WO2005093877A1 - アルカリ蓄電池 - Google Patents
アルカリ蓄電池 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2005093877A1 WO2005093877A1 PCT/JP2005/006535 JP2005006535W WO2005093877A1 WO 2005093877 A1 WO2005093877 A1 WO 2005093877A1 JP 2005006535 W JP2005006535 W JP 2005006535W WO 2005093877 A1 WO2005093877 A1 WO 2005093877A1
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- Prior art keywords
- separator
- storage battery
- alkaline storage
- papermaking web
- positive electrode
- Prior art date
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Classifications
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/24—Alkaline accumulators
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/24—Alkaline accumulators
- H01M10/30—Nickel accumulators
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
- H01M50/40—Separators; Membranes; Diaphragms; Spacing elements inside cells
- H01M50/409—Separators, membranes or diaphragms characterised by the material
- H01M50/411—Organic material
- H01M50/414—Synthetic resins, e.g. thermoplastics or thermosetting resins
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
- H01M50/40—Separators; Membranes; Diaphragms; Spacing elements inside cells
- H01M50/409—Separators, membranes or diaphragms characterised by the material
- H01M50/44—Fibrous material
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
- H01M50/40—Separators; Membranes; Diaphragms; Spacing elements inside cells
- H01M50/409—Separators, membranes or diaphragms characterised by the material
- H01M50/449—Separators, membranes or diaphragms characterised by the material having a layered structure
- H01M50/451—Separators, membranes or diaphragms characterised by the material having a layered structure comprising layers of only organic material and layers containing inorganic material
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
- H01M50/40—Separators; Membranes; Diaphragms; Spacing elements inside cells
- H01M50/489—Separators, membranes, diaphragms or spacing elements inside the cells, characterised by their physical properties, e.g. swelling degree, hydrophilicity or shut down properties
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/34—Gastight accumulators
- H01M10/345—Gastight metal hydride accumulators
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
Definitions
- the present invention relates to an alkaline storage battery having an alkaline electrolyte.
- alkaline storage batteries have attracted attention as a power source for portable field devices and portable devices, and as a power source for electric vehicles and hybrid vehicles.
- Various types of alkaline storage batteries have been proposed.
- a positive electrode composed mainly of an active material mainly composed of hydroxide hydroxide, a negative electrode mainly composed of a hydrogen storage alloy, and a hydroxide Nickel-metal hydride secondary batteries equipped with an alkaline electrolyte including a power rim are rapidly spreading as secondary batteries having a high energy density and excellent reliability.
- the nickel-hydrogen rechargeable battery has a problem that the self-discharge characteristic deteriorates (deteriorates) when charging and discharging are repeated.
- a nickel hydrogen secondary battery having good self-discharge characteristics even after repeated charge / discharge has been proposed (for example, see Patent Document 1).
- Patent Document 1 Japanese Unexamined Patent Application Publication No. 2001-313130
- Patent Document 1 points out that metal ions eluted from the positive electrode and the negative electrode are deposited on the separator, and a continuous conductive path is formed between the positive electrode and the negative electrode by the conductive precipitate. . In other words, they point out that the conductive path generated between the two electrodes is the cause of the decrease in self-discharge characteristics. In detail, they point out that if the amount of electrolyte retained in the separator decreases (the solution dies), metal ions eluted in the electrolyte tend to precipitate on the separator.
- the amount of the electrolyte held in the separator is set to 15 mg / cm 2 or more at the time of assembling the battery, so that the electrolyte held in the separator can be repeatedly charged and discharged.
- the positive and negative electrodes This suppresses the metal ions eluted from the separator from depositing on the separator, thereby improving the self-discharge characteristics.
- Patent Document 1 0 ⁇ 60 (m 2 / g) specific surface area of the separator to 0. 90 in the range of (m 2 / g), eye ⁇ a 60 (g / m 2) ⁇ 85 (gZm It is disclosed that by setting the range of 2 ), the self-discharge characteristics can be improved. Specifically, in Patent Document 1, self-discharge is performed for a battery that has been charged and discharged at 13 A (2 C) for 30 minutes, and has been subjected to 200 charge / discharge cycles of discharging at 13 A (2 C) until the battery voltage reaches 1 V. Evaluating the characteristics. That is, the battery of Patent Document 1 can maintain good self-discharge characteristics even after 200 cycles of charging and discharging. Disclosure of the invention
- the present invention has been made in view of such circumstances, and an object of the present invention is to provide a battery that can maintain good self-discharge characteristics for a long period of time.
