means at each temperature of the hot water. Is Rukoto.
- the structural feature of the invention according to claim 15 is that, in claim 14, the cooling capacity of the cooling means is relative to the power output of the fuel cell at the maximum temperature of the hot water stored in the second map or the arithmetic expression. Based on the correlation of the required cooling capacity of the fuel cell system, the required cooling capacity of the fuel cell system corresponds to the minimum power output of the fuel cell when the hot water tank is full.
- the structural feature of the invention according to claim 16 is related to the temperature of the fuel gas flowing into the inlet of the fuel cell or the temperature of the fuel gas according to any one of claims 1 to 11.
- Fuel gas fuel cell inlet temperature detecting means for detecting the temperature of the fuel, and the fuel
- a second power generation output limit value deriving means for comparing the temperature detected by the gas fuel cell inlet temperature detection means with a predetermined temperature and deriving the power generation output limit value of the fuel cell based on the comparison result;
- a second power generation control means for controlling the power generation output of the fuel cell based on the power generation output limit value derived by the power generation output limit value deriving means.
- the structural feature of the invention according to claim 17 is that, in claim 16, the second power generation output limit value deriving means is configured such that when the temperature is higher than a predetermined temperature, the previous power generation output limit value By subtracting a fixed amount, the current power output limit value is calculated.If the temperature is lower than the specified temperature, the current power output limit value is calculated by adding a predetermined amount to the previous power output limit value. is there.
- the structural feature of the invention according to claim 18 is that, in claim 16 or claim 17, the second power generation control means includes user load power detection means for detecting user load power, and user load power.
- the power generation output deriving means for deriving the power generation output of the fuel cell according to the user load power detected by the detection means and the power generation output limit value derived by the second power generation output limit value deriving means are derived by the power generation output deriving means.
- the heat medium circulation circuit includes the exhaust heat of the off-gas discharged from the fuel cell cartridge and the exhaust heat generated in the reformer.
- the heat medium that collects the exhaust heat generated by the power generation of the fuel cell circulates at least, and is provided independently of the hot water circulation circuit and between the hot water and the heat medium via heat exchange. Heat exchange takes place between them. That is, the hot water does not directly exchange heat with the anode off gas, power sword off gas, combustion exhaust gas, and fuel gas (reformed gas), but indirectly exchanges heat through heat exchange.
- a fluid is supplied to at least one of the hot water circulation circuit and the heat medium circulation circuit. Since the cooling means is provided for cooling, when the temperature of the hot water reaches the temperature required by the fuel cell, or when the temperature reaches the required temperature by the heat medium that recovers the exhaust heat from the reformer, s In order to recover the exhaust heat and not raise the temperature further, the temperature of the hot water or Z and the heat medium can be efficiently cooled by the cooling means.
- At least one of the hot water circulation circuit and the heat medium circulation circuit is provided.
- circulating at least one of the hot water and the heat medium to the heat exchanger makes it possible to accurately exchange heat according to the temperature of the hot water.
- Heat exchange can be carried out at ⁇ .
- the first heat medium circulation circuit includes an exhaust generated by power generation of the fuel cell.
- the first heat medium that recovered heat circulates and is provided independently of the hot water circulation circuit, and heat exchange is performed between the hot water and the first heat medium via the first heat exchanger. Is called.
- the second heat medium circulation circuit is a circuit in which the second heat medium that recovers at least any of the exhaust heat of off-gas discharged from the fuel cell camera and the exhaust heat generated in the reformer circulates. In addition to being provided independently of the hot water circulation circuit, heat is exchanged between the hot water and the second heat medium via the second heat exchange.
- the hot water does not exchange heat directly with the anode off-gas, power sword off-gas, combustion exhaust gas, and fuel gas (reformed gas), but indirectly with the second heat exchange.
- the hot water tank is a sealed type in which tap water is directly replenished, high pressure tap water pressure is applied to the hot water tank and hot water circulation circuit, but the second heat medium circulation circuit is independent of the hot water circulation circuit. Therefore, since the tap water pressure is not directly generated in the heat exchanger arranged on the second heat medium circuit, the heat exchanger does not have an excessive pressure-resistant structure. Therefore, it is possible to provide a fuel cell system that can replenish hot water from a high-pressure water source that does not cause an increase in cost and size.
- the reformer and the fuel cell are circulated on the second heat medium circulation circuit.
- a condenser that recovers the amount of heat from a high-temperature and vapor-containing gas and condenses the gas is provided, and the second heat medium is a condensed refrigerant that circulates through the condenser. Therefore, the temperature of the second heat medium can be reliably increased with a simple configuration without the need for conversion.
- At least one of the hot water circulating circuit and the first and second heat medium circulating circuits Since it has cooling means to cool the fluid, when the temperature of the hot water reaches the temperature required by the fuel cell, or when the temperature reaches the required temperature by the heat medium that recovered the exhaust heat from the reformer, In order to prevent the water from recovering the exhaust heat and raising the temperature further, the temperature of the hot water or Z and the first and second heating media can be efficiently cooled by the cooling means.
- the hot water circulation circuit and the first heat medium circulation circuit are provided. Since at least one of them has a bypass path that bypasses the first heat exchange, at least one of the hot water and the first heat medium is circulated to the first heat exchange ⁇ . Heat exchange can be carried out accurately in the first heat exchanger ⁇ according to the temperature of the hot water.
- the heat medium circulation circuit reduces exhaust heat generated by power generation of the fuel cell. Even if it is a single circulation circuit in which the heat medium that collects and recovers at least one of the exhaust heat of the off-gas discharged from the fuel cell cartridge and the exhaust heat generated by the reformer circulates, And heat exchange between the hot water and the heat medium through heat exchange. Is called. That is, the hot water does not exchange heat directly with anode off-gas, power sword off-gas, combustion exhaust gas, and fuel gas (reformed gas), but indirectly exchanges heat through heat exchange. .
- the hot water tank is a sealed type in which tap water is directly replenished
- high-pressure tap water pressure is applied to the hot water tank and hot water circulation circuit, but the heat medium circulation circuit is also independent of the hot water circulation circuit force.
- the tap water pressure is not directly applied to heat exchange for heat exchange with anode off gas, power sword off gas, combustion exhaust gas, and fuel gas (reformed gas) disposed on the heat medium circuit. Since heat exchange does not require an excessive pressure-resistant structure, it is possible to provide a fuel cell system that can replenish high-pressure water-source hot water storage that is costly and does not increase in size.
- the fluid is cooled in at least one of the hot water circulation circuit and the heat medium circulation circuit. Since the cooling means is provided, when the temperature of the hot water reaches the temperature required by the fuel cell, or when the temperature reaches the required temperature by the heat medium that recovers the exhaust heat from the reformer, the hot water stores the exhaust heat. The temperature of the hot water or Z and the heat medium can be efficiently cooled by the cooling means in order to recover and prevent further temperature rise.
