WO2005080648A1 - 化合物単結晶の製造方法、およびそれに用いる製造装置 - Google Patents
化合物単結晶の製造方法、およびそれに用いる製造装置 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2005080648A1 WO2005080648A1 PCT/JP2005/002560 JP2005002560W WO2005080648A1 WO 2005080648 A1 WO2005080648 A1 WO 2005080648A1 JP 2005002560 W JP2005002560 W JP 2005002560W WO 2005080648 A1 WO2005080648 A1 WO 2005080648A1
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C30—CRYSTAL GROWTH
- C30B—SINGLE-CRYSTAL GROWTH; UNIDIRECTIONAL SOLIDIFICATION OF EUTECTIC MATERIAL OR UNIDIRECTIONAL DEMIXING OF EUTECTOID MATERIAL; REFINING BY ZONE-MELTING OF MATERIAL; PRODUCTION OF A HOMOGENEOUS POLYCRYSTALLINE MATERIAL WITH DEFINED STRUCTURE; SINGLE CRYSTALS OR HOMOGENEOUS POLYCRYSTALLINE MATERIAL WITH DEFINED STRUCTURE; AFTER-TREATMENT OF SINGLE CRYSTALS OR A HOMOGENEOUS POLYCRYSTALLINE MATERIAL WITH DEFINED STRUCTURE; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C30B29/00—Single crystals or homogeneous polycrystalline material with defined structure characterised by the material or by their shape
- C30B29/10—Inorganic compounds or compositions
- C30B29/40—AIIIBV compounds wherein A is B, Al, Ga, In or Tl and B is N, P, As, Sb or Bi
- C30B29/403—AIII-nitrides
- C30B29/406—Gallium nitride
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C30—CRYSTAL GROWTH
- C30B—SINGLE-CRYSTAL GROWTH; UNIDIRECTIONAL SOLIDIFICATION OF EUTECTIC MATERIAL OR UNIDIRECTIONAL DEMIXING OF EUTECTOID MATERIAL; REFINING BY ZONE-MELTING OF MATERIAL; PRODUCTION OF A HOMOGENEOUS POLYCRYSTALLINE MATERIAL WITH DEFINED STRUCTURE; SINGLE CRYSTALS OR HOMOGENEOUS POLYCRYSTALLINE MATERIAL WITH DEFINED STRUCTURE; AFTER-TREATMENT OF SINGLE CRYSTALS OR A HOMOGENEOUS POLYCRYSTALLINE MATERIAL WITH DEFINED STRUCTURE; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C30B19/00—Liquid-phase epitaxial-layer growth
- C30B19/02—Liquid-phase epitaxial-layer growth using molten solvents, e.g. flux
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C30—CRYSTAL GROWTH
- C30B—SINGLE-CRYSTAL GROWTH; UNIDIRECTIONAL SOLIDIFICATION OF EUTECTIC MATERIAL OR UNIDIRECTIONAL DEMIXING OF EUTECTOID MATERIAL; REFINING BY ZONE-MELTING OF MATERIAL; PRODUCTION OF A HOMOGENEOUS POLYCRYSTALLINE MATERIAL WITH DEFINED STRUCTURE; SINGLE CRYSTALS OR HOMOGENEOUS POLYCRYSTALLINE MATERIAL WITH DEFINED STRUCTURE; AFTER-TREATMENT OF SINGLE CRYSTALS OR A HOMOGENEOUS POLYCRYSTALLINE MATERIAL WITH DEFINED STRUCTURE; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C30B19/00—Liquid-phase epitaxial-layer growth
- C30B19/06—Reaction chambers; Boats for supporting the melt; Substrate holders
- C30B19/063—Sliding boat system
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C30—CRYSTAL GROWTH
- C30B—SINGLE-CRYSTAL GROWTH; UNIDIRECTIONAL SOLIDIFICATION OF EUTECTIC MATERIAL OR UNIDIRECTIONAL DEMIXING OF EUTECTOID MATERIAL; REFINING BY ZONE-MELTING OF MATERIAL; PRODUCTION OF A HOMOGENEOUS POLYCRYSTALLINE MATERIAL WITH DEFINED STRUCTURE; SINGLE CRYSTALS OR HOMOGENEOUS POLYCRYSTALLINE MATERIAL WITH DEFINED STRUCTURE; AFTER-TREATMENT OF SINGLE CRYSTALS OR A HOMOGENEOUS POLYCRYSTALLINE MATERIAL WITH DEFINED STRUCTURE; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C30B19/00—Liquid-phase epitaxial-layer growth
- C30B19/06—Reaction chambers; Boats for supporting the melt; Substrate holders
- C30B19/064—Rotating sliding boat system
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C30—CRYSTAL GROWTH
- C30B—SINGLE-CRYSTAL GROWTH; UNIDIRECTIONAL SOLIDIFICATION OF EUTECTIC MATERIAL OR UNIDIRECTIONAL DEMIXING OF EUTECTOID MATERIAL; REFINING BY ZONE-MELTING OF MATERIAL; PRODUCTION OF A HOMOGENEOUS POLYCRYSTALLINE MATERIAL WITH DEFINED STRUCTURE; SINGLE CRYSTALS OR HOMOGENEOUS POLYCRYSTALLINE MATERIAL WITH DEFINED STRUCTURE; AFTER-TREATMENT OF SINGLE CRYSTALS OR A HOMOGENEOUS POLYCRYSTALLINE MATERIAL WITH DEFINED STRUCTURE; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C30B9/00—Single-crystal growth from melt solutions using molten solvents
- C30B9/04—Single-crystal growth from melt solutions using molten solvents by cooling of the solution
- C30B9/08—Single-crystal growth from melt solutions using molten solvents by cooling of the solution using other solvents
- C30B9/10—Metal solvents
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T117/00—Single-crystal, oriented-crystal, and epitaxy growth processes; non-coating apparatus therefor
- Y10T117/10—Apparatus
- Y10T117/1016—Apparatus with means for treating single-crystal [e.g., heat treating]
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a method for producing a compound single crystal and a production apparatus used for the method.
