WO2023054718A1 - 熱電併給システム - Google Patents
熱電併給システム Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2023054718A1 WO2023054718A1 PCT/JP2022/036856 JP2022036856W WO2023054718A1 WO 2023054718 A1 WO2023054718 A1 WO 2023054718A1 JP 2022036856 W JP2022036856 W JP 2022036856W WO 2023054718 A1 WO2023054718 A1 WO 2023054718A1
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- Prior art keywords
- heat
- line
- fuel cell
- medium
- heat medium
- Prior art date
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- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 266
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 226
- 238000005338 heat storage Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 181
- 239000002918 waste heat Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 140
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 134
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims description 131
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 89
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims description 70
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Images
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04007—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids related to heat exchange
- H01M8/04029—Heat exchange using liquids
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24H—FLUID HEATERS, e.g. WATER OR AIR HEATERS, HAVING HEAT-GENERATING MEANS, e.g. HEAT PUMPS, IN GENERAL
- F24H1/00—Water heaters, e.g. boilers, continuous-flow heaters or water-storage heaters
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04007—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids related to heat exchange
- H01M8/04052—Storage of heat in the fuel cell system
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04082—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration
- H01M8/04201—Reactant storage and supply, e.g. means for feeding, pipes
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
- Y02E60/50—Fuel cells
Definitions
- the fuel cell system 11 has a third heat exchange section 20 that exchanges heat between the exhaust gas of the fuel cell 16 and the heat medium circulating in the waste heat recovery line 18. .
- cogeneration systems 100 and 200 can reduce the temperature of exhaust gas from fuel cell 16 .
- the indirect supply line 13 supplies heat by heat-exchanging the heat medium stored in the heat storage tank 17 with the medium.
- the medium is, for example, water. Part of the medium may be supplied from outside the facility in which the cogeneration system 10 is provided. Additionally, a portion of the medium may be supplied by circulating back a portion of the medium delivered from the cogeneration system 10 .
- the first medium supply path 39 is, for example, a hot water supply path. More specifically, the first medium supply path 39 heats clean water supplied from the outside of the facility where the cogeneration system 10 is provided using the first heat exchange unit 19, for example, a consumer facility supply hot water to The first medium supply path 39 may be provided with a first flow control valve 43 that adjusts the supply amount of the medium.
- both the reformer 26 and the cell stack 27 generally operate at a higher temperature than the exhaust gas, so compared to the configuration in which waste heat is recovered from the exhaust gas, , a large amount of heat can be recovered.
- the cogeneration system 10 can temporarily supply large amounts of heat.
- a combined heat and power system that recovers waste heat from exhaust gas and is difficult to supply a large amount of heat temporarily, it is necessary to install a water heater in order to meet the request to supply a large amount of heat temporarily.
- the cogeneration system 10 can temporarily supply a large amount of heat, so installation of a water heater is unnecessary.
- the fuel cell system 11 has the third heat exchange section 20 that exchanges heat between the exhaust gas of the fuel cell 16 and the heat medium circulating through the waste heat recovery line 18 .
- the cogeneration system 10 can cool the exhaust gas in the third heat exchange section 20 and recover reformed water to be supplied to the fuel cell 16 .
- the waste heat recovery line 18 circulates the heat medium stored in the heat storage tank 17 between the fuel cell 16 and the heat storage tank 17 .
- the waste heat recovery line 18 includes a heat medium outflow line 18a, an exhaust gas heat exchange line 18b, a heat medium cooling line 18c, a heat medium heating line 18d, and a heat medium inflow line 18f.
- the waste heat recovery line 18 is connected between the heat medium outflow line 18a and the heat medium inflow line 18f to any one of the heat medium exhaust gas heat exchange line 18b, the heat medium cooling line 18c, and the heat medium heating line 18d. It is possible to switch between the switched passage and the passage in which the passage order in a plurality of the exhaust gas heat exchange line 18b, the heat medium cooling line 18c, and the heat medium heating line 18d is changed.
- a specific example of the connection configuration of the exhaust gas heat exchange line 18b, the heat medium cooling line 18c, and the heat medium heating line 18d in the waste heat recovery line 18 will be described below.
- the heat medium outflow line 18 a causes the heat medium to flow out from the heat storage tank 17 .