- heat exchange is bypassed to at least one of the hot water circulation circuit and the heat medium circulation circuit. Since a bypass is provided, heat exchange can be carried out accurately by heat exchange according to the temperature of the hot water by distributing at least one of the hot water and the heat medium to the heat exchanger. Can do.
- the first power generation output limit value deriving means includes a hot water tank outlet temperature detected by the hot water tank outlet temperature detecting means, and the hot water tank outlet temperature.
- the power generation output limit value is derived based on the first map or calculation formula showing the correlation with the power generation output limit value of the fuel cell
- the first power generation control means is derived by the first power generation output limit value deriving means.
- the power generation output of the fuel cell is controlled based on the generated power output limit value.
- the power generation output of the fuel cell is limited according to the hot water tank outlet temperature Therefore, it is possible to efficiently operate the fuel cell system by suppressing heat generation from the fuel cell as much as possible, maintaining a balance between power generation output and exhaust heat utilization, and avoiding the excess heat state as much as possible.
- the power generation output deriving means corresponds to the user load power detected by the user load power detection means.
- the determination means determines whether the power generation output limit value derived by the first power generation output limit value deriving means is greater than or equal to the power generation output derived by the power generation output deriving means.
- the control means controls to limit the power generation output of the fuel cell to the power generation output limit value.
- the first map or the arithmetic expression represents the correlation between the required cooling capacity of the fuel cell system and the power generation output of the fuel cell for each temperature of the hot water.
- the power generation output limit value is derived based on the hot water tank outlet temperature and the cooling capacity of the cooling means, the power generation output of the fuel cell is determined in consideration of the cooling capacity of the cooling means.
- the fuel cell system can be operated efficiently by maintaining a better balance between electricity output and waste heat utilization and avoiding excess heat as much as possible.
- the second power generation output limit value deriving means is the fuel gas fuel cell inlet temperature detected by the fuel gas fuel cell inlet temperature detecting means or the fuel gas fuel cell inlet temperature.
- the temperature of the gas that correlates with the temperature of the gas is compared with a predetermined temperature, and the power generation output limit value of the fuel cell is derived based on the comparison result, and the second power generation control means uses the second power generation output limit value deriving means.
- the power generation output of the fuel cell is controlled based on the derived power generation output limit value.
- the hot water stored in the fuel cell and the reformer generated by the power generation is recovered and the hot water is heated, but the hot water tank is filled with temperature.
- the power generation output of the fuel cell is limited depending on the temperature of the fuel gas fuel cell inlet or the temperature of the fuel gas, so that the heat generated by the fuel cell is suppressed as much as possible to reduce the power generation output and exhaust heat. It is possible to efficiently operate the fuel cell system while maintaining the balance of use and avoiding excessive heat as much as possible.
- the power generation output deriving means is a fuel cell according to the user load power detected by the user load power detection means.
- the determination means determines whether the power generation output limit value derived by the second power generation output limit value deriving means is greater than or equal to the power generation output derived by the power generation output deriving means.
- the control means controls to limit the power generation output of the fuel cell to the power generation output limit value.
- FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram showing an overview of a first embodiment of a fuel cell system according to the present invention.
- FIG. 4 is a second map showing the correlation between the required cooling capacity of the fuel cell system and the power generation output of the fuel cell for each temperature of the hot water.
- FIG. 5 is a flowchart of a control program of a first control example executed by the control device shown in FIG.
- FIG. 6 is a time chart showing the operation of the first control example of the fuel cell system according to the present invention.
- FIG. 7 is a flowchart of a control program of a second control example executed by the control device shown in FIG.
- FIG. 8 is a flowchart of the subroutine of the control program of the second control example executed by the control device shown in FIG.
- FIG. 9 is a time chart showing the operation of the second control example of the fuel cell system according to the present invention.
- Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram showing the outline of this fuel cell system.
- the fuel cell system includes a fuel cell 10 and a reformer 20 that generates a reformed gas (fuel gas) containing hydrogen gas necessary for the fuel cell 10.
- the fuel cell 10 includes a fuel electrode 11, an air electrode 12 that is an oxidant electrode, and an electrolyte 13 interposed between the electrodes 11 and 12, and the reformed gas and air electrode supplied to the fuel electrode 11. Electricity is generated using air (forced sword air), which is the oxidant gas supplied to Fig. 12.
- the air electrode 12 of the fuel cell 10 is connected to a supply pipe 61 for supplying air and a discharge pipe 62 for discharging the power sword-off gas. In the middle of the supply pipe 61 and the discharge pipe 62, A humidifier 14 is provided to humidify the air.
- the humidifier 14 is a water vapor exchange type, and dehumidifies the water vapor in the gas discharged from the discharge pipe 62, that is, from the air electrode 12, and supplies the water vapor into the supply pipe 61, that is, the air supplied to the air electrode 12. Then it is humidified. Instead of air, supply air-enriched gas.
- the reformer 20 steam-reforms the fuel and supplies the hydrogen-rich reformed gas to the fuel cell 10.
- the fuel includes natural gas, LPG, kerosene, gasoline, methanol, and the like, and in this embodiment, natural gas will be described.
- the burner 21 is supplied with combustion fuel and combustion air from the outside at the time of start-up, or anode off-gas (supplied to the fuel cell and discharged without being used) from the anode 11 of the fuel cell 10 during steady operation.
- the reformed gas is supplied, and the supplied gas is combusted and the combustion gas is led out to the reforming section 22.
- This combustion gas heats the reforming section 22 (so as to be within the catalyst activation temperature range of the reforming section 22), and then passes through the combustion gas condenser 34 to Water vapor contained in the combustion gas is condensed and exhausted to the outside.
- the combustion fuel and the combustion air are supplied to the burner 21 by the combustion fuel pump P1 and the combustion air pump P2 which are the combustion fuel supply means and the combustion air supply means, respectively. Both pumps PI and P2 are controlled by the controller 90 so that the flow rate (delivery amount) is controlled.
- the reforming unit 22 reforms a mixed gas obtained by mixing the fuel supplied from the outside with the water vapor (reformed water) from the evaporator 25 by the catalyst charged in the reforming unit 22, and generates hydrogen gas. Monoxide carbon gas is produced (so-called steam reforming reaction). At the same time, the carbon monoxide and steam produced by the steam reforming reaction are transformed into hydrogen gas and carbon dioxide (so-called carbon monoxide shift reaction). These generated gases (so-called reformed gas) are led to the CO shift unit 23.
- the fuel is supplied to the reforming section 22 by a fuel pump P3 which is a fuel supply means. This pump P3 is controlled by the control device 90 and its flow rate (delivery amount) is controlled! /.
- the CO shift unit 23 is converted into hydrogen gas and diacid carbon gas by reacting the carbon monoxide and water vapor contained in the reformed gas with a catalyst filled therein. . As a result, the reformed gas is led to the CO selective oxidation unit 24 with the carbon monoxide concentration reduced.
