WO2006030943A1 - 圧電アクチュエータ - Google Patents
圧電アクチュエータ Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2006030943A1 WO2006030943A1 PCT/JP2005/017231 JP2005017231W WO2006030943A1 WO 2006030943 A1 WO2006030943 A1 WO 2006030943A1 JP 2005017231 W JP2005017231 W JP 2005017231W WO 2006030943 A1 WO2006030943 A1 WO 2006030943A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- piezoelectric
- piezoelectric actuator
- displacement
- temperature
- electric field
- Prior art date
Links
- 238000006073 displacement reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 251
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 124
- 230000005684 electric field Effects 0.000 claims description 177
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 claims description 85
- 239000003990 capacitor Substances 0.000 claims description 55
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 claims description 51
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 claims description 16
- RKTYLMNFRDHKIL-UHFFFAOYSA-N copper;5,10,15,20-tetraphenylporphyrin-22,24-diide Chemical compound [Cu+2].C1=CC(C(=C2C=CC([N-]2)=C(C=2C=CC=CC=2)C=2C=CC(N=2)=C(C=2C=CC=CC=2)C2=CC=C3[N-]2)C=2C=CC=CC=2)=NC1=C3C1=CC=CC=C1 RKTYLMNFRDHKIL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000004065 semiconductor Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 claims description 11
- JRPBQTZRNDNNOP-UHFFFAOYSA-N barium titanate Chemical group [Ba+2].[Ba+2].[O-][Ti]([O-])([O-])[O-] JRPBQTZRNDNNOP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910002113 barium titanate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052783 alkali metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000001340 alkali metals Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000012190 activator Substances 0.000 claims 3
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 80
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 58
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 56
- 239000012071 phase Substances 0.000 description 46
- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 description 42
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 41
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 34
- 230000010287 polarization Effects 0.000 description 13
- 230000008878 coupling Effects 0.000 description 11
- 238000010168 coupling process Methods 0.000 description 11
- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 description 11
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 11
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 11
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 11
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 10
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 10
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 8
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 7
- 239000003960 organic solvent Substances 0.000 description 7
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 7
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000005245 sintering Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000002441 X-ray diffraction Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 5
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000005238 degreasing Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000004907 flux Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 5
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 5
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000001354 calcination Methods 0.000 description 4
- DOIRQSBPFJWKBE-UHFFFAOYSA-N dibutyl phthalate Chemical compound CCCCOC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1C(=O)OCCCC DOIRQSBPFJWKBE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 4
- BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N platinum Chemical compound [Pt] BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- HOMDJHGZAAKUQV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-(propoxymethoxy)propane Chemical compound CCCOCOCCC HOMDJHGZAAKUQV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 230000015556 catabolic process Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000010304 firing Methods 0.000 description 3
- 208000037584 hereditary sensory and autonomic neuropathy Diseases 0.000 description 3
- 230000006698 induction Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000011268 mixed slurry Substances 0.000 description 3
- NJPPVKZQTLUDBO-UHFFFAOYSA-N novaluron Chemical compound C1=C(Cl)C(OC(F)(F)C(OC(F)(F)F)F)=CC=C1NC(=O)NC(=O)C1=C(F)C=CC=C1F NJPPVKZQTLUDBO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000004014 plasticizer Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 238000009774 resonance method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229920002554 vinyl polymer Polymers 0.000 description 3
- IRIAEXORFWYRCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Butylbenzyl phthalate Chemical compound CCCCOC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1C(=O)OCC1=CC=CC=C1 IRIAEXORFWYRCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000002411 adverse Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000032683 aging Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000007795 chemical reaction product Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229960002380 dibutyl phthalate Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 238000000227 grinding Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052697 platinum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- BITYAPCSNKJESK-UHFFFAOYSA-N potassiosodium Chemical compound [Na].[K] BITYAPCSNKJESK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000010298 pulverizing process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000376 reactant Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000035882 stress Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- HMUNWXXNJPVALC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-[4-[2-(2,3-dihydro-1H-inden-2-ylamino)pyrimidin-5-yl]piperazin-1-yl]-2-(2,4,6,7-tetrahydrotriazolo[4,5-c]pyridin-5-yl)ethanone Chemical compound C1C(CC2=CC=CC=C12)NC1=NC=C(C=N1)N1CCN(CC1)C(CN1CC2=C(CC1)NN=N2)=O HMUNWXXNJPVALC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FGRBYDKOBBBPOI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 10,10-dioxo-2-[4-(N-phenylanilino)phenyl]thioxanthen-9-one Chemical compound O=C1c2ccccc2S(=O)(=O)c2ccc(cc12)-c1ccc(cc1)N(c1ccccc1)c1ccccc1 FGRBYDKOBBBPOI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VZSRBBMJRBPUNF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(2,3-dihydro-1H-inden-2-ylamino)-N-[3-oxo-3-(2,4,6,7-tetrahydrotriazolo[4,5-c]pyridin-5-yl)propyl]pyrimidine-5-carboxamide Chemical compound C1C(CC2=CC=CC=C12)NC1=NC=C(C=N1)C(=O)NCCC(N1CC2=C(CC1)NN=N2)=O VZSRBBMJRBPUNF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WZFUQSJFWNHZHM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-[4-[2-(2,3-dihydro-1H-inden-2-ylamino)pyrimidin-5-yl]piperazin-1-yl]-1-(2,4,6,7-tetrahydrotriazolo[4,5-c]pyridin-5-yl)ethanone Chemical compound C1C(CC2=CC=CC=C12)NC1=NC=C(C=N1)N1CCN(CC1)CC(=O)N1CC2=C(CC1)NN=N2 WZFUQSJFWNHZHM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004372 Polyvinyl alcohol Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000853 adhesive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001070 adhesive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005054 agglomeration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002776 aggregation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004364 calculation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910010293 ceramic material Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000021438 curry Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000000280 densification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000018109 developmental process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003989 dielectric material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010292 electrical insulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007772 electrode material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002003 electrode paste Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004519 grease Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000020169 heat generation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011810 insulating material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010030 laminating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003475 lamination Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004570 mortar (masonry) Substances 0.000 description 1
- YEXPOXQUZXUXJW-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxolead Chemical compound [Pb]=O YEXPOXQUZXUXJW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000005498 polishing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920001296 polysiloxane Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002451 polyvinyl alcohol Polymers 0.000 description 1
- UKDIAJWKFXFVFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N potassium;oxido(dioxo)niobium Chemical compound [K+].[O-][Nb](=O)=O UKDIAJWKFXFVFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000007639 printing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001737 promoting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000611 regression analysis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000452 restraining effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000630 rising effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920002545 silicone oil Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000010532 solid phase synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000006104 solid solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007858 starting material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005303 weighing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001238 wet grinding Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B35/00—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
- C04B35/01—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on oxide ceramics
- C04B35/495—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on oxide ceramics based on vanadium, niobium, tantalum, molybdenum or tungsten oxides or solid solutions thereof with other oxides, e.g. vanadates, niobates, tantalates, molybdates or tungstates
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01G—COMPOUNDS CONTAINING METALS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C01D OR C01F
- C01G33/00—Compounds of niobium
- C01G33/006—Compounds containing, besides niobium, two or more other elements, with the exception of oxygen or hydrogen
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01G—COMPOUNDS CONTAINING METALS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C01D OR C01F
- C01G35/00—Compounds of tantalum
- C01G35/006—Compounds containing, besides tantalum, two or more other elements, with the exception of oxygen or hydrogen
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B35/00—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
- C04B35/01—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on oxide ceramics
- C04B35/48—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on oxide ceramics based on zirconium or hafnium oxides, zirconates, zircon or hafnates
- C04B35/49—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on oxide ceramics based on zirconium or hafnium oxides, zirconates, zircon or hafnates containing also titanium oxides or titanates
- C04B35/491—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on oxide ceramics based on zirconium or hafnium oxides, zirconates, zircon or hafnates containing also titanium oxides or titanates based on lead zirconates and lead titanates, e.g. PZT
- C04B35/493—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on oxide ceramics based on zirconium or hafnium oxides, zirconates, zircon or hafnates containing also titanium oxides or titanates based on lead zirconates and lead titanates, e.g. PZT containing also other lead compounds
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B35/00—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
- C04B35/622—Forming processes; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
- C04B35/64—Burning or sintering processes
- C04B35/645—Pressure sintering
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10N—ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10N30/00—Piezoelectric or electrostrictive devices
- H10N30/50—Piezoelectric or electrostrictive devices having a stacked or multilayer structure
- H10N30/503—Piezoelectric or electrostrictive devices having a stacked or multilayer structure having a non-rectangular cross-section in a plane orthogonal to the stacking direction, e.g. polygonal or circular in top view
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10N—ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10N30/00—Piezoelectric or electrostrictive devices
- H10N30/80—Constructional details
- H10N30/85—Piezoelectric or electrostrictive active materials
- H10N30/853—Ceramic compositions
- H10N30/8542—Alkali metal based oxides, e.g. lithium, sodium or potassium niobates
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01P—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO STRUCTURAL AND PHYSICAL ASPECTS OF SOLID INORGANIC COMPOUNDS
- C01P2002/00—Crystal-structural characteristics
- C01P2002/50—Solid solutions
- C01P2002/52—Solid solutions containing elements as dopants
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01P—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO STRUCTURAL AND PHYSICAL ASPECTS OF SOLID INORGANIC COMPOUNDS
- C01P2006/00—Physical properties of inorganic compounds
- C01P2006/32—Thermal properties
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01P—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO STRUCTURAL AND PHYSICAL ASPECTS OF SOLID INORGANIC COMPOUNDS
- C01P2006/00—Physical properties of inorganic compounds
- C01P2006/40—Electric properties
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01P—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO STRUCTURAL AND PHYSICAL ASPECTS OF SOLID INORGANIC COMPOUNDS
- C01P2006/00—Physical properties of inorganic compounds
- C01P2006/42—Magnetic properties
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B2235/00—Aspects relating to ceramic starting mixtures or sintered ceramic products
- C04B2235/02—Composition of constituents of the starting material or of secondary phases of the final product
- C04B2235/30—Constituents and secondary phases not being of a fibrous nature
- C04B2235/32—Metal oxides, mixed metal oxides, or oxide-forming salts thereof, e.g. carbonates, nitrates, (oxy)hydroxides, chlorides
- C04B2235/3201—Alkali metal oxides or oxide-forming salts thereof
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B2235/00—Aspects relating to ceramic starting mixtures or sintered ceramic products
- C04B2235/02—Composition of constituents of the starting material or of secondary phases of the final product
- C04B2235/30—Constituents and secondary phases not being of a fibrous nature
- C04B2235/32—Metal oxides, mixed metal oxides, or oxide-forming salts thereof, e.g. carbonates, nitrates, (oxy)hydroxides, chlorides
- C04B2235/3201—Alkali metal oxides or oxide-forming salts thereof
- C04B2235/3203—Lithium oxide or oxide-forming salts thereof
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B2235/00—Aspects relating to ceramic starting mixtures or sintered ceramic products
- C04B2235/02—Composition of constituents of the starting material or of secondary phases of the final product
- C04B2235/30—Constituents and secondary phases not being of a fibrous nature
- C04B2235/32—Metal oxides, mixed metal oxides, or oxide-forming salts thereof, e.g. carbonates, nitrates, (oxy)hydroxides, chlorides
- C04B2235/3205—Alkaline earth oxides or oxide forming salts thereof, e.g. beryllium oxide
- C04B2235/3213—Strontium oxides or oxide-forming salts thereof
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B2235/00—Aspects relating to ceramic starting mixtures or sintered ceramic products
- C04B2235/02—Composition of constituents of the starting material or of secondary phases of the final product
- C04B2235/30—Constituents and secondary phases not being of a fibrous nature
- C04B2235/32—Metal oxides, mixed metal oxides, or oxide-forming salts thereof, e.g. carbonates, nitrates, (oxy)hydroxides, chlorides
- C04B2235/3224—Rare earth oxide or oxide forming salts thereof, e.g. scandium oxide
- C04B2235/3225—Yttrium oxide or oxide-forming salts thereof
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B2235/00—Aspects relating to ceramic starting mixtures or sintered ceramic products
- C04B2235/02—Composition of constituents of the starting material or of secondary phases of the final product
- C04B2235/30—Constituents and secondary phases not being of a fibrous nature
- C04B2235/32—Metal oxides, mixed metal oxides, or oxide-forming salts thereof, e.g. carbonates, nitrates, (oxy)hydroxides, chlorides
- C04B2235/3231—Refractory metal oxides, their mixed metal oxides, or oxide-forming salts thereof
- C04B2235/3251—Niobium oxides, niobates, tantalum oxides, tantalates, or oxide-forming salts thereof
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B2235/00—Aspects relating to ceramic starting mixtures or sintered ceramic products
- C04B2235/02—Composition of constituents of the starting material or of secondary phases of the final product
- C04B2235/30—Constituents and secondary phases not being of a fibrous nature
- C04B2235/32—Metal oxides, mixed metal oxides, or oxide-forming salts thereof, e.g. carbonates, nitrates, (oxy)hydroxides, chlorides
- C04B2235/3231—Refractory metal oxides, their mixed metal oxides, or oxide-forming salts thereof
- C04B2235/3251—Niobium oxides, niobates, tantalum oxides, tantalates, or oxide-forming salts thereof
- C04B2235/3255—Niobates or tantalates, e.g. silver niobate
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B2235/00—Aspects relating to ceramic starting mixtures or sintered ceramic products
- C04B2235/02—Composition of constituents of the starting material or of secondary phases of the final product
- C04B2235/30—Constituents and secondary phases not being of a fibrous nature
- C04B2235/32—Metal oxides, mixed metal oxides, or oxide-forming salts thereof, e.g. carbonates, nitrates, (oxy)hydroxides, chlorides