- the solution is an alkaline storage battery comprising a positive electrode, a negative electrode, a separator, and an alkaline electrolyte, wherein the separator is made of a nonwoven fabric having a plurality of papermaking web layers laminated, and has a basis weight of A (gZm 2 ), Where the specific surface area is B (m 2 / g) and the thickness is C (mm), the alkaline storage battery satisfies the relationship of 8.8 ⁇ AXBXC ⁇ 15.2. .
- the separator is made of a nonwoven fabric in which a plurality of papermaking web layers are laminated.
- An alkaline storage battery using a nonwoven fabric in which a plurality of papermaking web layers are laminated as a separator has better self-discharge characteristics than a case where a single-layer nonwoven fabric is used. This is considered to be because the use of a nonwoven fabric in which a plurality of papermaking web layers are laminated increases the number of discontinuous surfaces between the papermaking web layers, and makes it difficult to form a conductive path connecting the two electrodes.
- the separator has a basis weight of A (g / m 2 ), a specific surface area of B (m 2 / g), and a thickness of C (mm), 8.8 ⁇ AXB XC ⁇ The relationship of 15.2 is satisfied.
- the present inventor has proposed that by extending the path between the positive electrode and the negative electrode formed along the fibers of the separator (hereinafter, also referred to as an inter-electrode path), a conductive path connecting the two electrodes is formed. I thought it would be difficult.
- the basis weight A (gZm 2 ), the specific surface area B (m 2 / g), and the thickness C (mm) of the separator we focused on three factors: the basis weight A (gZm 2 ), the specific surface area B (m 2 / g), and the thickness C (mm) of the separator, and found that the value AXBXC multiplied by these factors was large. As a result, it was found that the self-discharge characteristics were improved. Specifically, by using a separator satisfying the relationship of AXBXC ⁇ 8.8, the self-discharge characteristics of the alkaline storage battery can be improved. This is considered to be because by setting AXBXC ⁇ 8.8, a sufficient path between the electrodes can be ensured, and the formation of a conductive path connecting the two electrodes can be suppressed.
- the value of AXBXC may be increased to improve the self-discharge characteristics.
- the fiber density of the separator becomes too large (the number of voids decreases), the air permeability of the separator decreases, and the internal pressure of the alkaline storage battery increases. There is a possibility that it will end.
- the alkaline storage battery of the present invention uses a separator that satisfies the relationship of AXBXC ⁇ 15.2, so it is possible to suppress a decrease in the air permeability of the separator, and as a result, the internal pressure of the alkaline storage battery increases. Can be suppressed.
- the papermaking web layer is an aggregate of fibers made from a slurry by a net, A single-layer sheet.
- the nonwoven fabric forming the separator of the present invention may be a wet nonwoven fabric or a dry nonwoven fabric.
- the alkaline storage battery of the present invention includes, for example, a nickel single-layer battery, a nickel-hydrogen battery, and a nickel-zinc battery, and is particularly suitable for electric vehicles and hybrid vehicles. .
- the nonwoven fabric forming the separator has a plurality of papermaking web layers different in at least one of the basis weight, specific surface area, thickness, and / or sulfonation degree. It is good to use a storage battery.
- the nonwoven fabric forming the separator has a plurality of papermaking web layers different in at least one of the basis weight, specific surface area, thickness, and / or sulfonation degree. As described above, by forming a separator (nonwoven fabric) by a plurality of papermaking web layers having different properties, the characteristics of the alkaline storage battery can be improved.
- the nonwoven fabric forming the separator has a negative electrode side papermaking web layer on the positive electrode side papermaking web layer compared to the positive electrode side papermaking web layer
- the formation of conductive paths can be suppressed efficiently.
- selectively increasing the basis weight of the papermaking web layer in one separator suppresses an increase in the fiber density of the entire separator as compared with the case where the basis weight of all papermaking web layers is increased. be able to. For this reason, a decrease in the air permeability of the separator can be suppressed, and a rise in the internal pressure of the alkaline storage battery can be suppressed.
- the degree of sulfonation (the number of s atoms contained in the fiber and the number of c atoms contained in the fiber) of the papermaking web layer constituting one separator (non-woven fabric) is changed, sulfonation occurs.