- it relates to a method for producing a group III nitride single crystal such as gallium nitride or aluminum nitride, and a production apparatus used for the method.
- Group III nitride compound semiconductors such as gallium nitride (GaN) (hereinafter sometimes referred to as group III nitride semiconductors or GaN-based semiconductors) are used as materials for semiconductor elements that emit blue or ultraviolet light. Attention has been paid. Blue laser diodes (LDs) are applied to high-density optical disks and displays, and blue light-emitting diodes (LEDs) are applied to displays and lighting. Ultraviolet LD is expected to be applied to biotechnology and the like, and ultraviolet LED is expected as an ultraviolet light source for fluorescent lamps.
- LDs blue laser diodes
- LEDs blue light-emitting diodes
- a group III nitride semiconductor (for example, GaN) substrate for LD or LED is usually formed by depositing a group III nitride single crystal on a sapphire substrate using a vapor phase epitaxial growth method. They are formed by growing them.
- the vapor phase growth methods include metal organic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD), hydride vapor phase epitaxy (HVPE), and molecular beam epitaxy (MBE).
- a GaN crystal layer is formed on a sapphire substrate by metal organic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD), and then a single crystal is formed by liquid phase epitaxy (LPE). It has been reported how to grow
- FIG. 8 shows a schematic configuration diagram of the growing apparatus.
- the growth apparatus includes a source gas supply apparatus 801 for supplying nitrogen gas as a source gas, a pressure regulator 802 for adjusting the pressure of the growth atmosphere, and a reaction vessel (stainless steel vessel) for growing crystals. 803 and a heating device (electric furnace) 804.
- a crucible 805 is set inside the stainless steel container 803.
- the connection pipe 806 for supplying the source gas from the source gas supply device 801 to the stainless steel container 803 is made of a SUS-based material.
- Alumina (Al 2 O 3) is used for the crucible 805.
- the temperature inside the electric furnace 804 is 600 ° C (873K)
- Atmospheric pressure is 100 atm by a pressure regulator 802 can be controlled in the range of (1 00 X 1. 01325 X 10 5 Pa) or less.
- reference numeral 807 denotes a stop valve, and 808 denotes a leak valve.
- Na which is a flux
- metal gallium which is a raw material
- a substrate in which GaN is grown on a sapphire substrate as a seed crystal by MOCVD is set in the crucible 805.
- the crucible 805 is inserted into the stainless steel container 803, set in the electric furnace 804, and connected to the connection pipe 806 connected to the raw material gas supply device 801.
- the growth temperature is 850 ° C (1123K)
- the nitrogen atmosphere pressure is 30 atmospheres (30 ⁇ 1.0325 ⁇ 10 5 Pa)
- the growth temperature is maintained for 30 hours and 96 hours to grow GaN single crystals.
- a GaN single crystal with a thickness of 50 ⁇ m grows with a growth time of 30 hours and a 700 ⁇ m thickness grows with a growth time of 96 hours.
- Patent Document 1 JP-A-2002-293696
- the source gas in the source liquid (which may include a flux source).
- a source gas such as nitrogen is pressurized and dissolved in the source liquid. Therefore, uneven nucleation is likely to occur at the gas-liquid interface.
- nucleation occurs at the gas-liquid interface, crystal growth on the seed crystal that is originally supposed to grow is suppressed, and as a result, the growth rate decreases.
- an object of the present invention is to provide a method for producing a compound single crystal capable of improving a growth rate and growing a large single crystal with high crystal uniformity in a short time, and a production apparatus used therefor.
- a production method of the present invention is a method for producing a compound single crystal in which a raw material gas is reacted with a raw material liquid to grow a compound single crystal. And producing the single crystal while stirring the raw material liquid such that a gas-liquid interfacial force in contact with the raw material gas also flows toward the inside of the raw material liquid.
- the present inventors have repeated a series of studies on the growth of compound single crystals.