- C04B2235/3262—Manganese oxides, manganates, rhenium oxides or oxide-forming salts thereof, e.g. MnO
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B2235/00—Aspects relating to ceramic starting mixtures or sintered ceramic products
- C04B2235/02—Composition of constituents of the starting material or of secondary phases of the final product
- C04B2235/30—Constituents and secondary phases not being of a fibrous nature
- C04B2235/32—Metal oxides, mixed metal oxides, or oxide-forming salts thereof, e.g. carbonates, nitrates, (oxy)hydroxides, chlorides
- C04B2235/3294—Antimony oxides, antimonates, antimonites or oxide forming salts thereof, indium antimonate
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B2235/00—Aspects relating to ceramic starting mixtures or sintered ceramic products
- C04B2235/02—Composition of constituents of the starting material or of secondary phases of the final product
- C04B2235/30—Constituents and secondary phases not being of a fibrous nature
- C04B2235/32—Metal oxides, mixed metal oxides, or oxide-forming salts thereof, e.g. carbonates, nitrates, (oxy)hydroxides, chlorides
- C04B2235/3298—Bismuth oxides, bismuthates or oxide forming salts thereof, e.g. zinc bismuthate
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B2235/00—Aspects relating to ceramic starting mixtures or sintered ceramic products
- C04B2235/02—Composition of constituents of the starting material or of secondary phases of the final product
- C04B2235/30—Constituents and secondary phases not being of a fibrous nature
- C04B2235/44—Metal salt constituents or additives chosen for the nature of the anions, e.g. hydrides or acetylacetonate
- C04B2235/444—Halide containing anions, e.g. bromide, iodate, chlorite
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B2235/00—Aspects relating to ceramic starting mixtures or sintered ceramic products
- C04B2235/02—Composition of constituents of the starting material or of secondary phases of the final product
- C04B2235/50—Constituents or additives of the starting mixture chosen for their shape or used because of their shape or their physical appearance
- C04B2235/52—Constituents or additives characterised by their shapes
- C04B2235/5292—Flakes, platelets or plates
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B2235/00—Aspects relating to ceramic starting mixtures or sintered ceramic products
- C04B2235/02—Composition of constituents of the starting material or of secondary phases of the final product
- C04B2235/50—Constituents or additives of the starting mixture chosen for their shape or used because of their shape or their physical appearance
- C04B2235/52—Constituents or additives characterised by their shapes
- C04B2235/5296—Constituents or additives characterised by their shapes with a defined aspect ratio, e.g. indicating sphericity
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B2235/00—Aspects relating to ceramic starting mixtures or sintered ceramic products
- C04B2235/02—Composition of constituents of the starting material or of secondary phases of the final product
- C04B2235/50—Constituents or additives of the starting mixture chosen for their shape or used because of their shape or their physical appearance
- C04B2235/54—Particle size related information
- C04B2235/5418—Particle size related information expressed by the size of the particles or aggregates thereof
- C04B2235/5436—Particle size related information expressed by the size of the particles or aggregates thereof micrometer sized, i.e. from 1 to 100 micron
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B2235/00—Aspects relating to ceramic starting mixtures or sintered ceramic products
- C04B2235/02—Composition of constituents of the starting material or of secondary phases of the final product
- C04B2235/50—Constituents or additives of the starting mixture chosen for their shape or used because of their shape or their physical appearance
- C04B2235/54—Particle size related information
- C04B2235/5418—Particle size related information expressed by the size of the particles or aggregates thereof
- C04B2235/5445—Particle size related information expressed by the size of the particles or aggregates thereof submicron sized, i.e. from 0,1 to 1 micron
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B2235/00—Aspects relating to ceramic starting mixtures or sintered ceramic products
- C04B2235/60—Aspects relating to the preparation, properties or mechanical treatment of green bodies or pre-forms
- C04B2235/604—Pressing at temperatures other than sintering temperatures
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B2235/00—Aspects relating to ceramic starting mixtures or sintered ceramic products
- C04B2235/65—Aspects relating to heat treatments of ceramic bodies such as green ceramics or pre-sintered ceramics, e.g. burning, sintering or melting processes
- C04B2235/656—Aspects relating to heat treatments of ceramic bodies such as green ceramics or pre-sintered ceramics, e.g. burning, sintering or melting processes characterised by specific heating conditions during heat treatment
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B2235/00—Aspects relating to ceramic starting mixtures or sintered ceramic products
- C04B2235/65—Aspects relating to heat treatments of ceramic bodies such as green ceramics or pre-sintered ceramics, e.g. burning, sintering or melting processes
- C04B2235/656—Aspects relating to heat treatments of ceramic bodies such as green ceramics or pre-sintered ceramics, e.g. burning, sintering or melting processes characterised by specific heating conditions during heat treatment
- C04B2235/6562—Heating rate
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B2235/00—Aspects relating to ceramic starting mixtures or sintered ceramic products
- C04B2235/65—Aspects relating to heat treatments of ceramic bodies such as green ceramics or pre-sintered ceramics, e.g. burning, sintering or melting processes
- C04B2235/656—Aspects relating to heat treatments of ceramic bodies such as green ceramics or pre-sintered ceramics, e.g. burning, sintering or melting processes characterised by specific heating conditions during heat treatment
- C04B2235/6565—Cooling rate
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B2235/00—Aspects relating to ceramic starting mixtures or sintered ceramic products
- C04B2235/65—Aspects relating to heat treatments of ceramic bodies such as green ceramics or pre-sintered ceramics, e.g. burning, sintering or melting processes
- C04B2235/658—Atmosphere during thermal treatment
- C04B2235/6583—Oxygen containing atmosphere, e.g. with changing oxygen pressures
- C04B2235/6585—Oxygen containing atmosphere, e.g. with changing oxygen pressures at an oxygen percentage above that of air
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B2235/00—Aspects relating to ceramic starting mixtures or sintered ceramic products
- C04B2235/70—Aspects relating to sintered or melt-casted ceramic products
- C04B2235/74—Physical characteristics
- C04B2235/76—Crystal structural characteristics, e.g. symmetry
- C04B2235/762—Cubic symmetry, e.g. beta-SiC
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B2235/00—Aspects relating to ceramic starting mixtures or sintered ceramic products
- C04B2235/70—Aspects relating to sintered or melt-casted ceramic products
- C04B2235/74—Physical characteristics
- C04B2235/76—Crystal structural characteristics, e.g. symmetry
- C04B2235/768—Perovskite structure ABO3
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B2235/00—Aspects relating to ceramic starting mixtures or sintered ceramic products
- C04B2235/70—Aspects relating to sintered or melt-casted ceramic products
- C04B2235/74—Physical characteristics
- C04B2235/77—Density
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B2235/00—Aspects relating to ceramic starting mixtures or sintered ceramic products
- C04B2235/70—Aspects relating to sintered or melt-casted ceramic products
- C04B2235/74—Physical characteristics
- C04B2235/78—Grain sizes and shapes, product microstructures, e.g. acicular grains, equiaxed grains, platelet-structures
- C04B2235/787—Oriented grains
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B2235/00—Aspects relating to ceramic starting mixtures or sintered ceramic products
- C04B2235/70—Aspects relating to sintered or melt-casted ceramic products
- C04B2235/96—Properties of ceramic products, e.g. mechanical properties such as strength, toughness, wear resistance
- C04B2235/9607—Thermal properties, e.g. thermal expansion coefficient
- C04B2235/9623—Ceramic setters properties
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a multilayer actuator that uses the inverse piezoelectric effect and electrostrictive effect in a large electric field, a piezoelectric lens, an ultrasonic motor, a bimorph piezoelectric
- piezoelectric actuators such as elements, ultrasonic sonar, piezoelectric ultrasonic transducers, piezoelectric buzzers, and piezoelectric force.
- Piezoelectric actuators using piezoelectric ceramic materials are products that convert electrical energy into mechanical energy using displacement due to the inverse piezoelectric effect, and are widely applied in the fields of electronics and mechatronics.
- PZT system P b (Z r ⁇ T i) 0 3 system
- B a T i 0 3 etc. are known.
- PZT-based piezoelectric ceramics have higher piezoelectric properties than other piezoelectric ceramics, and occupy the majority of piezoelectric ceramics that are currently in practical use.
- PbO lead oxide
- B a T i ⁇ 3 ceramics do not contain lead, but have lower piezoelectric properties than PZT, and also have a problem that they cannot be used at high temperatures because the Curie temperature is about 120 ° C. .
- the above-mentioned piezoelectric actuator overnight generally includes a piezoelectric element that is a piezoelectric ceramic provided with at least one pair of electrodes and a holding portion that holds the piezoelectric element.
- a pressure contact member such as an adhesive member or a panel for holding the piezoelectric element on the holding component, a lead terminal for applying a voltage to the piezoelectric element, and a resin coated between the pair of electrodes Or it consists of an electrical insulation member such as silicone oil.
- a piezoelectric element made of piezoelectric ceramic is pressed by adhesion or molding or a spring or the like, a mechanical restraint force (preset load) is already applied in a state where no voltage is applied. Is given.
- the piezoelectric actuator overnight when a voltage is applied to the piezoelectric actuator, the piezoelectric element is displaced as the voltage increases, so that the mechanical restraining force increases (load increase).
- the displacement of the piezoelectric actuator overnight is smaller than the displacement performance of the piezoelectric element itself due to the preset load and the load increase.
- the usage conditions and driving conditions of the piezoelectric actuator overnight include parameters such as temperature, driving electric field strength, driving waveform, driving frequency, and continuous driving or intermittent driving.
- the general operating temperature range of the piezoelectric actuator overnight is about 30 ° C to 80 ° C when used in a general living environment, and maximum when used as an automobile part. At —40 ° (: ⁇ 1600 ° C.
- the amplitude of the driving electric field strength depends on the application of the piezoelectric actuator, and it is 50 for the piezoelectric buzzer, ultrasonic sonar, piezoelectric speaker, etc.
- the piezoelectric actuator drive method includes (1) a constant voltage drive method in which displacement is controlled by using voltage as a parameter, and (2) drive by control of displacement in which injection energy is used as a parameter. It can be classified into the constant energy drive method and (3) the constant charge drive method that drives by controlling the displacement with the injected charge as a parameter.
- the above-mentioned piezoelectric actuator drive method using the constant voltage drive method has a feature that the displacement when the voltage is applied rises and falls and has hysteresis.
- this constant voltage driving method there is a problem that the fluctuation range of the displacement within the operating temperature range is relatively large.
- the piezoelectric energy drive method using the constant energy drive method has a characteristic that the displacement when the injection energy rises and falls has hysteresis.
- the fluctuation range of the displacement within the operating temperature range is small compared to the above constant voltage driving method.
- the AC drive that uses the constant charge drive method is superior in that the most precise displacement control is possible because the difference in displacement between the rise and fall of the injected charge is almost zero. .
- the fluctuation range of displacement within the operating temperature range is larger than that of the constant voltage drive and the constant energy drive.
- the following techniques have been developed as a method for reducing the fluctuation range of the temperature characteristics of the piezoelectric ceramic sensor.
- Japanese Laid-Open Patent Publication No. 6-233264 discloses a stacked piezoelectric actuator that has a plurality of piezoelectric ceramic layers having different displacement performances.
- Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 5-284060 discloses a piezoelectric element in which a temperature compensation capacitor is electrically connected in series or in parallel to piezoelectric ceramics.
- Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 7-79002 discloses that in a piezoelectric element that generates an electric charge according to pressure, piezoelectric layers and dielectric layers are alternately stacked, and the electrostatic capacity of the dielectric layer is the same as that of the piezoelectric layer.
- a piezoelectric element is disclosed which is made of a material having a characteristic that is larger than the capacitance and whose dielectric layer has a temperature coefficient opposite to that of the piezoelectric layer.
- a piezoelectric element that generates an electric charge according to pressure is mixed and molded with a dielectric material whose capacitance changes with a temperature characteristic opposite to that of the piezoelectric material.
- a piezoelectric element is disclosed.
- the piezoelectric d 33 constant measured by the resonance method in a piezoelectric titanate piezoelectric ceramic is 3 0 0 p C / N
- a composition having a small temperature change rate of the piezoelectric d 33 from 30 ° C. to 85 ° C. is disclosed.
- Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2 0 0 3-1 2 8 4 60 describes in a multilayer piezoelectric element using a barium titanate-based Ni as an internal electrode, from the strain rate when an electric field strength of lk mm is applied.
- a piezoelectric element having a small temperature change rate of the calculated piezoelectric d 31 constant is disclosed.
- the present invention has been made in view of such a conventional problem, and intends to provide a piezoelectric actuator that can reduce the temperature dependence of the displacement regardless of the driving method of the piezoelectric actuator. It is a thing.
- a piezoelectric actuator having a piezoelectric element formed by forming a pair of electrodes on a surface of a piezoelectric ceramic as a driving source, wherein a voltage is applied to the piezoelectric actuator and the electric field strength is 10.
- the piezoelectric actuator overnight is less in the following requirements (a) to (c).
- C nax represents the maximum value of the apparent dynamic capacity at 30 to 80 ° C
- C min represents the minimum value of the apparent dynamic capacity at 30 to 80 ° C.
- L ⁇ ax is the maximum displacement from 30 to 80 ° C
- L n i n is
- the fluctuation width W L / C [%] due to the temperature change of L / C represented by the following formula (3) is-30 to 80.
- C [F] is the apparent dynamic capacity of the piezoelectric actuator overnight
- L [urn] is the displacement of the piezoelectric actuator overnight.
- the C [F] is the amount of charge Q accumulated in the capacitor when the piezoelectric actuator and the capacitor are connected in series, and a voltage is applied to the piezoelectric actuator and the capacitor.
- C is calculated by dividing [C] by the voltage V [V] applied to the piezoelectric actuator overnight.
- W L / C (%) [ ⁇ 2 X (L / C) aax / ((L / C) iax +
- the second invention is a piezoelectric actuator that has a piezoelectric element having a pair of electrodes formed on the surface of a piezoelectric ceramic as a drive source.
- the piezoelectric actuator overnight is required to satisfy the following requirements (j) to (1) Piezoelectric actuators characterized by satisfying at least one requirement (Claim 10 of claims).
- W c (%) [ ⁇ 2 XC na no (C B ax + C lin ) ⁇ 1 1]
- L B ax represents the maximum value of displacement at 1 30 to 160 ° C
- L B in represents the minimum value of displacement at 1 30 to 160 ° C
- W L / C (%) [(2 X (L / C) BAX / ((L / C) AAX +
- the piezoelectric actuate of the first invention satisfies at least one of the above requirements (a) to (c). That is, in the piezoelectric actuator overnight according to the first aspect of the invention, the fluctuation width W due to temperature change of the apparent dynamic capacity C (the fluctuation width W due to temperature change of the displacement L or the displacement noise dynamic. At least one of the fluctuation ranges W L / C due to the temperature change of the capacitance (LZC) is within the specific range in the specific temperature range of ⁇ 30 to 80 ° C.
- the piezoelectric actuator of the second invention satisfies at least one of the requirements (j) to (1). That is, in the piezoelectric actuator overnight according to the first aspect of the invention, the fluctuation width W due to the temperature change of the apparent dynamic capacity C or the fluctuation width WL due to the temperature change of the displacement L, or the displacement Z dynamic capacity (L At least one of the fluctuation ranges W L / c due to the temperature change of / C) is within the specific range in the specific temperature range of ⁇ 30 to 160 ° C.