- the heat medium outflow line 18 a may include a first end connected to the heat storage tank 17 and a second end connected to the first three-way valve 31 .
- the heat medium cooling line 18c cools the heat medium.
- the heating medium heating line 18d heats the heating medium.
- the heat medium cooling line 18c and the heat medium heating line 18d may be the same line or separate lines. In the following description, the configuration in which the heat medium cooling line 18c and the heat medium heating line 18d are the same line will be described. In the description common to the heat medium cooling line 18c and the heat medium heating line 18d, the heat medium cooling line 18c and the heat medium heating line 18d are called the temperature adjustment line 18e.
- the temperature regulation line 18 e may include a first end connected to the first three-way valve 31 and a second end connected to the third three-way valve 33 .
- the first end of the first bypass flow path 19a may be connected to the second three-way valve 32 as described above.
- a second end opposite to the first end of the first bypass flow path 19a may be connected to a temperature control line 18e between the first three-way valve 31 and a burner 22, which will be described later.
- a first end of the second bypass flow path 19b may be connected to the third three-way valve 33 as described above.
- a second end opposite to the first end of the second bypass flow path 19 b may be connected to the exhaust gas heat exchange line 18 b between the first three-way valve 31 and the third heat exchange section 20 .
- a first end of the third bypass flow path 19c may be connected to the third three-way valve 33 as described above.
- a second end opposite to the first end of the third bypass flow path 19 c may be connected to the heat medium inflow line 18 f between the second three-way valve 32 and the first heat exchange section 19 .
- the waste heat recovery line 18 is arranged between the heat medium outflow line 18a and the heat medium inflow line 18f by switching the first to third three-way valves 31 to 33 and the operation of the burner 22, so that the exhaust gas heat exchange line 18b, the heat
- the passage of the heat medium to any one of the medium cooling line 18c and the heat medium heating line 18d can be switched, or the exhaust gas heat exchange line 18b, the heat medium cooling line 18c, and the heat medium heating line 18d. It is possible to switch the order of passage of the heat medium to at least two or more lines among.
- the heat medium cooling line 18c may be cooled by a cooler provided nearby.
- a cooler is, for example, a radiator.
- the heat medium heating line 18d may be heated by a heater provided nearby.
- the heater is, for example, a burner 22 positioned near the heating medium heating line 18d so as to be able to heat the heating medium heating line.
- the heater may be an electric heater or the like.
- the burner 22 has a fuel injection line that supplies gaseous fuel and an air supply line that forcibly draws outside air using a blower.
- the burner 22 mixes and combusts the gaseous fuel and outside air at the ignition port. Combustion of the burner 22 may heat the heat medium.
- the indirect supply line 12 exchanges heat between a heat medium and a medium supplied from, for example, a water supply in response to a hot water supply request, and supplies hot water to, for example, consumer facilities.
- the indirect supply line 12 may be supplied with medium, for example from a water supply.
- the medium is, for example, water.
- the indirect supply line 12 may be provided with a first flow control valve 43 for adjusting the supply amount of the medium.
- a flow sensor 62 for measuring the flow rate of the medium may be provided upstream of the first flow control valve 43 in the indirect supply line 12 .
- a temperature sensor 55 that measures the temperature T5 of the heat medium may be provided upstream of the first flow control valve 43 in the indirect supply line 12 .
- the indirect supply line 12 includes a second heat exchange section 14 .
- the second heat exchange unit 14 may exchange heat between the medium and the heat medium stored in the heat storage tank 17 in response to the hot water supply request.
- the indirect supply line 12 supplies hot water to, for example, consumer facilities.
- the indirect supply line 12 may be a hot water supply line.
- the indirect supply line 12 may be provided with a bypass passage 44 that bypasses the second heat exchange section 14 .
- a second flow control valve 45 may be provided in the bypass 44 . By adjusting the flow rate of the medium bypassing the bypass 44 with the second flow control valve 45, the temperature of the medium delivered from the indirect supply line 12 can be adjusted.
- a temperature sensor 56 that measures the temperature T6 of the heat medium may be provided at the point where the downstream side of the second heat exchange section 14 and the bypass passage 44 join.
- the outflow heat amount may be calculated based on the amount of water entering the indirect supply line 12 and the temperature of the medium at the inlet and outlet of the indirect supply line 12 .
