WO2006010305A1 - Procede d'obtention d'un nickel de grande purete - Google Patents

Procede d'obtention d'un nickel de grande purete Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2006010305A1
WO2006010305A1 PCT/CN2005/000488 CN2005000488W WO2006010305A1 WO 2006010305 A1 WO2006010305 A1 WO 2006010305A1 CN 2005000488 W CN2005000488 W CN 2005000488W WO 2006010305 A1 WO2006010305 A1 WO 2006010305A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
solution
purity nickel
nickel
purity
electrowinning
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PCT/CN2005/000488
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
Yongjun Li
Jun Wu
Wengang Zheng
Zhenhua Chen
Zhongqiang Yan
Yongfeng Ma
Shiqing Qi
Wenying Cao
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Jinchuan Group Ltd.
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Application filed by Jinchuan Group Ltd. filed Critical Jinchuan Group Ltd.
Priority to US11/658,626 priority Critical patent/US20090272651A1/en
Priority to JP2007522898A priority patent/JP4659829B2/ja
Publication of WO2006010305A1 publication Critical patent/WO2006010305A1/zh

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    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22BPRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
    • C22B23/00Obtaining nickel or cobalt
    • C22B23/06Refining
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C25ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25CPROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC PRODUCTION, RECOVERY OR REFINING OF METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25C1/00Electrolytic production, recovery or refining of metals by electrolysis of solutions
    • C25C1/06Electrolytic production, recovery or refining of metals by electrolysis of solutions or iron group metals, refractory metals or manganese
    • C25C1/08Electrolytic production, recovery or refining of metals by electrolysis of solutions or iron group metals, refractory metals or manganese of nickel or cobalt
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22BPRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
    • C22B3/00Extraction of metal compounds from ores or concentrates by wet processes
    • C22B3/20Treatment or purification of solutions, e.g. obtained by leaching
    • C22B3/42Treatment or purification of solutions, e.g. obtained by leaching by ion-exchange extraction
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02PCLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P10/00Technologies related to metal processing
    • Y02P10/20Recycling

Definitions

  • a method for preparing high-purity nickel relates to a method for preparing high-purity nickel by electrowinning using 3N electrolytic nickel as a raw material and using a hydrochloric acid solution system.
  • Nickel is commonly used in traditional stainless steel, alloy and other fields. In recent years, the demand for high-purity nickel in some special pearl fields is gradually increasing. For example, superalloys made of high-purity nickel are used in the manufacture of aero engines, in atomic reactor protection materials, in biomaterials, in low-expansion alloys, and in high-purity nickel in the electronics industry, such as a special nickel-iron alloy. For lead frames, another Cu-M-Sn alloy for wiring ports; high purity nickel is also used for hydrogenation catalysts and other chemicals. When high-purity nickel is used in large-scale integrated circuits and their wiring materials, magnetic films, and special packaging materials, the content of impurities such as alkali metals, radioactive elements, excessive metal elements, and gas elements is extremely low.
  • the method of sheet replacement and pre-electrolysis removes impurity elements in the electrolyte, purifies the electrolyte, and produces 5N (99.999%) high-purity nickel by electrolysis.
  • High-purity nickel, high-purity nickel impurity element content Al-metal element below 1ppm, Fe, Co, Cr are below 10ppm, U, Th are below lppb, C is below 50ppm, O is below lOOppm.
  • the boiling acid removal and neutralization and acid reduction are used, resulting in high production cost and easy to cause pollution; deep purification of the solution is not ideal. . Since the use of a soluble anode is liable to cause mutual contamination of the electrolytic cathode and the anode electrolyte, high impurity content of high purity nickel is caused.
  • the object of the present invention is to provide an effective solution to the problem of high acidity of electrolyzed stock solution, reduce production cost, eliminate pollution, and deep purification of solution, and can effectively prevent the above-mentioned deficiencies in the prior art.
  • a method for preparing high-purity nickel characterized in that the process is: a. using a hydrochloric acid system, using 3N electrolytic nickel as an anode, using a corrosion-resistant titanium metal mesh as a cathode, and electrolyzing a MC1 2 solution;
  • the current density is 100A/m 2 ⁇ 200A lm 2
  • the current density electrolysis solution is 30A/m 2 ⁇ 70A/m 2 at the end of the liquid solution with the solution concentration of lg/l ⁇ 2g/l. , making the pH of the solution 1 ⁇ 3;
  • the stripped solution is deoiled through the activated carbon column, it is sequentially introduced into an ion exchange column of an anion exchange resin 331 and an anion exchange resin 717, D301 and D401, respectively, for deep purification.