- the CO selective oxide section 24 is a catalyst in which the inside of the reformed gas is filled with carbon monoxide remaining in the reformed gas and CO oxidation air (air) supplied from the outside. To produce carbon dioxide. As a result, the reformed gas is further reduced in the concentration of carbon monoxide and carbon.
- the CO oxidation air (air) is supplied to the CO selective oxidation unit 24 by a CO oxidation air pump P4 which is a CO oxidation air supply means.
- This pump P4 is controlled by the control device 90 and its flow rate (delivery amount) is controlled!
- the evaporator 25 is disposed in the middle of a reforming water supply pipe 68 having one end disposed in the water reservoir 50 and the other end connected to the reforming unit 22.
- the reforming water supply pipe 68 is provided with a reforming water pump 53.
- This pump 53 is controlled by a control device 90 and pumps recovered water used as reforming water in the water reservoir 50 to the evaporator 25.
- the evaporator 25 is heated by heat from the combustion gas discharged from the burner 21, the reforming unit 22, the CO shift unit 23, and the like.
- the reformed water fed under pressure is steamed.
- a condenser 30 is provided in the middle of a pipe 64 that connects the CO selective oxidation unit 24 of the reformer 20 and the fuel electrode 11 of the fuel cell 10.
- the condenser 30 (although separated in the drawing) is composed of a reformed gas condenser 31, an anode offgas condenser 32, a force sword offgas condenser 3 3 and a combustion gas condenser 34. It is a connected unitary structure.
- the reformed gas condenser 31 condenses water vapor in the reformed gas supplied to the fuel electrode 11 of the fuel cell 10 flowing in the pipe 64.
- the anode off-gas condenser 32 is provided in the middle of a pipe 65 that communicates the fuel electrode 10 of the fuel cell 10 and the transformer 21 of the reformer 20, and the fuel electrode 10 of the fuel cell 10 that flows in the pipe 65. Water vapor in the anode off-gas discharged from is condensed.
- the power sword-off gas condenser 33 is provided downstream of the humidifier 14 in the discharge pipe 62, and condenses water vapor in the power sword-off gas discharged from the air electrode 12 of the fuel cell 10 flowing in the discharge pipe 62. To do.
- the combustion gas condenser 34 is provided downstream of the burner 21 and collects latent heat obtained by condensing water vapor together with sensible heat of combustion exhaust gas.
- the condensers 31 to 34 described above communicate with the deionizer 40 via the pipe 66, and the condensed water condensed in each of the condensers 31 to 34 is led to the deionizer 40 and collected. It has come to be.
- the deionizer 40 converts the condensed water supplied from the condenser 30, that is, the recovered water into pure water by using a built-in ion exchange resin, and leads the purified water to the reservoir 50. .
- the water reservoir 50 temporarily stores the recovered water derived from the pure water device 40 as reformed water.
- a pipe for introducing make-up water (tap water) supplied from a tap water supply source (for example, a water pipe) is connected to the water purifier 40, and the amount of water stored in the water purifier 40 is below the lower limit water level. And tap water is being supplied.
- the fuel cell system is a hot water tank 71 for storing hot water, a hot water circulation circuit 72 for circulating the hot water, and a first heat medium that recovers exhaust heat generated by the power generation of the fuel cell 10.
- the FC cooling water circulation circuit 73 which is the first heat medium circulation circuit through which the FC cooling water circulates, the first heat exchange in which heat is exchanged between the hot water storage and the FC cooling water, and the fuel cell 10 is discharged.
- Condensation that is a second heat medium circulation circuit in which condensed refrigerant (condenser heat medium) that is a second heat medium that collects at least one of the exhaust heat of off-gas and the exhaust heat generated in the reformer 20 is circulated.
- the refrigerant circulation circuit 75 and the second heat exchange 76 in which heat is exchanged between the hot water and the condensed refrigerant. Is provided.
- the exhaust heat (thermal energy) generated in the fuel cell 10 is recovered to the FC cooling water, and then recovered to the hot water via the first heat exchanger 74.
- the hot water is heated (temperature rise).
- the exhaust heat (thermal energy) generated in the reformer 20 is recovered to the condensed refrigerant via the condenser 30 and recovered to the hot water via the second heat exchanger 76.
- the hot water is stored. Is heated (heated up).
- FC is described as an abbreviation for “fuel cell”.
- the hot water storage tank 71 is provided with one columnar container, and the hot water is stratified therein, that is, the temperature of the upper part is the highest and the temperature is lower as it goes to the lower part, and the temperature of the lower part is the lowest. So that it is stored.
- the lower part of the columnar container of the hot water tank 71 is replenished with water (cold water) such as tap water, and the hot hot water stored in the hot water tank 71 is led out from the upper part of the columnar container of the hot water tank 71. It has become.
- the hot water tank 71 is a closed type, and the pressure of tap water is applied to the inside as it is, and consequently to the hot water circulation circuit 72.
- hot water storage circuit 72 One end and the other end of the hot water storage circuit 72 are connected to the lower and upper portions of the hot water tank 71.
- hot water circulating pump P5 On the hot water circulating circuit 72, hot water circulating pump P5, the fourth temperature sensor 72a, the second heat exchanger 76, the fifth temperature sensor 72b, the first heat exchanger 74, which is a hot water circulating means in order, one end force on the other end of the hot water circulating circuit 72
- a sixth temperature sensor 72c is provided.
- the hot water circulating pump P5 sucks hot water in the lower part of the hot water tank 71, passes it through the hot water circulating circuit 72 and discharges it to the upper part of the hot water tank 71, and is controlled by the controller 90 to control its flow rate (delivery amount). ) Is controlled.
- the fourth to sixth temperature sensors 72a to 72c respectively calculate the outlet temperature of the hot water storage tank 71, the inlet temperature of the first heat exchanger 74 of hot water, and the outlet temperature of the first heat exchanger 74 of hot water. These are detected, and the detection results are output to the control device 90.
- the hot water storage circuit 72 is provided with a bypass path 81 that bypasses the second heat exchange 76.
- the bypass passage 81 is provided with a first valve 82 for opening and closing the bypass passage 81 according to a command from the control device 90.
- a hot water circulation circuit 72 between the branching source of the no-pass path 81 and the second heat exchange 76 is provided with a second valve 83 for controlling the hot water circulation circuit 72 to open and close according to a command from the controller 90. Close and open first and second valves 82, 83 In this state, the hot water is circulated through the second heat exchanger 76, and in the open and closed state, the hot water is circulated through the bypass 81 without passing through the second heat exchange 76. As a result, the hot water flow path can be selected from the second heat exchange 76 and the bypass 81.
- FC cooling water circulation pump P6 which is an FC cooling water circulation means, is disposed on the FC cooling water circulation circuit 73.
