WO2006001209A1 - アルカリ電池 - Google Patents
アルカリ電池 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2006001209A1 WO2006001209A1 PCT/JP2005/011019 JP2005011019W WO2006001209A1 WO 2006001209 A1 WO2006001209 A1 WO 2006001209A1 JP 2005011019 W JP2005011019 W JP 2005011019W WO 2006001209 A1 WO2006001209 A1 WO 2006001209A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- nickel
- oxyhydroxide
- positive electrode
- manganese
- expanded graphite
- Prior art date
Links
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 title abstract description 4
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 156
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 119
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 116
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 116
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 98
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 66
- OSOVKCSKTAIGGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Ni].OOO Chemical compound [Ni].OOO OSOVKCSKTAIGGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 50
- 229910000483 nickel oxide hydroxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 50
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 45
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 230000005484 gravity Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- BFDHFSHZJLFAMC-UHFFFAOYSA-L nickel(ii) hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[OH-].[Ni+2] BFDHFSHZJLFAMC-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 54
- 239000011572 manganese Substances 0.000 claims description 35
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 34
- PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Manganese Chemical compound [Mn] PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 28
- 229910000428 cobalt oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 15
- IVMYJDGYRUAWML-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt(ii) oxide Chemical compound [Co]=O IVMYJDGYRUAWML-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 15
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000006104 solid solution Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000002243 precursor Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000000634 powder X-ray diffraction Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- ZNHXTCYIEZERKC-UHFFFAOYSA-N O(O)O.[Ni].[Ni] Chemical compound O(O)O.[Ni].[Ni] ZNHXTCYIEZERKC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 229910000480 nickel oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- GNRSAWUEBMWBQH-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxonickel Chemical compound [Ni]=O GNRSAWUEBMWBQH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- NUJOXMJBOLGQSY-UHFFFAOYSA-N manganese dioxide Chemical compound O=[Mn]=O NUJOXMJBOLGQSY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 34
- 230000001747 exhibiting effect Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 42
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 27
- 239000008188 pellet Substances 0.000 description 22
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 18
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 17
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 17
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 17
- ZAUUZASCMSWKGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N manganese nickel Chemical compound [Mn].[Ni] ZAUUZASCMSWKGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 16
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 15
- 239000011149 active material Substances 0.000 description 13
- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 description 12
- 239000007774 positive electrode material Substances 0.000 description 11
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfuric acid Chemical compound OS(O)(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- ASKVAEGIVYSGNY-UHFFFAOYSA-L cobalt(ii) hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[OH-].[Co+2] ASKVAEGIVYSGNY-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 10
- KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M Potassium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[K+] KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 9
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 9
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 9
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 9
- 229910021382 natural graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 8
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 8
- 229910021503 Cobalt(II) hydroxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc Chemical compound [Zn] HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-M hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-] XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 7
- 230000002093 peripheral effect Effects 0.000 description 7
- 230000000704 physical effect Effects 0.000 description 7
- 238000010298 pulverizing process Methods 0.000 description 7
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- XLOMVQKBTHCTTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc monoxide Chemical compound [Zn]=O XLOMVQKBTHCTTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- NLKNQRATVPKPDG-UHFFFAOYSA-M potassium iodide Chemical compound [K+].[I-] NLKNQRATVPKPDG-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 6
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 description 6
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 5
- 229910017052 cobalt Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 239000010941 cobalt Substances 0.000 description 5
- GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt atom Chemical compound [Co] GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- GRYLNZFGIOXLOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitric acid Chemical compound O[N+]([O-])=O GRYLNZFGIOXLOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000005708 Sodium hypochlorite Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910021383 artificial graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000001965 increasing effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910017604 nitric acid Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000002244 precipitate Substances 0.000 description 4
- SUKJFIGYRHOWBL-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium hypochlorite Chemical compound [Na+].Cl[O-] SUKJFIGYRHOWBL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetic acid Chemical compound CC(O)=O QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chlorine atom Chemical compound [Cl] ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- DWTHJRGGAKKQPO-UHFFFAOYSA-L [OH-].[OH-].[Ni].[Ni++] Chemical compound [OH-].[OH-].[Ni].[Ni++] DWTHJRGGAKKQPO-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 3
- 239000000460 chlorine Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052801 chlorine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000008187 granular material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 3
- -1 nickel metal hydride Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 239000007800 oxidant agent Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000011787 zinc oxide Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910006279 γ-NiOOH Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- ZCYVEMRRCGMTRW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 7553-56-2 Chemical compound [I] ZCYVEMRRCGMTRW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- VHUUQVKOLVNVRT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonium hydroxide Chemical compound [NH4+].[OH-] VHUUQVKOLVNVRT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- KRHYYFGTRYWZRS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fluorane Chemical compound F KRHYYFGTRYWZRS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- OAKJQQAXSVQMHS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrazine Chemical compound NN OAKJQQAXSVQMHS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910002640 NiOOH Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sulfate Chemical compound [O-]S([O-])(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titan oxide Chemical compound O=[Ti]=O GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000002441 X-ray diffraction Methods 0.000 description 2
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N ammonia Natural products N QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000872 buffer Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000003139 buffering effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000006866 deterioration Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000008151 electrolyte solution Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000011049 filling Methods 0.000 description 2
- AMWRITDGCCNYAT-UHFFFAOYSA-L hydroxy(oxo)manganese;manganese Chemical compound [Mn].O[Mn]=O.O[Mn]=O AMWRITDGCCNYAT-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000011229 interlayer Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000011630 iodine Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052740 iodine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910001437 manganese ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 description 2