- the piezoelectric actuator overnight according to the first and second inventions has little variation in displacement due to temperature change. That is, the piezoelectric actuator can exhibit a substantially constant displacement even when used in an environment where the temperature changes rapidly. Therefore, the above piezoelectric features Ayu can also be suitably used for products that are used in environments where the temperature changes drastically, such as automobile parts.
- the drive method of piezoelectric actuator overnight is as follows:
- Constant voltage drive method that drives by controlling displacement with voltage as a parameter
- Constant energy drive method that drives by controlling displacement with parameter as an injection energy
- the displacement (A L 1) of the constant voltage drive piezoelectric actuator is expressed by the following formula A 1.
- AL 1 D 3 3 XEFXL 0 A 1
- D 3 3 Dynamic strain [mZV]
- EF Maximum electric field strength [V Zm]
- L 0 Length of piezoelectric ceramic before voltage application [ m].
- the amount of dynamic strain is parallel to the voltage application direction when driven by applying a high voltage with a constant amplitude, with an electric field strength of 0 to 300 V / mm and a dielectric breakdown. This is the displacement performance of the piezoelectric ceramic generated in the direction, and is expressed by the following formula A2.
- D 3 3 has not only temperature dependency but also electric field strength dependency.
- the piezoelectric actuator evening displacement ( ⁇ L 1) is proportional to the product of the dynamic strain amount D 3 3 according to the applied electric field strength and the applied electric field strength. .
- the energy, charge, apparent dynamic capacity, and applied voltage are related by the following formulas A 3 and A 4.
- W 1/2 XCXV 2 A 3
- Q CXV ⁇ A 4
- C Apparent dynamic capacity [F]
- V Applied voltage [V]
- Q Charge [C].
- the apparent dynamic capacitance C [F] is generally in the range where a piezoelectric actuator and a capacitor are connected in series, and the electric field strength is 0 to 300 0 V / mm and insulation breakdown does not occur. It is defined as the value obtained by dividing the amount of charge accumulated in the capacitor by the voltage applied overnight when driven with a constant amplitude electric field strength.
- the apparent dynamic capacity C includes at least the charge component derived from the dielectric component, the polarization inversion component, and the polarization rotation component of the piezoelectric ceramic, and the leakage current derived from the direct current resistance component of the piezoelectric ceramic.
- the apparent dynamic capacity C has not only temperature dependence but also electric field strength dependence.
- D 3 3 is the displacement performance, D 3 3 / C 0 - 5, the absolute value of D 3 3 ZC is desirably large.
- V (2 XW / C) ° - 5
- the terminal voltage also converges to a constant value, so that D 3 3 / C Q ' 5 at a constant driving electric field strength If the temperature dependency is small, the temperature dependency of the displacement of the constant energy control can be reduced. In addition, if the temperature dependence of D 3 3 / C at a constant driving electric field strength is small, the temperature dependence of the arcuate displacement under constant charge control can be reduced.
- the amount of dynamic strain generated under electric field driving conditions with a certain amplitude in the operating temperature range D 3 3 is desirably fluctuation width of 3 / C is small.
- the fluctuation width W due to the temperature change of the apparent dynamic capacity C (the fluctuation width W due to the temperature change of the displacement L or the displacement / apparent Fluctuation width due to temperature change of dynamic capacity (L / C) of at least one of W we is within ⁇ 1 1% and ⁇ 14% within a specific temperature range of 30 to 80 ° C, respectively Within ⁇ 1 2%.
- the fluctuation width W due to a temperature change of the apparent dynamic capacity C or the fluctuation width W due to a temperature change of the displacement L or the displacement / apparent dynamic Fluctuation width due to temperature change of capacitance (L / C) W W ( ; at least one of them is within ⁇ 30% and ⁇ 14% within a specific temperature range of 1 30 to 160 ° C, respectively. Within ⁇ 3 5%.
- the temperature dependence of the displacement is reduced regardless of driving methods such as constant voltage driving, constant energy driving, and constant charge driving. In other words, even if the operating temperature is changed, substantially the same displacement characteristics can be exhibited.
- FIG. 1 is a diagram showing the temperature dependence of the apparent dynamic capacity of the piezoelectric actuator according to the first example.
- FIG. 2 is a diagram showing the temperature dependence of the displacement of the piezoelectric actuator according to the first example.
- FIG. 3 is a diagram showing the temperature dependence of the apparent dynamic capacity of the displacement of the piezoelectric actuator according to the first embodiment.
- FIG. 4 is a diagram showing the temperature dependence of the apparent dynamic capacity of the piezoelectric actuator according to the second embodiment.
- FIG. 5 is a diagram showing the temperature dependence of the displacement of the piezoelectric actuator according to the second embodiment.
- FIG. 6 is a diagram showing the temperature dependence of the apparent dynamic capacity of the displacement of the piezoelectric actuator according to the second embodiment.
- FIG. 7 is a diagram showing the temperature dependence of the apparent dynamic capacity of the piezoelectric actuator according to the third embodiment.
- FIG. 8 is a diagram showing the temperature dependence of the displacement of the piezoelectric actuator according to the third embodiment.
- FIG. 9 is a diagram showing the temperature dependence of the displacement Z apparent dynamic capacity of the piezoelectric actuator according to the third embodiment.
- FIG. 10 is a diagram showing the temperature dependence of the apparent dynamic capacity of the piezoelectric actuator according to the fourth example.
- FIG. 11 is a diagram showing the temperature dependence of the displacement of the piezoelectric actuator according to the fourth embodiment.
- FIG. 12 is a diagram showing the temperature dependence of the displacement / apparent dynamic capacity of the piezoelectric actuator according to the fourth example.
- FIG. 13 is a diagram showing the temperature dependence of the apparent dynamic capacitance and capacitance of the piezoelectric actuator according to the fifth embodiment.
- Fig. 14 is a diagram showing the temperature dependence of the displacement of the piezoelectric actuator according to Example 5.
- FIG. 15 is a diagram showing the temperature dependence of the displacement Z apparent dynamic capacity according to the fifth embodiment.
- Figure 16 shows the apparent movement of Piezoelectric Yue, according to Comparative Example 1. It is a diagram which shows the temperature dependence of dynamic capacity.
- FIG. 17 is a diagram showing the temperature dependence of the displacement of the piezoelectric actuator according to the first comparative example.
- FIG. 18 is a diagram showing the temperature dependence of the apparent dynamic capacitance of the displacement Z of the piezoelectric actuator according to Comparative Example 1.
- FIG. 19 is a diagram showing the temperature dependence of the apparent dynamic capacity of the piezoelectric actuator according to Comparative Example 2.
- FIG. 20 is a diagram showing the temperature dependence of the displacement of the piezoelectric actuator according to the comparative example 2.
- FIG. 21 is a diagram showing the temperature dependence of the apparent dynamic capacity of the piezoelectric actuator according to Comparative Example 2.
- FIG. 22 is a diagram showing the temperature dependence of the apparent dynamic capacity of the piezoelectric actuator according to Comparative Example 3.
- FIG. 23 is a diagram showing the temperature dependence of the displacement of the piezoelectric actuator according to Comparative Example 3.
- FIG. 24 is a diagram showing the temperature dependence of the displacement / apparent dynamic capacity of the piezoelectric actuator according to Comparative Example 3.
- FIG. 25 is a diagram showing the temperature dependence of the apparent dynamic capacity of the piezoelectric actuator according to Comparative Example 4.
- FIG. FIG. 26 is a diagram showing the temperature dependence of the displacement of the piezoelectric actuator according to Comparative Example 4.
- FIG. 27 is a diagram showing the temperature dependence of the displacement / apparent dynamic capacity of the piezoelectric actuator according to Comparative Example 4.
- FIG. 27 is a diagram showing the temperature dependence of the displacement / apparent dynamic capacity of the piezoelectric actuator according to Comparative Example 4.
- FIG. 28 is a diagram showing the temperature dependence of the apparent dynamic capacity of the piezoelectric actuator according to Comparative Example 5.
- FIG. 29 is a diagram showing the temperature dependence of the displacement of the piezoelectric actuator according to Comparative Example 5.
- FIG. 30 is a diagram showing the temperature dependence of the displacement / apparent dynamic capacity of the piezoelectric actuator according to Comparative Example 5.
- FIG. 30 is a diagram showing the temperature dependence of the displacement / apparent dynamic capacity of the piezoelectric actuator according to Comparative Example 5.
- FIG. 31 is a diagram showing the apparent dynamic capacity and the temperature dependence of the dynamic capacity of Piezoelectric Stack (Example 1) according to Example 6.
- FIG. Fig. 3 2 is a diagram of the piezoelectric actuator according to Example 6 (Example 4). It is a diagram which shows the temperature dependence of an apparent dynamic capacity
- FIG. 33 is a diagram showing the apparent dynamic capacity and the temperature dependence of the dynamic capacity of Piezoelectric Ikuya (Comparative Example 1) according to Example 6.
- FIG. 33 is a diagram showing the apparent dynamic capacity and the temperature dependence of the dynamic capacity of Piezoelectric Ikuya (Comparative Example 1) according to Example 6.
- Fig. 34 is a diagram showing the relationship between the electrode strength amplitude and the dynamic strain at a temperature of 20 ° C for each piezoelectric actuator obtained in Example 1 to Example 5 according to Example 7. It is.
- FIG. 35 shows the measured value of the temperature characteristic of d 3 , the single plate produced in Example 5, according to Example 8, and the driving of 100 0 V to 200 0 V / mm shown in Example 5
- FIG. 6 is a diagram showing the results of normalizing the amount of dynamic strain at electric field strength with a value of 20 ° C., respectively.
- FIG. 36 is an explanatory diagram showing an example of the configuration of the piezoelectric actuator according to the present invention.
- FIG. 37 is an explanatory diagram illustrating the outline of the configuration of the piezoelectric actuator according to the first embodiment.
- FIG. 38 is an explanatory diagram of the configuration of the piezoelectric element according to the first example.
- FIG. 39 is an explanatory diagram showing the configuration of a piezoelectric element (single plate) made of a single piece of piezoelectric ceramic according to the first embodiment.
- FIG. 40 is an explanatory diagram illustrating a state in which the piezoelectric element (single plate) and the internal electrode plate according to the first embodiment are stacked.
- W L (%) [ ⁇ 2 XL B ax / (L nax + L ffl in ) ⁇ -1]
- W L / C (%) [ ⁇ 2 X (L / C) B ax / ((L / C) leakage ax +
- the apparent dynamic capacity is the same as that of the piezoelectric actuator X overnight, for example, at a temperature of 25 ° C.
- the amount of charge Q [C] accumulated in the capacitor is expressed as the voltage applied to the piezoelectric actuator overnight.
- the piezoelectric actuator overnight does not satisfy any of the above requirements (a) to (c), that is, when the fluctuation range W C is out of the range of ⁇ 11% at -30 to 80 ° C.
- the temperature is between 3 ° C and 80 ° C. There is a possibility that the temperature dependence of the piezoelectric actuator overnight will increase.
- the piezoelectric actuator overnight preferably satisfies both the above requirement (a) and the above requirement (b) (claim 2).
- the temperature dependence of the piezoelectric actuator overnight can be made smaller.
- the piezoelectric actuator overnight satisfies all of the above requirements (a) to (c) (claim 3).
- the temperature dependence of the piezoelectric actuator overnight can be further reduced.
- the fluctuation range W E [%] due to a change in the dynamic capacity temperature is preferably within ⁇ 12% within a specific temperature range of ⁇ 40 to 80 ° C. .
- the fluctuation range WL due to the temperature change of the displacement L is preferably within ⁇ 14% within a specific temperature range of _40 to 80 ° C.
- the fluctuation range W L / (; due to the temperature change of LZC is within ⁇ 13% in a specific temperature range of ⁇ 40 to 80 ° C.
- the piezoelectric actuator overnight preferably satisfies the following requirement (d) (claim 4).
- the fluctuation width W L / e 5 due to the temperature change of L ZC Q ' 5 is within the specified temperature range of 30 to 80 ° C. If it exceeds 12%, the temperature dependence of the displacement of the piezoelectric actuator may be increased.
- the fluctuation range W L / e Q ' 5 due to the temperature change of L / C 11 ' 5 is preferably within ⁇ 12% within a specific temperature range of ⁇ 40 to 80 ° C.
- the temperature dependence of the displacement of the piezoelectric actuator can be reduced even in a temperature range of ⁇ 40 to 80 ° C.
- the piezoelectric actuator overnight satisfies the following requirement (e): Be satisfied Preferred (claim 5).
- the amount of dynamic strain calculated by dividing the strain in the direction of electric field application of the piezoelectric actuator overnight by the electric field strength is 25 50 pm / in a specific temperature range of 130 to 80 ° C. V or higher.
- the piezoelectric actuator overnight does not satisfy the above requirement (e), that is, if the dynamic strain is less than 2500 pm ZV in the specific temperature range of 1 30 to 80 ° C, There is a risk that the displacement of the piezoelectric actuator overnight will become small.
- the amount of dynamic strain is preferably 2500 pm / V or more in a temperature range of 140 to 80 ° C.
- the displacement of the piezoelectric actuator can be increased even in a temperature range of ⁇ 40 to 80 ° C.
- the piezoelectric actuator overnight preferably satisfies the following requirement (f) (claim 6).
- the piezoelectric actuator overnight preferably satisfies the following requirement (g) (claim 7). .
- the variation width W L due to the temperature change of the displacement L of the piezoelectric actuator is within ⁇ 14% in the specific temperature range of ⁇ 30 to 160 ° C.
- the piezoelectric actuator overnight preferably satisfies the following requirement (h) (claim 8).
- the piezoelectric actuator overnight preferably satisfies the following requirement (i) (claim 9).
- the piezoelectric actuator overnight satisfies at least one of the requirements (f) to (i)
- the temperature dependence of the piezoelectric actuator overnight can be further improved. That is, in this case, the temperature dependence of the displacement of the piezoelectric actuator can be reduced in a wider temperature range of 30 to 160 ° C.
- the piezoelectric actuator overnight satisfies the above requirements (j) to U).
- C max represents the maximum value of the apparent dynamic capacity at 1 30 to 160 ° C
- C min represents the minimum value of the apparent dynamic capacity at 1 30 to 160 ° C.
- the apparent dynamic capacity is obtained by connecting the piezoelectric actuator overnight and a capacitor installed at a temperature of, for example, 25 ° C in series, and applying a voltage to the piezoelectric actuator overnight and the capacitor.