- a flow sensor 62 may be provided to measure the amount of water entering the indirect supply line 12 .
- Temperature sensors 55 , 56 may be provided to measure the temperature of the medium at the inlet and outlet of the indirect supply line 12 .
- the control device 35 may perform the third control when the temperature T3 of the lower portion of the heat storage tank 17 is equal to or lower than the third temperature threshold and the inflow heat amount is smaller than the provided heat amount.
- the third temperature threshold Th3 may be the same as the second temperature threshold Th2 in the above-described configuration in which the temperature threshold is switched depending on the presence or absence of the hot water supply request.
- the waste heat recovery line 18 is switched so that the heat medium passes through at least the heat medium heating line 18d (temperature adjustment line 18e).
- the heat medium may pass through the exhaust gas heat exchange line 18b before the heat medium heating line 18d.
- the control device 35 controls the first three-way valve 31 to allow communication between the second end of the heat medium outflow line 18a and the first end of the exhaust gas heat exchange line 18b.
- the control device 35 controls the second three-way valve 32 to allow communication between the second end of the exhaust gas heat exchange line 18b and the first end of the first bypass flow path 19a.
- the control device 35 controls the third three-way valve 33 to allow communication between the second end of the heat medium heating line 18d and the first end of the third bypass flow path 19c.
- the controller 35 causes the temperature control line 18e to function as the heating medium heating line 18d.
- the control device 35 operates the second pump 41 to flow the heat medium to the second heat exchange section 14 .
- the control device 35 controls the burner 22 so that the temperature T7 measured by the temperature sensor 57 becomes a predetermined second temperature target value Tt2, taking into consideration the amount of heat that can be obtained by the heat medium exchanging heat with the fuel cell 16. You may adjust the amount of raw fuel gas to. After flowing through the heating medium heating line 18d, the heating medium flows through the heating medium inflow line 18f. Considering the amount of heat that the heat medium can obtain through heat exchange in the heat medium inflow line 18f, the second temperature target value Tt2 is set to the fifth temperature target value Tt5 or the sixth temperature target value in the seventh control or eighth control described later. It may be set lower than the value Tt6.
- the control device 35 switches the passage route based on the inflow heat amount and the provided heat amount. It may be based on the amount of water W in the condensed water tank of the battery system 11 . Specifically, the controller 35 controls the order in which the heat medium passes through the exhaust gas heat exchange line 18b and the heat medium cooling line 18c in the waste heat recovery line 18 according to the amount of water W in the condensed water tank of the fuel cell system 11. can be replaced.
- the fifth temperature threshold Th5 may be the same as the second temperature threshold Th2 in the configuration in which the temperature threshold is switched depending on the presence or absence of the hot water supply request.
- the control device 35 controls the first three-way valve 31 to allow communication between the second end of the heat medium outflow line 18a and the first end of the exhaust gas heat exchange line 18b.
- the control device 35 controls the second three-way valve 32 to allow communication between the second end of the exhaust gas heat exchange line 18b and the first end of the first bypass flow path 19a.
- the control device 35 controls the third three-way valve 33 to allow communication between the second end of the heat medium cooling line 18c and the first end of the third bypass flow path 19c.
- the control device 35 operates the blower of the burner 22 while stopping the combustion of the burner 22 .
- the control device 35 operates the second pump 41 to flow the heat medium to the second heat exchange section 14 .
- the control device 35 controls the burner 22 so that the temperature T7 measured by the temperature sensor 57 becomes a predetermined third temperature target value Tt3 in consideration of the amount of heat that can be obtained by heat exchange between the heat medium and the fuel cell 16. You may adjust the amount of air to the
- the third temperature target value Tt3 may be the same as the second temperature threshold Th2.
- the third temperature target value Tt3 may be less than the second temperature threshold Th2.
- the heat medium from the heat storage tank 17 flows through the heat medium outflow line 18a, the exhaust gas heat exchange line 18b, the heat medium cooling line 18c, and the heat medium inflow line 18f in this order.
- the blower of the burner 22 draws outside air and blows it to the heat medium cooling line 18c to cool the heat medium flowing through the heat medium cooling line 18c, thereby causing the temperature control line 18e to function as the heat medium cooling line 18c.
- the medium flowing through the indirect supply line 12 is heated by exchanging heat with the heat medium in the second heat exchange section 14 .