- SPIFDSWFDKNERT-UHFFFAOYSA-N nickel;hydrate Chemical compound O.[Ni] SPIFDSWFDKNERT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000001590 oxidative effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 description 1
- ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Potassium Chemical compound [K] ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 206010040954 Skin wrinkling Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- FEWJPZIEWOKRBE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tartaric acid Natural products [H+].[H+].[O-]C(=O)C(O)C(O)C([O-])=O FEWJPZIEWOKRBE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VIXKTJNMLDPTGJ-UHFFFAOYSA-M [Co]O Chemical compound [Co]O VIXKTJNMLDPTGJ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- ASODHHAIQWCXLZ-UHFFFAOYSA-J [Ni+2].[OH-].[Ni+2].[OH-].[OH-].[OH-] Chemical compound [Ni+2].[OH-].[Ni+2].[OH-].[OH-].[OH-] ASODHHAIQWCXLZ-UHFFFAOYSA-J 0.000 description 1
- 230000002378 acidificating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- ALSPKRWQCLSJLV-UHFFFAOYSA-N azanium;acetic acid;acetate Chemical compound [NH4+].CC(O)=O.CC([O-])=O ALSPKRWQCLSJLV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002585 base Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007853 buffer solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- OJIJEKBXJYRIBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N cadmium nickel Chemical compound [Ni].[Cd] OJIJEKBXJYRIBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BRPQOXSCLDDYGP-UHFFFAOYSA-N calcium oxide Chemical compound [O-2].[Ca+2] BRPQOXSCLDDYGP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000292 calcium oxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- ODINCKMPIJJUCX-UHFFFAOYSA-N calcium oxide Inorganic materials [Ca]=O ODINCKMPIJJUCX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000006229 carbon black Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010000 carbonizing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003638 chemical reducing agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011300 coal pitch Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910000361 cobalt sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229940044175 cobalt sulfate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- KTVIXTQDYHMGHF-UHFFFAOYSA-L cobalt(2+) sulfate Chemical compound [Co+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O KTVIXTQDYHMGHF-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 229910001873 dinitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000005868 electrolysis reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010828 elution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002708 enhancing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003349 gelling agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007770 graphite material Substances 0.000 description 1
- VUFYPLUHTVSSGR-UHFFFAOYSA-M hydroxy(oxo)nickel Chemical compound O[Ni]=O VUFYPLUHTVSSGR-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 230000033444 hydroxylation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005805 hydroxylation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007774 longterm Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000014759 maintenance of location Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229940099596 manganese sulfate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000011702 manganese sulphate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000007079 manganese sulphate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- OZOAXHQNOFIFGD-UHFFFAOYSA-N manganese(2+) oxygen(2-) Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[Mn+2].[Mn+2] OZOAXHQNOFIFGD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L manganese(2+);methyl n-[[2-(methoxycarbonylcarbamothioylamino)phenyl]carbamothioyl]carbamate;n-[2-(sulfidocarbothioylamino)ethyl]carbamodithioate Chemical compound [Mn+2].[S-]C(=S)NCCNC([S-])=S.COC(=O)NC(=S)NC1=CC=CC=C1NC(=S)NC(=O)OC WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- SQQMAOCOWKFBNP-UHFFFAOYSA-L manganese(II) sulfate Chemical compound [Mn+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O SQQMAOCOWKFBNP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000691 measurement method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052987 metal hydride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910021645 metal ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000007773 negative electrode material Substances 0.000 description 1
- XIKYYQJBTPYKSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N nickel Chemical compound [Ni].[Ni] XIKYYQJBTPYKSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910001453 nickel ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- LGQLOGILCSXPEA-UHFFFAOYSA-L nickel sulfate Chemical compound [Ni+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O LGQLOGILCSXPEA-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 229910000363 nickel(II) sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- SIWVEOZUMHYXCS-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxo(oxoyttriooxy)yttrium Chemical compound O=[Y]O[Y]=O SIWVEOZUMHYXCS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229920001495 poly(sodium acrylate) polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000011591 potassium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000010079 rubber tapping Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- NNMHYFLPFNGQFZ-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium polyacrylate Chemical compound [Na+].[O-]C(=O)C=C NNMHYFLPFNGQFZ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- AKHNMLFCWUSKQB-UHFFFAOYSA-L sodium thiosulfate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=S AKHNMLFCWUSKQB-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 235000019345 sodium thiosulphate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000002906 tartaric acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000011975 tartaric acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004408 titanium dioxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004448 titration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052723 transition metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000003624 transition metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000037303 wrinkles Effects 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/24—Electrodes for alkaline accumulators
- H01M4/26—Processes of manufacture
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01G—COMPOUNDS CONTAINING METALS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C01D OR C01F
- C01G53/00—Compounds of nickel
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/48—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides
- H01M4/50—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of manganese
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/48—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides
- H01M4/52—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of nickel, cobalt or iron
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/62—Selection of inactive substances as ingredients for active masses, e.g. binders, fillers
- H01M4/624—Electric conductive fillers
- H01M4/625—Carbon or graphite
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01P—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO STRUCTURAL AND PHYSICAL ASPECTS OF SOLID INORGANIC COMPOUNDS
- C01P2002/00—Crystal-structural characteristics
- C01P2002/50—Solid solutions
- C01P2002/52—Solid solutions containing elements as dopants
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01P—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO STRUCTURAL AND PHYSICAL ASPECTS OF SOLID INORGANIC COMPOUNDS
- C01P2002/00—Crystal-structural characteristics
- C01P2002/70—Crystal-structural characteristics defined by measured X-ray, neutron or electron diffraction data
- C01P2002/78—Crystal-structural characteristics defined by measured X-ray, neutron or electron diffraction data by stacking-plane distances or stacking sequences
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01P—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO STRUCTURAL AND PHYSICAL ASPECTS OF SOLID INORGANIC COMPOUNDS
- C01P2006/00—Physical properties of inorganic compounds
- C01P2006/10—Solid density
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01P—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO STRUCTURAL AND PHYSICAL ASPECTS OF SOLID INORGANIC COMPOUNDS
- C01P2006/00—Physical properties of inorganic compounds
- C01P2006/12—Surface area
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01P—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO STRUCTURAL AND PHYSICAL ASPECTS OF SOLID INORGANIC COMPOUNDS
- C01P2006/00—Physical properties of inorganic compounds
- C01P2006/40—Electric properties
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M2004/021—Physical characteristics, e.g. porosity, surface area
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
- H01M2010/4292—Aspects relating to capacity ratio of electrodes/electrolyte or anode/cathode
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
Definitions
- the present invention relates to an alkaline battery including, as an active material, manganese dioxide and oxyhydroxide nickel in a positive electrode mixture, and more particularly to a nickel manganese battery as a primary battery.