- the amount of charge Q [C] accumulated in the capacitor is It can be calculated by dividing by the voltage V [V] applied overnight.
- the above requirement (1) is as follows.
- the apparent dynamic capacity of the piezoelectric actuator is C [F]
- the displacement of the BL actuator is L (m).
- the fluctuation width W wc due to the temperature change of L / C expressed by the following formula (7) is within ⁇ 35% in the specific temperature range of ⁇ 3 0 16 0 ° C.
- W L (%) [ ⁇ 2 X (L / C) aax / ((L / C) aax +
- the dynamic capacity of the apparent connects the capacitor installed in the piezoelectric ⁇ Kuchiyue Isseki and example temperature 2 5 D C in series, a voltage to the piezoelectric Akuchiyue Isseki and the capacitor When applied, it can be calculated by dividing the amount of charge Q [C] accumulated in the capacitor by the voltage V [V] applied overnight.
- the above-mentioned piezoelectric actuator Ichiya has both the above requirements (j) and (1) When not satisfied, that is, when the temperature range is 30 to 160 ° C, the above fluctuation range W C is out of the range of within 30% of soil, or the above range of fluctuation W L is out of the range of within 14% of soil If the fluctuation width W WE is out of the range of 35% or less of the soil, the temperature dependence of the piezoelectric actuator overnight at temperatures between 30 ° C and 160 ° C may increase. .
- the piezoelectric actuator overnight preferably satisfies both the above requirement (j) and the above requirement (k) (claim 11).
- the temperature dependence of the piezoelectric actuator overnight can be further reduced.
- the piezoelectric actuator overnight preferably satisfies all of the above requirements (j) to (1) (claims 1 and 2).
- the temperature dependence of the piezoelectric actuator overnight can be further reduced.
- the above fluctuation range W C [%] due to the temperature change of the apparent dynamic capacity is within ⁇ 35% within a specific temperature range of 1400 to 160 ° C. Preferably there is.
- the fluctuation range due to the temperature change of the displacement L is preferably within 14% of soil in a specific temperature range of ⁇ 40 to 160 ° C.
- the fluctuation width W W (; due to the temperature change of L / C is within ⁇ 35% in a specific temperature range of ⁇ 40 to 160 ° C.
- the piezoelectric actuator overnight preferably satisfies the following requirement (m) (claims 1 to 3): o
- (LZC .. 5 ) raa is the maximum value of LZC 11 ' 5 in the specific temperature range of 1 30 to 160 ° C
- (L / C 0 ' 5 ) min is 1 30 to 1 represents the minimum value of LZC ⁇ ⁇ 5 in a specific temperature range of 60 ° C.) If the piezoelectric actuator overnight does not satisfy the above requirement (m), the fluctuation width due to temperature change of L ZC ° ' 5 W L / C. If ' 5 exceeds 20% of soil in the specific temperature range of ⁇ 30 to 160 ° C, the temperature dependence of the displacement of the piezoelectric actuator may increase.
- the fluctuation range W we Q ' 5 due to the temperature change of L / C Q ' 5 is preferably within ⁇ 20% in a specific temperature range of 140 to 160 ° C.
- the temperature dependence of the displacement of the piezoelectric actuator can be reduced even in the temperature range of 140 to 160 ° C.
- the piezoelectric actuator X preferably satisfies the following requirement (n) (Claim 14).
- the piezoelectric actuator overnight does not satisfy the requirement ( ⁇ ), that is, if the dynamic strain is less than 25 pm / V in the specific temperature range of 1 30 to 160 ° C.
- the displacement of the piezoelectric actuator overnight may be reduced.
- the amount of dynamic strain is preferably not less than 2500 pm / V in the temperature range of -40 to 160 ° C.
- the displacement of the piezoelectric actuator overnight can be increased even in the temperature range of 140 to 160 ° C.
- the piezoelectric actuator has a piezoelectric element formed by forming a pair of electrodes on the surface of the piezoelectric ceramic as a driving source.
- the piezoelectric ceramic is preferably composed of an alkali metal-containing piezoelectric ceramic containing at least one selected from Li, K, and Na (claim 18).
- the leakage current during driving in a high temperature environment of 80 ° C or higher increases further, and the fluctuation range of the above ⁇ apparent dynamic capacity '' at temperatures of 80 ° C or higher is 80 ° C. It is larger than the fluctuation range of “Capacitance” and “Dynamic capacitance” above C. Therefore, in this case, the requirement (a) or Z and (c) of the first invention that defines the fluctuation range with the apparent dynamic capacity as a parameter, the requirement (j) of the second invention or And (1) obtained by satisfying (1), for example, the above-mentioned effect of reducing the temperature dependence of displacement in constant energy driving and constant charge driving can be more remarkably exhibited.
- the specific resistance is 1 ⁇ 10 6 ⁇ ⁇ m or more over the entire temperature range (for example, a temperature of 30 to 160 ° C.).
- the piezoelectric ceramic can be prevented from being destroyed by resistance heat generation.
- the piezoelectric ceramic has a specific resistance of 1 ⁇ 10 8 ⁇ ⁇ m or more in the operating temperature range of the piezoelectric actuator. In this case, the lifetime of the piezoelectric actuator can be extended.
- the piezoelectric ceramic does not contain lead (claim 19).
- the piezoelectric ceramic is represented by the general formula: ⁇ L i x (K, _ y N a y ),. X ⁇ ⁇ N b, _ z .w T a z S b w ⁇ ⁇ 3 (where 0 ⁇ x ⁇ 0. 2, 0 ⁇ y ⁇ l, 0 ⁇ z ⁇ 0. 4, 0 ⁇ w ⁇ 0. 2, x + z + w> 0) And a crystal-oriented piezoelectric ceramic in which specific crystal planes of crystal grains constituting the polycrystal are oriented (claim 20).
- a piezoelectric actuator that satisfies the requirements (a) to (i) and a piezoelectric actuator that satisfies the requirements (j) to (n) can be easily realized.
- the grain-oriented piezoelectric ceramic box is a type potassium sodium niobate is isotropic downy mouth Busukai preparative compounds (K -! Y N a y N B_ ⁇ 3) as a basic composition
- a site elements (K , N a) is partially substituted with a predetermined amount of Li and / or B site element (N b) is partially substituted with a predetermined amount of Ta and Z or S b .
- x + z + w> 0 indicates that at least one of L i, T a and S b may be included as a substitution element.
- y represents the ratio of K and Na contained in the crystal-oriented piezoelectric ceramic.
- the crystal-oriented piezoelectric ceramic according to the present invention only needs to contain at least one of K or Na as the A-site element. That is, the ratio y between K and Na is not particularly limited, and can take any value between 0 and 1.
- the value of y is preferably not less than 0.05 and not more than 0.75, more preferably not less than 0.20 and not more than 0.70, and more preferably 0.35 or more and 0.65 or less, more preferably 0.40 or more and 0.60 or less, and still more preferably 0.42 or more and 0.60 or less.
- X represents the substitution amount of L i for substituting K and / or Na which are A site elements. Substituting part of K and / or Na with Li provides the effect of improving the piezoelectric characteristics, increasing the Curie temperature, and / or promoting densification. Specifically, the value of X is preferably 0 or more and 0.2 or less. If the value of X exceeds 0.2, the displacement characteristics deteriorate, which is not preferable. The value of X is preferably 0 or more and 0.15 or less, and more preferably 0 or more and 0.110 or less.
- Z represents the amount of substitution of Ta that replaces the B site element Nb. Replacing a part of Nb with Ta can improve the displacement characteristics.
- the value of z is preferably 0 or more and 0.4 or less. If the value of z exceeds 0.4, the Curie temperature decreases, making it difficult to use it as a piezoelectric material for home appliances and automobiles.
- the value of is preferably 0 or more and 0.35 or less, and more preferably 0 or more and 0.30 or less.
- w is the position of S b that replaces the B site element N b. Represents the amount of conversion. Replacing part of Nb with Sb can improve the displacement characteristics.
- the value of w is preferably 0 or more and 0.2 or less. If the value of w exceeds 0.2, the displacement characteristics and Z or Curie temperature decrease, which is not preferable.
- the value of w is preferably 0 or more and 0.1 or less.
- first crystal phase transition temperature Kyuri one temperature
- second Crystal phase transition temperature tetragonal ⁇ orthorhombic
- rhombohedral crystal ⁇ rhombohedral crystal third crystal phase transition temperature.
- first crystal phase transition temperature is higher than the operating temperature range
- the second crystal phase transition temperature is lower than the operating temperature range, so that it is tetragonal over the entire operating temperature range.
- crystal phase transition temperature Curie temperature
- second crystal phase transition temperature orthorhombic crystal-rhombohedral
- the second crystal phase transition temperature is about 190 °
- the third crystal phase transition temperature is It is about 1 150 ° C. Therefore, the temperature region that is tetragonal is 1
- the crystal-oriented piezoelectric ceramic, potassium sodium niobate is a basic composition - with respect to (K ⁇ y N a y N B_ ⁇ 3), L i, T a , varying the amount of substituting element of S b
- the first crystal phase transition temperature and the second crystal phase transition temperature can be freely changed.
- y 0.4 to 0.6
- the maximum piezoelectric property is obtained.
- L i, T a S
- the results of multiple regression analysis of the substitution amount of b and the measured crystal phase transition temperature are shown in the following formulas B1 and B2.
- the first crystal phase transition temperature is the temperature at which the piezoelectricity completely disappears, and the dynamic capacity rapidly increases in the vicinity thereof.
- the upper boundary temperature + 60 ° C) is desirable.
- the second crystal phase transition temperature is simply the temperature at which the crystal phase transition occurs, and since the piezoelectricity does not disappear, it can be set within a range that does not adversely affect the temperature dependence of the displacement or dynamic capacity.
- the lower limit temperature of the product's operating environment + 40 ° C) is desirable.
- the maximum use environment temperature of the product varies depending on the application, such as 60 ° C, 80, 100 ° C (, 120 ° C, 140 ° C, 160 ° C, etc.
- the minimum operating environment temperature of the product is 130 ° C, 140 ° C, etc. Therefore, since the first crystal phase transition temperature shown in the above formula B 1 is preferably 120 ° C. or higher, “x”, “z” and “w” are (3 8 8 + 9 x— 5 z 1 1 7 w) It is desirable to satisfy +5 0 ⁇ 1 2 0.
- the second crystal phase transition temperature shown in Formula B 2 is desirably 10 ° C. or less
- “x”, “z”, and “w” are (1 9 0— 1 8. 9 X-3 9 z-5. 8 w) — It is desirable to satisfy 5 0 ⁇ 1 0.
- the crystal-oriented piezoelectric ceramics are isotropic bebskite expressed by the above general formula. There are cases where it consists only of type compounds (first KNN compounds) and cases where other elements are actively added or replaced. In the former case, it is desirable to consist only of the first KNN compound, but it is possible to maintain the crystal structure of the isotropic mouth buxite type and adversely affect various characteristics such as sintering characteristics and piezoelectric characteristics. Other elements or other phases may be included as long as they do not affect.
- the raw material for producing the above-mentioned crystal orientation piezoelectric ceramic impurities contained in the industrial raw material having a purity of 99% to 99.9% available on the market are unavoidable.
- the N b 2 ⁇ 5 which is one of raw materials for the crystal-oriented piezoelectric ceramic, as impurities derived from raw ore or process, up to T a is 0.1 less than 1 wt%, F is 0. 1-5 May contain less than wt%.
- Bi is used in the manufacturing process, it is inevitable to mix it.
- the apparent dynamic Resonance-driven actuate overnight due to reduced temperature dependence of capacitance, increased displacement, and decreased dielectric loss ta ⁇ ⁇ and increased mechanical quality factor Q m Preferred characteristics are obtained.
- the specific crystal plane of each crystal grain constituting the polycrystal having the isotropic belobite compound represented by the above general formula as the main phase is oriented.
- the specific crystal plane oriented in the crystal grains is preferably a pseudo cubic ⁇ 1 0 0 ⁇ plane.
- “Pseudo-cubic ⁇ HKL ⁇ ” means that the isotropic perovskite ⁇ -type compound has a slightly distorted structure from cubic, such as tetragonal, orthorhombic, and trigonal crystals. Because it is a little, it is regarded as a cubic crystal and Miller index is displayed.
- the displacement of the piezoelectric actuator can be increased, and the temperature dependence of the apparent dynamic capacity can be reduced.
- pseudo cubic ⁇ 1 0 0 ⁇ plane is oriented + 3 ⁇ 4a A
- the degree of surface orientation can be expressed by the average degree of orientation F (H K L) by the ⁇ --------------------
- ⁇ I (hk 1) is the sum of X-ray diffraction intensities of all crystal planes (hk 1) measured for the crystal-oriented piezoelectric ceramic
- ⁇ I. (Hk 1) is the value measured for non-oriented ceramics with the same composition as the crystal-oriented piezoelectric ceramics. This is the sum of the X-ray diffraction intensities of all crystal planes (hk 1).
- ⁇ 'I (HKL) is the sum of X-ray diffraction intensities of specific crystallographically equivalent crystal planes (HKL) measured for crystal-oriented piezoelectric ceramics.
- ⁇ ' I 0 (HK L) Is the sum of X-ray diffraction intensities of specific crystallographically equivalent crystal planes (HKL) measured for non-oriented ceramics with the same composition as the crystal-oriented piezoelectric ceramic.
- the average degree of orientation F (HKL) is 0%.
- the (HKL) planes of all the crystal grains constituting the polycrystal are oriented parallel to the measurement plane, the average degree of orientation F (HKL) is 100%.
- the higher the ratio of oriented crystal grains the higher the characteristics.
- the average orientation degree F (HKL) according to the Lotgering method expressed by the above formula 1 is used. Is preferably 30% or more, more preferably 50% or more, and even more preferably 70% or more.
- the specific crystal plane to be oriented is preferably a plane perpendicular to the polarization axis.
- the specific crystal plane to be oriented is preferably the agglomeration ⁇ 1 0 0 ⁇ plane.
- the above-mentioned crystal-oriented piezoelectric ceramic has a degree of orientation of the pseudo-cubic ⁇ 1 0 0 ⁇ plane by lottering of 30% or more and in a temperature range of 10 to 160 ° C. It is preferable that the crystal system is a tetragonal crystal (claim 2).
- the degree of orientation cannot be defined by the same degree of orientation as the plane orientation (Equation 1).