- the air permeability can be secured by the papermaking web layer having a small degree of sulfonation while the electrolyte is kept in the separator by the papermaking web layer having a large degree.
- the alkaline storage battery according to any one of the above, wherein the amount of the electrolytic solution is 3.0 (g) or more and 3.5 (g) or less per 1 Ah of theoretical capacity of the positive electrode. Good.
- the electrolyte solution is taken into the space between the positive electrode active material crystal lattice and the electrode space generated by the swelling of the electrode due to repeated charge and discharge, and the electrolyte solution in the separator becomes insufficient. If the electrolyte in the separator runs short (liquid withdrawal), metal ions eluted in the electrolyte tend to precipitate on the separator, which may result in the formation of a conductive path connecting the two electrodes.
- the amount of the electrolytic solution is set to 3.0 (g) or more per 1 Ah of the theoretical capacity of the positive electrode. As a result, it is possible to prevent the liquid of the separator from withering, and to improve the self-discharge characteristics.
- the separator can be prevented from withering.However, when the amount of the electrolyte is too large, the air permeability of the separator decreases, and the internal pressure of the alkaline storage battery decreases. There is a possibility that it will rise.
- the amount of the electrolytic solution is set to 3.5 (g) or less per 1 Ah of the theoretical capacity of the positive electrode. As a result, an increase in the internal pressure of the alkaline storage battery can be suppressed.
- the theoretical capacity of the positive electrode is, for example, when nickel hydroxide is used as the positive electrode active material, the capacity is calculated as 289 mAh per gram of nickel hydroxide.
- the separator may be an alkaline storage battery that has been subjected to a sulfonation-hydrophilic treatment with sulfuric anhydride.
- the separator since the separator is subjected to the sulfonated hydrophilic treatment, the liquid retention property is improved and the liquid can be prevented from withering.
- the sulfonated hydrophilic treatment using sulfuric anhydride since it is used, it can be sulfonated to the inside of the fiber constituting the separator, and the liquid retaining property can be improved.
- the sulfonated hydrophilic treatment with sulfuric anhydride is preferable in that the unreacted sulfuric acid does not need to be washed after the treatment, so that the treatment step can be simplified.
- the papermaking web layer is an alkaline storage battery including at least two types of fibers having different degrees of sulfonation.
- the papermaking web layer constituting the separator has at least two types of fibers having different degrees of sulfonation. That is, fibers with different hydrophilicity
- the electrolyte solution can be unevenly distributed in the papermaking web layer and thus in the separator.
- an air passage can be formed around the fibers having a low degree of sulfonation. Therefore, both the liquid retention property and the air permeability can be improved.
- the degree of sulfonation is a value obtained by (number of S atoms contained in fiber) / (number of C atoms contained in fiber). Further, the degree of sulfonation of the fibers forming the separator can be calculated from the intensity ratio of the S element, for example, by measuring the intensity ratio of the S element using a known X-ray fluorescence analyzer.
- the plurality of papermaking web layers may each include a splittable conjugate fiber in an amount of 30% by weight or more and 50% by weight or less. .
- each of the plurality of papermaking web layers constituting the separator contains 30% by weight or more and 50% by weight or less of the splittable conjugate fiber.
- the path between the electrodes can be increased, and the formation of the conductive path connecting the electrodes can be suppressed.
- the fiber density of the separator is prevented from becoming too large. Thereby, a decrease in the air permeability of the separator can be suppressed, and an increase in the internal pressure of the alkaline storage battery can be suppressed.
- the splittable conjugate fiber refers to an ultrafine fiber obtained by conjugate spinning two or more different components, forming a cloth, and then splitting.
- the splittable conjugate fiber is an alkaline storage battery including at least two kinds of fibers selected from polypropylene, polyethylene, polystyrene, polymethylpentene, and polybutylene.
- the splittable conjugate fiber contained in each papermaking web layer is composed of at least two types of fibers selected from polypropylene, polyethylene, polystyrene, polymethyl / repentene, and polybutylene. Since the splittable conjugate fiber composed of these fibers has a high melting point, the heat is applied during the process of making the nonwoven fabric. In addition, the crystal form of the splittable conjugate fiber is hard to collapse, and the formation can be maintained well. Therefore, by including such a splittable conjugate fiber in an amount of 30% by weight or more and 50% by weight or less, the path between the electrodes can be made sufficiently large, and the formation of a conductive path connecting the electrodes can be suppressed. can do.