- it is important to dissolve the raw material gas in the raw material liquid in a supersaturated state and to suppress the generation of non-uniform nuclei at the gas-liquid interface, which is a factor for improving the crystal growth rate. It was recognized that it was one of. Therefore, in the present invention, as described above, in the raw material liquid, the gas-liquid interfacial force in contact with the raw material gas also flows toward the inside of the raw material liquid. This problem was solved by agitating the raw material liquid as would occur.
- the raw material gas can be easily dissolved in the raw material liquid by the agitation, a supersaturated state can be realized in a short time, and the growth rate of the compound single crystal can be improved.
- the agitation forms a flow from the gas-liquid interface having a high gas concentration to the inside of the liquid material having a low gas concentration, and the dissolution of the material gas becomes uniform. Nucleation can be suppressed, and the quality of the resulting compound single crystal can be improved.
- FIG. 1 is a schematic view showing one example of a configuration of a production apparatus of the present invention.
- FIG. 2 is a schematic view showing an example of steps of a production method of the present invention.
- a is a schematic diagram showing an example of inserting a material into a crucible
- b is a schematic diagram showing an example of inserting the crucible into a hermetically sealed pressure and heat resistant apparatus and injecting nitrogen into the hermetically sealed pressure and heat resistant container.
- And c is a schematic diagram showing an example of the tightness of the hermetically sealed pressure- and heat-resistant container.
- FIG. 3 is a schematic view showing another example of the configuration of the manufacturing apparatus of the present invention.
- FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram showing still another example of the configuration of the production apparatus of the present invention.
- FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram showing still another example of the configuration of the production apparatus of the present invention.
- FIG. 6 is a schematic view showing an example of a raw material liquid stirring step of the present invention.
- a is a schematic diagram showing an example of the dissolution of the raw material before stirring
- bd is a schematic diagram showing an example of the stirring of the raw material liquid.
- FIG. 7 is a schematic view showing another example of the steps of the production method of the present invention.
- a is a schematic diagram showing another example of insertion of a material into a crucible
- b is a schematic diagram showing an example of injection of a liquid flux material
- c is another schematic diagram of injection of nitrogen.
- FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram showing one example of the method
- d is a schematic diagram showing an example of taking out a raw material liquid.
- FIG. 8 is a schematic diagram showing an example of a configuration of a conventional manufacturing apparatus.
- FIG. 9 is a schematic diagram showing an example of steps of a conventional manufacturing method.
- a is a schematic diagram showing an example of the state of the plate template in the crucible being grown
- b is a schematic diagram showing an example of the state of the plate template in the crucible after cooling the raw material liquid after growth.
- FIG. 10 is a schematic view showing still another example of the steps of the production method of the present invention. a, at the same time, with a plurality of plate-shaped templates standing almost vertically on the bottom of the crucible
- FIG. 11 is a schematic view showing another example of the step of agitating the raw material liquid of the present invention.
- a is a schematic diagram illustrating an example of stirring by a stirring blade
- b is a schematic diagram illustrating an example of stirring by a baffle plate
- c is a schematic diagram illustrating an example of stirring by a spiral protrusion on the inner wall surface of the crucible.
- FIG. 12 is a schematic diagram showing still another example of the configuration of the production apparatus of the present invention.
- FIG. 13 is a schematic diagram showing still another example of the configuration of the production apparatus of the present invention.
- FIG. 14 is a schematic view showing an example of the configuration of a closed pressure- and heat-resistant container rotating mechanism of the present invention.
- thermocouples 113, 312, 413, 511 thermocouples
- a single crystal production apparatus having a heating device and a hermetically sealed pressure- and heat-resistant container heated inside the heating device is prepared, and a raw material gas and other raw materials for the compound single crystal are provided in the container. And sealed under a pressurized atmosphere.
- the container is housed in the heating device, the container is heated by the heating device to make the other raw materials liquid, and a raw material liquid is prepared.
- the raw material gas is reacted with the raw material liquid while stirring the raw material liquid to grow a single crystal. Due to the hermeticity of the pressure-resistant and heat-resistant container, the pressurized atmosphere can be filled with the raw material gas and other raw materials without maintaining the state of being connected to the raw material gas supply device by the connecting pipe.
- the connecting pipe force can be separated and swung, and the raw material liquid can be freely stirred.
- the conventional crystal growing apparatus it was difficult to stir the raw material liquid due to its structure. That is, in the apparatus shown in FIG. 8, the raw material gas supply device 801 and the stainless steel container 803 are connected by the SUS connection pipe 806, so that the stainless steel container 803 is fixed.
- the hermetic pressure- and heat-resistant container may be swung without disconnecting the connection pipe by taking measures such as using a flexible pipe.
- a single crystal is grown by reacting the source gas and the source liquid while stirring the source liquid by shaking the container.
- the container is rocked by rocking the heating device.
- a crucible is installed in the container, and at least one force of the inside of the crucible and the inner wall surface includes the following (A), (B), (C) and (D). It is preferable that the group strength has at least one to be selected.
- the template (C) is, for example, a template described later.
- the swing includes, for example, a moving movement, a linear repetitive movement, a pendulum-like repetitive movement, a rotating movement, or a combination thereof.