- the average orientation degree (axis orientation degree) according to the Lotgering method for (HKL) diffraction when X-ray diffraction is performed on a plane perpendicular to the orientation axis. ) Can be used to express the degree of axial orientation.
- the degree of axial orientation of a compact in which a specific crystal plane is almost completely axially oriented is the same as the degree of axial orientation measured for a compact in which a specific crystal plane is almost perfectly plane-oriented. .
- Piezoelectric actuator using the above crystal-oriented piezoelectric ceramic as a driving source
- the electric field strength is 10 V / mm or more, and the electric field driving condition has a constant amplitude of
- the amount of dynamic strain D 3 3 generated at 2 can be set to 2 50 pm / V or more.
- a piezoelectric ceramic using the crystal-oriented piezoelectric ceramic as a drive source In the temperature range of 30 to 1600 ° C, Chiyue Ichibata has an apparent dynamic capacity fluctuation range that occurs under electric field drive conditions with a constant amplitude of 10 O VZmm or more, ( When the reference value is (maximum value minus minimum value) / 2, it can be ⁇ 35% or less. Furthermore, by optimizing the composition and process, it can be adjusted to ⁇ 32% or less, further ⁇ 30% or less, and soil 28% or less.
- the apparent dynamic capacity fluctuation range generated under electric field drive conditions with a constant amplitude of electric field strength of 100 V Zmm or more is (maximum value 1 (Minimum value)
- 2 When 2 is used as the reference value, it can be ⁇ 1% or less. If the composition and process are further optimized, it can be ⁇ 9% or less, further ⁇ 7% or less, further ⁇ 5% or less, and further ⁇ 4% or less. Therefore, when the constant charge drive and constant energy drive are used, an effective circuit with low temperature dependence of the terminal voltage can be obtained.
- the piezoelectric actuator Ichiyu using the crystal-oriented piezoelectric ceramic as a drive source has an electric field strength of a constant amplitude of 100 V Zmm or more in the temperature range of 30 to 160 ° C.
- the fluctuation range of the displacement / apparent dynamic capacity that occurs under the driving condition can be ⁇ 35% or less, where (maximum value – minimum value) / 2 is the reference value.
- it can be reduced to ⁇ 30% or less, and further ⁇ 25% or less.
- the fluctuation range of the displacement / apparent dynamic capacity that occurs under the electric field drive condition with a constant amplitude of electric field strength of 100 V / mm or more is
- the reference value is (maximum value minus minimum value) / 2
- it can be ⁇ 12% or less.
- by optimizing the composition and process it can be ⁇ 9% or less, and further ⁇ 7% or less. Therefore, temperature dependence of displacement in constant charge driving is small. You can get a great evening.
- the piezoelectric actuator Ichiyu which uses the above crystal oriented piezoelectric ceramics as a drive source, has an electric field drive with a constant amplitude of more than 100 VZmm in the temperature range of 30 to 160 ° C.
- the displacement width (apparent dynamic capacity) generated under the conditions 1)
- the fluctuation range of 5 can be ⁇ 20% or less when (maximum value – minimum value) / 2 is used as the reference value.
- it can be reduced to ⁇ 15% or less.
- the displacement / (apparent dynamic capacity) Q ′ that occurs under electric field driving conditions with a constant amplitude of electric field strength of 100 V / mm or more
- the fluctuation range of 5 can be ⁇ 1 2% or less when (maximum value – minimum value) / 2 is used as the reference value.
- the composition and process are optimized, it can be ⁇ 9% or less, and further ⁇ 7% or less. Therefore, it is possible to obtain an action that has a small temperature dependence of displacement in constant energy drive.
- piezoelectric actuators can be configured by combining the piezoelectric ceramic represented by 1) with other piezoelectric ceramics.
- the volume of 50% or more of the piezoelectric ceramic is composed of crystal-oriented piezoelectric ceramic represented by the above general formula (1), and the remaining less than 50% It can be composed of barium titanate-based piezoelectric ceramics.
- Piezoelectric actuators constructed using the above piezoelectric ceramics -Displacement, apparent dynamic capacity, displacement Z apparent dynamic capacity, generated under electric field driving conditions with a constant amplitude of electric field strength of 10 OV / mm or more in the temperature range of 30 to 80 ° C, Displacement / (apparent dynamic capacity) ⁇ ⁇
- the resistance is small in the temperature range of about 80 ° C or less, and about 80 ° C.
- a semiconductor element having a positive resistance temperature coefficient that increases the resistance in a high temperature region exceeding the temperature is electrically connected in parallel with the actuator, and the temperature of the PTC resistor and the temperature of the piezoelectric element are substantially equal. It can be seen that the arrangement should be as follows. In this way, a large amount of current flows through the PTC resistor below 80 ° C, and almost no current flows through the PTC resistor above 80 ° C. can do. As a result, over a wide temperature range from 30 to 160 ° C, the piezoelectric voltage is low and the temperature dependence of the displacement is small and the temperature dependence of the terminal voltage in constant charge driving and constant energy driving is small. Obtainable.
- the piezoelectric actuator overnight has a positive temperature coefficient of resistance.
- the PTC resistor and the piezoelectric ceramic having a negative resistance temperature coefficient are electrically connected in parallel, and the temperature of the PTC resistor and the piezoelectric ceramic is substantially equal. It is preferable to arrange them so that they are equal (claim 15).
- the substantially equal temperature means that the temperature difference between the piezoelectric ceramic (piezoelectric element) and the PTC resistor during driving of the piezoelectric actuator is within 40 ° C, more preferably within 30 ° C. More preferably, it is within 20 ° C, more preferably within 10 ° C.
- the positional relationship between the PTC resistor and the piezoelectric ceramics is different from that when the PTC resistor is installed between the lead terminals of the piezoelectric actuator.
- a PTC resistor is placed on a connector that is a single component.
- the resistance temperature characteristic of the PTC resistor is preferably a barium titanate-based semiconductor element whose resistance value rapidly increases at a high temperature exceeding about 80 ° C. That is, the PTC resistor is a barium titanate semiconductor, and preferably has a positive resistance temperature coefficient in a temperature region of 80 ° C. or more (claim 16).
- the insulating property of the PTC semiconductor at a temperature of 80 ° C. or higher is further improved, so that the leakage current flowing in the parallel circuit of the inductor and the PTC element can be reduced.
- the resistance value of a barium titanate semiconductor whose resistance increases rapidly at 80 ° C or higher does not contain lead, a high-temperature shift additive at its curie temperature, it must not contain lead even in the event of evening. Therefore, it is more preferable.
- the resistance value of the PTC resistor is low, the voltage applied to the actuator will decrease, so the resistance value of the PTC resistor will be the impedance of the piezoelectric actuator overnight when the piezoelectric actuator is driven. It is desirable that it be sufficiently larger than that.
- the PTC resistor may or may not self-heat as the piezoelectric actuator is driven.
- self-heating occurs, for example, by placing a PTC resistor at a position where heat conduction to the piezoelectric element is likely to occur, it can act as a temperature switch, and the minimum use temperature of the stack can be increased. In other words, by narrowing the operating temperature range, it is possible to substantially reduce the fluctuation range of the apparent dynamic capacity of the actual overnight.
- barium titanate-based semiconductor elements are suitable because they have a constant temperature heat resistance that rapidly increases with the Curie temperature.
- the piezoelectric actuator overnight preferably has a laminated piezoelectric ceramics in which a plurality of piezoelectric ceramics are laminated as the piezoelectric ceramic, and is used for a fuel injection valve.
- the piezoelectric actuator 1 includes, for example, a piezoelectric element 2 having a piezoelectric ceramic, a holding member 4 that holds the piezoelectric element, a housing member 3 that stores the piezoelectric element, etc., and displacement of the piezoelectric element. And a transmission member 5 for transmission.
- piezoelectric element 2 As shown in FIG. 38 to be described later, for example, a laminated piezoelectric element in which a plurality of piezoelectric ceramics 2 1 and internal electrodes 2 2 and 2 3 are alternately laminated can be used. .
- piezoelectric element a single-plate piezoelectric element configured by sandwiching one piezoelectric ceramic between two internal electrodes can be used (not shown).
- a pair of external electrodes 25 and 26 are formed on the side surface of the piezoelectric element 2, and two adjacent internal electrodes 2 2 and 2 3 in the piezoelectric element 2 are different from each other in the external electrodes 2 5 and 2. 6 is electrically connected.
- a transmission member 5 such as a piston is disposed at one end of the piezoelectric element 2 in the stacking direction.
- a disc spring 5 5 is disposed between the housing 3 and the transmission member 5, and a preset load is applied to the piezoelectric element 2.
- the transmission member 5 is movable in accordance with the displacement of the piezoelectric element 2, and can transmit the displacement to the outside.
- the housing 3 is provided with moving holes 3 1 and 3 2. Terminals (lead wires) 6 1 and 6 2 for supplying electric charges from the outside are inserted into the movement holes 3 1 and 3 2, and the airtightness in the housing 3 is improved by the grommets 3 1 and 3 2. It has a structure to keep.
- the terminals 6 1 and 6 2 are electrically connected to external terminals 2 5 and 2 6 provided on the piezoelectric element 2.
- an O-ring 35 is arranged between the piston member 5 and the housing 3 so that the airtightness in the housing 3 is maintained and the piston member 5 can be expanded and contracted. It is.
- the piezoelectric actuator overnight can be used for a fuel injection valve, for example.
- a piezoelectric element having piezoelectric ceramics is manufactured, and a piezoelectric actuator is manufactured using the piezoelectric element.
- the piezoelectric actuator 11 is manufactured using the jig 8 as a model of the piezoelectric actuator 11. That is, the piezoelectric actuator 11 of this example has a laminated piezoelectric element 2 using a piezoelectric ceramic as a drive source, and the piezoelectric element 2 is fixed to a jig 8.
- the jig 8 includes a housing 8 1 for housing the piezoelectric element 2, and a piston (connection member) 8 2 that is connected to the piezoelectric element 2 and transmits the displacement of the piezoelectric element 2.
- the piston 8 2 is connected to the guide 8 3 through the pan panel 8 5.
- a pedestal portion 8 15 is provided in the housing 8 1, and the piezoelectric element 2 is disposed on the pedestal portion 8 15.
- the piezoelectric element 2 arranged on the pedestal portion 8 15 is fixed by the head portion 8 2 1 of the piston 8 2.
- a preset load can be applied from the pan panel 85 to the piezoelectric element 2.
- the end portion (measurement portion 8 8) opposite to the head portion 8 2 1 of the piston 8 2 can move in accordance with the displacement of the piezoelectric element 2.
- the method of applying the preset load will be described.
- insert a cylindrical push rod (not shown) into the gap between the piston 8 2 and the push screw 84, and mark the correct load on the guide 83 with Amsler. It is obtained by adding.
- the push screw 8 4 and the housing 8 1 are fixed with the load applied. Thereafter, the push rod is removed.
- the reason for producing the piezoelectric actuator overnight model is to evaluate the temperature characteristics of the displacement of the piezoelectric actuator overnight.
- the portion below the dotted line is placed inside the thermostatic chamber in the piezoelectric actuator 11 shown in Fig. 37.
- a heat insulating material 86 is provided in the piezoelectric actuator overnight.
- the piezoelectric element 2 is composed of a laminated piezoelectric element in which piezoelectric ceramics 21 and internal electrode plates 2 2 and 2 3 are alternately laminated.
- alumina plates 2 45 are disposed at both ends of the piezoelectric element 2 in the stacking direction.
- two external electrodes 25 and 2 6 are formed on the side surface of the piezoelectric element 2 so as to sandwich the piezoelectric element.
- the external electrodes 2 5 and 2 6 are connected to the lead wires 6 1 and 6 2. ing.
- the internal electrode plates 2 2 and 2 3 and the external electrodes 2 5 and 2 6 are composed of the external electrodes 2 5 and 2 having different potentials from the two adjacent internal electrodes 2 2 and 2 3 in the piezoelectric element 2. Electrically connected to connect to 6.
- piezoelectric element 2 of this example a total of 40 piezoelectric ceramics 21 are laminated.
- FIG. The figure in which the number of layers is omitted is shown.
- a piezoelectric element is manufactured as follows.
- the obtained mixture is put into a platinum crucible and heated under the condition of 85 ° C.X1 hr to completely dissolve the flux, and further heated under the condition of 1100 ° CX 2 hr. and, B i 2. 5 N a 3. 5 N b 5 ⁇ , it was synthesized 8.
- the rate of temperature increase was 200 ° C / hr, and the temperature was lowered by furnace cooling. After cooling, the flux was removed by hot water washing from the reaction, to obtain B i 2. 5 N a 3 .
- the resulting B i 2. 5 N a 3 . 5 N b 5 ⁇ 18 powder was a platelike powder with the developed plane of ⁇ 0 0 1 ⁇ plane.
- the resulting reactant contains B i 2 0 3 in addition to Na N b 0 3 powder, so after removing the flux from the reactant, this is added to HN 0 3 (1 N). put to dissolve B i 2 ⁇ 3 produced as a surplus component. Further, this solution was filtered to separate Na 3 NbO 3 powder, and washed with 8 0 ion-exchanged water.
- the obtained N a N b 0 3 powder has a pseudo-cubic ⁇ 1 0 0 ⁇ plane as the development plane, the particle size is 1 0 3 0 ⁇ , and the gap ratio is about 1 0 2 0 Plate-like powder.
- the mixed slurry was formed into a tape shape having a thickness of about 100 m using a tape forming apparatus. Further, this tape was laminated, pressed and rolled to obtain a plate-like molded body having a thickness of 1.5 mm. Next, the obtained plate-like molded body was heated in the atmosphere at a heating temperature of 60 ° C., a heating time of 5 hours, a heating rate of 50 ° C / hr, and a cooling rate of furnace cooling. Degreasing was performed below. Further, the degreased plate-like molded body was subjected to a CIP treatment with a pressure of 300 MPa, and then sintered in oxygen at 110 ° C for 5 hours. In this way, a piezoelectric ceramic (crystal-oriented piezoelectric ceramic) was produced.
- the obtained disk-shaped sample was processed to a diameter of 8.5 mm by cylindrical grinding for the purpose of removing the several micrometer bulges on the outer periphery of the electrode inevitably formed by printing. After that, polarization treatment was performed in the vertical direction to obtain a piezoelectric element (single plate) 20 in which the entire surface electrode 2 10 was formed on the piezoelectric ceramic 2 1.
- the piezoelectric strain constant (d 31 ), the electromechanical coupling coefficient (kp), the mechanical quality factor (Qm), and the dielectric constant ( ⁇ 33 1 ⁇ 0 ), which are dielectric properties, are obtained.