  • the flow rate is controlled to 2BV/h, and the solution is purified to contain Co and Fe to be reduced to below 0. OOlg/1, and the solution containing Cu, Pb, and Zn is reduced to less than 0.0002 g/l;
  • a method for preparing bismuth pure nickel characterized in that after electrolysis, an anion extracting agent is used to carry out three-stage countercurrent extraction of the electrolyzed solution, and the extraction is compared with 1:2, and the extraction is equilibrated for 10 minutes and then stripped with pure water. .
  • a method for preparing high-purity nickel according to the present invention is characterized in that the anion extracting agent is composed of 20% to 40% of a tertiary amine and 20% to 45% of a butyl ester, and the balance is a sulfonated kerosene.
  • a method for preparing high purity nickel according to the present invention characterized by an anionic extractant thereof After the organic phase was washed and purified, the organic phase was acid-saturated with 4N high purity hydrochloric acid, and the NiCl 2 solution was extracted.
  • a method of producing high purity nickel according to the present invention is characterized in that the solution is deoiled by a hollow fiber ball.
  • the method for preparing high-purity nickel of the present invention uses a combination anion exchange resin to realize a three-dimensional, cross-purifying structure, and deeply purifies the solution.
  • high-purity nickel is prepared by electrowinning of high-purity solution purified by ion exchange, and the high-purity nickel sample is analyzed by glow discharge mass spectrometry-GDMS to reach 5N high-purity nickel.
  • the process at the end of the electrolyzed liquid, low-current liquid-forming and reducing the acid content of the solution, successfully solved the high acid problem of the electrolyzed stock solution, and abandoned the practice of boiling acid removal and neutralization and acid reduction, which reduced the The cost prevents the process pollution; after the organic phase is washed and purified, the organic phase is acid-saturated with high-purity hydrochloric acid, and then extracted with the organic relatively high-concentration NiCl 2 solution to realize deep purification and de-drilling of the solution; ion exchange process
  • anionic resin is used to realize a three-dimensional, cross-purified high-purity solution purification structure; the electro-fusion liquid, solvent extraction, ion exchange and electrowinning processes are mutually connected
  • High purity nickel of grades above 5N Compared with the soluble anode electrolysis, only the purified high-purity NiCl 2 solution is in the insoluble anode electrolyzer, thereby effectively preventing the mutual contamination of the soluble anode electrolytic cathode and the anolyte, and the insoluble anode electrowinning production.
  • High purity nickel has a lower impurity content.
  • the alkali metal element is O. lppm or less, Fe, Co, and Cr are each 1 ppm or less, U and Th are respectively 0.1 lppb or less, C is 60 ppm or less, and 0 is less than 10 ppm.
  • the high-purity nickel of the present invention has a total of 16 impurity elements including Co, Fe, Cu, Zn, As, Cd, Sn, Sb, Pb, Bi, Al, Mn, Mg, Si, P, and S, and the highest content of single impurity elements. 999 ⁇ The content of the main metal element nickel (decrease) is higher than 99.999%. Preparation of high-purity NiCl 2 solution is a prerequisite for the development of high-purity nickel. The most difficult impurities to remove Fe, Co, Cu, Pb, and Zn are selected from the 16 impurity elements. The main impurity elements are investigated. Measure the degree of solution purification. Tests have shown that the selection of representative impurity elements as the main impurity removal target improves the detection efficiency. -
  • Figure 1 is a schematic view showing the process flow of the method of the present invention.
  • the content of impurity elements in the NiCl 2 solution prepared by electrolyzing solution is: Co 0.006g/l ⁇ 0. 009g / 1, Cu 0.002g/L Fe 0.002g/ 1. Pb 0.001g/K Zn 0.002g/l b.
  • the extracted solution is deoiled through an activated carbon column, and then passed through an ion exchange column of a mixture of anion exchange resins 331, 717, D301 and D401, respectively, for deep purification, exchange flow rate control ⁇ 2BV /h, the solution contains Co, Fe reduced to below 0.001g / l, the solution contains Cu, Pb, Zn reduced to below 0.0002g / l;
  • the design principle of the ion exchange system is to ensure that the exchange column system itself does not produce impurity element pollution:
  • the ion exchange column body and system are made of pure material; the solution is quantitatively transported by the anti-pollution metering pump, and the flow rate of the ion exchange solution is precisely controlled; the anion exchange resin of the special beads is selected to realize deep purification of the solution.
  • the exchange flow rate is controlled at 1 BV/h ⁇ 2BV/h. If the flow rate is too fast, the impurity elements are not fully exchanged, the resin is easy to penetrate; the exchange flow rate is too slow, economical Poor efficiency. After exchange, the contents of lead, zinc, copper, iron and cobalt in the solution are reduced. Solution Co 0.006 g/l to 0.009 g/l, Cu 0.002 g/l > Pb 0.001 g/K Zn 0.002 g/1.