- This FC cooling water circulation pump P6 is controlled by the control device 90 and its flow rate (delivery) Amount) is controlled.
- first and second temperature sensors 73a and 73b are disposed on the FC cooling water circulation circuit 73, and the first and second temperature sensors 73a and 73b are respectively connected to the fuel cell 10 of the FC cooling water. The inlet temperature and the outlet temperature are detected, and the detection results are output to the control device 90.
- a first heat exchange 74 is disposed on the FC cooling water circulation circuit 73.
- a condensed refrigerant circulation pump P7 which is a condensed refrigerant circulation means, is disposed on the condensed refrigerant circulation circuit 75, and this condensed refrigerant circulation pump P7 is controlled by the control device 90 and its flow rate (delivery amount). ) Is controlled. Further, on the condensing refrigerant circulation circuit 75, an anode off-gas condenser 32, a combustion gas condenser 34, a power soda gas condenser 33, and a reformed gas condenser 31 are arranged in order from the upstream side. ing.
- a third temperature sensor 75a is disposed on the condensed refrigerant circulation circuit 75, and the third temperature sensor 75a detects the outlet temperature of the condensed refrigerant reformed gas condenser 31, and the detection result. Is output to the control device 90.
- a second heat exchange 76 is disposed on the condensed refrigerant circulation circuit 75. Note that the arrangement of the condensers 31 to 34 is not limited to the order described above, and the condensers 31 to 34 are not limited to being arranged in series on one pipe, and a plurality of condensed refrigerant circulation circuits 75 are provided. You may make it branch and arrange
- a radiator 77 as a cooling means for cooling the condensed refrigerant is arranged immediately downstream of the second heat exchanger 76.
- the radiator 77 is ON / OFF controlled by a command from the control device 90, and cools the condensed refrigerant when in the on state and does not cool when in the off state.
- the cooling capacity of the radiator 77 is the fuel power with respect to the power generation output of the fuel cell 10 at the maximum temperature T of the hot water stored in the second map described later.
- the required cooling capacity HI of the fuel cell system corresponding to the minimum power generation output E1 of the fuel cell 10 when the hot water tank 71 is full of hot water in the graph or the calculation formula showing the correlation of the required cooling capacity of the pond system.
- the maximum temperature T of the hot water is the maximum temperature of the fuel cell 10.
- the radiator 77 may be arranged in at least one of the condensing refrigerant circulation circuit 75, the hot water circulation circuit 72, and the FC cooling water circulation circuit 73, which may be arranged in the hot water circulation circuit 72 or the FC cooling water circulation circuit 73. You can do it. According to this, when the temperature of the hot water reaches the temperature required by the fuel cell, or when the temperature reaches the required temperature by the condensed refrigerant that collects the exhaust heat of the reformer 20, the hot water stores the heat. Therefore, the temperature of the hot water or Z and the first and second heat mediums can be efficiently cooled by the radiator 77 which is a cooling means.
- the condensed refrigerant circulation circuit 75 is provided with a bypass path 84 that bypasses the second heat exchange 76.
- the bypass path 84 is provided with a third valve 85 that controls opening and closing of the bypass path 84 according to a command from the control device 90.
- a condensing refrigerant circulation circuit 75 between the branching source of the bypass passage 84 and the second heat exchanger 76 is provided with a fourth valve 86 that controls opening and closing of the condensing refrigerant circulation circuit 75 according to a command from the controller 90. .
- the condensed refrigerant flows through the second heat exchanger 76, and when opened and closed, the condensed refrigerant does not flow through the second heat exchanger 76. Circulates on Binos Road 84. Thereby, the flow path of the condensed refrigerant can be selected from the second heat exchange 76 and the bypass path 84, and the condensed refrigerant and the stored hot water flow through the second heat exchanger 76 in combination with the selection of the flow path of the stored hot water described above.
- bypass passages 84 and 81 are circulated, and a case where the condensed refrigerant and the hot water are circulated through the second heat exchange 76 and the binos passage 84 (or 81), respectively.
- One of the bypass paths 81 and 84 may be provided.
- the fuel cell system includes an inverter (power conversion) 45.
- the inverter 45 converts the power generation output of the fuel cell 10 into AC power and supplies it to a power usage place 47 that is a user destination via a transmission line 46.
- Electricity use place 47 is equipped with a load device (not shown) which is an electric device such as an electric lamp, iron, television, washing machine, electric kotatsu, electric carpet, air conditioner, refrigerator, etc. Exchange Electric power is supplied to the load device as needed.
- the power line 46 connecting the inverter 45 and the power usage site 47 is also connected to the grid power supply 48 of the power company (system grid), and the total power consumption of the load device is calculated from the power generation output of the fuel cell 10.
- the wattmeter 47a is a user load power detection means for detecting user load power (user power consumption), detects the total power consumption of all the load devices used at the power usage location 47, and transmits it to the control device 90. It is designed to be used.
- the inverter 45 steps down or boosts the power generation output, and the DC power is ignited by the pumps P1 to P7, 53, the valves (not shown), and the burner 21 that are constituent members of the fuel cell system. Such electrical parts are supplied to so-called auxiliary machines. Further, the inverter 45 is disposed in the condensed refrigerant circulation circuit 75, and the inverter 45 is cooled by the condensed refrigerant.
- the temperature sensors 73a, 73b, 75a, 72a, 72b, 72c, 64a, the pumps PI to P7, 53, and the wattmeter 47a are connected to the control device 90 (see FIG. 2).
- the control device 90 includes a microcomputer (not shown), and the microcomputer includes an input / output interface, a CPU, a RAM, and a ROM (all not shown) connected to each other via a nose. Yes.
- the CPU executes a program corresponding to the flowchart of FIG. 5 or FIG. 7 and FIG. 8 to detect any temperature and wattmeter 47a detected by each temperature sensor 73a, 73b, 75a, 72a, 72b, 72c, 64a.
- the power generation output of the fuel cell 10 is controlled based on the user load power detected by.
- the RAM temporarily stores variables necessary for executing the program, and the ROM stores the program.
- a storage device 91 is connected to the control device 90, and this storage device 91 stores the first map or the arithmetic expression shown in FIG.
- This first map or equation is calculated as follows: hot water tank outlet temperature T4 detected by the fourth temperature sensor 72a, which is a hot water tank outlet temperature detecting means, and the hot water tank outlet temperature T4 and the power generation output limit value EL of the fuel cell 10. This shows the correlation between the two. As is apparent from this first map or the calculation formula force, the hot water tank outlet temperature T4 and the power generation output limit value EL of the fuel cell 10 are in an inversely proportional relationship.
- This first map or calculation formula is related to the power generation output of the fuel cell 10 for each temperature of the hot water.
- the fuel cell corresponding to the cooling capacity of the radiator 77 at each temperature of the stored hot water based on the second map or calculation formula showing the correlation of the required cooling capacity of the fuel cell system and the cooling capacity of the radiator 77 It can be created by deriving the power generation output.