- An alkaline battery as a primary battery typified by an alkaline manganese dry battery has a positive electrode case composed of a positive electrode case that also serves as a positive electrode terminal and a cylindrical diacid oxide gun arranged in close contact with the inside of the positive electrode case. It has an inside-out structure comprising an agent pellet and a gelled zinc negative electrode disposed in the hollow of the positive electrode mixture pellet via a separator.
- the positive electrode mixture of an alkaline battery generally includes electrolytic dimanganese manganese and graphite conductive material.
- the load power of devices using alkaline batteries is gradually increasing, and there is a demand for batteries with excellent heavy load discharge performance. It has been proposed to improve the heavy load discharge characteristics of the battery by mixing nickel oxyhydroxide with the corresponding positive electrode mixture (see Patent Document 1).
- the positive electrode mixture includes oxides such as zinc oxide, calcium oxide, yttrium oxide, and titanium dioxide. It has been proposed to contain (Patent Document 2). In recent years, the alkaline batteries as described above have been put into practical use and are widely used.
- Nickel oxyhydroxide and nickel used for alkaline batteries are generally spherical or egg-shaped nickel hydroxide for use in alkaline storage batteries (alkali secondary batteries) such as nickel cadmium storage batteries and nickel metal hydride storage batteries (see Patent Document 3). ) Was acidified with an acid agent such as an aqueous sodium hypochlorite solution.
- nickel hydroxide for use in alkaline storage batteries containing cobalt, zinc and the like may be used as a raw material.
- a hydroxide-nickel crystal cobalt, zinc, and the like are dissolved, and a solid solution of nickel hydroxide is formed.
- Patent Document 1 Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 57-72266
- Patent Document 2 Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2001-15106
- Patent Document 3 Japanese Patent Publication No. 4-80513
- Patent Document 4 Japanese Patent Publication No. 7-77129
- Patent Document 5 Republished Patent W097Z19479
- Patent Document 6 Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 10-149821
- Patent Document 7 Patent No. 3239076
- Patent Document 8 Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 9-35719
- Patent Document 9 Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2001-332250
- Patent Document 10 Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2003-17080
- the present inventors have conducted various studies for using a solid solution of hydroxide or nickel hydroxide or nickel hydroxide, which has been studied in the field of alkaline storage batteries, as a primary battery application. It has been found that the use of nickel oxyhydroxide in a high acid state as a raw material makes it possible to significantly increase the capacity of the battery. Highly oxidized nickel oxyhydroxide can be produced, for example, by using nickel hydroxide hydroxide composed of ⁇ -type crystals in which manganese is dissolved as a raw material.
- oxyhydroxide-nickel in a high acid state contains a crystal having a ⁇ -type structure.
- oxyhydroxide-nickel j8-oxyhydroxide-nickel
- the heavy load discharge characteristics tend to be lower than that of an alkaline battery manufactured using 3.0). Therefore, when an alkaline battery with excellent heavy load discharge characteristics is obtained by mixing oxyhydroxide and nickel with diacid manganese which has low utilization efficiency during heavy load discharge, improvement of heavy load discharge characteristics The effect may not be sufficiently obtained.
- the present invention relates to an alkaline battery including a positive electrode, a negative electrode, and an alkaline electrolyte
- the positive electrode includes a positive electrode mixture including nickel oxyhydroxide, electrolytic manganese dioxide, and expanded graphite.
- the expanded graphite has (1) volume-based average particle diameter of 5 to 25; ⁇ ⁇ , (2) BE T specific surface area force: L0m 2 Zg, and (3) stationary method
- the bulk specific gravity (apparent density) measured in (1) is from 0.03 to 0.1 lOgZcm 3 .
- the average nickel valence of nickel oxyhydroxide Is more than 3.05.
- the content of expanded graphite in the total amount of nickel oxyhydroxide, electrolytic manganese dioxide and expanded graphite contained in the positive electrode mixture is 3 to 15% by weight. The invention's effect
- Expanded graphite is particles obtained by expanding or interlayer-extending graphite having a crystal structure developed by heat treatment with sulfuric acid, nitric acid or the like. Expanded graphite has high electronic conductivity similar to that of general graphite such as natural graphite, and is excellent in compressibility to exhibit a buffering action and stress relaxation ability in the positive electrode mixture.