  • the electrolytic cell is made of pure material; the electrolytic cell adopts a sealed structure. Designed with a dust-proof top cover, a water-tight connection between the top cover and the tank; the anode-anode plate and the conductive rod are assembled and hung on the top cover; the anode and cathode plates and the conductive rod group are all made of pure anti-corrosion material. , thereby effectively preventing acid corrosion and solution contamination.
  • the circuit contacts are all screwed together to select a high-precision silicon rectified power supply.
  • the original solution is 0.009 0.002 0.001 0.001.
  • the anion extractant is 25% by volume of tertiary amine, 45% of butyl ester and 30% of sulfonated kerosene.
  • the extractant is washed with high purity water and then saturated with 4mol/l high purity hydrochloric acid.
  • the high-purity nickel contains an alkali metal element of 0.1 ppm or less, Fe, Co, and Cr are each 1 ppm or less, U and Th are respectively below 0.1 ppb, C is 60 ppm or less, and 0 is 100 ppm or less.
  • the content of some impurity elements in high purity nickel is shown in Table 4.
  • the NiCl 2 solution was prepared by electrolysis in a hydrochloric acid system, and the current density was 150 A/m 2 , and the concentration of the solution was 1.5 g/l in the solution. The current density was 50 A/m 2 .
  • the liquid was made so that the pH of the solution was 2; the concentration of the solution C1 - was 6 mol/L, and the impurity element content of the solution is shown in Table 5.
  • the original solution is 0.008 0.003 0.001 0.001 0.001 ⁇
  • the anion extractant is 40% by volume of tertiary amine, 20% of butyl ester and 40% of sulfonated kerosene.
  • the extractant is washed with high purity water and then saturated with 4mol/l high purity hydrochloric acid.
  • the solution was subjected to three-stage countercurrent extraction. The extraction was compared with 1:2, and the extraction was equilibrated for 10 minutes and then stripped with pure water. After the solution was extracted by anion extractant to remove impurities, the solution contained Co decreased from 0.008 g/l to 0.001 g/l.
  • the composition of the raffinate solution is shown in Table 6.
  • Raffinate impurities contain ⁇ Unit: g/i
  • the extracted solution is deoiled through an activated carbon column, and then passed through an ion exchange column of a mixture of anion exchange resins 331, 717, D301 and D401, respectively, for concentration purification, and the exchange flow rate is controlled at 1.5 BV/h.
  • the composition of the solution after exchange is shown in Table 7.
  • the electrowinning technical conditions are: controlling the current density of 160 A/m 2 , the pH of the NiCl 2 solution is 2, and the electroforming temperature of 40 ° C:.
  • Insoluble anodes were electrowinned to obtain 5N high purity nickel.
  • the high-purity nickel contains an alkali metal element of 0.1 ppm or less, Fe and Co. Cr are respectively below 1 ppm, U and Th are respectively below 0.1 ppb, C is below 60 ppm, and O is below 100 ppm.
  • the content of some impurity elements in high purity nickel is shown in Table 7.
  • Example 2 Other conditions were the same as those in Example 2.
  • the anion extracting agent volume percentage was 20% of tertiary amine, 45% of butyl ester, and 35% of sulfonated kerosene.
  • the ion exchange solution of Example 2 was used.
  • the composition of the solution after exchange was shown in Table 8.
  • Table 8 Impurity element content of solution after ion exchange Unit: g/1
  • Ion exchange purification liquid ⁇ 0. 0004 0.0001 ⁇ 0. 0004 ⁇ 0.0001 0.0001 Using this NiCl 2 solution, insoluble anode electrowinning, electrowinning technical conditions: current density is 200 A / m 2 , NiCl 2 solution pH 2, the electrowinning temperature is 60 °C. Insoluble anodes were electrowinned to obtain 5N high purity nickel.
  • the high-purity nickel contains 0.1 ppm or less of the alkali metal element, and Fe, Co, and Cr are each 1 ppm or less, U and Th are respectively 0.1 lppb or less, C is 60 ppm or less, and 0 is 100 ppm or less.
  • the content of some impurity elements in high purity nickel is shown in Table 9. Table 9 High Purity Nickel Glow Discharge Mass Spectrometry (GDMS) Analysis Results
  • the NiCl 2 solution was prepared by electrolysis in a hydrochloric acid system, and the current density was 200 A/m 2 , and the solution was electrolyzed until the solution IT was 2 g/l. The end of the liquid was 70 A/m 2 .