- a splittable conjugate fiber in an amount of 30% by weight or more and 50% by weight or less, the path between the electrodes can be made sufficiently large, and the formation of a conductive path connecting the electrodes can be suppressed. can do.
- FIG. 1 is a perspective cutaway view of a rechargeable battery 10 according to Examples 1 and 2.
- FIG. 2 is a diagram showing a configuration of an electrode group 12 of the battery 10 according to the first and second embodiments, and is a cross-sectional view taken along a direction along the upper surface 11 c of the lid 11 b. It is.
- FIG. 3 is a graph showing the relationship between the basis weight A of the separator 12 d and the residual SOC after the test for the alkaline storage battery 10 according to the first embodiment.
- FIG. 4 is a graph showing the relationship between the specific surface area B of the separator 12 d and the residual SOC after the test for the alkaline storage battery 10 according to Example 1.
- FIG. 5 shows the relationship between '(weight per unit area AX specific surface area BX thickness C) and residual SOC after the test, and the relation between (weight per unit area AX specific surface area BX thickness C) and internal pressure for the alkaline storage battery 10 according to Example 1. Is a Dalaf showing the relationship.
- Figure 6 shows the relationship between the amount of electrolyte per 1 Ah of the theoretical capacity of the positive electrode and the SOC remaining after the test, and the electrolysis per 1 Ah of the theoretical capacity of the positive electrode for the alkaline storage battery 10 according to Example 2.
- 4 is a graph showing a relationship between a liquid amount and an internal pressure.
- the alkaline storage battery 10 includes a case 11 having a lid lib, an electrode group 12 disposed in the case 11, and an electrolyte (not shown). And a safety valve 13 fixed to the lid lib, a positive electrode terminal 14 and a negative electrode terminal 15.
- the electrode group 12 includes a bag-shaped separator 12 d (hatching is omitted), a positive electrode 12 b, and a negative electrode 12 c.
- the positive electrode 12b is inserted into the bag-shaped separator 12d, and the positive electrode 12b inserted into the separator 12d and the negative electrode 12c are alternately laminated. .
- the positive electrode 12b includes an active material support and a positive electrode active material supported on the active material support.
- the active material support also functions as a current collector, and for example, a porous metal such as foamed nickel or a punching metal can be used.
- a porous metal such as foamed nickel or a punching metal can be used.
- an active material containing nickel hydroxide and cobalt can be used as the positive electrode active material.
- Example 1 a positive electrode 12b was prepared by filling an active material paste containing hydroxide-nickel into a foam nickel (active material support) ', followed by drying, pressing, and cutting.
- a material containing a hydrogen storage alloy, a hydridizing alloy, or the like as a negative electrode constituent material can be used.
- a negative electrode 12c was prepared by applying a paste containing a hydrogen storage alloy to a conductive support, drying, pressing, and cutting the paste.
- an electrolyte commonly used for alkaline storage batteries can be used.
- an alkaline aqueous solution containing KOH and having a specific gravity of 1.2 to 1.4 can be used.
- an alkaline aqueous solution containing KOH as a main component of the solute and having a specific gravity of 1.3 was used as the electrolytic solution.
- the amount of such an electrolytic solution was set to 3.2 g per 1 Ah of the theoretical capacity of the positive electrode.
- the theoretical capacity of the positive electrode was 289 mAh per gram of nickel hydroxide in the positive electrode active material. I'm calculating.
- a nonwoven fabric made of a synthetic fiber subjected to a hydrophilic treatment can be used.
- a polyolefin-based nonwoven fabric or an ethylene-vinyl alcohol copolymer nonwoven fabric which has been rendered hydrophilic by sulfonation or application of a surfactant can be used as the separator 12d.
- the separator 12d is made of a nonwoven fabric in which a first papermaking web layer 12f and a second papermaking web layer 12g are laminated, as shown in an enlarged manner in FIG.
- the first papermaking paper layer 12 f and the second papermaking web layer 12 g are the same papermaking paper layer and contain 30% by weight of a splittable conjugate fiber composed of polypropylene and polyethylene.
- the separator 12 d is subjected to a sulfonated hydrophilic treatment, and as described later, the sulfonation of the polypropylene fiber and the polyethylene fiber contained in the first and second papermaking web layers 12 f and 12 g is performed. Chemical degree (number of 3 atoms ⁇ number of atoms) 1S Each differs.