- the expanded graphite particles have a function as a buffer material against the volume change even if the highly oxidized oxyhydroxide or nickel containing ⁇ -type crystals undergoes a specific volume change. Therefore, the electrical connection between the active material particles (nickel oxyhydroxide and electrolytic manganese dioxide) can be sufficiently secured. Therefore, an alkaline battery having a high capacity can be obtained under a wide range of discharge conditions from low load discharge to heavy load discharge.
- FIG. 1 is a front view, partly in section, of a nickel manganese battery according to an example of the present invention.
- the present invention relates to an alkaline battery including a positive electrode, a negative electrode, and an alkaline electrolyte.
- the positive electrode includes a positive electrode mixture including nickel oxyhydroxide, electrolytic manganese dioxide, and expanded graphite. Oxyhydroxide-nickel and electrolytic diacid-manganese function as a positive electrode active material, and expanded graphite basically functions as a conductive material.
- the average nickel valence of nickel oxyhydroxide is 3.05 or more, preferably 3.1 or more.
- the present invention is also capable of significantly increasing the capacity of the battery by using high-oxygen state nickel hydroxide or nickel.
- the highly acidic nickel hydroxide nickel can be easily obtained by, for example, chemically oxidizing nickel hydroxide in a solid solution in which manganese is dissolved.
- Oxyhydroxide When manganese is dissolved in nickel hydroxide, which is a material, the redox potential of nickel hydroxide shifts to the base. Therefore, it is easy to obtain highly oxidized nickel oxyhydroxide.
- the solid-solution hydroxide-nickel, which dissolves manganese comprises a ⁇ -type crystal.
- nickel hydroxide which is a raw material for nickel oxyhydroxide
- the content of manganese in the total of nickel and manganese is preferably 1 to 7 mol%, more preferably 2 to 5 mol%.
- the manganese content is less than 1 mol%, it is difficult to easily obtain the above-mentioned high acid state nickel hydroxide or nickel.
- the manganese content exceeds 7 mol%, the proportion of nickel in the nickel hydroxide hydroxide is relatively reduced, making it difficult to obtain a satisfactory battery capacity.
- the manganese content in the total of nickel and manganese in nickel oxyhydroxide is also 1 to 7 mol%.
- Cobalt oxide is preferably attached to the particle surface of nickel oxyhydroxide.
- oxyhydroxide-nickel having cobalt oxide on the particle surface the current collecting property of particle force is enhanced, so that the discharge characteristics in a particularly heavy load region are further improved.
- the amount of cobalt oxide is preferably 7% by weight or less, more preferably 2 to 5% by weight, based on the amount of nickel hydroxide / nickel.
- Cobalt oxide quantity power Over 7% by weight of oxyhydroxide, when cobalt oxide is excessive, cobalt elutes into the electrolyte and causes deterioration of reliability during high-temperature storage of batteries. there is a possibility.
- expanded graphite has the following physical properties.
- the volume-based average particle size (D) of expanded graphite is preferably smaller in positive electrode mixtures.
- the film In consideration of the dispersibility of the film, it is required to set it to 25 ⁇ m or less, preferably 20 ⁇ m or less. However, as the average particle size of expanded graphite becomes smaller, pressure molding of positive electrode mixture Therefore, it is necessary to set the average particle size to 5 ⁇ m or more, preferably 10 ⁇ m or more.
- BET specific surface area of the expanded graphite is too small, beat electrolyte retention capability of the positive electrode mixture is low, to lower the discharge characteristics of the battery, 4m 2 / g or more, preferably 5m 2 / g or more is required.
- the BET specific surface area of the expanded graphite is set to 10 m 2 Zg or less, preferably 8 m 2 Zg or less. Is required.
- the bulk density is too low, since the pressure molding of the positive electrode mixture becomes difficult, at least 0.03 g / cm 3 or more, preferably required to be set to 0. 05g / cm 3 or more .
- Expanded graphite is a graphite material obtained by processing an expansion of graphite.
- other ions such as sulfate ions enter the crystal plane of the graphite structure and the (002) plane is expanded.
- graphite crystallites become finer and crystallinity decreases.
- characteristics such as compressibility and stress relaxation tend to be obtained. That is, in the present invention, it is desirable to use expanded graphite that has been sufficiently expanded.
- the expanded graphite further satisfy the following physical properties.
- the crystallite size of expanded graphite: Lc (002) is 30 OA (angstrom) or less, which is preferably sufficiently small.
- Lc (002) means the crystallite size calculated from the half-value width of the X-ray diffraction peak attributed to the (002) plane using the Scherrer equation.
- a battery containing nickel oxyhydroxide in the positive electrode mixture has a high positive electrode potential. Therefore, when the battery is stored at a high temperature, the graphite conductive material is likely to be oxidized and deteriorated. This phenomenon is In particular, graphite with a higher content of impurities (volatile components, etc.) becomes more prominent.
- impurities volatile components, etc.
- iron content in the positive electrode mixture is included, iron becomes complex ions and elutes into the electrolyte during battery storage, and precipitates on the negative electrode, causing a decrease in capacity. From the viewpoint of suppressing such problems and ensuring the reliability of the battery, in the present invention, it is desirable to use high-purity graphite as a precursor of expanded graphite and subject it to an expansion treatment.
- the impurity content of graphite as a precursor is preferably 0.2% by weight or less. Further, it is desirable that the content of iron constituting the impurities is 0.05% by weight or less of graphite as a precursor! /.
- the impurity content of graphite can be determined according to Japanese Industrial Standard (JIS) M8812. That is, if the moisture content is measured by dry weight measurement, the volatile content rate is measured by heating weight measurement, and the ash content rate is measured by mass measurement of the ashed residue (ash content), the sum of these becomes the impurity content.