  • the flow density is liquid, so that the pH of the solution is 1; the concentration of the solution C plant is 6 mol/L, and the impurity element content of the solution is shown in Table 10.
  • the high-purity solution purified by ion exchange is used for insoluble anode electrowinning.
  • the electrowinning technical conditions are: controlling the current density of 160 A/m 2 , the pH of the NiCI 2 solution is 1, and the electrowinning temperature is 50 °C.
  • Insoluble anodes were electrowinned to obtain 5N high purity nickel.
  • High purity nickel containing alkali metal element OJppm or less, Fe, Co, and Cr are each 1 ppm or less, U and Th are respectively 0.1 lppb or less, C is 60 ppm or less, and O is 100 ppm or less.
  • the content of some impurity elements in high purity nickel is shown in Table 12.
  • Table 12 High Purity Nickel Glow Discharge Mass Spectrometry (GDMS) Analysis Results No. Impurity Element 2# Sample Impurity Element Analysis (ppm)

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Description

一种制备高纯镍的方法
( - )技术领域
一种制备高纯镍的方法, 涉及一种以 3N电解镍为原料, 釆用 盐酸溶液体系电积制备高纯镍的方法。
(二) 背景技术 高新技术的进一步发展要求提供足够的特殊材料, 已经发现多种金属 可作为高新技术的战略物资并要求其提纯至非常高的纯度。 高纯、超 高纯金属的制备、特性及应用在现代材料科学和工程领域中属于新型 的、 有活力的、 不断增长的领域。 5N 以上高纯金属在半导体元件及 超大规模集成元件生产中得到广泛应用。 电子原器件、 印刷电路板的 生产大约需要高纯镓、 铟、 砷、 锑、 镉、 锡、 铅、 锡、 碲、 铋、 硫、 锌、 铜、 硒、 磷等 20余种高纯金属及其化合物、 合金材料。 镍通常用于传统的不锈钢、合金等领域。 近年一些特珠领域对于 高纯镍的需求在逐步增长。例如, 由高纯镍制作的超级合金用于航空 发动机的制造、 用于原子反应堆保护材料、 用于生物材料、 用于低膨 胀合金; 电子工业用高纯镍也在逐步增长,例如一种特殊的镍铁合金 广泛用于引线框架, 另一种 Cu-M-Sn合金用于接线端口; 高纯镍还 用于氢化催化剂和其它化学制剂。高纯镍用于大规模集成电路及其配 线材料、 磁性薄膜、 特殊封装材料时, 要求碱金属、 放射元素、 过度 金属元素、 气体元素等杂质含量非常低。 目前,有关高纯镍的制备方法,公开的文献还很少。专利为 "WO 03/014421A1" 的 "高纯镍生产方法、 髙纯镍、 溅射靶材用高纯镍、 用溅射靶材制作镀膜"的曰本专利, 公开了一种釆用可溶阳极电解制 备高纯镍的方法, 其阳极为可溶镍原料, 阴极套隔膜袋, 釆用氢氧化 物沉淀、镍箔片置换以及预电解的方法除去电解液中杂质元素, 提纯 电解液, 电解产出 5N ( 99. 999% )高纯镍, 高纯镍杂质元素含量: 0 在 30ppm以下, C、 N、 S、 P、 F都低于 lOppm以下, 其余杂质元素 含量未作说明。