- Such a separator 1 2d was manufactured as follows. First, a splittable conjugate fiber and a non-splittable fiber composed of polypropylene and polyethylene are mixed at a weight ratio of 3: 7, and then mixed with water so that the weight ratio becomes 0.01 to 0.6 mass%. Disperse to prepare slurry. Next, a first papermaking web is prepared from the slurry using a wet paper machine. Next, the first papermaking web is subjected to a heat treatment or the like to form a first papermaking web layer 12 f. Further, in the same manner, a second papermaking web layer 12 g is prepared.
- the nonwoven fabric forming the separator 12d is made of fibers having different sulfonation reaction rates, such as polypropylene fibers and polyethylene fibers.
- the sulfonated separator 12 d could be composed of a plurality of fibers having different sulfonation degrees.
- the degree of sulfonation of the polypropylene and polyethylene contained in the first and second papermaking web layers 12 f and 12 g (the number of S atoms contained in the fiber Z and the C content contained in the fiber) number of atoms), respectively, 3. 6 X 1 0- 3 and 1.9 I met X 10- 3.
- the degree of sulfonation was calculated based on the intensity ratio of the S element measured using a known X-ray fluorescence analyzer.
- the specific surface area of the separator 12d was measured using a BET method (JISZ 8830) using nitrogen adsorption.
- the thickness of the separator 12d was measured using a micrometer (JISB7502 0-25mm) at two measurement points at a total of 16 points, 8 points on each of two 20cm x 20cm test pieces. The average of the measured values is used.
- one type is selected from the six types of bag-shaped separators 12d, and the positive electrode 12b is inserted into each of the selected multiple types of separators 12d.
- a plurality of separators 12 d into which the positive electrodes 12 b are inserted and a plurality of negative electrodes 12 c are alternately laminated to form the electrode group 12.
- an aqueous solution of Al-galli having a specific gravity of 1.3 is injected.
- the positive electrode terminal 14 and the positive electrode 12b are connected by a lead wire, and the negative electrode terminal 15 and the negative electrode 12c are connected by a lead wire.
- the case 11 was sealed with a lid 11 b provided with a safety valve 13 to produce an alkaline storage battery 10.
- a self-discharge characteristic evaluation test was performed on each of the six types of alkaline storage batteries 10.
- each of the six types of alkaline storage batteries 10 was charged and discharged for 1000 cycles.
- One cycle consists of charging at 2C (13 A) for 30 minutes and discharging at 2C (13 A) until the battery voltage reaches IV.
- each of the alkaline storage batteries was charged to a SOC (State Of Charge) of 60% with a current of 0.6 C (3.9 A) for one week in an atmosphere of 45 ° C. I left it.
- 1 C 6.5 A
- SOC 100% 6.5 Ah.
- Example 1 a very large number of charge / discharge cycles of 1000 cycles were performed to investigate whether good self-discharge characteristics could be obtained over a long period of time. is there.
- Example 1 the alkaline storage battery 10 having a residual SOC of 25% or more after the test was evaluated as an alkaline storage battery having good self-discharge characteristics.
- the internal storage battery 10 having an internal pressure of 0.6 MPa or less was evaluated as an internal storage battery having good internal pressure characteristics.
- Table 1 a separator 12d with a basis weight of 84 (g / m 2 ), a specific surface area of 0.42 (m 2 / g), and a thickness of 0.18 (mm) was obtained.
- the residual SOC after the test was reduced to 18%.
- the self-discharge characteristics were unfavorable, resulting in a result.
- alkaline storage battery 10 (Table 2 ) using a separator 12 d with a basis weight of 87 (g / m 2 ), a specific surface area of 0.28 (m 2 / g) and a thickness of 0.21 (mm).
- the internal pressure increased significantly to 0.85 MPa, and the internal pressure characteristics were not favorable.
- FIG. 3 is a graph showing the relationship between the basis weight A of the separator 12d and the remaining SOC after the test based on the test results in Table 1. As can be seen from FIG. 3, it cannot be said that the self-discharge characteristics are necessarily improved by increasing the basis weight of the separator 12d.
- FIG. 4 is a graph showing the relationship between the specific surface area B of the separator 12d and the residual SOC after the test based on the test results in Table 1. As can be seen from FIG. 4, the self-discharge characteristics are not necessarily improved by increasing the specific surface area of the separator 12d.