- the cooling capacity of the radiator 77 is the power generation max of the fuel cell 10 at the maximum temperature T of the hot water storage water.
- the power generation output of the fuel cell 10 corresponding to is derived as the FC power generation output limit value EL.
- the FC power generation output limit value EL is E1 and max as described above.
- FC generation output limit EL is E3, and if it is T, FC generation output limit max— 3
- the value EL is E4, and if it is T, the FC power generation output limit value EL is E. Max— 4 max
- the specified temperature range is the maximum temperature of the hot water tank T and the FC power generation output limit EL is the fuel max.
- the efficiency can be further improved by performing the Z calculation with the maps of FIGS. 3 and 4 depending on the outside air temperature.
- the capacity of the Rajta 77 it is performed under the most severe conditions of the outdoor temperature in summer.
- control for optimizing heat recovery efficiency in the fuel cell system described above will be described.
- the flow rate of the hot water circulating pump P5 is controlled so that the FC cooling water FC inlet temperature T1 becomes the optimum operating temperature of the fuel cell.
- the FC cooling water circulation pump P6 controls the flow rate so that the temperature difference ⁇ T between the FC cooling water FC inlet temperature T1 and the FC cooling water FC outlet temperature T2 becomes the target temperature difference ⁇ * (for example, 3 to 5 ° C).
- the target temperature difference ⁇ * is set so that the water vapor in the reformed gas channel or the air channel of the fuel cell 10 can be maintained under the optimum humidification condition.
- the flow rate of the condensed refrigerant circulation pump P7 is controlled so that the condensed off-gas (AOG) condenser outlet temperature T3 becomes a target temperature T3 * (for example, 50 to 60 ° C.).
- the target temperature T3 * is set higher.
- the target temperature T3 * is set to a temperature at which the recovery efficiency of condensation recovery heat quantity is as good as possible within the range where flooding does not occur.
- step 102 the controller 90 detects the hot water storage hot water tank outlet temperature (hot water tank outlet temperature) T4 by the fourth temperature sensor 72a.
- step 104 a hot water tank outlet temperature T4 detected in step 102 and a first map or an arithmetic expression showing a correlation between the hot water tank outlet temperature T4 and the power generation output limit value EL of the fuel cell 10 Based on this, the power generation output limit value EL is derived (first power generation output limit value deriving means).
- controller 90 controls the power generation output of fuel cell 10 based on power generation output limit value EL derived by the first power generation output limit value deriving means (first power generation control). means). More specifically, in step 106, the user uses the wattmeter 47a. The load power is detected (user load power detection means). In step 108, the power generation output EU of the fuel cell corresponding to the user load power detected in step 106 is derived based on a map or arithmetic expression indicating the correlation between the user load power and the power generation output (derivation of power generation output). means).
- step 110 it is determined whether or not the power generation output limit value EL derived in step 104 is greater than or equal to the power generation output EU derived in step 108 (determination means). If it is determined in step 112 that the power generation output limit value EL is greater than or equal to the power generation output EU, the power generation output of the fuel cell 10 is controlled to follow the user load power (following control means). If it is determined in step 114 that the power generation output limit value EL is less than the power generation output EU, control is performed to limit the power generation output of the fuel cell 10 to the power generation output limit value EL (limit control means). ).
- the fuel supply amount, the reforming water supply amount, the combustion fuel supply amount, the combustion are set so that the power generation output of the fuel cell 10 is considered in consideration of the combustion efficiency and the like.
- the air supply amount for CO and the air supply amount for CO oxidation are derived, and the fuel pump P3, the reforming water pump 53, the combustion fuel pump Pl, the combustion air pump P2 and the CO acid are used so that these derived supply amounts are obtained.
- the flow rate of the pump P4 is controlled by the controller 90.
- the first power generation output limit value deriving means has the hot water tank outlet temperature T4 detected by the fourth temperature sensor 72a, the hot water tank outlet temperature T4, and the fuel cell.
- the power generation output limit value EL is derived based on the first map or calculation formula showing the correlation with the 10 power generation output limit values EL, and the first power generation control means is derived by the first power generation output limit value deriving means.
- the power generation output of the fuel cell 10 based on the generated power output limit EL Control.
- the power generation output of the fuel cell 10 is limited according to the hot water tank outlet temperature T4, so heat generation from the fuel cell 10 is suppressed as much as possible to maintain the power generation output and waste heat utilization. Therefore, it is possible to efficiently operate the fuel cell system while avoiding excess heat as much as possible.
- step 108 the power generation output EU of the fuel cell corresponding to the user load power detected in step 106 is derived, and in step 110, in step 104. It is determined whether or not the derived power generation output limit value EL is greater than or equal to the power generation output EU derived in step 108.In step 112, in step 110, the power generation output limit value EL is greater than or equal to the power generation output EU. If it is determined, the power generation output of the fuel cell 10 is controlled to follow the user load power, and in step 114, the power generation output limit value EL is determined to be less than the power generation output EU in step 110. If so, control is performed to limit the power generation output of the fuel cell 10 to the power generation output limit value. This makes it possible to stably and reliably operate the fuel cell system easily and reliably based on the power generation output EU of the fuel cell corresponding to the user load power detected by the user load power detection means and the power generation output limit value EL. it can.
- the first map or the arithmetic expression includes the second map or the arithmetic expression indicating the correlation of the required cooling capacity of the fuel cell system with respect to the power generation output of the fuel cell for each temperature of the hot water, and the reforming
- the temperature of the hot water is determined based on the cooling capacity of the radiator 77 installed in the second heat medium circulation circuit 75 where the second heat medium that recovered the exhaust heat from the heat exchanger 20 circulates and cools the second heat medium.
- the power generation output of the fuel cell equivalent to the cooling capacity of the radiator 77 is derived from the above.
- the power generation output limit value EL is derived based on the hot water tank outlet temperature T4 and the cooling capacity of the radiator 77, the power generation output of the fuel cell is determined in consideration of the cooling capacity of the radiator 77.
- the fuel cell system can be operated efficiently while maintaining a good balance of waste heat utilization and avoiding excess heat as much as possible.
- the cooling capacity of the radiator 77 is the fuel cell output at the maximum temperature T of the hot water storage. Necessity of the fuel cell system corresponding to the minimum power output of the fuel cell when the hot water in the hot water tank 71 is full in the second map or calculation formula showing the correlation of the required cooling capacity of the fuel cell system with the electric power output Since it is a cooling capacity, it is possible to use the radiator 77 with a low cooling capacity, so that the radiator 77 can be made compact, and the compactness of the entire fuel cell system can be achieved.
- step 202 the control device 90 detects the temperature (fuel gas FC inlet temperature) T7 of the fuel gas flowing into the fuel electrode inlet of the fuel cell 10 by the seventh temperature sensor 64a.