- the raw material liquid is stirred such that the gas-liquid interfacial force is directed toward the inside of the raw material by combining the linear repetitive motion or the rotating motion, etc.
- the raw material gas concentration is increased. ⁇ Low raw material gas concentration from the gas-liquid interface! ⁇ A flow into the raw material liquid is formed, and non-uniform nucleation on the inner wall surface of the hermetically sealed pressure- and heat-resistant container can be suppressed. Is possible.
- the other raw materials preferably include a flux raw material.
- the single crystal production apparatus further includes a source gas supply apparatus, and the source gas supply apparatus is connected to the container containing the other raw materials to supply the source gas. It is preferable that, after the supply and the completion of the supply, the source gas supply device be separated from the container, and then the container be rocked. [0024] In the production method of the present invention, it is preferable that the raw material gas supply device is separated from the container after the container is heated to make the other raw materials liquid and the pressure in the container is adjusted.
- the single crystal production apparatus may further include an auxiliary tank apparatus for supplying a raw material gas, and the auxiliary tank apparatus and the container may be connected to each other.
- the single crystal production apparatus further includes a source gas supply device, wherein the source gas supply device and the container are connected by a flexible pipe.
- the container may be swung without separating it from the container.
- another manufacturing method of the present invention using a flexible pipe includes preparing a single crystal manufacturing apparatus having a heating device, a sealed pressure- and heat-resistant container heated inside the heating device, a raw material gas supply device, and a flexible pipe. Then, the raw material gas of the compound single crystal and other raw materials are put in the container, the container is stored in the heating device, and the raw material gas supply device and the container are connected by a flexible pipe.
- the source gas supply device and the container are separated is optional. As described above, even if the container is rocked without separating the source gas supply device and the container, the The gas supply device and the container may be separated, the container may be closed, and the container may be rocked. If the container is swung without separating the source gas supply device and the container, crystal growth can be performed stably while the pressure of the container is kept constant by a pressure regulator. A certain growth direction and growth rate can be achieved, which is more preferable.
- the raw material gas contains at least one of nitrogen and ammonia, and the other raw materials contain a group III element (gallium, aluminum or indium) and a flux raw material.
- the single crystal generated in the raw material liquid is preferably a group III nitride single crystal.
- the group III element may be used alone. Or two or more of them may be used in combination.
- the flux raw material preferably contains at least one of an alkali metal and an alkaline earth metal.
- the growth temperature is set to 700 ° C. (973 K) or more
- the vapor pressure of the alkali metal or alkaline earth metal becomes large, so that the temperature inside the reaction vessel is increased. If the distribution occurs, it will aggregate. As a result, the flux ratio of the raw material liquid changes, which has a large effect on crystal growth. Even if a motor for stirring was attached to the reaction vessel, the reaction vessel was in a high-temperature region in the heating device, so the magnetic force was lost, and it was difficult to stir the raw material liquid.
- the raw material liquid can be stirred, there is no problem in using the alkali metal or alkaline earth metal.
- the alkali metal for example, sodium, lithium, potassium, and the like can be used.
- the alkaline earth metal for example, Ca, Mg, Sr, Ba, Be and the like can be used.
- the alkali metal and the alkaline earth metal one kind may be used alone, or two or more kinds may be used in combination.
- the semiconductor layer represented by the composition formula AlGaInN (where 0 ⁇ u ⁇ l, 0 ⁇ v ⁇ l, 0 ⁇ u + v ⁇ l) is provided in the container. It is preferable that a template having a pre-arranged!
- the immersion of the template in the other raw material liquid in the container is performed after the raw material liquid is formed by heating and the raw material gas is dissolved in the raw material liquid.
- U which is preferred.
- a crucible is installed in the container, the template is a plate-shaped template, and the crucible is installed upright on a bottom surface of the crucible.
- still another manufacturing method of the present invention using a plate-shaped template is as follows: preparing a single crystal manufacturing apparatus having a heating device and a hermetically sealed pressure- and heat-resistant container that heats inside the heating device; A crucible is installed, a plate-shaped template is arranged in a state of standing substantially vertically on the bottom surface of the crucible, a raw material gas of the compound single crystal and other raw materials are put in the crucible, and a container in which the crucible is installed Is stored in the heating device, the container is heated by the heating device to make the other raw materials liquid, In this state, the raw material gas is reacted with the raw material liquid to grow a single crystal.
- the number of the plate templates may be one, or a plurality (for example, 2
- the container is rocked so that the raw material liquid moves in a direction parallel to the plate-shaped template.
- the flux material is taken out of the container after the growth of the compound single crystal.
- still another manufacturing method of the present invention having a step of taking out a flux material is to prepare a single crystal manufacturing apparatus having a heating device and a sealed pressure- and heat-resistant container that heats inside the heating device.
- the raw material gas of the above-mentioned compound single crystal and other raw materials are put therein, and this container is housed in the heating device, and the container is heated by the heating device to make the other raw materials liquid, and in this state, A production method wherein a single crystal is grown by reacting the raw material gas and the raw material liquid, and at least the flux raw material is taken out of the container after the growth of the compound single crystal is completed.