- Figure 5 shows the relationship between the (area weight AX specific surface area BX thickness C) of the separator 1 2d and the residual SOC after the test, and the (area weight AX specific surface area BX thickness C) and the internal pressure based on the test results in Table 1. It is a graph showing the relationship. The relationship between (the specific AX specific surface area BX thickness C) and the residual SOC after the test is shown by a black circle (parable) in FIG. From Fig. 5, it can be said that the self-discharge characteristics become better as the value of '(basis AX specific surface area BX thickness C) is increased.
- the residual SOC after the test was reduced to 13%, and the self-discharge characteristics were not favorable. 'This is probably because in this comparative example, a single-layer nonwoven fabric was used as the separator. In other words, it is considered that a separator composed of a single papermaking web layer is more likely to form a conductive path that connects between the positive electrode and the negative electrode than a separator composed of a plurality of papermaking web layers. .
- the internal pressure was 0.33 MPa, and the internal pressure characteristics were good.
- the alkaline storage battery 20 of the second embodiment has the same structure as the alkaline storage battery 10 of the first embodiment.
- the five types of alkaline storage batteries 20 according to the second embodiment differ only in the amount of injected electrolyte (g), and are otherwise the same.
- Example 2 the amount of electrolyte (g) was changed to 2.5 g, 3.0 g, 3.3 g, and 3.3 g per 1 Ah of the theoretical capacity of the positive electrode, respectively.
- Five kinds of alkaline storage batteries 20 different from 3.5 g and 3.8 g were produced.
- all of these five types of alkaline storage batteries 20 are manufactured so that the battery capacity is 6.5 Ah. [Table 3]
- a self-discharge characteristic evaluation test was performed on each of the five types of alkaline storage batteries 20 under the same conditions as in Example 1. Thereafter, the residual SOC (%) and the internal pressure (MPa) of each alkaline storage battery 20 were measured. Table 3 shows the results. Also, based on the test results in Table 3, the relationship between the amount of electrolyte per 1 Ah of theoretical capacity of the positive electrode 12b and the SOC remaining after the test, and the amount of electrolyte per 1 Ah of theoretical capacity of the positive electrode 12b The relationship with the internal pressure is shown in the graph of FIG.
- Example 2 as in Example 1, the alkaline storage battery 20 having a residual SOC of 25% or more after the test was evaluated as an alkaline storage battery having good self-discharge characteristics.
- an internal storage battery 20 having an internal pressure of 0.6 MPa or less was evaluated as an internal storage battery having good internal pressure characteristics.
- the amount of electrolyte per 1 Ah of theoretical capacity of the positive electrode was 3.0 g, 3.3 g, 3.5 g.
- the residual SOC after the test was 25% or more, and the self-discharge characteristics were good.
- the internal pressure of each of the four types of alkaline storage batteries 20 was 2.5 g, 3.0 g, 3.3 g, and 3.5 g, and the internal pressure was 0.6 MPa or less. The internal pressure characteristics were good.
- the internal pressure of the alkaline storage battery 10 (bottom row in the table), in which the amount of electrolyte per 1 Ah of theoretical capacity of the positive electrode was 3.8 g, increased significantly to 0.95 MPa, and the internal pressure characteristics were reduced. Not preferred. This is presumably because the electrolyte volume per 1 Ah of theoretical capacity of the positive electrode was too large, and the air permeability of the separator 12d was greatly reduced.
- the separator was subjected to sulfonation with sulfuric anhydride, but the same effect can be obtained by performing sulfonation with fuming sulfuric acid.
- the separator was made using two types of fibers having different degrees of sulfonation (specifically, polypropylene and polyethylene).
- the fibers constituting the separator are not limited thereto. is not.
- a separator may be formed using only one type of fiber subjected to a sulfonation treatment.
- sulfone The separator may be composed of three or more types of fibers having different degrees of conversion.
- the separator used was a nonwoven fabric containing 30% by weight of a splittable conjugate fiber composed of polypropylene and polyethylene.
- the rates are not limited to this.
- at least two types may be selected from polypropylene, polyethylene, polystyrene, polymethylpentene, and polybutylene to form splittable composite fibers.
- the separator 12 d was formed in a bag shape, and the positive electrode 12 b was disposed inside the bag.