- the temperature of the fuel gas FC inlet temperature T7 instead of the fuel gas temperature T7, for example, the temperature of the condensed refrigerant reformed gas condenser 31 outlet temperature (condensed refrigerant reformed gas condenser outlet temperature) T3 May be detected by the third temperature sensor 75a. Then, use the detected value to execute the subsequent processing.
- step 204 the fuel gas FC inlet temperature T7 detected in step 202 is compared with the predetermined temperature Ta, and the power generation output control of the fuel cell 10 is controlled based on the comparison result.
- the limit value EL is derived (second power generation output limit value deriving means).
- the control device 90 executes a subroutine shown in FIG. That is, if the temperature T7 detected in step 202 is greater than the predetermined temperature Ta, the control device 90 subtracts a predetermined amount ⁇ from the previous power generation output limit value EL and subtracts the current power output limit value EL.
- steps 302 and 304 is calculated (steps 302 and 304), and if it is the same as the predetermined temperature Ta, the previous power generation output limit value EL is calculated as the current power generation output limit value EL (steps 302 and 306).
- the current power generation output limit value E L + ⁇ is calculated by adding a predetermined amount ⁇ to the previous power generation output limit value EL (steps 302 and 308).
- the program proceeds to step 310 to finish the subroutine processing, and proceeds to step 206 and subsequent steps.
- the fuel gas FC inlet temperature T7 detected in step 302 is compared with the predetermined temperature Ta. However, the fuel gas FC inlet temperature T7 may be compared with a predetermined temperature range (dead zone).
- the predetermined temperature Ta is regulated to a temperature that does not cause the fuel electrode 11 of the fuel cell 10 to be flooded. Therefore, the flooding reliably prevents the power generation and stoppage of the fuel cell by the fuel cell system. Can be operated stably.
- the control device 90 controls the power generation output of the fuel cell 10 based on the power generation output limit value EL derived by the second power generation output limit value deriving means (second power generation control). means). Specifically, in step 206, the user load power is detected by the wattmeter 47a (user load power detection means). In step 208, the power generation output EU of the fuel cell corresponding to the user load power detected in step 206 is derived based on a map or arithmetic expression indicating the correlation between the user load power and the power generation output (derivation of power generation output means).
- step 210 it is determined whether or not the power generation output limit value EL derived in step 204 is greater than or equal to the power generation output EU derived in step 208 (determination means). If it is determined in step 212 that the power generation output limit value EL is greater than or equal to the power generation output EU, the power generation output of the fuel cell 10 is controlled to follow the user load power (following control means). If it is determined in step 214 that the power generation output limit value EL is less than the power generation output EU, control is performed to limit the power generation output of the fuel cell 10 to the power generation output limit value EL (limit control means). ).
- control device 90 advances the program to step 218 after waiting for a predetermined time TMa to elapse in step 216 while performing follow-up control or limit control, and ends.
- TMa a predetermined time
- the second heat exchanger 76 when the hot water tank outlet temperature T4 rises as shown in the upper part of FIG. 9 due to the thermal energy accompanying the power generation of the fuel cell 10 as requested by the user, the second heat exchanger 76 The condensed refrigerant cannot be cooled, and the condensed refrigerant temperature rises. Along with this, the reformed gas FC inlet temperature T7 also starts to rise (time t21). It is assumed that the reformed gas FC inlet temperature T7 up to time t21 is maintained at a predetermined temperature Ta. In addition, until time t21, the power generation output of the fuel cell 10 is not limited, and it is possible to generate power up to the maximum power generation output.
- the power generation output limit value is gradually increased to EU / J, becoming smaller (steps 202, 204, 302, 304, 310, 206 to 218).
- the power generation output limit value EL is compared with the power generation output EU of the fuel cell according to the user load power to determine whether to follow control or limit control, and the control is executed.
- the follow-up control is also performed within the range where the power generation output limit value EL gradually decreases, the power generation output (maximum power generation output value) of the fuel cell 10 is suppressed in any case, and the heat generation from the fuel cell 10 is suppressed. If the load on the radiator 77 is reduced and the cooling capacity is sufficient, the condensed refrigerant can be cooled. As a result, the reformed gas FC inlet temperature T7 can be reduced.
- the reformed gas FC inlet temperature T7 reaches the predetermined temperature Ta at t25.
- power generation output EU based on user load changes as shown in the middle of Fig. 9 at time t21 to t25
- power generation output limit value EL is generated at time t21 to t22 and time t23 to t24. Since it is less than the EU, the power generation output is limited to the power generation output limit value EL, and the power generation output limit value EL is greater than or equal to the power generation output EU in other time zones.
- follow-up control is performed to follow (lower part of Fig. 9)
- the power generation output limit value EL gradually increases (steps 202, 204, 302, 308, 310, 206 to 218).
- the power generation output ⁇ U limit value EL is compared with the power generation output EU of the fuel cell in accordance with the user load power, and it is determined whether to perform follow-up control or limit control, and the control is executed.
- the tracking control is also executed within the range where the power generation output limit EL gradually increases, the power generation output (maximum power generation output value) of the fuel cell 10 is increased anyway, and the heat generation from the fuel cell 10 increases. Then, the temperature of the condensed refrigerant can be raised, and thus the reformed gas FC inlet temperature T7 can be raised.
- the reformed gas FC inlet temperature T7 reaches the predetermined temperature Ta at t31.
- Time t29 When the power generation output EU based on the user load changes as shown in the middle part of Fig. 9, the power generation output limit value EL is less than the power generation output EU from time t29 to t30. Is limited to the power generation output limit value EL, and the power generation output limit value EL is greater than or equal to the power generation output EU in other time zones, so the follow-up control follows the user load power without limiting the power generation output. (Lower part of Fig. 9).
- the second power generation output limit value deriving means correlates with the fuel gas fuel cell inlet temperature T7 detected by the seventh temperature sensor 64a or the temperature of this fuel gas.
- the power generation output limit value of the fuel cell is derived based on the comparison result, and the second power generation control means generates the power generation output derived by the second power generation output limit value deriving means.
- the power generation output of the fuel cell 10 is controlled based on the limit value EL.
- the power generation output of the fuel cell 10 is limited according to the temperature T3 of the fuel gas fuel cell inlet temperature T7 or the temperature of the fuel gas, but the heat generation from the fuel cell 10 is suppressed as much as possible. Therefore, it is possible to efficiently operate the fuel cell system while maintaining the balance between the power generation output and the use of exhaust heat and avoiding the excess heat state as much as possible.
- the second power generation output limit value deriving means determines that the fuel gas fuel cell inlet temperature T7 detected by the seventh temperature sensor 64a is higher than the predetermined temperature Ta from the previous power generation output limit value EL. Calculate the current power output limit value EL- ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ by subtracting the predetermined amount ⁇ ⁇ . If the temperature is lower than the predetermined temperature Ta, calculate the current power output limit value EL by the predetermined amount ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ Calculate the power generation output limit value EL + ⁇ ⁇ . As a result, the power generation output limit value EL can be calculated easily and accurately based on the fuel gas fuel cell inlet temperature T7 or the temperature correlated with the temperature of the fuel gas.