- dielectric loss (ta ⁇ ⁇ ) were measured by resonance anti-resonance method at a temperature of 25 ° C.
- the first crystal phase transition temperature (Curie temperature) and the second crystal phase transition temperature were determined by measuring the temperature characteristics of the relative permittivity.
- the second crystal phase transition temperature is 0 ° C or lower, the variation range of the relative dielectric constant on the higher temperature side than the second crystal phase transition temperature is very small.
- the temperature at which the relative permittivity bends was taken as the second crystal phase transition temperature.
- a laminated piezoelectric element was produced using the piezoelectric element obtained above, and a piezoelectric actuator was constructed using the piezoelectric element, and the evaluation was performed.
- the piezoelectric element 20 obtained as described above and a SUS made of SUS having a thickness of 0.02 mm and a diameter of 8.4 mm having projections for connecting to external electrodes described later.
- the internal electrode plates 2 2 (2 3) were laminated alternately. At this time, the internal electrode plates 2 2 (2 3) are arranged so that the protrusions of the internal electrode plates 2 2 (2 3) are alternately arranged in different directions in the stacking direction and are aligned in the same direction every other layer. Arranged.
- a laminated piezoelectric element 2 was fabricated by laminating alumina plates (insulating plates) with a diameter of 8.5 mm as shown in Fig. 38.
- the strip-shaped SUS external electrodes 2 5 and 2 6 are welded to the protrusions of the internal electrode plates 2 2 and 2 3 so that the piezoelectric elements are electrically connected in parallel, and the lead terminals 6 1 and 6 2 were prepared, and the external electrodes 2 5 and 2 6 were electrically connected to the lead terminals 6 1 and 6 2.
- the laminated piezoelectric element 2 was formed by coating with silicone grease and coating the laminated body with a holding member 4 made of an insulating tube.
- Displacement measurement is a trapezoidal wave drive with a frequency of 0.5 Hz and 10 Hz, a voltage rise time of 1 5 0 s, a voltage fall time of 1 5 0 s, and a duty ratio of 5 0: 50
- the displacement observed under the conditions was measured with a capacitive displacement sensor.
- the apparent dynamic capacity is measured by connecting an 8 7 8 F capacitor in series with the piezoelectric actuator Ichiyu so that the temperature is always 25 ° C.
- Applied voltage 4 8 5, 7 2 8, 9 70 V, frequency: 0.05 Hz, voltage rise time: 1 ms, voltage fall time: 1 ms, voltage ON time: 10 s, voltage OFF time: 10 s, constant voltage
- the terminal voltage of the capacitor observed under trapezoidal wave driving conditions was measured and obtained by calculation using the following equation 11.
- the fluctuation range in the temperature range of 130 to 80 ° C and the fluctuation range in the temperature range of -30 to 160 ° C were obtained.
- the fluctuation range is a value based on (maximum value minus minimum value) / 2 as a reference value.
- the relative density of the crystallographically-oriented ceramic obtained in this example was 95% or more.
- the pseudo cubic ⁇ 1 0 0 ⁇ plane is oriented parallel to the tape surface, and the average orientation degree of the pseudo cubic ⁇ 1 0 0 ⁇ plane by the lottering method is 88.5%. Reached.
- apparent dynamic capacity, frequency 0.5 Hz displacement, displacement / apparent dynamic capacity, displacement ⁇ (apparent dynamic capacity) ⁇ ⁇ 5 — 3 0 to 80 ° C temperature Within the range of temperature and the temperature range of 30 ° C to 160 ° C.
- the fluctuation ranges are shown in Table 12.2, Table 13.3, Table 14.4, and Table 15.5, respectively.
- Table 1 1, Table 1 2, Table 1 3, and Table 14 in this example it is-3 0 to 80 ° C.
- the maximum displacement fluctuation range was when the drive electric field amplitude was 1500 V / mm, and the fluctuation range was ⁇ 3.8%.
- the maximum value of the fluctuation range of the apparent dynamic capacity was when the drive electric field amplitude was 100 0 V / mm, and the fluctuation range was ⁇ 3.2%.
- the maximum value of the fluctuation range of the displacement was when the drive electric field amplitude was 200,000 VZmm, and the fluctuation range was ⁇ 7.7%.
- the maximum fluctuation range of the dynamic capacity was when the drive electric field amplitude was 100 OV / mm, and the fluctuation range was 28.9%.
- Displacement Z The maximum fluctuation width of the apparent dynamic capacity was when the drive electric field amplitude was 100 O VZmm, and the fluctuation width was ⁇ 27.8%. • Displacement / (apparent dynamic capacity) ⁇ ⁇ The maximum fluctuation range of 5 is the driving electric field The amplitude is 10 0 O VZmm, and the fluctuation range is ⁇ 13.8%.
- Example 1 According to the same procedure as in Example 1, except that the firing temperature of the degreased plate-like molded body was set to 110 ° C. ⁇ Li. .0 7 ( ⁇ .. 45 N a .. 55 ) Q. 93 ⁇ ⁇ N b 0. 8 2 T a 0.! 0 S b 0. 08 ⁇ ⁇ Crystalline oriented ceramics with 3 composition were prepared. With respect to the obtained crystallographically-oriented ceramic, under the same conditions as in Example 1, the sintered body density, average degree of orientation, and piezoelectric characteristics were evaluated. In addition, according to the same procedure as in Example 1, 40 piezoelectric laminates were manufactured and the characteristics were evaluated.
- the relative density of the crystallographically-oriented ceramic obtained in this example was 95% or more.
- the pseudo cubic ⁇ 1 0 0 ⁇ plane is oriented parallel to the tape surface, and the average orientation degree of the pseudo cubic ⁇ 1 0 0 ⁇ plane by the Lotgering method is 94.6% Reached.
- the piezoelectric 1 31 constant was 8 8.
- the electromechanical coupling coefficient kp was 4 8. 9%
- the mechanical quality factor Qm was 1 6.
- relative permittivity ⁇ 33 ⁇ / ⁇ . was 1 0 7 1 and the dielectric loss tan S was 4.7%.
- the first crystal phase transition temperature (Curie temperature) determined from the temperature characteristics of the relative permittivity was 2 56 ° C
- the second crystal phase transition temperature was 1 35 ° C.
- Table 2 Fig. 4, Fig. 5, Fig. 6, Fig. 6, Table 11, Table 12, Table 13 and Table 14 show the characteristics of this example.
- the minimum value of the dynamic strain D 3 3 in the temperature range of 30 to 80 ° C and the fluctuation range of the above characteristics are as follows. I understood that.
- the maximum fluctuation range of the apparent dynamic capacity was when the drive electric field amplitude was 100 0 V Vmm, and the fluctuation range was ⁇ 6.3%.
- the maximum displacement fluctuation range was when the drive electric field amplitude was 20 0 0 V / mm, and the fluctuation range was ⁇ 13.8%.
- the maximum fluctuation width of the dynamic capacity was when the drive electric field amplitude was 1500 V / mm, and the fluctuation width was ⁇ 3 1.4%.
- the maximum fluctuation range at displacement Z (apparent dynamic capacity) ° ⁇ 5 is when the drive electric field amplitude is 10 0 O VZmm, and the fluctuation range was ⁇ 13.3%
- Example 2 Following the same procedure as in Example 1 except that the calcining temperature of the plate-shaped body after degreasing was set to 1 105 ° C. ⁇ L i Q 65 ( ⁇ . 45 N a .. 55 ) Q. 935 ⁇ ⁇ N b. 83 Ta. . 9 S b Q 8 ⁇ ⁇ Crystal orientation ceramics with 3 composition Box was made. Examples of obtained crystallographically oriented ceramics
- the relative density of the crystal orientation ceramic obtained in this example was 95% or more.
- the pseudo cubic ⁇ 1 0 0 ⁇ plane is oriented parallel to the tape surface, and the average orientation degree of the pseudo cubic ⁇ 1 0 0 ⁇ plane by the lot-getting method is 9 3. 9 % Reached.
- piezoelectric 31 constant is 95.2 p mZV, electromechanical coupling coefficient kp is 50.4%, mechanical quality factor Qm is 15 9, relative permittivity ⁇ 33 ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ was 1 1 5 5 and dielectric loss tan ⁇ 5 was 5.2%
- the first crystal phase transition temperature obtained from the temperature characteristics of relative permittivity The temperature (Curie temperature) was 2 61 ° C and the second crystal phase transition temperature was 1 12 ° C.
- Table 3 Fig. 7, Fig. 8, Fig. 9, Fig. 11, Table 11, Table 12, 2, Table 13, and Table 14 show the characteristics of the piezoelectric actuator overnight.
- the minimum value of the dynamic strain D 3 3 in the temperature range of 30 to 80 ° C and the fluctuation range of the above characteristics are as follows. That's it.
- the maximum fluctuation range of the apparent dynamic capacity was when the drive electric field amplitude was 100 0 VZmm, and the fluctuation range was ⁇ 5.2%.
- the maximum displacement fluctuation range was when the drive electric field amplitude was 1500 V / mm, and the fluctuation range was ⁇ 11.5%.
- the maximum value of the fluctuation range of the dynamic capacity is when the drive electric field amplitude is 100 O VZmm, and the fluctuation range is ⁇ 34.6%.
- Displacement Z The maximum fluctuation width of the apparent dynamic capacity was when the drive electric field amplitude was 100 O VZmm, and the fluctuation width was ⁇ 27.1%. , Displacement Z (apparent dynamic capacity) ⁇ ⁇ The maximum fluctuation range of 5 is when the drive electric field amplitude is 100 OV / mm, and the fluctuation range is ⁇ 1 0.9%
- Example 2 a crystal-oriented piezoelectric ceramic having the same composition as in Example 1 was produced by a procedure different from that in Example 1, and a piezoelectric actuator was produced using the crystal-oriented piezoelectric ceramic.
- N a N b 0 3 plate-like powder is first produced in Example 1, non-plate-like N a N b 0 3 powder, KN B_ ⁇ 3 powder, KT A_ ⁇ 3 powder, L i S B_ ⁇ 3 powders and Na S b 0 3 powders, ⁇ Li. .. 7 (K 0. 43 N a 0. 5 ⁇ ) o. 93 ⁇ ⁇ b 0. 84 T a 0. O 9 S b 0. O? ⁇
- ⁇ 3 composition an organic solvent as a solvent Wet mixing was performed for 20 hours.
- N a N b 0 3 plate powder is such that 5 wt% of the A site element of the first KNN solid solution (AB 0 3 ) synthesized from the starting material is N a N b 0 3 plate. The amount supplied from the powder.
- N a N B_ ⁇ 3 powder, KN B_ ⁇ 3 powder, KT A_ ⁇ 3 powder, L i S B_ ⁇ 3 powder and N a S B_ ⁇ 3 powder having a purity of 9 9.9% K 2 C_ ⁇ 3 powder, N a 2 C 0 3 powder, with N b 2 ⁇ 5 powder, T a 2 ⁇ 5 powder and Z or S b 2 ⁇ 5 powder mixture containing a predetermined amount of 7 5 0 ° C 5
- the reaction product was prepared by a solid phase method in which the reaction product was heated for a period of time and pulverized.
- the mixed slurry was formed into a tape having a thickness of about 100 xm using a tape forming apparatus. Further, this tape was laminated, pressed and rolled to obtain a plate-like molded body having a thickness of 1.5 mm. Next, the obtained plate-shaped molded body was heated in the atmosphere at a heating temperature of 60 ° C., a heating time of 5 hours, a heating rate of 50 ° C / hr, and a cooling rate of furnace cooling. Degreasing was performed below.
- the relative density of the crystallographically-oriented ceramic obtained in this example was 95% or more.
- the pseudo cubic ⁇ 1 0 0 ⁇ plane is oriented parallel to the tape surface, and the average degree of orientation of the pseudo cubic ⁇ 1 0 0 ⁇ plane by the Lottgering method reaches 96%. .
- the piezoelectric 01 31 constant was 96.5 pm / V
- the electromechanical coupling factor kp was 5 1.9%
- the mechanical quality factor Qm was 1 5 2.
- Relative permittivity ⁇ 33 ⁇ / ⁇ . was 10 7 9 and the dielectric loss tand was 4.7%.
- the first crystal phase transition temperature Curie temperature
- the second crystal phase transition temperature was -28 ° C.
- Table 4 Fig. 10, Fig. 10, Fig. 11, Fig. 12, Table 11, Table 12, Table 13, and Table 14 show the characteristics of this example.
- the minimum value of the dynamic strain D 3 3 in the temperature range of 30 to 80 ° C and the fluctuation range of the above characteristics are as follows. I understood that.
- the maximum fluctuation width of the apparent dynamic capacity was when the drive electric field amplitude was 200 0 V / mm, and the fluctuation width was ⁇ 6.1%.
- the maximum value of the fluctuation range of the apparent dynamic capacity of the displacement was when the drive electric field amplitude was 1 O O O VZmm, and the fluctuation range was ⁇ 8.0%.
- Displacement (apparent dynamic capacity)
- the maximum value of the fluctuation width of Q ' 5 is when the drive electric field amplitude is 100 OV / mm, and the fluctuation width is ⁇ 6.7%.
- the maximum displacement fluctuation range was when the drive electric field amplitude was 200 000 VZmm, and the fluctuation range was 9.4% soil.
- the maximum value of the fluctuation range of the dynamic capacity was when the drive electric field amplitude was 2 00 V / mm, and the fluctuation range was ⁇ 28.4%.
- the maximum variation of the displacement / apparent dynamic capacity is 1 for the driving electric field amplitude. This is the case of 0 0 0 V / mm, and the fluctuation range was ⁇ 32.4%.
- the maximum fluctuation width of displacement / (apparent dynamic capacity) ⁇ 5 is when the drive electric field amplitude is 10 0 O VZmm, and the fluctuation width is ⁇ 19.5%.
- Example 3 a composition of Example 3, ⁇ L i 0. 065 ( K 0 .45 a 0. 55). 935 ⁇ ⁇ N b o. 8 3 Ta. 9 S b 0 .Q 8 ⁇ O 3 1 mo
- Piezoelectric ceramics (crystal-oriented piezoelectric ceramics) with a composition in which Mn is added to 0.0 0 0 5 mo 1 externally to 1 were fabricated, and piezoelectric ceramics were manufactured using the piezoelectric ceramics. .