另外, 专利号为 "P2000-219988A" 的 "高纯镍生产方法、 制作 镀膜用高纯镍"的曰本专利,公开了一种采用可溶阳极电解制备高纯 镍的方法。它是在同一电解槽内,其阴极、阳极之间用两层隔膜隔开, 釆用阴离子树脂交换净化电解液,并用扩散透析或蒸发干燥降低电解 液含盐酸浓度的方法, 提纯电解液, 电解产出高纯镍, 高纯镍杂质元 素含量: 碱金属元素 lppm以下, Fe、 Co、 Cr分别在 lOppm以下, U、 Th分别在 lppb以下, C在 50ppm以下, O在 lOOppm以下。 在目前已有的高纯镍的生产方法中,为了解决电溶原液的高酸问 题, 釆用了沸腾除酸和中和降酸的做法, 造成生产成本高, 且易产生 污染; 溶液深度净化不理想。 由于釆用可溶阳极易发生电解阴极、 阳 极电解液相互污染情况的发生, 造成高纯镍杂质含量高。
(三)实用新型内容
【要解决的问题】 本发明的目的就是针对上述已有技术中存在的不足,提供一种可 有效解决电溶原液的高酸问题, 降低生产成本、 消除污染、 溶液深度 净化好, 能有效防止电解阴极、 阳极电解液相互污染、 降低高纯镍杂 质含量高的制备高纯镍的方法。 【技术方案】
本发明的目的是通过以下技术方案实现的。
一种制备高纯镍的方法, 其特征在于其工艺过程依次为: a. 釆用盐酸体系, 以 3N 电解镍为阳极, 以耐腐蚀钛金属丝网 为阴极, 电溶制备 MC12溶液; 其电溶的电流密度为 100A/m2~200A lm2,且在电溶至溶液 浓度为 lg/l~2g/l的造液末期釆用 30A/m2~ 70A/m2的电流密度电溶造液, 使溶液的 PH为 1~3;
b. 将反萃后的溶液通入活性碳柱脱油后, 再依次通入分别为阴 离子交换树脂 331、 阴离子交换树脂 717、 D301和 D401的混合阴离 子交换树脂的离子交换柱, 进行深度净化, 交换流速控制 2BV/h, 溶液净化至含 Co、 Fe降低到 0. OOlg/1以下, 溶液含 Cu、 Pb、 Zn降 低到 0.0002g/l以下;
c. 将离子交换净化后的溶液, 通入电解槽进行电积, 控制电积 溶液 pH值为 1~3、 电流密度 100A/m2~200 A/m2、 电积液温度 40 °C ~60°C, 同时将电积后液抽出, 使溶液在电解槽中衡量循环, 电积 得到高纯镍。
一种制备髙纯镍的方法,其特征在于在电溶造液后釆用阴离子萃 取剂将电溶溶液进行三级逆流萃取, 萃取相比 1: 2, 萃取平衡 10分 钟后用纯水反萃。
本发明的一种制备高纯镍的方法,其特征在于釆用阴离子萃取剂 组成为 20% ~ 40%的叔胺、 20%~45%的丁脂, 余量为磺化煤油。
本发明的一种制备高纯镍的方法,其特征在于其阴离子萃取剂的 有机相经过洗涤纯化后, 釆用 4N高纯盐酸使有机相进行酸饱和, 再 对 NiCl2溶液进行萃取的。
本发明的一种制备高纯镍的方法,其特征在于其溶液是中空纤维 球脱油的。
【有益效果】
本发明的一种制备高纯镍的方法, 釆用组合阴离子交换树脂, 实 现立体、 交叉的净化结构, 深度净化了溶液。
本发明的方法,采用离子交换净化后的高纯溶液电积制备得到高 纯镍, 高纯镍样品经过辉光放电质谱法- GDMS分析, 达到 5N高纯 镍。工艺过程中,在电溶造液末期釆用低电流造液并降低溶液含酸量, 成功解决了电溶原液的高酸问题, 摒弃了沸腾除酸和中和降酸的做 法, 既降低了成本又防止了过程污染; 有机相经过洗涤纯化后, 采用 高纯盐酸使有机相进行酸饱和,再用此有机相对高浓度 NiCl2溶液进 行萃取, 实现了溶液深度净化除钻; 离子交换工艺釆用组合阴离子树 脂, 实现立体、 交叉的高纯溶液净化结构; 实现了电溶造液、 溶剂萃 取、 离子交换和电积工艺的相互衔接, 深度净化了溶液, 并釆用不溶 阳极电积产出 5N以上品级的高纯镍。 与可溶阳极电解相比, 不溶阳 极电积槽内只有净化后的高纯 NiCl2溶液,从而有效防止可溶阳极电 解阴极、 阳极电解液相互污染情况的发生, 不溶阳极电积精炼产出的 高纯镍杂质含量更低。 碱金属元素在 O. lppm以下, Fe、 Co、 Cr分别 在 lppm以下, U、 Th分别在 0. lppb以下, C在 60ppm以下, 0在 在 lO.Oppm以下。 本发明的高纯镍考察杂质元素包括 Co、 Fe、 Cu、 Zn、 As、 Cd、 Sn、 Sb、 Pb、 Bi、 Al、 Mn、 Mg、 Si、 P、 S共 16种杂质元素, 单杂 质元素最高含量低于 lppm;主金属元素镍的含量 (减量) 高于 99. 999%。 制备高纯 NiCl2溶液是研制高纯镍的先决条件, 从 16种杂质 元素中选择最难去除的 Fe、 Co、 Cu、 Pb、 Zn 5种杂质, 作为主要 杂质元素予以考察, 通过净化后溶液杂质含量衡量溶液净化程度。试 验表明, 选择有代表性的杂质元素作为主要除杂目标.,提高了检测效 率。 -