- the present invention is not limited to such a form, and the separator 12 d is simply made into a sheet shape and laminated so that the separator 12 d is interposed between the positive electrode 12 b and the negative electrode 12 c. May be.
- Example 1 and 2 the same papermaking web layer (first papermaking web layer 12f and second papermaking web layer 12g) was laminated to form a separator 12d.
- the papermaking web layers to be laminated need not be the same, and different papermaking web layers (for example, having different basis weights) may be laminated. Rather, laminating different papermaking web layers is preferable because the characteristics of the alkaline storage battery can be improved.
- selectively increasing the basis weight of the papermaking web layer (the second papermaking web layer 12 g) for the separator 1 2 d can be achieved by increasing all the papermaking web layers (the first papermaking web layer 12 f
- the increase in the fiber density of the entire separator 12 d can be suppressed as compared with the case where the basis weight of the second papermaking web layer 12 g) is increased. For this reason, a decrease in the air permeability of the separator 12d can be suppressed, and a rise in the internal pressure of the alkaline storage battery 10 can be suppressed.
- Examples 1 and 2 two layers of the first and second papermaking web layers 12 f and 12 g were laminated. Layered to create separator 12d.
- the number of papermaking web layers to be laminated is not limited to two, but may be any as long as it is a plurality of layers. Rather, it is preferable to increase the number of papermaking web layers to be laminated, since a conductive path connecting the two electrodes becomes less likely to be formed, and the self-discharge characteristic of the alkaline storage battery can be improved.
- Examples 1 and 2 a wet nonwoven fabric was used as the separator 12d, but a dry nonwoven fabric may be used.
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US10/588,721 US20070160902A1 (en) | 2004-03-29 | 2005-03-28 | Alkaline storage battery |
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JP2004-096655 | 2004-03-29 | ||
JP2004096655A JP4639620B2 (ja) | 2004-03-29 | 2004-03-29 | アルカリ蓄電池 |
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Families Citing this family (8)
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KR101800685B1 (ko) * | 2009-06-19 | 2017-11-23 | 도레이 카부시키가이샤 | 미다공막, 이러한 막의 제조 방법 및 전지 세퍼레이터막으로서 이러한 막의 사용 |
KR101812535B1 (ko) * | 2009-06-19 | 2017-12-27 | 도레이 카부시키가이샤 | 다층 미다공막 |
WO2014050074A1 (ja) * | 2012-09-25 | 2014-04-03 | 三洋電機株式会社 | アルカリ蓄電池及びそれを用いた蓄電池システム。 |
JPWO2014068868A1 (ja) * | 2012-10-30 | 2016-09-08 | 三洋電機株式会社 | ニッケル水素蓄電池及び蓄電池システム |
JP6200897B2 (ja) * | 2012-10-30 | 2017-09-20 | 三洋電機株式会社 | 蓄電池モジュール及び蓄電池システム |
KR20210024209A (ko) * | 2012-11-14 | 2021-03-04 | 이 아이 듀폰 디 네모아 앤드 캄파니 | 전기화학 전지용 분리막 매체 |
CN109244343B (zh) * | 2017-07-10 | 2021-11-30 | 宁德新能源科技有限公司 | 电芯及电化学装置 |
US20200381690A1 (en) * | 2017-08-31 | 2020-12-03 | Research Foundation Of The City University Of New York | Ion selective membrane for selective ion penetration in alkaline batteries |
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- 2005-03-28 US US10/588,721 patent/US20070160902A1/en not_active Abandoned
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JPH11135096A (ja) * | 1997-10-31 | 1999-05-21 | Toshiba Battery Co Ltd | ニッケル水素二次電池 |
JPH11144698A (ja) * | 1997-11-05 | 1999-05-28 | Miki Tokushu Seishi Kk | 二次電池用セパレ−タ− |
JPH11315472A (ja) * | 1997-11-11 | 1999-11-16 | Nippon Sheet Glass Co Ltd | 不織布およびその製造方法、並びにそれを用いたアルカリ2次電池 |
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JP2001089967A (ja) * | 1999-09-20 | 2001-04-03 | Nippon Sheet Glass Co Ltd | 不織布およびその製造方法、ならびにそれを用いた電池セパレータおよびアルカリ二次電池 |
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Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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JP2005285499A (ja) | 2005-10-13 |
US20070160902A1 (en) | 2007-07-12 |
JP4639620B2 (ja) | 2011-02-23 |
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