- a crystal orientation ceramic having a composition of 0. 0 0 0 5 mo 1 was prepared. With respect to the obtained crystal orientation ceramic, the sintered body density, average orientation degree, and piezoelectric properties were evaluated under the same conditions as in Example 1. did. In addition, using the same procedure as in Example 1, 40 layers of stacked actuators were made. The product overnight characteristics were evaluated. In addition, the electrostatic capacitance was evaluated under the conditions that the amplitude of the electric field intensity was 2 V Zmm (Soil IV), a sin wave, and a frequency of 1 kHz.
- the relative density of the crystallographically-oriented ceramic obtained in this example was 95% or more.
- the pseudo cubic ⁇ 1 0 0 ⁇ plane is oriented parallel to the tape surface, and the average orientation degree of the pseudo cubic ⁇ 1 0 0 ⁇ plane by the lot-galling method is 89.6. % Reached. Furthermore, as a result of evaluating the piezoelectric characteristics at a temperature of 25 ° C, piezoelectric (1 3
- the first crystal phase transition temperature (curry temperature) obtained from the temperature characteristics of the relative permittivity was 26 3 ° C, and the second crystal phase transition temperature was – 15 ° C.
- the minimum value of dynamic strain D 3 3 in the temperature range of _ 30 to 80 ° C and the fluctuation range of the above characteristics are as follows. I understood that.
- the maximum displacement fluctuation range was when the drive electric field amplitude was 100 0 VZmm, and the fluctuation range was ⁇ 10.4%.
- the maximum fluctuation width of the apparent dynamic capacity was when the drive electric field amplitude was 100 0 V Vmm, and the fluctuation width was 4.9% on the soil.
- Displacement Z The maximum fluctuation range of the apparent dynamic capacity is 1 for the driving electric field amplitude.
- the maximum displacement fluctuation range was when the drive electric field amplitude was 10 0 0 0 VZmm, and the fluctuation range was ⁇ 1 1.8%.
- the maximum fluctuation range of the dynamic capacity was when the drive electric field amplitude was 100 O VZmm, and the fluctuation range was ⁇ 2 6.9%.
- Displacement The maximum value of the apparent dynamic capacity fluctuation range was when the drive electric field amplitude was 100 O VZmm, and the fluctuation range was ⁇ 2 1.3%.
- Displacement Z (apparent dynamic capacity) Q ' 5 has a maximum fluctuation range when the drive electric field amplitude is 100 OV / mm and the fluctuation range is ⁇ 12.4%.
- the capacitance of the piezoelectric actuator overnight in this example will be described.
- the capacitance of the piezoelectric actuator overnight in this example is smaller than the apparent dynamic capacitance in the range of -30 to 160 ° C. Value.
- the fluctuation range in the range of 30 to 80 C is ⁇ 4.8%, and the electric field strength 1 It was almost the same as the fluctuation range of the apparent dynamic capacity at 0 0 0 VZ mm.
- the fluctuation range in the range of 130 to 160 ° C is ⁇ 5.2%, which is much smaller than the apparent dynamic capacity fluctuation range.
- the difference between the dynamic capacitance and the capacitance is thought to be dominated by the difference in electric field strength.
- the cause of the difference in the fluctuation range is that the apparent dynamic capacity increases due to the increase in the leakage current at an electric field strength of 100 V 0 mm or higher in a high temperature range of 80 ° C or higher.
- the field strength of 2 V / mm there is almost no leakage current and the capacitance does not increase.
- the piezoelectric actuator Ichiya of this example has an apparent dynamic in a wide temperature range of 1.3 to 160 ° C by reducing the driving electric field strength to less than 100 O VZ mm. It was found that the fluctuation range of the capacity can be reduced. The achievable level is considered to be about the same as the temperature characteristic of capacitance.
- This comparative example is an example of a multilayered actuator that uses tetragonal PZT material that is an intermediate characteristic between the soft and hard systems (semi-hard), suitable for laminated actuators for automotive fuel injection valves.
- the soft system is a material having Q m of 100 or less
- the hard system is a material having Q m of 100 or more.
- a stacked actuator for a fuel injection valve is used for constant voltage control, constant energy control or constant charge control, and controls fuel spray by opening and closing the valve by trapezoidal wave drive. is there. The fact that it is required to have high displacement performance and low temperature characteristics of displacement in each control method.
- a binder polyvinyl propylal
- a plasticizer butyl benzyl phthalate
- the mixed slurry was formed into a tape shape having a thickness of about 100 m using a tape forming apparatus. Further, this tape was laminated and thermocompression bonded to obtain a plate-like molded body having a thickness of 1.2 mm. Next, the obtained plate-like molded body was degreased in the air. Furthermore, the degreased plate-like molded body was placed on an MgO plate in an alumina mortar and sintered in the atmosphere at 1170 ° C. for 2 hours. The subsequent procedure, using the A g paste as an electrode material, is to be the same as that of Example 1 except that baked.
- the relative density of the piezoelectric ceramic of this comparative example was 95% or more.
- the piezoelectric d 31 constant is 1 5 8.
- the electromechanical coupling coefficient kp is 60.2%
- the mechanical quality factor Qm is 5 4
- relative permittivity 6 3 3 1 / £. was 1 7 0 1
- the dielectric loss ta ⁇ ⁇ was 0.2%.
- the minimum value of the dynamic strain amount D 33 in the temperature range of 130 to 70 and the fluctuation range of the above characteristics are as follows. I understood it. 'Minimum value of dynamic strain D 3 3 is when drive electric field amplitude is 2 0 0 0 V V mm, and 1 5 0 O VZmm and temperature is ⁇ 30 ° C, and at 5 5 3 pm ZV there were.
- the maximum displacement fluctuation range was ⁇ 5.6% when the drive electric field amplitude was 20 0 O VZmm.
- the maximum fluctuation width of the apparent dynamic capacity is ⁇ 14.5% when the drive electric field amplitude is 15 500 V / mm.
- Displacement Z The maximum fluctuation range of the apparent dynamic capacity is 1 for the driving electric field amplitude.
- the minimum value of the dynamic strain amount D 3 3 is when the drive electric field amplitude is 2.0 0 0 V / mm and 15 0 OV / mm and the temperature is 30 ° C, and 5 5 3 ⁇ m / V.
- the maximum displacement fluctuation range was ⁇ 1 1.1% when the drive electric field amplitude was 2 00 V / mm.
- This Comparative Example 2 is an example of a multilayered stack using a soft rhombohedral PZT material suitable for positioning of a stacked layered system for semiconductor manufacturing equipment with small environmental temperature changes. Laminated stacks for positioning are used in places where environmental temperature changes are small, so high displacement performance is required, but it is not necessary to have excellent temperature characteristics.
- a molded body of 15 and 2 mm thick was obtained by dry press molding using a mold.
- the obtained disk-shaped molded body was degreased in the air.
- CIP treatment was applied to the plate-shaped body after degreasing with pressure: 20 OMPa, it was placed on an Mg plate in an alumina pot and placed at 1 260 ° C in the atmosphere. Time sintering was performed.
- the subsequent procedure is the same as in Comparative Example 1.
- the relative density of the piezoelectric ceramic of this comparative example was 95% or more. Also, as a result of evaluating the piezoelectric characteristics at a temperature of 25 ° C, the piezoelectric d 31 constant was 2 1 2. 7 pm / V, the electromechanical coupling coefficient kp was 67.3%, and the mechanical quality factor Qm was 4 7.5, dielectric constant 5 3 3 1 / £. Was 1 94 3 and the induction loss ta ⁇ ⁇ was 2.1%.
- the minimum value of dynamic strain D 3 3 in the temperature range of 30 to 70 ° C and the fluctuation range of the above characteristics are as follows. I understood that.
- the minimum value of the dynamic strain amount D 3 3 was 4 8 2 pm / V when the drive electric field amplitude was 2 0 00 V Z mm and the temperature was 1 3 0 ° C.
- the maximum value of the fluctuation range of the apparent dynamic capacity is ⁇ 1 5.5% when the drive electric field amplitude is 15 500 VZmm.
- the minimum value of the dynamic strain amount D 3 3 was 4 8 2 pm / V when the drive electric field amplitude was 20 00 V Z mm and the temperature was 130 ° C.
- This comparative example 3 is an example of a multilayer stack that uses a soft tetragonal PZT material that is suitable for automotive knock sensors.
- the knock sensor detects the knocking of a gasoline engine by converting it into a voltage using the piezoelectric effect of piezoelectric ceramics, and does not have a function as an actuator.
- the relative density of the piezoelectric ceramic of this comparative example was 95% or more.
- the piezoelectric d 31 constant was 2 0 3. 4 1117 ⁇
- the electromechanical coupling coefficient was 62.0%
- the mechanical quality factor Q m was 5 5 8.
- Relative permittivity ⁇ 33 1 Z ⁇ . was 2 3 0 8 and the induction loss ta ⁇ ⁇ 5 was 1.4%.
- the minimum value of the dynamic strain D 33 in the temperature range of 30 to 70 ° C and the fluctuation range of the above characteristics are shown. I found out the following. • The minimum value of the dynamic strain amount D 3 3 is 6 6 3 pmZV when the drive electric field amplitude is 1.500 V / mm and the temperature is ⁇ 30 ° C.
- the minimum value of the dynamic strain amount D 3 3 was 6 6 3 pm / V when the drive electric field amplitude was 15 500 V nom and the temperature was ⁇ 30 ° C.
- the maximum fluctuation width of the apparent dynamic capacity is ⁇ 3 2.3% when the drive electric field amplitude is 15 500 V / mm. • Displacement The maximum fluctuation width of the apparent dynamic capacity was ⁇ 18.4% when the drive electric field amplitude was 15 500 V / mm.
- Comparative Example 4 is an example of a stacked stack using a semi-hard tetragonal PZT material suitable for high-power ultrasonic motors.
- the ultrasonic motor is a piezoelectric ceramic ring affixed on a stationary basis that is driven to resonate at a frequency of 10 kHz and rotates the mouth that is pressed in the stationary state. The fact that it is required to have relatively high displacement performance and excellent temperature characteristics of displacement.
- the relative density of the piezoelectric ceramic of this comparative example was 95% or more.
- the piezoelectric d 31 constant was 1 3 6.
- the electromechanical coupling coefficient kp was 5 7.9%
- the mechanical quality factor Qm was 8 5
- the relative dielectric constant 6 3 3 1/5 () was 1 5 4 5
- the dielectric loss ta eta ⁇ 5 is 0.2%.
- the minimum value of the dynamic strain amount D 3 3 in the temperature range of _ 30 to 70 ° C and the fluctuation range of the above characteristics are shown.
- the next thing was.
- the minimum value of the dynamic strain amount D 3 3 is that the drive electric field amplitude is 1 5 0 0 0 VZmm.
- the temperature was 1300 ° C. and was 40 9 pm / V.
- the maximum displacement fluctuation range was ⁇ 6.0% when the drive electric field amplitude was 2 0 00 VZmm.
- Displacement Z The maximum fluctuation width of the apparent dynamic capacity is 1 for the driving electric field amplitude.
- the minimum value of the dynamic strain amount D 3 3 was 40 9 pm / V when the drive electric field amplitude was 15 500 VZmm and the temperature was 130 ° C.
- the maximum value of the fluctuation range of the displacement is when the drive electric field amplitude is 15 500 V Z mm, and is ⁇ 15.2%.
- the maximum fluctuation width of the apparent dynamic capacity is ⁇ 36.7% when the drive electric field amplitude is 15 500 V / mm.
- Comparative Example 5 is a stacked actuate that uses a hard tetragonal PZT material suitable for a highly sensitive angular velocity sensor.
- the angular velocity sensor has both an accumulator function for resonantly driving a piezoelectric ceramic tuning fork at several kilohertz and a sensor function for detecting angular velocity.
- the fact that the displacement performance may be low, the temperature characteristic of the displacement is required to be small.
- the relative density of the piezoelectric ceramic of this comparative example was 95% or more. Also, as a result of evaluating the piezoelectric characteristics at a temperature of 25 ° C, the piezoelectric d 31 constant was 1 0 3.6 pm / V, the electromechanical coupling coefficient kp was 54.1%, and the mechanical quality factor Qm was 1 The relative dielectric constant £ 33 l / £ fl was 10 6 1 and the induction loss ta ⁇ ⁇ was 0.2%.
- the minimum value of the dynamic strain D 3 3 in the temperature range of 30 to 70 ° C and the fluctuation range of the above characteristics are shown. I found out the following. -The minimum value of the dynamic strain amount D 3 3 was 2 95 5 pm when the drive electric field amplitude was 15 500 VZmm and the temperature was 20 ° C. The minimum value of the dynamic strain amount D 3 3 was smaller than 30 3 pm / V in Example 1.
- the maximum fluctuation width of the apparent dynamic capacity is ⁇ 14.3% when the drive electric field amplitude is 15 500 VZmm.
- Displacement Z The maximum fluctuation range of the apparent dynamic capacity is 1 for the driving electric field amplitude.
- the minimum value of the dynamic strain amount D 3 3 is the drive electric field amplitude is 1 5 0 0 VZ mm
- the temperature was 20 ° C. and was 2 95 pm / V.
- the maximum displacement fluctuation range was ⁇ 1 1.1% when the drive electric field amplitude was 1550 OV / mm.
- Displacement Z The maximum fluctuation width of the apparent dynamic capacity was ⁇ 24.5% when the drive electric field amplitude was 1550 VZmm.
- Example 5 in order to examine whether the cause of the increase in the apparent dynamic capacity at 80 ° C or more is due to an increase in leakage current as in Example 5. Furthermore, the temperature characteristics of the dynamic capacity were evaluated using the piezoelectric ceramics (single plate) produced in Example 1, Example 4 and Comparative Example 1.
- the dynamic capacitance is measured by applying the following formula A when a high voltage with an electric field strength of 20 0 0 V / mm (0-9 70 V) is applied with a triangular wave with a frequency of 1 Hz. 9 was used to measure the amount of polarization from the polarization amount-voltage hysteresis loop, and based on this, the amount of injected charge in driving under a high electric field was calculated as the dynamic capacity.
- the single plate produced in Example 1 and Example 4 is in the temperature range of 80 ° C or higher.
- the phenomenon that the zero point of polarization drifts due to leakage current is observed. woke up. Therefore, in order to evaluate the hysteresis loop, the voltage unipolar characteristics observed by applying the voltage 10 times is corrected so that the polarization amount is zero when the voltage is equal to the opening, and Eliminates leakage current in models with linear resistors in parallel And obtained a hysteresis loop.
- the dynamic capacity obtained from this hysteresis loop is different from the apparent dynamic capacity, and the charge charge derived from the dielectric component, polarization inversion component, and polarization rotation component, excluding the leakage current, is divided by the applied voltage. Is. This hysteresis loop was repeated 10 times, and the average value of the maximum charge amount was defined as the polarization amount.