- step 208 the power generation output of the fuel cell corresponding to the user load power detected in step 206 is derived.
- step 210 the power generation output derived in step 204 is derived.
- Power generation output limit value EL force It is determined whether the power generation output derived in step 208 is greater than EU.
- step 212 in step 210 If it is determined that the power generation output limit value EL is greater than or equal to the power generation output EU, control is performed so that the power generation output of the fuel cell 10 follows the user load power. When it is determined that the limit value EL is less than the power generation output EU, control is performed to limit the power generation output of the fuel cell 10 to the power generation output limit value EL. This makes it possible to stably and reliably operate the fuel cell system easily and reliably based on the power generation output EU of the fuel cell corresponding to the user load power detected by the user load power detection means and the power generation output limit value EL. it can.
- Each process by the fuel gas fuel cell inlet temperature detecting means, the second power generation output limit value deriving means, and the second power generation control means is performed for a predetermined time set in consideration of the responsiveness of the fuel gas. Since it is repeatedly executed for each TMa, control processing can be executed at an appropriate time. In addition, the control process can be executed more precisely.
- the FC cooling water circulation circuit 73 that is the first heat medium circulation circuit is the first heat that collects the exhaust heat generated by the power generation of the fuel cell 10.
- FC cooling water which is the medium, circulates, and is installed independently of the hot water circulation circuit 72, and heat is exchanged between the hot water and the first heat medium via the first heat exchange.
- the condensing refrigerant circulation circuit 75 that is the second heat medium circulation circuit is a second heat medium that collects at least one of the exhaust heat of the off-gas discharged from the fuel cell 10 and the exhaust heat generated by the reformer 20.
- the condensed refrigerant is circulated, and is provided independently of the hot water circulation circuit 72, and heat exchange is performed between the hot water and the second heat medium via the second heat exchange. That is, the hot water is not directly heat exchanged with the anode off-gas, power sword off-gas, combustion exhaust gas, and reformed gas, but must be indirectly heat-exchanged through the second heat exchange 76. Become. Therefore, when the hot water tank 71 is a sealed type in which tap water is directly replenished, high pressure tap water pressure is applied to the hot water tank 71 and the hot water circulation circuit 72, but the second heat medium circulation circuit 75 is the hot water circulation.
- the hot water storage circuit 72 is independent of the second heat medium circuit 75, it can be prevented from being directly mixed into the hot water storage. Even if the reformed gas is mixed into the FC cooling water that is the first heat medium via the fuel cell 10, the hot water circulation circuit 72 is independent of the first heat medium circulation circuit 73. It can be prevented from mixing directly into the hot water storage.
- each condenser 31 that collects heat by recovering the amount of heat from the high-temperature vapor gas that flows through the reformer 20 and the fuel cell 10 31 is condensed. Since the second heat medium is a condensed refrigerant that flows through the condenser, the temperature of the second heat medium is reliably increased with a simple structure without increasing the size by effectively utilizing the conventional structure. be able to.
- the hot water storage circuit 72 and the second heat medium circulation circuit 75 are provided with bypass passages 81 and 84, respectively, for bypassing the second heat exchanger 76, and the flow path of the condensed refrigerant is used for the second heat exchange 76.
- the hot water flow path is selected from the second heat exchange 76 and the bypass path 81.
- the heat exchange can be performed accurately in the second heat exchange by selecting the fluid flow path according to the temperature of the hot water storage.
- either one of the bypass path 81 and the binos path 84 may be provided to allow fluid to flow through either the second heat exchanger 76 or the bypass path. According to this, heat exchange can be performed accurately in the second heat exchange according to the temperature of the hot water.
- one of the hot water circulation circuit 72 and the second heat medium circulation circuit 75 is provided with a bypass path that bins the second heat exchange 76.
- Heat exchange can be carried out with 1 heat exchange ⁇ .
- the power circuit 73, 75 in which the FC cooling water circulation circuit 73 and the condensed refrigerant circulation circuit 75 are provided independently is used as one circulation circuit (heat medium circulation circuit). Also good.
- the heat medium circulation circuit is provided independently of the hot water circulation circuit 72, and the heat medium that recovered the exhaust heat of the 10 fuel cells and 20 reformers circulates.
- a heat exchanger that exchanges heat between the hot water and the heat medium is provided across the heat medium circuit and the hot water circuit 72. That is, the fuel cell 10 and the condensers 31 to 34 are arranged on the heat medium circulation circuit.
- the heat medium circulation circuit circulates the heat medium recovered from the exhaust heat of the fuel cell 10 and the reformer 20, and is provided independently of the hot water circulation circuit 72. At the same time, heat is exchanged between the hot water and the heat medium through heat exchange. That is, the hot water does not directly exchange heat with the anode off-gas, power sword off-gas, combustion exhaust gas, and reformed gas, but indirectly exchanges heat through heat exchange. Therefore, when the hot water storage tank is a sealed type in which tap water is directly replenished, high pressure tap water pressure is applied to the hot water tank 71 and the hot water circulation circuit 72, but the heat medium circulation circuit is independent of the hot water circulation circuit 72.
- tap water pressure is not directly applied to heat exchange for heat exchange with anode off-gas, power sword off-gas, combustion exhaust gas, and reformed gas disposed on the heat medium circuit. Therefore, the heat exchange does not need to have an excessive pressure-resistant structure, so that it is possible to provide a fuel cell system that can replenish hot water storage with high-pressure water source power without increasing the cost and size.
- At least one of the hot water circulating circuit 72 and the heat medium circulating circuit is provided with a radiator 77 as a cooling means for cooling the fluid.
- a radiator 77 as a cooling means for cooling the fluid.
- the hot water circulating circuit 72 and the second heat medium circulating circuit 75 are connected.
- a bypass for bypassing the heat exchange in either the hot water circulation circuit 72 or the heat medium circulation circuit It is preferable to provide a path. According to this, heat exchange can be performed accurately by heat exchange by selecting the fluid flow path according to the temperature of the hot water storage.
- the fuel cell system according to the present invention is suitable for the case where hot water can be replenished from a high-pressure water source without increasing the cost and increasing the size! / Speak.