- the control device 35 controls the first three-way valve 31 to allow communication between the second end of the heat medium outflow line 18a and the first end of the heat medium cooling line 18c.
- the control device 35 controls the second three-way valve 32 to allow communication between the second end of the exhaust gas heat exchange line 18b and the second end of the heat medium inflow line 18f.
- the control device 35 controls the third three-way valve 33 to allow communication between the second end of the heat medium cooling line 18c and the first end of the second bypass flow path 19b.
- the control device 35 causes the temperature control line 18e to function as the heat medium cooling line 18c by operating the blower of the burner 22 while stopping the combustion of the burner 22 .
- the control device 35 may adjust the amount of raw fuel gas to the burner 22 and the speed of the pump 40 so that the temperature T7 measured by the temperature sensor 57 becomes a predetermined fifth temperature target value Tt5.
- the fifth temperature target value Tt5 is, for example, 75°C.
- the heat medium from the heat storage tank 17 flows through the heat medium outflow line 18a, the heat medium heating line 18d, and the heat medium inflow line 18f in this order.
- the burner 22 burns and heats the heat medium flowing through the heat medium heating line 18d.
- the medium flowing through the indirect supply line 12 is heated by exchanging heat with the heat medium in the second heat exchange section 14 .
- control device 35 may perform the control described below, for example, periodically. This control may be performed at any time, but may be performed along with the second and sixth controls.
- the control device 35 determines that the temperature T4 of the heat medium inlet in the third heat exchange unit 20 is equal to or higher than the sixth temperature threshold value Th6, and the water amount W of the condensed water tank of the fuel cell system 11 is equal to or lower than the third water amount threshold value W3. In the case of , the power generation amount of the fuel cell 16 may be decreased.
- the sixth temperature threshold Th6 is, for example, 50°C.
- the third water amount threshold W3 is the same as the first water amount threshold W1 or the second water amount threshold W2 in the configuration in which the fifth control or the sixth control is performed by comparison with the water amount W of the condensed water tank as described above. good.
- the control device 35 may reduce the power generation amount of the fuel cell 16 by reducing the amount of raw fuel gas or air supplied to the fuel cell 16 .
- control device 35 may perform this process at regular intervals.
- the control device 35 starts hot water delivery (step S106). Specifically, the control device 35 operates the second pump 41 to flow the heat medium to the second heat exchange section 14 .
- the control device 35 determines whether the temperature T3 of the lower portion of the heat storage tank 17 is lower than or equal to the third temperature threshold Th3 (the second temperature threshold Th2 or the fourth temperature threshold Th4) (step S107).
- the control device 35 determines that the temperature T3 of the lower portion of the heat storage tank 17 is equal to or lower than the third temperature threshold Th3, it determines whether the inflow heat amount is higher than the provided heat amount (step S108).
- the temperature sensor 54 measures the heat medium inlet temperature T4 of the third heat exchange section 20.
- the control device 35 determines that the desired condensed water recovery is possible.
- the control device 35 controls that the water amount W of the condensed water tank that stores the condensed water generated in the third heat exchange unit 20 is equal to or greater than the first water amount threshold W1 (the second water amount threshold W2 or the third water amount threshold W3). It may be determined whether The amount of water W in the condensate tank may be measured by a water level sensor.
- the amount of water W in the condensed water tank may be calculated based on measurements of the inflow and outflow of the heat transfer medium to the condensed water tank.
- the amount of water W in the condensed water tank may be calculated based on the temperature of the exhaust gas from the fuel cell 16 .
- control device 35 determines that temperature T3 at the bottom of heat storage tank 17 is equal to or lower than seventh temperature threshold Th7. It is determined whether there is (step S115). When the control device 35 determines that the temperature T3 of the lower portion of the heat storage tank 17 is equal to or lower than the seventh temperature threshold Th7, the control device 35 performs seventh control (step S116). When the controller 35 determines that the temperature T3 of the lower portion of the heat storage tank 17 is not equal to or lower than the seventh temperature threshold Th7, the controller 35 shifts the fuel cell system 11 to the standby state (step S117).
- the standby state means that the fuel cell 16 is not operating, the heat storage tank 17 is not providing heat, the burner 22 is not provided with fuel gas, the blower of the burner 22 is not blowing air, and the first The state in which the pump 40 is stopped.