- the other raw material liquid contains at least gallium and sodium, and the heating temperature thereof is preferably 100 ° C (373K) or more.
- the heating temperature which is more preferably 300 ° C (573K) or more, is still more preferably 500 ° C (773K) or more.
- the growth rate of the group III nitride single crystal is preferably 30 ⁇ / hr or more, and the growth rate of the group III nitride crystal is 50 / z mZ
- the growth rate of the group III nitride crystal which is more preferably not less than time, is more preferably not less than 100 / z mZ time.
- the pressure of the feed gas in the container is a 5 atm (5 X 1. 01325 X 10 5 Pa) to 1000 atmospheres (1000 XI. 01325 X 10 5 Pa) or less That power S preferred.
- the amount of the source gas dissolved in the source liquid can be increased.
- the heating device may be filled with an inert gas. Is preferred.
- the internal volume of the vessel is V (liter)
- the atmospheric pressure during growth (single crystal formation) is P (Pa)
- the growth temperature is T (K)
- the temperature when the other raw materials are weighed is T1 (K).
- the following expression (1) is satisfied, and that the following expression (2) is more preferable.
- a pipe connecting the container housed in the heating apparatus and the outside of the heating apparatus may include at least one of the raw material liquid and the other raw material. It is preferable that the structure is not easily aggregated.
- the pipe include a connection pipe between the container and the source gas supply device, the flexible pipe, a connection pipe between the container and the auxiliary tank device, and the like.
- the inner diameter of the pipe is preferably 3 mm or less, more preferably 2 mm or less.
- the single crystal manufacturing apparatus of the present invention is a single crystal manufacturing apparatus used in the manufacturing method of the present invention, wherein the hermetically sealed pressure- and heat-resistant container, a heating device for storing the container therein, And a rocking device for rocking the container.
- the container swings together with the heating device.
- the swing includes, for example, a movement, a linear repetition, a pendulum repetition, a rotation, or a combination thereof.
- a crucible is installed inside the container, and at least one of the inside of the crucible and the inner wall surface is selected from the following (A), (B), (C) and (D).
- the group strength also has at least one selected.
- the template (C) is, for example, a template described later.
- the container is housed in the heating container so as to be maintained at a constant temperature.
- the raw material liquid contains an alkali metal or an alkaline earth metal, for example, when the growing temperature is set to 700 ° C. (973 K) or more, the vapor pressure becomes large, so that a temperature distribution occurs in the container. This is because the above-mentioned raw material liquid may aggregate and have a great influence on crystal growth.
- the single crystal production apparatus of the present invention preferably further includes a source gas supply apparatus.
- the container and the source gas supply apparatus can be freely connected and disconnected!
- the apparatus for producing a single crystal of the present invention may further include a flexible pipe, whereby the container and the source gas supply device are connected.
- the apparatus for producing a single crystal of the present invention may further include an auxiliary tank device for supplying a source gas, wherein the auxiliary tank device is connected to the container.
- an atmosphere containing nitrogen (preferably rather is 1000 atm (1000 X 1. 01325 X 10 5 Pa) less Caro pressure atmosphere)
- a raw material liquid containing a Group III element (gallium, aluminum or indium) and an alkali metal is reacted with nitrogen to grow a Group III nitride single crystal.
- a Group III element gallium, aluminum or indium
- an alkali metal is reacted with nitrogen to grow a Group III nitride single crystal.
- one of the group III elements may be used alone, or two or more may be used in combination.
- the above-mentioned alkali metal is also as described above.
- the atmosphere containing nitrogen for example, a nitrogen gas atmosphere or a nitrogen gas atmosphere containing ammonia can be applied.
- This embodiment is an example in which the hermetically sealed pressure and heat resistant container can be separated from the connection pipe cap, and the hermetically sealed pressure and heat resistant container is also swung by swinging the heating device.
- the manufacturing apparatus of the present embodiment and an example of a manufacturing method using the same will be described.
- the manufacturing apparatus includes a raw material gas supply device for supplying a raw material gas, a pressure regulator for adjusting the pressure of a growing atmosphere, a sealed pressure- and heat-resistant container for growing crystals, a heating device, A swing device for swinging the entire heating device is provided.
- a source gas a gas containing nitrogen or ammonia is used.
- a SUS-based material such as SU S316
- a material resistant to high temperature and high pressure such as Inconel, Hastelloy or Incoloy can be used.
- a crucible is set inside the hermetically sealed pressure- and heat-resistant container.
- alumina Al OBN, PBN,
- MgO, CaO, W and the like can be used.
- the heating device for example, an electric furnace including a heat insulating material and a heater can be used. It is preferable that the heating device is housed in a growth furnace and the temperature is controlled by, for example, a thermocouple. In particular, from the viewpoint of preventing agglomeration of the raw material liquid (which may include a flux raw material), it is preferable to control the temperature so that the temperature of the hermetically sealed pressure- and heat-resistant container is kept uniform.
- the temperature in the heating device (growth furnace) can be controlled, for example, at 600 ° C (873K) to 1100 ° C (1373K).