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Sustainable Development (AREA)
- Sustainable Energy (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Electrochemistry (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Fuel Cell (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US11/719,818 US20090226779A1 (en) | 2004-11-25 | 2005-11-21 | Fuel Cell System |
JP2006547771A JP4887158B2 (ja) | 2004-11-25 | 2005-11-21 | 燃料電池システム |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
JP2004-341228 | 2004-11-25 | ||
JP2004341228 | 2004-11-25 |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
WO2006057223A1 WO2006057223A1 (ja) | 2006-06-01 |
WO2006057223A9 true WO2006057223A9 (ja) | 2006-09-21 |
Family
ID=36497960
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/JP2005/021374 WO2006057223A1 (ja) | 2004-11-25 | 2005-11-21 | 燃料電池システム |
Country Status (4)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US20090226779A1 (ja) |
JP (2) | JP4887158B2 (ja) |
CN (1) | CN100499229C (ja) |
WO (1) | WO2006057223A1 (ja) |
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JP4724029B2 (ja) | 2006-03-27 | 2011-07-13 | アイシン精機株式会社 | 改質装置の運転停止方法 |
JP5406426B2 (ja) * | 2006-09-28 | 2014-02-05 | アイシン精機株式会社 | 燃料電池システム |
GB0621784D0 (en) * | 2006-11-01 | 2006-12-13 | Ceres Power Ltd | Fuel cell heat exchange systems and methods |
JP5171103B2 (ja) * | 2007-05-02 | 2013-03-27 | 本田技研工業株式会社 | 燃料電池コージェネレーション装置 |
GB2450357B (en) * | 2007-06-20 | 2010-10-27 | Royal Bank Scotland Plc | Resource consumption control apparatus and methods |
JP2009026718A (ja) * | 2007-07-24 | 2009-02-05 | Panasonic Corp | 燃料電池コージェネレーションシステム |
JP4644704B2 (ja) * | 2007-11-14 | 2011-03-02 | アイシン精機株式会社 | 燃料電池システム |
WO2009111946A1 (zh) * | 2008-03-10 | 2009-09-17 | Su Qingquan | 热泵循环系统及方法 |
JP5078705B2 (ja) * | 2008-03-31 | 2012-11-21 | アイシン精機株式会社 | 燃料電池システム |
JP5164657B2 (ja) * | 2008-04-25 | 2013-03-21 | アイシン精機株式会社 | 燃料電池システム |
JP4887326B2 (ja) * | 2008-04-25 | 2012-02-29 | アイシン精機株式会社 | 燃料電池システム |
JP5008613B2 (ja) * | 2008-06-30 | 2012-08-22 | アイシン精機株式会社 | 燃料電池システム |
JP4650577B2 (ja) * | 2009-03-24 | 2011-03-16 | パナソニック株式会社 | 燃料電池コージェネレーションシステム |
CN102414118B (zh) * | 2009-05-21 | 2014-07-23 | 松下电器产业株式会社 | 氢生成系统及热水生成系统 |
JP2010257993A (ja) * | 2010-08-05 | 2010-11-11 | Aisin Seiki Co Ltd | 燃料電池システム |
WO2012091096A1 (ja) * | 2010-12-28 | 2012-07-05 | Jx日鉱日石エネルギー株式会社 | 燃料電池システム |
JP6167477B2 (ja) * | 2012-06-13 | 2017-07-26 | 日産自動車株式会社 | 燃料電池システム |
JP5926138B2 (ja) * | 2012-06-29 | 2016-05-25 | 京セラ株式会社 | 燃料電池システム |
WO2015047484A2 (en) * | 2013-06-18 | 2015-04-02 | Massachusetts Institute Of Technology | Electrochemical systems and methods for harvesting heat energy |
CN104577168B (zh) * | 2014-12-17 | 2017-02-01 | 广东合即得能源科技有限公司 | 一种甲醇水制氢发电系统及制氢发电方法 |
TWI639272B (zh) * | 2016-01-30 | 2018-10-21 | 中興電工機械股份有限公司 | 用於燃料電池系統之燃料混合設備、燃料電池系統、以及用於燃料電池系統之燃料混合及輸送方法 |
CN106907811B (zh) * | 2017-03-24 | 2020-01-14 | 西安交通大学 | 一种分布式空调装置及方法 |
US20180298544A1 (en) * | 2017-04-17 | 2018-10-18 | Greg O'Rourke | High-Efficiency Washer-Dryer System |
JP6566053B2 (ja) * | 2018-01-19 | 2019-08-28 | アイシン精機株式会社 | 燃料電池システム |
WO2023054718A1 (ja) * | 2021-09-30 | 2023-04-06 | 京セラ株式会社 | 熱電併給システム |
KR102570606B1 (ko) * | 2023-07-11 | 2023-08-25 | (주)엘케이에너지 | 연료전지 개질부의 폐열을 활용한 연료비 절감장치 |
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JPS5828176A (ja) * | 1981-08-12 | 1983-02-19 | Toshiba Corp | りん酸形燃料電池発電設備 |
JP2002289227A (ja) * | 2001-03-23 | 2002-10-04 | Aisin Seiki Co Ltd | 燃料電池コージェネレーションシステム |
JP2002289242A (ja) * | 2001-03-28 | 2002-10-04 | Osaka Gas Co Ltd | 燃料電池排熱回収システム |
JP3904402B2 (ja) * | 2001-03-28 | 2007-04-11 | 大阪瓦斯株式会社 | 家庭用燃料電池システム |
US6861169B2 (en) * | 2001-05-09 | 2005-03-01 | Nuvera Fuel Cells, Inc. | Cogeneration of power and heat by an integrated fuel cell power system |
JP2003100336A (ja) * | 2001-09-21 | 2003-04-04 | Kurita Water Ind Ltd | 燃料電池発電システムおよびその運転方法 |
JP3881546B2 (ja) * | 2001-12-17 | 2007-02-14 | アイシン精機株式会社 | 燃料電池用加湿器 |
JP3997264B2 (ja) * | 2002-01-28 | 2007-10-24 | トヨタ自動車株式会社 | 燃料電池コージェネレーションシステム |
EP1542301B1 (en) * | 2002-09-20 | 2015-05-06 | Panasonic Corporation | Fuel cell cogeneration system |
JP2003223915A (ja) * | 2002-12-18 | 2003-08-08 | Matsushita Electric Ind Co Ltd | 燃料電池コージェネレーションシステム |
-
2005
- 2005-11-21 CN CNB2005800398056A patent/CN100499229C/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2005-11-21 US US11/719,818 patent/US20090226779A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2005-11-21 WO PCT/JP2005/021374 patent/WO2006057223A1/ja active Application Filing
- 2005-11-21 JP JP2006547771A patent/JP4887158B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
2011
- 2011-03-25 JP JP2011068269A patent/JP5418529B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
WO2006057223A1 (ja) | 2006-06-01 |
US20090226779A1 (en) | 2009-09-10 |
JP5418529B2 (ja) | 2014-02-19 |
JP4887158B2 (ja) | 2012-02-29 |
CN100499229C (zh) | 2009-06-10 |
JPWO2006057223A1 (ja) | 2008-06-05 |
CN101103477A (zh) | 2008-01-09 |
JP2011151033A (ja) | 2011-08-04 |
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