- JIS Japanese Industrial Standard
- the iron content can be obtained by dissolving the above ash with acid and performing ICP emission analysis. Examples of the ICP emission analyzer include “VISTA-RL” manufactured by VARIAN.
- expansion wrinkle treatment a method of heating high-purity graphite together with an acid is preferable.
- acid used at that time sulfuric acid, nitric acid and the like are preferable.
- the content of expanded graphite in the total amount of oxyhydroxide-nickel, electrolytic diacid-manganese, and expanded graphite contained in the positive electrode mixture ensures the volume energy density of the active material in the positive electrode mixture. It is preferable that the viewpoint power is small. On the other hand, if the content of expanded graphite in the total amount is too small, it is impossible to obtain a sufficient buffering action against the volume change of nickel oxyhydroxide while ensuring sufficient heavy load discharge characteristics. Considering the balance of required characteristics as described above, the content of expanded graphite in the total amount is required to be set to 3 to 15% by weight, preferably 5 to LO weight%.
- nickel hydroxide hydroxide is superior in terms of discharge voltage and heavy load discharge characteristics. Therefore, in consideration of the balance of battery characteristics and price, the content of electrolytic manganese dioxide in the total of oxyhydroxide-nickel and electrolytic dioxide-manganese in the positive electrode mixture is 20-90% by weight, Furthermore, it is preferably 40 to 70% by weight.
- the BET specific surface area of nickel oxyhydroxide is preferably, for example, 10 to 20 m 2 / g, and the volume-based average particle diameter (D) is preferably 10 to 20 / ⁇ ⁇ .
- the volume-based average particle size (D) of manganese oxide is preferably 30-50 ⁇ m! / ⁇
- the reaction scraper equipped with a stirring blade, pure water and a small amount of hydrazine (reducing agent) were poured, and the stirring blade was operated. While publishing with nitrogen gas, add the nickel sulfate ( ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ ) aqueous solution, manganese sulfate ( ⁇ ) aqueous solution, aqueous solution of sodium hydroxide and sodium hydroxide, and aqueous ammonia to the pH of the solution in the tank. was 12.5 and a fixed amount was supplied by a pump so that the temperature was constant at 50 ° C. Meanwhile, by sufficiently stirring the solution in the tank, a solid solution in which manganese was dissolved, and spherical nickel hydroxide consisting of
- Ni Mn (OH) Ni Mn (OH)
- the volume-based average particle diameter measured with a particle size distribution analyzer is 18 m
- the BET specific surface area is 12 m 2 Zg
- the tap density when the total number of tapping is 500 times was 2.2 gZcm 3 .
- oxyhydroxide-nickel P oxyhydroxide-nickel
- nickel oxyhydroxide Q was obtained under the same conditions as described above except that 0.02 mol ZL of sodium hydroxide was used instead of ImolZL of sodium hydroxide aqueous solution.
- Oxyhydroxide-nickel P had the following physical properties.
- volume-based average particle size 19 ⁇ m
- oxyhydroxide-nickel Q had the following physical properties.
- volume-based average particle size 17 ⁇ m
- Nickel content ⁇ Weight of precipitate (g) X O. 2032 ⁇ / ⁇ Weight of nickel oxyhydroxide sample (g) ⁇
- the manganese content was quantified by adding an aqueous nitric acid solution to nickel oxyhydroxide and dissolving it by heating, followed by ICP emission analysis of the resulting solution.
- VISTA-RL manufactured by VARIAN was used as the measuring device.
- Nickel oxyhydroxide 0.2 g of potassium iodide lg and 25 cm 3 of sulfuric acid were added and dissolved thoroughly by continuing to stir. The resulting solution was allowed to stand for 20 minutes. During this process, the highly charged nickel and manganese ions were reduced to divalent by oxidizing potassium iodide into iodine. The reaction was stopped by adding acetic acid-ammonium acetate aqueous solution and ion-exchanged water as a pH buffer solution to the solution after standing for 20 minutes.
- the generated * free iodine was titrated with 0.1 ImolZL of sodium thiosulfate aqueous solution.
- the titer at this time reflects the amount of metal ions having a valence of greater than 2 as described above. Therefore, the average nickel valence of nickel oxyhydroxide was estimated by assuming that the average valence of manganese in oxynickel hydroxide was tetravalent using the nickel content and manganese content already obtained. As a result, it was estimated that the average nickel valence of nickel oxyhydroxide P was 3.12, and the average nickel valence of nickel oxyhydroxide Q was 3.01.
- graphite having physical properties shown in Table 1 was prepared as a conductive material to be included in the positive electrode mixture.
- Graphite a and b are scaly natural graphite obtained by pulverizing and classifying Chinese ore and then purifying it.
- Graphite a and graphite b have different degrees of pulverization and classification and different average particle sizes. .
- Graphite d was obtained by carbonizing and pulverizing and classifying coal-derived pitch coatas. Artificial graphite. Graphite c and graphite d have different levels of pulverization and classification, and have different average particle sizes.
- Graphite e and f are expanded graphite obtained by subjecting scaly natural graphite to heat treatment in sulfuric acid to expand (i.e., interlayer expansion), and then pulverized and classified. Then, the degree of pulverization and classification is different, and the average particle size is different.
- volume-based average particle size was measured by a wet method using a laser diffraction particle size distribution meter “Microtrac FRA” manufactured by Nikkiso Co., Ltd.
- the BET specific surface area was measured by using a specific surface area measuring device “ASAP2010” manufactured by Shimadzu Corporation to adsorb N gas after the sample was dried and degassed.