- the pressure regulator for example, can be controlled in the range of 1000 atm (1000 X I. 0 1325 X 10 5 Pa) or less. Since the hermetically sealed pressure- and heat-resistant container can be detached freely, the hermetically sealed pressure- and heat-resistant container can be fixed in the heating device (growth furnace) and the entire heating device (growth furnace) can be swung.
- An alkali metal as a flux and a group III element are inserted into a crucible, and a reaction gas containing nitrogen is filled in a hermetically sealed pressure- and heat-resistant vessel. Single crystals can be produced. In a pressurized atmosphere containing nitrogen, nitrogen is dissolved in a raw material liquid containing a group III element (gallium, aluminum or indium) and an alkali metal.
- a group III element gallium, aluminum or indium
- the raw material liquid may further contain an alkaline earth metal.
- an alkaline earth metal As described above, one of the m-group elements may be used alone, Alternatively, two or more types may be used in combination.
- the alkali metal and alkaline earth metal are also as described above.
- the vapor pressure increases at a high temperature of 700 ° C. (973 K) or more, so that the temperature in the hermetically sealed pressure- and heat-resistant container is increased.
- the raw material liquid is aggregated. For example, 800 for sodium.
- the raw material liquid is prepared by charging a raw material into a crucible and heating.
- the temperature is adjusted, for example, from 700 ° C (973K) to 1100 ° C (1373K).
- the raw material gas containing nitrogen is filled in a closed pressure- and heat-resistant container in a pressurized atmosphere state, and the atmospheric pressure in the closed pressure- and heat-resistant container by the raw material gas is preferably adjusted after heating.
- Atmospheric pressure for example, 1 atm (1 X 1. 01325 X 10 5 Pa) - is adjusted to 1000 atmospheres (1000 X I. 0 1325 X 10 5 Pa) degree.
- a template may be inserted into the crucible.
- a template is a composition formula of Al Ga In N (0 ⁇ u ⁇ l, 0 ⁇ v ⁇ l, 0 ⁇ u + v ⁇ l) on a substrate such as sapphire.
- compositional formula of Al Ga In N (where 0 ⁇ u ⁇ 1, 0 ⁇ u v 1— u— v
- the template may be immersed during the formation of the raw material liquid, but is more preferably immersed in a state in which nitrogen is dissolved to some extent in the raw material liquid.
- crucible 107 contains group III element 201 as a raw material, alkali metal 202 as a flux, and a composition formula Al Ga In N (0 ⁇ u ⁇ 1, 0 uv 1— u— v
- a template 203 having a semiconductor layer represented by ⁇ v ⁇ 1, 0 ⁇ u + v ⁇ 1) is inserted.
- the weighing of the group III element 201 and the alkali metal 202 is preferably performed in a glove box substituted with nitrogen in order to avoid oxidation of the alkali metal 202 and adsorption of water. It is even more preferable to replace the inside of the glove box with Ar or Ne!
- the crucible 107 is inserted into the hermetically sealed pressure- and heat-resistant container 103, and the upper cover 204 is closed. After closing the stop valve 109, remove it from the glove box.
- the closed pressure- and heat-resistant container 103 is connected to a source gas supply device (not shown), the stop valve 109 is opened, and the source gas is injected into the closed pressure- and heat-resistant container 103.
- a source gas supply device not shown
- the stop valve 109 is opened, and the source gas is injected into the closed pressure- and heat-resistant container 103.
- the same effect can be obtained by injecting the raw material gas into the glove box, then closing the stop valve 109 and removing the disconnection portion 108 to separate the source gas.
- the hermetically sealed pressure- and heat-resistant container 103 is fixed in a heating device (growth furnace).
- the conditions for melting and crystal growth of the raw materials are determined by the force that changes depending on the flux components, atmospheric gas components and their pressures.
- the temperature is 700 ° C (973K)-1100 ° C (1373K), preferably 700 ° C (1373K). 973K)-Growing at a low temperature of 900 ° C (1173K).
- the pressure is 1 atm (1 X 1. 01325 X 10 5 Pa) or more, the line preferably 5 atm (5 X 1. 01325 X 10 5 Pa) to 1000 atmospheres (1000 X 1.
- the raw material liquid is formed in the crucible by raising the temperature to the growth temperature, and the raw material liquid and the raw material gas are reacted in the hermetically sealed pressure- and heat-resistant container while stirring the raw material liquid by shaking the heating device (growth furnace). As a result, a single crystal of the m-group nitride semiconductor is generated. If the internal volume of the hermetic pressure- and heat-resistant container is smaller than the amount of the consumed m-group element, the pressure inside the hermetic pressure- and heat-resistant container is reduced due to consumption of nitrogen.
- the rocking is temporarily stopped during the growth, and the detached portion 108 is connected again to the source gas supply device, the source gas is injected into the hermetically sealed pressure and heat resistant container, and the pressure in the hermetically sealed pressure and heat resistant container is adjusted. I do. Thereafter, the detached portion 108 is detached again, and the growth is resumed while swinging. This enables more stable growth.