- the control device 35 may perform additional control described below, for example, periodically.
- the control device 35 determines whether the temperature T3 of the lower portion of the heat storage tank 17 is equal to or lower than the eighth temperature threshold Th8 (step S121).
- the controller 35 determines in step S110 that the temperature T3 of the lower portion of the heat storage tank 17 is higher than the eighth temperature threshold Th8, the controller 35 stops supplying gas fuel to the burner 22 (step S122). .
- Controller 35 may stop first pump 40 .
- the control device 35 ends the process.
- control device 35 may perform the control described below with reference to FIG. 9, for example, periodically. This control may be performed at any time, but may be performed along with the second and sixth controls.
- the control device 35 determines whether the temperature T4 of the heat medium inlet of the third heat exchange unit 20 is equal to or lower than the sixth temperature threshold Th6 (step S125).
- the control device 35 determines in step S125 that the temperature T4 of the lower portion of the heat storage tank 17 is equal to or lower than the sixth temperature threshold Th6, the air blowing volume of the blower of the burner 22 is maintained (step S126).
- control device 35 determines that the temperature T4 of the lower portion of the heat storage tank 17 is not equal to or lower than the sixth temperature threshold Th6, it increases the air blowing volume of the blower of the burner 22 (step S127).
- the amount of air blown by the blower of the burner 22 may be increased by increasing the amount of rotation of the blower.
- the control device 35 determines whether the temperature T4 of the heat medium inlet of the third heat exchange unit 20 is equal to or lower than the sixth temperature threshold Th6 (step S128). When the control device 35 determines that the temperature T4 of the heat medium inlet of the third heat exchange section 20 is equal to or lower than the sixth temperature threshold Th6, the control device 35 maintains the blower air volume of the burner 22. (Step S126). When the control device 35 determines that the temperature T4 of the heat medium inlet of the third heat exchange section 20 is not equal to or lower than the sixth temperature threshold Th6, the control device 35 performs the desired condensed water collection as described above. is possible (step S129).
- control device 35 determines in step S129 that the desired collection of condensed water is possible, the control device 35 maintains the air blowing volume of the blower of the burner 22 (step S126).
- the control device 35 determines that the desired collection of condensed water is not possible, the control device 35 reduces the power generation amount of the fuel cell 16 (step S130). Specifically, the control device 35 reduces the amount of raw fuel gas or air supplied to the fuel cell 16 to reduce the power generation amount of the fuel cell 16 .
- the fuel cell system of this embodiment configured as described above includes a waste heat recovery line 18 for circulating the heat medium between the fuel cell 16 and the heat storage tank 17.
- the waste heat recovery line 18 is a heat medium outflow line. Between 18a and the heat medium inflow line 18f, it is possible to switch the passage of the heat medium to any one of the exhaust gas heat exchange line 18b, the heat medium cooling line 18c, and the heat medium heating line 18d, or The order of passage of the heat medium to at least two or more of the exhaust gas heat exchange line 18b, the heat medium cooling line 18c, and the heat medium heating line 18d can be switched, and the control device 35 controls the operation of the fuel cell 16.
- the passage route of the heat medium in the waste heat recovery line 18 is switched according to the operating state and the presence/absence of the hot water supply request.
- the fuel cell system 11 can maintain the heat medium stored in the heat storage tank 17 at a high temperature regardless of whether there is a demand for hot water supply.
- the heat medium flows through the heat medium outflow line 18a, the heat medium The waste heat recovery line is switched so as to pass through the cooling line 18c and the exhaust gas heat exchange line 18b in this order.
- the condensed water supplied to the fuel cell 16 must be sufficiently collected by cooling the exhaust gas of the fuel cell with a heat medium.
- the exhaust gas may not be sufficiently cooled by the heat medium. Therefore, the fuel cell system 11 needs to actively cool the heat medium.
- the control device 35 controls the temperature T3 of the lower portion of the heat storage tank 17 to be equal to or lower than the fourth temperature threshold value Th4 and the inflow heat amount is larger than the provided heat amount, or the heat storage tank 17 is higher than the fourth temperature threshold value Th4, and when the inflow heat amount is less than the provided heat amount, the heat medium passes through the heat medium outflow line 18a and the exhaust gas heat exchange line 18b in this order.