(四) 附图说明 图 1为本发明的方法工艺流程示意图。
(五)具体实施例 一种制备高纯镍的方法, 其工艺过程依次为. - a. 釆用盐酸体系, 以 3N 电解镍为阳极, 以耐腐蚀钛金属丝网 为阴极, 电溶制备 NiCl2溶液; 其通电电流密度为 100A/m2 ~ 200A / m2,电溶至溶液 tf"浓度为 lg/1 - 2g/l的造液末期釆用 30A/m2 ~ 70A/m2 的电流密度造液, 使溶液的 pH为 1 ~ 3;由于在电溶造液末期釆用低 电流密度造液并降低溶液含酸量, 成功解决了电溶原液的高酸问题, 摒弃了沸腾除酸和中和降酸的做法, 既降低了成本又防止了过程污 染。 电溶造液制备 NiCl2溶液杂质元素含量为: Co 0.006g/l~0. 009g / 1、 Cu 0.002g/L Fe 0.002g/1、 Pb 0.001g/K Zn 0.002g/l。 b. 釆用体积百分比为 20% ~ 40 %的叔胺、 20% ~ 45%的丁脂, 余量为磺化煤油组成的阴离子萃取剂将溶液进行三级逆流萃取,萃取 相比 1: 2, 萃取平衡 10分钟后用纯水反萃; 由于提高溶液中 C1—的 浓度, 使 Fe、 Co、 Cu、 Pb、 Zn等杂质充分形成络合阴离子。 溶液经 过阴离子萃取剂萃取除杂质后, 杂质元素的含量降低, 溶液含 Co降 低到 0. OOlg/1, 溶液含 Cu、 Zn降低到 0. 0003g/l。
c. 将萃取后的溶液通入活性碳柱脱油, 再依次通入分别为阴离 子交换树脂 331、 717、 D301和 D401的混合阴离子交换树脂的离子 交换柱, 进行深度净化, 交换流速控制 < 2BV/h, 溶液含 Co、 Fe降 低到 0.001g/l以下, 溶液含 Cu、 Pb、 Zn降低到 0.0002g/l以下; 离子 交换系统的设计原则是确保交换柱系统本身不产生杂质元素污染:选 用纯净材料制作离子交换柱本体以及系统;釆用防污染计量泵定量输 送溶液, 精确控制离子交换溶液流量; 选择特珠的阴离子交换树脂, 实现溶液深度净化。
对萃余液除油、 调酸处理后进行离子交换, 交换流速控制在 1 BV/h ~ 2BV/h,如果流速太快, 杂质元素未充分交换, 树脂容易穿透; 交换流速太慢, 经济效益差。 经过交换后溶液中杂质铅、锌、铜、铁、 钴的含量都有降低。 溶液 Co 0.006g/l ~ 0.009g/l、 Cu 0.002g/l> Pb 0.001g/K Zn 0.002g/1。
d. 将离子交换后的溶液, 通入电解槽进行电积, 控制电积溶液 pH值为 1 ~ 3,电流密度 100A/m2 ~ 200 A/m2、 电积液温度: 40°C ~ 60 °C , 同时将电积后液抽出, 使溶液在电解槽内衡量循环, 电积得到高 纯镍。 高纯镍样品经过辉光放电质谱法 - GDMS分析, 达到 5N高纯 镍。
电解槽的制做要求槽体本身以及外界环境不对高纯试验过程产 生杂质元素污染: 电解槽选用纯净材料制成; 电解槽采用密封式结构 设计, 设有防尘顶盖, 顶盖与槽体之间有水密封连接; 阴阳极板与导 电棒组装并吊挂在顶盖上;阴阳极板以及导电棒组全部釆用纯净防腐 蚀材料,从而有效的防止酸的腐蚀和溶液污染。为确保作业时槽电压、 电流恒定并且消除接界电阻, 电路接点全部釆用螺丝紧固连接, 选择 高精度硅整流电源。
下面结合实例对本发 o
o明的方法作进一步说明。
实施例 1
釆用 3N电解镍, 在盐酸体系电溶制备 NiCl2溶液, 其通电电流 密度为 100A/m2,电溶至溶液中的 H+浓度为 lg/1 的造液末期釆用 30A/m2的电流密度造液, 使溶液的 pH为 3;溶液 C1 —的浓度达到 6mol/L, 溶液杂质元素含量见表 1。 表 1 原溶液杂质元素含量 单位 序号 名称 Co Cu Fe Pb Zn