- the heating device (growth furnace) is preferably filled with an inert gas. Sky If the closed pressure- and heat-resistant container is kept at high temperature in the air, it will be oxidized, making it difficult to reuse. By holding a sealed pressure- and heat-resistant container in an inert gas such as Ar, N, He, Ne, etc.
- the sealed pressure- and heat-resistant container can be reused.
- the hermetically sealed pressure- and heat-resistant container 103 After being separated at the separation portion 108, it was fixed to a heating device (growing furnace). In this case, it is difficult to finely adjust the pressure in the hermetically sealed pressure- and heat-resistant container 103. For this reason, it is more preferable that the hermetically sealed pressure- and heat-resistant container 103 be fixed to a heating device (growth furnace), heated to the growth temperature, adjusted in pressure, and then separated at the separation portion 108.
- the stirring action of the raw material liquid will be described.
- the heating device (growing furnace) is tilted (not shown) to tilt the crucible 601 fixed therein, so that the template 603 is immersed in the raw material liquid 602.
- the temperature of the heating device (growth furnace) is raised to melt the raw materials.
- the heating device (growth furnace) and the crucible 601 are swung right and left to shake and agitate the raw material liquid (FIG. 6 (b)-(d)).
- the force fixing template 603 to the lower surface of crucible 601 the template is immersed in a state in which the raw material liquid 602 has insufficiently dissolved nitrogen. After the raw materials are melted, the crucible is rocked to sufficiently dissolve the nitrogen, and then the template is immersed.
- FIGs. 2 and 6 illustrate a method of installing a seed crystal template at the bottom of the crucible or at an angle.
- a seed crystal template In order to supply crystal substrates inexpensively while applying force, it is indispensable to grow a plurality of substrates simultaneously.
- a plurality of plate-shaped templates were installed obliquely or parallel to the bottom of the crucible, a big problem occurred.
- FIG. 9 shows a state in which a plurality of plate-shaped templates 902 are installed in crucible 901 in parallel with the bottom surface.
- FIG. 9A shows the state of the raw material liquid 902 and the plate template 903 in the crucible 901 during growth.
- FIG. 9B shows the state of the raw material liquid 902 and the plate-shaped template 903 in the crucible 901 after the growth and cooling of the raw material liquid 903.
- a raw material liquid composed of an alkali metal and a group III element solidifies and contracts when cooled. Therefore, the central portion becomes concave as shown in FIG. 9B, and stress is generated in the plate-shaped template 903 in the direction of the arrow. This response The force causes distortion of the substrate, and when the stress is large, cracks occur.
- the crucible 1001 is set inside a closed pressure- and heat-resistant container (not shown). Next, the sealed pressure- and heat-resistant container is connected to the source gas supply device, the stop valve is opened, and the source gas is injected into the sealed pressure- and heat-resistant container (not shown). Inside the crucible 1001, a group III element as a raw material and an alkali metal as a flux are inserted. At the same time, a plurality of plate-shaped templates 1003 are placed on the bottom of the crucible 1001 so as to stand substantially vertically, as shown in FIG. FIG. 10A is a side view of the plate-shaped template 1003 viewed from the lateral direction.
- FIGS. 10 (b)-(d) are front views of the plate template 1003 as viewed from the front.
- An alkali metal for example, sodium
- nitrogen is dissolved by pressurization of gas-liquid interfacial force, it is effective to reduce the concentration distribution in the vertical direction by installing the plate-like template in a state of standing substantially vertically.
- the method of installing the plate-like template in a state of standing substantially perpendicular to the bottom of the crucible is as follows: The practical effect is great in a production method in which pressurized nitrogen is dissolved in a raw material liquid composed of an alkali metal and a group III element, and a group III nitride single crystal is grown in the raw material liquid.
- the method of installing the plate template is not an essential requirement of the present invention, and it is optional.
- This embodiment is an example in which the hermetically sealed pressure- and heat-resistant container can be separated from the connection pipe cap, and only the hermetically sealed pressure- and heat-resistant container is rocked.
- an example of the manufacturing apparatus of the present embodiment and an example of a manufacturing method using the same will be described.
- the production apparatus includes a source gas supply device for supplying a source gas, a pressure regulator for adjusting the pressure of the growing atmosphere, a sealed pressure- and heat-resistant container for growing crystals, and a heating device ( (A growth furnace) and a rotating mechanism for swinging the closed pressure- and heat-resistant container.
- the closed pressure- and heat-resistant container is rotated by the rotation mechanism.
- a rotation mechanism is attached to the connection pipe.For example, by periodically reversing the rotation direction, it is possible to more efficiently stir the raw material liquid, Improves the dissolution of nitrogen in the raw material liquid.
- a compound single crystal can be produced in the same manner as in Embodiment 1, except that only the closed pressure- and heat-resistant container is rocked.
- the raw material liquid composed of a group III element and an alkali metal is, for example, framed by friction with a crucible wall.