- the waste heat recovery line 18 is switched as follows. With such a configuration, the fuel cell system 11 does not heat the heat medium in the heat medium heating line 18d when the heat amount supplied to the heat medium can be sufficiently recovered from the heat amount obtained from the fuel cell 16. , can reduce energy consumption.
- the control device 35 controls the heat medium cooling line 18c after the heat medium passes through the exhaust gas heat exchange line 18b. Switch the waste heat recovery line 18 so that it passes through the .
- the fuel cell system 11 can cool the heat medium so that the temperature of the heat medium stored in the heat storage tank 17 does not become too high. Also, the fuel cell system 11 can stop cooling the heat medium in the heat medium cooling line 18c to reduce energy consumption.
- Embodiments according to the present disclosure are not limited to any specific configuration of the embodiments described above. Embodiments of the present disclosure extend to any novel feature or combination thereof described in the present disclosure or any novel method or process step or combination thereof described. be able to.
- Descriptions such as “first” and “second” in this disclosure are identifiers for distinguishing the configurations. Configurations that are differentiated in descriptions such as “first” and “second” in this disclosure may interchange the numbers in that configuration. For example, a first heat exchange section can exchange identifiers “first” and “second” with a second heat exchange section. The exchange of identifiers is done simultaneously. The configurations are still distinct after the exchange of identifiers. Identifiers may be deleted. Configurations from which identifiers have been deleted are distinguished by codes. The description of identifiers such as “first” and “second” in this disclosure should not be used as a basis for interpreting the order of the configuration or the existence of lower numbered identifiers.
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Abstract
Description
11 燃料電池システム
12 間接供給ライン
13 間接供給ライン
14 第2の熱交換部
15 第4の熱交換部
16 燃料電池
17 蓄熱タンク
18 廃熱回収ライン
18a 熱媒流出ライン
18b 排ガス熱交換ライン
18c 熱媒冷却ライン
18d 熱媒加熱ライン
18e 第2の流路(温度調整ライン)
18f 熱媒流入ライン
18g 第1の流路
19 第1の熱交換部
19a 第4の流路(第1バイパス流路)
19b 第3の流路(第2バイパス流路)