1 原溶液 0.009 0.002 0.001 0.001 釆用体积百分比为叔胺 25%、 丁脂 45%、 磺化煤油 30%的阴离 子萃取剂, 萃取剂经过高纯水洗涤后, 再经 4mol/l高纯盐酸饱和, 溶液进行三级逆流萃取, 萃取相比 1: 2, 萃取平衡 10分钟后用纯水 反萃; 溶液经过阴离子萃取剂萃取除杂质后, 溶液含 Co 由 0.009g/l 降低到 0. OOlg/1, 萃余液溶液成分见表 2。 表 2萃余液杂质元素含量 单位 序号 名称 Co Cu Fe Pb Zn
1 萃余液 2# 0.001 0.0003 0.001 0.001 0.0003 将萃取后的溶液通入活性碳柱脱油 ,再依次通入分别为阴离 子交换树脂 331、 717、 D301和 D401的混合阴离子交换树脂的 离子交换柱, 进行浓度净化, 交换流速控制 2BV/h, 交换后溶液 成分见表 3。 表 3 离子交换后溶液杂质元素含量 单位
Figure imgf000010_0001
电积技术条件: 控制电流密度 100A/m2, NiCl2溶液 pH值为 3, 电积温度 50°C。 釆用离子交换净化后的高纯溶液, 进行不溶阳极电 积制备得到 5N高纯镍。 高纯镍含碱金属元素 O.lppm以下, Fe、 Co、 Cr分别在 lppm以下, U、 Th分别在 O.lppb以下, C在 60ppm以下, 0在 lOOppm以下。 高纯镍部分杂质元素含量见表 4。 表 4 高纯镍辉光放电质谱法 (GDMS) 分析结果 序号 杂质元素 1#样品杂质元素分析(ppm )
1 Cu <0. 8
2 Fe 0. 3 8
3 Co <0. 04
4 Pb 0. 28
5 Zn <0. 0 3
6 Cd <0. 01
7 Bi <0. 005
8 Sb 0. 14
9 Sn <0.5
10 As <0. 8
11 Al 0. 02
12 Mg <0. 001
13 Mn <0. 005
14 Si 0. 04
15 P <0. 01
16 S 0. 1 高纯镍杂质合计 <3
高纯镍减量百分含量 > 99.9997% 实施例 2
釆用 3N电解镍, 在盐酸体系电溶制备 NiCl2溶液, 其通电电流 密度为 150A/m2,电溶至溶液中的 浓度为 1.5g/l 的造液末期采用 50A/m2的电流密度造液, 使溶液的 pH为 2;溶液 C1 —的浓度达到 6mol/L, 溶液杂质元素含量见表 5。 表 5 原溶液杂质元素含量 单位: g/1 序号 名称 Co Cu Fe Pb Zn
1 原溶液 0.008 0.003 0.001 0.001 0.001 釆用体积百分比为叔胺 40%、 丁脂 20%、 磺化煤油 40%的阴离 子萃取剂, 萃取剂经过高纯水洗涤后, 再经 4mol/l高纯盐酸饱和, 溶液进行三级逆流萃取, 萃取相比 1: 2, 萃取平衡 10分钟后用纯水 反萃; 溶液经过阴离子萃取剂萃取除杂质后, 溶液含 Co 由 0.008g/l 降低到 0.001g/l, 萃余液溶液成分见表 6。 表 6萃余液杂质元素含 ί 单位: g/i
Figure imgf000011_0001
将萃取后的溶液通入活性碳柱脱油,再依次通入分别为阴离 子交换树脂 331、 717、 D301和 D401的混合阴离子交换树脂的 离子交换柱, 进行浓度净化, 交换流速控制 1.5BV/h, 交换后溶 液成分见表 7。 表 7 离子交换后溶液杂质元素含量 单位 序号 名称 Co Cu Fe Pb Zn
1 离子交换净化后液 <0. 0004 0.0001 <0. 0004 <0.0001 0.0001 采用此 MC12溶液, 进行不溶阳极电积, 电积技术条件: 控制电 流密度 160 A/m2, NiCl2溶液 pH值为 2, 电积温度 40°C:。 不溶阳极 电积制备得到 5N高纯镍。 高纯镍含碱金属元素 O.lppm以下, Fe、 Co. Cr分别在 lppm以下, U、 Th分别在 O.lppb以下, C在 60ppm 以下, O在 lOOppm以下。 高纯镍部分杂质元素含量见表 7。
表 7 高纯镍辉光放电质谱法 (GDMS) 分析结果
Figure imgf000012_0001
实施例 3
其它条件同实施例 2, 阴离子萃取剂体积百分比为叔胺 20%、 丁 脂 45%、 磺化煤油 35%, 釆用实施例 2中的离子交换后液, 交换后 溶液成分见表 8。 表 8 离子交换后溶液杂质元素含量 单位: g/1
序号 名称 Co Cu Fe Pb Zn