- Electrolytic manganese dioxide, nickel oxyhydroxide P, and graphite a are blended at a weight ratio of 46: 46: 8, and an amount of acid equivalent to 5% by weight of oxyhydroxide-nickel P is added.
- Zinc was added and mixed to obtain a positive electrode mixture powder.
- the positive electrode mixture powder was mixed. The mixture was stirred until it became uniform and sized to a constant particle size.
- a 40% by weight aqueous solution of potassium hydroxide was used as the alkaline electrolyte.
- the obtained granular material was pressure-molded into a hollow cylindrical shape to obtain a positive electrode material mixture pellet A1.
- nickel oxyhydroxide Q is used in place of nickel oxyhydroxide P, and in combination with graphite a to h, the weight of the positive electrode material is all the same as above, and the positive electrode mixture pellets A2 to H2 respectively.
- AA-sized nickel manganese batteries A1 to H1 and A2 to H2 were produced using the positive electrode mixture pellets A1 to H1 and A2 to H2, respectively.
- Fig. 1 is a front view showing a cross section of a part of the nickel manganese battery fabricated here.
- the positive electrode case 1 which also serves as the positive electrode terminal, a can-shaped case made of nickel-plated steel plate was used. A graphite coating film 2 was formed on the inner surface of the positive electrode case 1.
- a plurality of short cylindrical positive electrode mixture pellets 3 were inserted.
- the positive electrode material mixture pellet 3 was re-pressurized in the positive electrode case 1 and adhered to the inner surface of the positive electrode case 1.
- a separator 4 was inserted into the space of the positive electrode mixture pellet 3 and brought into contact with the hollow inner surface.
- An insulating cap 5 was placed on the bottom of the can-shaped case in the hollow.
- an alkaline electrolyte was poured into the positive electrode case 1 to wet the positive electrode material mixture pellet 3 and the separator 4. After injecting the electrolytic solution, the gelled negative electrode 6 was filled inside the separator 4.
- sodium polyacrylate as a gelling agent sodium polyacrylate as a gelling agent
- an alkaline electrolyte, and zinc powder as a negative electrode active material were used.
- a resin sealing plate 7 having a short cylindrical center portion and a thin outer peripheral portion force and having an inner groove at the peripheral end portion of the outer peripheral portion was prepared.
- the peripheral edge of the bottom plate 8 that also serves as the negative electrode terminal was fitted.
- An insulating washer 9 was interposed between the sealing plate 7 and the bottom plate 8.
- a nail-like negative electrode current collector 10 was inserted into the hollow of the central portion of the sealing plate 7.
- the negative electrode current collector previously integrated with the sealing plate 7, the bottom plate 8, and the insulating washer 9 10 was inserted into the gelled negative electrode 6.
- the opening end portion of the positive electrode case 1 was pressed against the peripheral edge portion of the bottom plate 8 via the peripheral edge portion of the sealing plate 7 to seal the opening of the positive electrode case 1.
- the outer surface of the positive electrode case 1 was covered with an exterior label 11 to complete a nickel manganese battery.
- the first nickel manganese batteries A1 to H1 and A2 to H2 were each continuously discharged at a constant current of 50 mA at 20 ° C., and the discharge capacity until the battery voltage reached 0.9 V was measured.
- the first nickel manganese batteries A1 to H1 and A2 to H2 were each discharged continuously at a constant power of 1 W at 20 ° C, and the discharge time until the battery voltage reached a final voltage of 0.9 V was measured.
- the batteries A1 to H1 and A2 to H2 after storage for 3 days at 80 ° C were continuously discharged at 20 ° C with a constant power of 1 W, and the discharge time until the battery voltage reached the final voltage of 0.9 V was measured. .
- Aged nickel hydroxide P (3.12 valence)
- Aged nickel hydroxide Q (3.01 valent) Black precursor 50mA 1W After storage 50mA 1W After storage Battery
- Oxyhydroxide-nickel in a high-acid state contains ⁇ -type crystals ( ⁇ -NiOOH), and ⁇ -NiOOH is / 3 type or a-type hydroxylated upon discharge.
- the structure changes to nickel.
- general graphite a to d
- expanded graphite e to h
- expanded graphite is excellent in compressibility and stress relaxation, so that expanded graphite works as a buffer against volume change even if volume change of oxyhydroxide-nickel in a highly oxidized state occurs. It is considered that sufficient electrical connection between the active materials can be secured.
- a battery using oxyhydroxide-nickel in a high-acid state is an oxyhydroxide-nickel composed of ⁇ -type crystals in which zinc and cobalt are dissolved without dissolving manganese.
- the heavy load discharge (1 W discharge) characteristic is lowered as compared with the battery using (j8 NiOOH).
- Even in the case of the batteries E1 to H1 of the present invention even when the force is reduced, high values of 112 to 115 (Table 2) are obtained, and j8-NiOOH as described above was used. Better performance than batteries. Therefore, it can be seen that according to the present invention, which only improves the capacity at low load discharge (50 mA discharge), higher performance than existing alkaline batteries can be achieved over the entire range of low load to heavy load.
- the batteries E1 to H1 of the present invention all ensure relatively high performance.
- high characteristics have been obtained in batteries using expanded graphite g and h obtained from highly purified graphite. This is because, in expanded high-purity graphite, the BET specific surface area is kept relatively small, and the impurity content of iron is kept low, so the reaction between black lead and the electrolyte is greatly increased. It can be understood that it was suppressed.