19c 第3バイパス流路
20 第3の熱交換部
21 加熱部
21a,21b 温度調節部
22 バーナ
23 気液分離器
24 第1のポンプ
25 管路
26 改質器
27 セルスタック
28 パッキン
29 筐体
30 断熱材
31 第1の三方弁
32 第2の三方弁
33 第3の三方弁
35 制御装置
36 ポンプ
37 第1の間接供給ライン
38 第2の間接供給ライン
39 第1の媒体供給路
40 第1のポンプ
41 第2のポンプ
42 ポンプ
43 第1の流量調整弁
44 バイパス路
45 第2の流量調整弁
46 ポンプ
47 逆止弁
48 浴槽注水弁
49 放熱部
50 直接供給ライン
51,52,53,54,55,56,57 温度センサ
61,62 流量センサ
64 放熱部
65 第2の媒体供給路
66 送出路
67 帰還路
68 高温送出路
69 低温送出路
70 三方弁
71 第1の熱媒ライン
72 第2の熱媒ライン
Claims (20)
- 燃料電池と、前記燃料電池の外側に近接して位置するか、または内部に位置し、熱媒に前記燃料電池で発生する熱を回収させる第1の熱交換部と、前記熱媒を貯留し、給湯要求に応じて熱を提供する蓄熱タンクと、前記熱媒を前記燃料電池と前記蓄熱タンクの間に循環させる廃熱回収ラインと、を有する燃料電池システムと、
前記蓄熱タンクに貯留した前記熱媒と媒体とを熱交換することにより熱を供給する第2の熱交換部を含む間接供給ラインと、を備える
熱電併給システム。 - 請求項1に記載の熱電併給システムにおいて、
前記燃料電池システムは、該燃料電池の排ガスと前記廃熱回収ラインを循環する前記熱媒とを熱交換させる第3の熱交換部を有する
熱電併給システム。 - 請求項2に記載の熱電併給システムにおいて、
前記廃熱回収ラインにおいて、前記第3の熱交換部は、前記第1の熱交換部の上流側に位置する
熱電併給システム。 - 請求項2又は3に記載の熱電併給システムにおいて、
前記廃熱回収ラインにおいて、前記燃料電池システムは、前記蓄熱タンクと前記第3の熱交換部との間に放熱部を有する
熱電併給システム。 - 請求項2から4のいずれか一項に記載の熱電併給システムにおいて、
前記燃料電池システムは、前記廃熱回収ラインにおいて、前記第1の熱交換部及び前記第3の熱交換部の間に位置し且つ該廃熱回収ラインを循環する前記熱媒を加熱可能又は冷却可能である温度調節部を有する
熱電併給システム。 - 請求項5に記載の熱電併給システムにおいて、
前記廃熱回収ラインは、前記第3の熱交換部の下流側に、前記温度調節部を迂回して前記第1の熱交換部に接続する第1の流路を含む、
熱電併給システム。 - 請求項2から6のいずれか一項に記載の熱電併給システムにおいて、
前記廃熱回収ラインは、前記蓄熱タンクの下流側に、
前記第3の熱交換部を迂回して前記第1の熱交換部に接続する第2の流路と、
前記第2の流路から分岐し且つ前記第3の熱交換部に接続する第3の流路と、を含む、
熱電併給システム。 - 請求項1から7のいずれか一項に記載の熱電併給システムにおいて、
前記蓄熱タンクに貯留した熱媒を流動させることにより熱を供給する直接供給ラインを含む、
熱電併給システム。 - 請求項2から7のいずれか一項に記載の熱電併給システムにおいて、
制御装置を含み、
前記廃熱回収ラインは、
前記蓄熱タンクから前記熱媒を流出させる熱媒流出ラインと、前記第3の熱交換部を備える排ガス熱交換ラインと、前記熱媒を冷却する熱媒冷却ラインと、前記熱媒を加熱する熱媒加熱ラインと、前記熱媒に前記燃料電池で発生する熱を回収可能であり、前記熱媒を前記蓄熱タンクに流入させる熱媒流入ラインと、を含み、
前記熱媒流出ライン及び前記熱媒流入ラインの間で、前記排ガス熱交換ライン、前記熱媒冷却ライン、及び前記熱媒加熱ラインのうちいずれか1つのラインへの前記熱媒の通過を切替可能であり、または、前記排ガス熱交換ライン、前記熱媒冷却ライン、及び前記熱媒加熱ラインのうち少なくとも2つ以上のラインへの前記熱媒の通過の順番を切替可能であり、
前記制御装置は、前記燃料電池の運転状態及び前記給湯要求の有無に応じて、前記廃熱回収ラインにおける前記熱媒の通過経路を切替える
熱電併給システム。 - 請求項9に記載の燃料電池システムにおいて、
前記制御装置は、前記燃料電池が運転中の場合に、前記蓄熱タンクの下部の温度と温度閾値との関係に応じて、前記廃熱回収ラインにおける熱媒の通過経路を切替え、前記給湯要求がない場合の前記温度閾値である第1温度閾値は、前記給湯要求がある場合の前記温度閾値である第2温度閾値よりも低い
熱電併給システム。 - 請求項10に記載の燃料電池システムにおいて、
前記制御装置は、前記給湯要求がなく、前記蓄熱タンクの下部の温度が前記第1温度閾値以下である場合、前記熱媒が、前記排ガス熱交換ラインのみを通過するように前記廃熱回収ラインを切替える
熱電併給システム。 - 請求項10に記載の燃料電池システムにおいて、
前記制御装置は、前記給湯要求がなく、前記蓄熱タンクの下部の温度が前記第1温度閾値より高いとき、前記熱媒が、前記熱媒冷却ライン、前記排ガス熱交換ラインの順に通過するように前記廃熱回収ラインを切替える
熱電併給システム。 - 請求項9から12のいずれか一項に記載の燃料電池システムにおいて、