1 离子交换净化后液 <0. 0004 0.0001 <0. 0004 <0.0001 0.0001 采用此 NiCl2溶液, 进行不溶阳极电积, 电积技术条件: 电流密 度为 200 A/m2, NiCl2溶液 pH值为 2, 电积温度 60°C。 不溶阳极电 积制备得到 5N高纯镍。 高纯镍含碱金属元素 0.1ppm以下, Fe、 Co、 Cr分别在 lppm以下, U、 Th分别在 O.lppb以下, C在 60ppm以下, 0在 lOOppm以下。 高纯镍部分杂质元素含量见表 9。 表 9 高纯镍辉光放电质谱法 (GDMS) 分析结果
Figure imgf000013_0001
实施例 4
釆用 3N电解镍, 在盐酸体系电溶制备 NiCl2溶液, 其通电电流 密度为 200A/m2, 电溶至溶液 IT为 2g/l的造液末期釆用 70A/m2的电 流密度造液,使溶液的 pH为 1;溶液 C厂的浓度达到 6mol/L,溶液杂质 元素含量见表 10。 表 10 原溶液杂质元素含量 单位: g/i 序号 名称 Co Cu Fe Pb Zn
1 原溶液 0.006 0.002 0.002 0.001 0.001
之后进行离子交换, 交换流速控制在 lBV/h, 交换后溶液成分见 表 11 ,
表 11 离子交换后溶液杂质元素含量 单位: g/1
Figure imgf000014_0001
釆用离子交换净化后的高纯溶液, 进行不溶阳极电积, 电积技术 条件: 控制电流密度 160 A/m2, NiCI2溶液 pH值为 1 , 电积温度 50 °C。 不溶阳极电积制备得到 5N高纯镍。 高纯镍含碱金属元素 OJppm 以下, Fe、 Co、 Cr分别在 lppm以下, U、 Th分别在 0. lppb以下, C 在 60ppm以下, O在 lOOppm以下。 高纯镍部分杂质元素含量见表 12。 表 12 高纯镍辉光放电质谱法 (GDMS) 分析结果 序号 杂质元素 2#样品杂质元素分析(ppm )
1 Cu 0. 38
2 Fe 0. 11
3 Co 0. 6
4 Pb 0. 3
5 Zn <0. 0 2
6 Cd <0. 07
7 Bi <0. 005
8 Sb <0. 04 Sn <1.2
As 0. 13
Al 0. 004
Mg <0. 005
Mn <0. 005
Si <0. 005
P 0. 02
S 0. 08 高纯镍杂质合计 <3 高纯镍减量百分含量 > 99.9997%

Claims

1.一种制备高纯镍的方法, 其特征在于其工艺过程依次为: a. 采用盐酸体系, 以 3N电解镍为阳极, 以耐腐蚀钛金属丝网为 阴极, 电溶制备 NiCl2溶液; 其电溶的通电电流密度为 l OOA/m2 - 200A/m2,且在电溶至溶液 H+为 lg ~ 2g八的造液末期采用 30A/m2 - 70A/m2的电流密度电溶造液, 使溶液的 pH为 1 ~ 3;
b.将反萃取后的溶液通入活性碳柱脱油后,再依次通入分别为阴 离子交换树脂 331、 717、 D301和 D401的混合阴离子交换树脂的离子 交换柱, 进行深度净化, 交换流速控制 < 2BV/h,溶液净化至含 Co、 Fe降低到 O. OOlg/ 1 以下; 溶液含 Cu、 Pb、 Zn降低到 0. 0002g八 以 下;
c.将离子交换净化后的溶液, 通入电解槽进行电积, 控制电积溶 液 pH值为 1 ~ 3、 电流密度 100 A/m2 ~ 200A/m\ 电积液温度 4G°C ~ 60Ό , 同时将电积后液抽出, 使溶液在电解槽内衡量循环, 电积得到 高纯镍。
2. 根据权利要杈求 1所述的一种制备高纯镍的方法, 其特征在 于电溶造液后的溶液釆用阴离子萃取剂将电溶溶液进行三级逆流萃 取, 萃取相比 1: 2 , 萃取平衡 10分钟后用纯水反萃。
3. 根据权利要杈求 1或 2所述的一种制备高纯镍的方法, 其特 征在于釆用阴离子萃取剂由 20% ~ 40%的叔胺、 20% ~ 45%的丁脂, 余 量为黄化煤油组成。
4. 根据杈利权要求 1 ·所述的一种制备高纯镍的方法, 其特征在 于其阴离子萃取剂的有机相经过洗涤纯化后,釆用高纯盐酸使有机相 进行酸饱和, 再对 NiCl2溶液进行萃取的。
5. 根据权利权求 1所述一种制备高纯镍的方法, 其特征在于其 溶液是中空纤维球脱油的。
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