- Electrolytic manganese dioxide and oxynickel hydroxide P are blended at a weight ratio of 50:50, and added with zinc oxide in an amount corresponding to 5% by weight of oxyhydroxide-nickel P. Further, the content of graphite f in the total amount of oxyhydroxide-nickel P, electrolytic diacid-manganese, and graphite f is 0.5% by weight, 1% by weight, 3% by weight, and 5% by weight, respectively. 8% by weight and 15% by weight were mixed to obtain positive electrode mixture powders XI, X2, X3, X4, X5 and X6.
- AA-sized nickel-manganese batteries ⁇ 1 to ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ 6 were produced in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the above-described positive electrode mixture powders XI to X6 were used. The test was performed in the same manner as the low load discharge characteristics and the heavy load discharge characteristics.
- the discharge capacity or discharge time obtained for battery ⁇ 2 of Example 1 is set as a reference value 100, and the results obtained for each battery are shown in Table 3 as relative values to battery ⁇ 2.
- stirring in the tank was continued while controlling the liquid temperature in the tank to be constant at 35 ° C and pH of 10.
- cobalt hydroxide was precipitated on the surface of the raw material hydroxide-nickel particles.
- the amount of hydroxide-cobalt precipitated on the surface of the hydroxide-nickel particles was adjusted to 2% by weight with respect to the amount of raw material nickel hydroxide.
- the average nickel valence was measured in the same manner as in Example 1. As a result, the average nickel valence of oxyhydroxide-nickel is about 3.1, and the average nickel valence of oxyhydroxide-nickel S is about 3.0. there were.
- Electrolytic manganese dioxide, oxynickel hydroxide R, and graphite a are blended at a weight ratio of 46: 46: 8, and zinc oxide in an amount corresponding to 5% by weight of oxyhydroxide-nickel R is added. It added and mixed and the positive mix powder was obtained. After adding 1 part by weight of alkaline electrolyte per 100 parts by weight of oxyhydroxide-nickel R and manganese dioxide-manganese, stir the positive electrode mixture powder with a mixer and mix until uniform At the same time, the particles were sized to a constant particle size. A 40% by weight aqueous solution of potassium hydroxide was used as the alkaline electrolyte. The obtained granular material was press-molded into a hollow cylindrical shape to obtain a positive electrode material mixture pellet A3.
- AA-sized nickel manganese batteries A3 to H3 and A4 to H4 were produced in the same manner as in Example 1.
- Example 1 the discharge capacity or discharge time obtained for battery A2 of Example 1 was set as the reference value 100, and the results obtained for each battery are shown in Table 4 as relative values to battery A2.
- the amount of hydroxide-cobalt precipitated on the surface of the hydroxide-nickel particles was the same as in Example 3 except that the amount was adjusted to 1% by weight with respect to the amount of raw material nickel hydroxide. Then, a nickel hydroxide hydroxide carrying cobalt hydroxide was prepared, and then 200 g of nickel hydroxide nickel hydroxide carrying cobalt hydroxide was put into 1 L of an aqueous solution of sodium hydroxide and sodium hydroxide of ImolZL. A sufficient amount of an aqueous sodium hypochlorite solution (effective chlorine concentration: 5% by weight) of the additive was added and stirred.
- the cobalt hydroxide was oxidized to a highly oxidized state, and at the same time, the nickel hydroxide was oxidized to the nickel hydroxide hydroxide.
- the obtained particles were sufficiently washed with water and vacuum-dried at 60 ° C. for 24 hours to obtain oxyhydroxide-nickel T1.
- the amount of hydroxide-cobalt deposited on the surface of the nickel hydroxide-nickel particles is 2% by weight, 3% by weight, 4% by weight, 5% by weight with respect to the amount of the raw material nickel hydroxide.
- Nickel oxyhydroxides T2 to T9 were prepared in the same manner as described above except that the content was adjusted to 6 wt%, 7 wt%, 8 wt%, and 9 wt%.
- Electrolytic manganese dioxide, oxynickel hydroxide T1, and graphite a are blended in a weight ratio of 46: 46: 8, and an amount of oxide suboxide equivalent to 5% by weight of oxyhydroxide-nickel T1.
- Lead was added and mixed to obtain a positive electrode mixture powder.
- the positive electrode mixture powder is stirred with a mixer and mixed until uniform. Sized to a constant particle size.
- As the alkaline electrolyte a 40% by weight aqueous solution of potassium hydroxide was used. The obtained granular material was pressure-molded into a hollow cylindrical shape to obtain a positive electrode material mixture pellet Y1.
- nickel oxyhydroxides T2 to T9 were used in place of nickel oxyhydroxide T1, and the weights of the positive electrode materials were all the same as described above to obtain positive electrode mixture pellets ⁇ 2 to ⁇ 9, respectively.
- Example 1 Using the above-mentioned positive electrode mixture pellets ⁇ 1 to ⁇ 9, AA-sized nickel manganese batteries ⁇ 1 to ⁇ 9 were produced in the same manner as in Example 1. Battery ⁇ 2 is substantially the same battery as battery F3.
- Example 1 the discharge capacity or discharge time obtained for battery ⁇ 2 of Example 1 is set as the reference value 100, and the results obtained for each battery are shown in Table 5 as relative values to battery ⁇ 2.
- the heavy-load discharge characteristics tend to improve as the amount of cobalt oxide attached to nickel oxyhydroxide increases.
- the amount of cobalt oxide deposited becomes excessive, it is considered that the cobalt elution phenomenon occurs remarkably from the positive electrode of the battery during high temperature storage, and the battery performance tends to deteriorate.