- the single plate produced in Comparative Example 1 did not exhibit a phenomenon that the zero point of polarization amount drifted even when voltage was repeatedly applied.
- the average value of the maximum charge amount observed by voltage application 10 times was used as the polarization amount as described above.
- the dynamic capacity of the veneer thus obtained is multiplied by 40, which is the number of elements per day, to obtain the apparent appearance of Actuary, manufactured in Example 1, Example 4, and Comparative Example 1.
- the results compared with the dynamic capacity are shown in Fig. 31, Fig. 32, and Fig. 33, respectively.
- the piezoelectric actuator according to the present invention will be It was found that the fluctuation range of the apparent dynamic capacity can be reduced even in a high electric field drive with a driving electric field strength of 200 V / mm in a wide temperature range of ⁇ 160 ° C.
- the achievable level It is considered that the temperature of the steel plate is about the same as the temperature characteristics of the dynamic capacity of a single plate.
- Example 5 by changing the driving electric field strength to less than 100 0 V / mm, the fluctuation range of the apparent dynamic capacity over a wide temperature range of 30 to 160 ° C Can be made smaller. However, when the driving electric field strength is reduced, the amount of dynamic strain is also reduced. In the present embodiment, the amount of dynamic strain when the drive electric field intensity of the actuary overnight of the present invention is reduced is obtained.
- FIG. 34 shows the relationship between the drive electric field strength of Actuary produced in Examples 1 to 5 and the amount of dynamic strain at 20 ° C. It was found that the dynamic strain amount was 2500 pm / V or more at the lower limit of 10 V / mm, which is the lower limit of the drive electric field strength necessary for the actuary. .
- the fluctuation range of displacement when the driving electric field strength lower than 100 V / mm is small and the amount of dynamic strain is small is obtained.
- the voltage applied to the piezoelectric actuator should be reduced, but in the piezoelectric actuator manufactured in this example, the displacement is small when the electric field strength is less than 500 V / mm. Measurement accuracy may deteriorate. In addition, its temperature characteristics are more difficult to evaluate. .
- the piezoelectric transverse strain constant d 3 i of a single plate was measured by the resonance method.
- Example 5 the fluctuation range of the piezoelectric d 31 constant of the single plate in the temperature range of 30 to 80 ° C. was ⁇ 7.8%. Further, the fluctuation range of the piezoelectric d 31 constant of the single plate in the temperature range of _30 to 160 ° C. was ⁇ 7.8% in Example 5. This value was equal to or smaller than the fluctuation range of the dynamic strain amount in the driving electric field strength of 100 to 2000 VZmm.
- Example 4 1500 One 30 to 80 106.5 97.3 101.9 4.6 One 30 to 160 165.0 97.3 131.1 25.8
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Composite Materials (AREA)
- General Electrical Machinery Utilizing Piezoelectricity, Electrostriction Or Magnetostriction (AREA)
- Fuel-Injection Apparatus (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
EP20050785898 EP1791193B1 (en) | 2004-09-13 | 2005-09-13 | Piezoelectric actuator |
US11/717,796 US7443085B2 (en) | 2004-09-13 | 2007-03-13 | Piezoelectric actuator |
Applications Claiming Priority (4)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
JP2004266110 | 2004-09-13 | ||
JP2004-266110 | 2004-09-13 | ||
JP2005-228396 | 2005-08-05 | ||
JP2005228396A JP4878133B2 (ja) | 2004-09-13 | 2005-08-05 | 圧電アクチュエータ |
Related Child Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US11/717,796 Continuation US7443085B2 (en) | 2004-09-13 | 2007-03-13 | Piezoelectric actuator |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
WO2006030943A1 true WO2006030943A1 (ja) | 2006-03-23 |
Family
ID=36060186
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/JP2005/017231 WO2006030943A1 (ja) | 2004-09-13 | 2005-09-13 | 圧電アクチュエータ |
Country Status (4)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US7443085B2 (ja) |
EP (1) | EP1791193B1 (ja) |
JP (1) | JP4878133B2 (ja) |
WO (1) | WO2006030943A1 (ja) |
Families Citing this family (15)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JP4595889B2 (ja) * | 2006-06-05 | 2010-12-08 | 日立電線株式会社 | 圧電薄膜素子の製造方法 |
DE102006026644A1 (de) * | 2006-06-08 | 2007-12-13 | Robert Bosch Gmbh | Piezoelektrischer Aktor |
US7987728B2 (en) * | 2006-07-07 | 2011-08-02 | The University Of Houston System | Piezoceramic-based smart aggregate for unified performance monitoring of concrete structures |
JP5391395B2 (ja) * | 2007-10-15 | 2014-01-15 | 日立金属株式会社 | 圧電薄膜付き基板及び圧電素子 |
JP4872947B2 (ja) * | 2008-02-27 | 2012-02-08 | 株式会社デンソー | 燃料噴射弁制御装置及び燃料噴射弁制御システム |
JP4724728B2 (ja) * | 2008-03-31 | 2011-07-13 | 株式会社デンソー | 積層型圧電素子の製造方法 |
JP4567768B2 (ja) * | 2008-05-30 | 2010-10-20 | 株式会社デンソー | 積層型圧電素子の製造方法 |
FR2959877B1 (fr) * | 2010-05-06 | 2013-06-14 | Renault Sa | Procede de fabrication d'un actionneur a empilement de couches alternees d'electrode intercalaire et de materiau piezoelectrique |
KR101618473B1 (ko) * | 2011-06-27 | 2016-05-04 | 캐논 가부시끼가이샤 | 압전 소자, 진동파 모터 및 광학 장치 |
CN102709463B (zh) * | 2012-06-28 | 2014-03-12 | 陈�峰 | 压电陶瓷封装装置的制作方法 |
US9324931B2 (en) | 2013-05-14 | 2016-04-26 | Tdk Corporation | Piezoelectric device |
US20140339458A1 (en) * | 2013-05-14 | 2014-11-20 | Tdk Corporation | Piezoelectric ceramic and piezoelectric device containing the same |
DE102013106186A1 (de) * | 2013-06-13 | 2014-12-18 | Epcos Ag | Vorrichtung mit einem elektronischen Vielschichtbauelement und Verfahren zum Betrieb der Vorrichtung |
US9873248B2 (en) * | 2013-11-28 | 2018-01-23 | Kyocera Corporation | Piezoelectric element, piezoelectric member, liquid discharge head, and recording device each using piezoelectric element |
US11444556B1 (en) * | 2018-03-01 | 2022-09-13 | John M. Leslie | Piezoelectric electric energy generating device |
Citations (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JPH05284600A (ja) * | 1992-04-03 | 1993-10-29 | Kunihiro Nagata | 圧電セラミックス素子 |
JP2003046154A (ja) * | 2001-07-30 | 2003-02-14 | Ngk Insulators Ltd | 圧電/電歪素子、圧電/電歪デバイスおよびそれらの製造方法 |
JP2004115293A (ja) * | 2002-09-24 | 2004-04-15 | Noritake Co Ltd | 圧電セラミックス |
Family Cites Families (14)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JPS601877A (ja) * | 1983-06-20 | 1985-01-08 | Nippon Soken Inc | 積層型圧電体 |
JPH06232465A (ja) | 1993-02-01 | 1994-08-19 | Murata Mfg Co Ltd | 積層型圧電アクチュエータ |
JP3362473B2 (ja) * | 1993-09-08 | 2003-01-07 | 株式会社村田製作所 | 圧電磁器組成物 |
JPH0779023A (ja) | 1993-09-08 | 1995-03-20 | Unisia Jecs Corp | 圧電素子 |
JP3365832B2 (ja) | 1993-09-08 | 2003-01-14 | 株式会社日立ユニシアオートモティブ | 圧電素子 |
EP0827218A4 (en) * | 1995-06-06 | 1999-09-08 | Kasei Optonix | PIEZOELECTRIC DEVICE AND METHOD FOR DRIVING SAID DEVICE |
JP3670473B2 (ja) | 1997-12-18 | 2005-07-13 | 京セラ株式会社 | 圧電磁器組成物 |
JP3827915B2 (ja) * | 2000-05-11 | 2006-09-27 | 株式会社日本自動車部品総合研究所 | 圧電材料およびその製造方法 |
JP2002054526A (ja) * | 2000-05-31 | 2002-02-20 | Denso Corp | インジェクタ用圧電体素子 |
JP4039029B2 (ja) | 2001-10-23 | 2008-01-30 | 株式会社村田製作所 | 圧電セラミックス、圧電素子、および積層型圧電素子 |
US7101491B2 (en) * | 2002-07-16 | 2006-09-05 | Denso Corporation | Piezoelectric ceramic composition and method of production of same, piezoelectric element, and dielectric element |
JP2004155601A (ja) * | 2002-11-05 | 2004-06-03 | Nippon Ceramic Co Ltd | 圧電磁器組成物 |
JP4480967B2 (ja) * | 2003-01-23 | 2010-06-16 | 株式会社デンソー | 圧電磁器組成物,圧電素子,及び誘電素子 |
JP4163068B2 (ja) * | 2003-01-23 | 2008-10-08 | 株式会社デンソー | 圧電磁器組成物,及び圧電素子 |
-
2005
- 2005-08-05 JP JP2005228396A patent/JP4878133B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2005-09-13 EP EP20050785898 patent/EP1791193B1/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2005-09-13 WO PCT/JP2005/017231 patent/WO2006030943A1/ja active Application Filing
-
2007
- 2007-03-13 US US11/717,796 patent/US7443085B2/en active Active
Patent Citations (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JPH05284600A (ja) * | 1992-04-03 | 1993-10-29 | Kunihiro Nagata | 圧電セラミックス素子 |
JP2003046154A (ja) * | 2001-07-30 | 2003-02-14 | Ngk Insulators Ltd | 圧電/電歪素子、圧電/電歪デバイスおよびそれらの製造方法 |
JP2004115293A (ja) * | 2002-09-24 | 2004-04-15 | Noritake Co Ltd | 圧電セラミックス |
Non-Patent Citations (1)
Title |
---|
See also references of EP1791193A4 * |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
JP2006108638A (ja) | 2006-04-20 |
EP1791193B1 (en) | 2012-06-13 |
EP1791193A1 (en) | 2007-05-30 |
JP4878133B2 (ja) | 2012-02-15 |
EP1791193A4 (en) | 2010-03-24 |
US7443085B2 (en) | 2008-10-28 |
US20070228874A1 (en) | 2007-10-04 |
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
WO2006030943A1 (ja) | 圧電アクチュエータ | |
JP4795748B2 (ja) | 圧電アクチュエータ | |
WO2006030940A1 (ja) | 圧電センサ | |
US20130330541A1 (en) | Metal oxide | |
EP1835554B1 (en) | Piezoelectric ceramic device and method of manufacturing the same | |
WO2006095716A1 (ja) | 圧電/電歪磁器組成物及びその製造方法 | |
JP4510140B2 (ja) | 圧電磁器組成物,圧電素子及び誘電素子 | |
JP4480967B2 (ja) | 圧電磁器組成物,圧電素子,及び誘電素子 | |
JP4156461B2 (ja) | 圧電磁器組成物及びその製造方法並びに圧電素子 | |
JPWO2014156015A1 (ja) | 無鉛圧電磁器組成物、それを用いた圧電素子、装置、及び、無鉛圧電磁器組成物の製造方法 | |
JP2009256182A (ja) | 圧電/電歪磁器組成物の製造方法 | |
CN100511746C (zh) | 压电执行元件 | |
JP5597368B2 (ja) | 積層型電子部品およびその製法 | |
WO2006093043A1 (ja) | 積層型圧電体素子 | |
JP5022926B2 (ja) | 圧電磁器組成物,及び圧電素子 | |
JP4877672B2 (ja) | 圧電組成物 | |
JP4868881B2 (ja) | 圧電磁器組成物、圧電磁器、圧電アクチュエータ素子および回路モジュール | |
JP5011140B2 (ja) | 圧電磁器組成物及びその製造方法並びに圧電素子 | |
JP5894222B2 (ja) | 積層型電子部品およびその製法 | |
JP5935187B2 (ja) | 圧電セラミックスおよびこれを用いた圧電アクチュエータ | |
JP2006143540A (ja) | 圧電磁器組成物及びその製造方法 | |
JP4968985B2 (ja) | 圧電トランス | |
JP2002356372A (ja) | 圧電磁器組成物及び圧電トランス | |
JP2011201741A (ja) | 圧電/電歪セラミックス、圧電/電歪セラミックスの製造方法、圧電/電歪素子及び圧電/電歪素子の製造方法 | |
JPH03104180A (ja) | アクチュエータ用圧電セラミック組成物 |
Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
AK | Designated states |
Kind code of ref document: A1 Designated state(s): AE AG AL AM AT AU AZ BA BB BG BR BW BY BZ CA CH CN CO CR CU CZ DE DK DM DZ EC EE EG ES FI GB GD GE GH GM HR HU ID IL IN IS KE KG KM KP KR KZ LC LK LR LS LT LU LV MA MD MG MK MN MW MX MZ NA NG NI NO NZ OM PG PH PL PT RO RU SC SD SE SG SK SL SM SY TJ TM TN TR TT TZ UA UG US UZ VC VN YU ZA ZM ZW |
|
AL | Designated countries for regional patents |
Kind code of ref document: A1 Designated state(s): GM KE LS MW MZ NA SD SL SZ TZ UG ZM ZW AM AZ BY KG KZ MD RU TJ TM AT BE BG CH CY CZ DE DK EE ES FI FR GB GR HU IE IS IT LT LU LV MC NL PL PT RO SE SI SK TR BF BJ CF CG CI CM GA GN GQ GW ML MR NE SN TD TG |
|
DPE1 | Request for preliminary examination filed after expiration of 19th month from priority date (pct application filed from 20040101) | ||
121 | Ep: the epo has been informed by wipo that ep was designated in this application | ||
WWE | Wipo information: entry into national phase |
Ref document number: 2005785898 Country of ref document: EP |
|
WWE | Wipo information: entry into national phase |
Ref document number: 11717796 Country of ref document: US Ref document number: 200580030714.6 Country of ref document: CN |
|
NENP | Non-entry into the national phase |
Ref country code: DE |
|
WWP | Wipo information: published in national office |
Ref document number: 2005785898 Country of ref document: EP |
|
WWP | Wipo information: published in national office |
Ref document number: 11717796 Country of ref document: US |