前記制御装置は、前記燃料電池が運転中であり、前記給湯要求がある場合、前記蓄熱タンクに流入する熱媒の熱量である流入熱量と前記蓄熱タンクが前記給湯要求に応じて提供する熱量である提供熱量とに基づいて、前記廃熱回収ラインにおける熱媒の通過経路を切替える
熱電併給システム。 - 請求項13に記載の燃料電池システムにおいて、
前記制御装置は、前記蓄熱タンクの下部の温度が第3温度閾値以下の場合であって、前記流入熱量が前記提供熱量よりも小さいときに、前記熱媒が、前記熱媒加熱ラインを通過するように前記廃熱回収ラインを切替える
熱電併給システム。 - 請求項13に記載の燃料電池システムにおいて、
前記制御装置は、前記蓄熱タンクの下部の温度が第4温度閾値以下の場合であって、前記流入熱量が前記提供熱量よりも大きいときに、又は前記蓄熱タンクの下部の温度が前記第4温度閾値より高い場合であって、前記流入熱量が前記提供熱量未満であるときに、前記熱媒が、前記排ガス熱交換ラインのみを通過するように前記廃熱回収ラインを切替える
熱電併給システム。 - 請求項15に記載の燃料電池システムにおいて、
前記第3の熱交換部で生じる凝縮水を貯水する凝縮水タンクをさらに備え、
前記制御装置は、前記蓄熱タンクの下部の温度が第5温度閾値より高い場合であって、前記流入熱量が前記提供熱量よりも大きいときに、前記凝縮水タンクの水量に応じて、前記廃熱回収ラインにおける、前記熱媒の、前記排ガス熱交換ライン及び前記熱媒冷却ラインの通過順番を入替える
熱電併給システム。 - 請求項16に記載の熱電併給システムにおいて、
前記制御装置は、前記第3の熱交換部における前記熱媒の流入口の温度が、第6温度閾値以上であり、前記凝縮水タンクの水量が第3水量閾値以下の場合、前記燃料電池の発電量を低下させる
熱電併給システム。 - 請求項9から17のいずれか一項に記載の熱電併給システムにおいて、
前記制御装置は、前記燃料電池が停止中であり、前記給湯要求がない場合、前記蓄熱タンクの下部の温度が第7温度閾値以下であるときに、前記熱媒が、前記排ガス熱交換ライン、前記熱媒加熱ラインの順に通過するように前記廃熱回収ラインを切替える
熱電併給システム。 - 請求項9から18のいずれか一項に記載の熱電併給システムにおいて、
前記制御装置は、前記燃料電池が停止中であり、前記給湯要求がある場合、前記蓄熱タンクの下部の温度が第8温度閾値以下であるときに、前記熱媒が、前記熱媒加熱ラインのみを通過するように前記廃熱回収ラインを切替える
熱電併給システム。 - 請求項19に記載の熱電併給システムにおいて、
前記蓄熱タンクの下部の温度が第9温度閾値以下であるとき、前記蓄熱タンクが熱を提供する能力を制限させる
熱電併給システム。
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JP2002298863A (ja) | 2001-03-30 | 2002-10-11 | Osaka Gas Co Ltd | 燃料電池発電設備の排熱回収システム |
JP2005069667A (ja) * | 2003-08-01 | 2005-03-17 | Osaka Gas Co Ltd | 貯湯式の給湯熱源装置 |
JP2005100873A (ja) * | 2003-09-26 | 2005-04-14 | Hitachi Home & Life Solutions Inc | 燃料電池システム |
WO2006057223A1 (ja) * | 2004-11-25 | 2006-06-01 | Aisin Seiki Kabushiki Kaisha | 燃料電池システム |
JP2007263388A (ja) * | 2006-03-27 | 2007-10-11 | Osaka Gas Co Ltd | 排熱回収装置 |
JP2017174608A (ja) * | 2016-03-23 | 2017-09-28 | 大阪瓦斯株式会社 | 燃料電池システム |
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JP2002298863A (ja) | 2001-03-30 | 2002-10-11 | Osaka Gas Co Ltd | 燃料電池発電設備の排熱回収システム |
JP2005069667A (ja) * | 2003-08-01 | 2005-03-17 | Osaka Gas Co Ltd | 貯湯式の給湯熱源装置 |
JP2005100873A (ja) * | 2003-09-26 | 2005-04-14 | Hitachi Home & Life Solutions Inc | 燃料電池システム |
WO2006057223A1 (ja) * | 2004-11-25 | 2006-06-01 | Aisin Seiki Kabushiki Kaisha | 燃料電池システム |
JP2007263388A (ja) * | 2006-03-27 | 2007-10-11 | Osaka Gas Co Ltd | 排熱回収装置 |
JP2017174608A (ja) * | 2016-03-23 | 2017-09-28 | 大阪瓦斯株式会社 | 燃料電池システム |
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