- the amount of cobalt oxide is preferably 7% by weight or less with respect to the amount of nickel oxyhydroxide.
- expanded graphite is a battery in which expanded graphite with d of 3.37 A or more and Lc (002) of 300 A or less is preferred. Protection
- the mixing ratio of electrolytic dioxide-manganese and oxyhydroxide-nickel is 50:50 by weight ratio between nickel oxide hydroxide and electrolytic manganese dioxide.
- a similar alkaline battery can be obtained if the content of electrolytic diacid-manganese in the total is 20 to 90% by weight.
- the power of producing a battery by adding acid zinc corresponding to 5% by weight of nickel hydroxide and nickel to the positive electrode mixture is not essential for the present invention. Absent. Further, in the above embodiment, the 1S invention adopting a so-called inside-out type alkaline dry battery structure is applicable to batteries having other structures such as an alkaline button type and a square type.
- the present invention is applied to an alkaline battery, in particular, a nickel manganese battery as a primary battery, in which a positive electrode mixture contains manganese dioxide and oxyhydroxide nickel as active materials. According to the present invention, it is possible to obtain an alkaline battery having a high capacity and excellent storage characteristics under a wide discharge condition up to a low load discharge force and a heavy load discharge.
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Abstract
Description
Claims
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US11/630,335 US20080070114A1 (en) | 2004-06-28 | 2005-06-16 | Alkaline Battery |
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JP2004189701A JP2006012670A (ja) | 2004-06-28 | 2004-06-28 | アルカリ電池 |
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US20100068620A1 (en) * | 2006-11-22 | 2010-03-18 | Jun Nunome | Alkaline battery |
JP2009043547A (ja) * | 2007-08-08 | 2009-02-26 | Fdk Energy Co Ltd | 電池用電解二酸化マンガン、正極合剤およびアルカリ電池 |
JP5237680B2 (ja) * | 2008-04-18 | 2013-07-17 | パナソニック株式会社 | 単3形アルカリ乾電池および単4形アルカリ乾電池 |
CN102569751A (zh) * | 2010-12-08 | 2012-07-11 | 比亚迪股份有限公司 | 一种碱锰电池正极材料及其碱锰电池 |
KR101338833B1 (ko) * | 2012-04-30 | 2013-12-06 | 세방전지(주) | 배터리 전해액 혼합장치 |
CN102832371B (zh) * | 2012-08-26 | 2015-07-29 | 宁波倍特瑞能源科技有限公司 | 碱性干电池及碱性干电池用正极合剂粒料 |
JP6857862B2 (ja) * | 2017-03-29 | 2021-04-14 | パナソニックIpマネジメント株式会社 | 二次電池 |
CN114824658B (zh) * | 2022-04-29 | 2023-06-27 | 渤海大学 | 一种用于钾氧电池的蜂窝多孔片状氧化镍材料隔膜的制备方法 |
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JP2001332250A (ja) * | 2000-05-23 | 2001-11-30 | Matsushita Electric Ind Co Ltd | アルカリ乾電池 |
JP2003017080A (ja) * | 2001-06-29 | 2003-01-17 | Toshiba Battery Co Ltd | 亜鉛アルカリ電池 |
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EP0353837B1 (en) * | 1988-07-19 | 1994-07-27 | Yuasa Corporation | A nickel electrode for an alkaline battery |
JP3450894B2 (ja) * | 1994-03-28 | 2003-09-29 | 松下電器産業株式会社 | アルカリマンガン電池 |
WO1997019479A1 (en) * | 1995-11-22 | 1997-05-29 | Matsushita Electric Industrial Co., Ltd. | Positive plate active material for alkaline storage battery and positive electrode |
DE69712582T2 (de) * | 1996-09-20 | 2003-01-09 | Matsushita Electric Ind Co Ltd | Aktives Material für die positive Elektrode alkalischer Speicherbatterien |
CN100361330C (zh) * | 1997-01-30 | 2008-01-09 | 三洋电机株式会社 | 密封碱性蓄电池 |
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US20040248007A1 (en) * | 2003-06-09 | 2004-12-09 | Hiromi Tamakoshi | Positive electrode for alkaline battery and alkaline battery using the same |
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2004
- 2004-06-28 JP JP2004189701A patent/JP2006012670A/ja not_active Withdrawn
-
2005
- 2005-06-16 CN CNB2005800202356A patent/CN100431212C/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2005-06-16 WO PCT/JP2005/011019 patent/WO2006001209A1/ja active Application Filing
- 2005-06-16 US US11/630,335 patent/US20080070114A1/en not_active Abandoned
Patent Citations (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JP2001332250A (ja) * | 2000-05-23 | 2001-11-30 | Matsushita Electric Ind Co Ltd | アルカリ乾電池 |
JP2003017080A (ja) * | 2001-06-29 | 2003-01-17 | Toshiba Battery Co Ltd | 亜鉛アルカリ電池 |
JP2003017079A (ja) * | 2001-06-29 | 2003-01-17 | Toshiba Battery Co Ltd | 亜鉛アルカリ電池 |
JP2003234101A (ja) * | 2002-02-07 | 2003-08-22 | Fdk Corp | アルカリ一次電池 |
JP2003297343A (ja) * | 2002-04-01 | 2003-10-17 | Hitachi Maxell Ltd | 正極およびそれを用いたアルカリ電池 |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
CN100431212C (zh) | 2008-11-05 |
US20080070114A1 (en) | 2008-03-20 |
CN1969414A (zh) | 2007-05-23 |
JP2006012670A (ja) | 2006-01-12 |
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