- the generation of non-uniform nuclei on the inner wall surface of the crucible can be suppressed more than the stirring method of the linear repetitive movement of the first embodiment. Wear. That is, in the stirring method of the linear repetitive motion of the embodiment 1, since the raw material liquid is not always in contact with the inner wall surface of the crucible, the reaction with the raw material gas such as nitrogen becomes violent, and the unevenness becomes uneven. It will promote nucleation. On the other hand, in the stirring method with rotational mobility as in the present embodiment, since the raw material liquid is always in contact with the inner wall surface of the crucible, uneven nucleation can be suppressed.
- FIG. 11 shows three examples of mechanisms for this in the state.
- a lid 1102 is provided on the crucible 1101, a stirring blade 1103 is hung from the lid 1102, and a hermetically sealed pressure- and heat-resistant container (not shown) and a crucible 1101 are provided.
- a hermetically sealed pressure- and heat-resistant container (not shown) and a crucible 1101 are provided.
- the stirring blade 1103 causes a flow in the raw material liquid 1104 in a downward direction, that is, the gas-liquid interfacial force is directed toward the inside of the raw material liquid.
- a baffle plate 1106 is attached to the gas-liquid interface (the baffle plate 1106 may be integrated with the crucible 1101).
- the baffle plate 1106 When the container (not shown) and the crucible 1101 are rotated to generate convection in the rotation direction of the raw material liquid 1104, the baffle plate 1106 generates a gas-liquid interfacial force toward the inside of the raw material liquid 1104.
- a spiral projection 1107 is formed on the inner wall surface of the crucible 1101, and the hermetically sealed pressure- and heat-resistant container (not shown) and the crucible 1101 are rotated to rotate the raw material liquid.
- a convection in the rotation direction occurs in 1104
- a flow is generated from the gas-liquid interface toward the inside of the raw material liquid 1104 by the spiral projection 1107.
- Examples of a device for rotating the hermetically sealed pressure- and heat-resistant container include a device in which a rotating mechanism is attached to the connection pipe described above.
- the device is not limited thereto.
- a device having a closed pressure-resistant heat-resistant container rotating mechanism attached to the lower portion may be used.
- an auxiliary tank device for supplying the source gas may be attached to the hermetically sealed pressure- and heat-resistant container.
- a pressure regulator for regulating pressure may be attached to an intermediate portion of a connection pipe connecting the closed pressure- and heat-resistant container and the auxiliary tank device.
- the pressure of the auxiliary tank device is higher than the pressure of the hermetically sealed pressure- and heat-resistant container. This makes it possible to replenish the raw material gas consumed in the closed pressure- and heat-resistant container.
- This embodiment is an example in which a raw material gas supply device and a hermetically sealed pressure- and heat-resistant container are connected by a flexible pipe, and the container is swung without separating the raw material gas supply device and the container.
- a raw material gas supply device and a hermetically sealed pressure- and heat-resistant container are connected by a flexible pipe, and the container is swung without separating the raw material gas supply device and the container.
- the manufacturing apparatus includes a raw material gas supply device for supplying a raw material gas, a pressure regulator for adjusting the pressure of a growing atmosphere, a sealed pressure- and heat-resistant container for growing crystals, a flexible pipe, Equipped with a heating device (growing furnace) and a rocking device that rocks the entire heating device (growing furnace). Since the raw material gas supply device and the hermetically sealed pressure- and heat-resistant container are connected by the flexible pipe, the entire heating device (growth furnace) can be swung without disconnecting the hermetically sealed pressure- and heat-resistant container, and the crucible can be removed. The raw material liquid inside can be stirred.
- a compound single crystal can be produced in the same manner as in Embodiment 1, except that the closed pressure- and heat-resistant container is rocked without separating the raw material gas supply device and the closed pressure- and heat-resistant container.
- the closed pressure- and heat-resistant container is rocked without separating the raw material gas supply device and the closed pressure- and heat-resistant container.
- crystal growth can be performed stably while keeping the pressure of the closed pressure- and heat-resistant container constant by the pressure regulator. And a certain growth direction and growth rate can be realized.
- connection pipe for supplying the source gas attached to the hermetically sealed pressure- and heat-resistant container is disposed outside the heating device. This is because stop valves, pressure regulators, flexible pipes, etc. need to be placed outside the heating device.
- the raw material liquid contains the alkali metal or alkaline earth metal
- its vapor pressure increases at a high temperature of 700 ° C (973K) or higher, so that If a temperature distribution occurs in the inside, the particles aggregate. Therefore, the temperature of the hermetically sealed pressure- and heat-resistant container body is preferably maintained uniformly.
- connection pipe Since the connection pipe is disposed outside the heating device while the pressure is being applied, if the inside diameter of the connection pipe is too large, the vapor of the raw material liquid or the flat raw material is likely to move, and the connection pipe is placed in a low-temperature region in the connection pipe. They agglomerate and solidify. As a result, the flux ratio in the raw material liquid changes, which has a large effect on crystal growth. Further, if the connecting pipe is clogged, it becomes impossible to supply nitrogen during growth or supply nitrogen through a flexible pipe, which greatly affects crystal growth. When the inner diameter dependence of the connection pipe for supplying source gas attached to the hermetically sealed pressure- and heat-resistant container was evaluated, when the inner diameter was 3 mm or more, coagulation occurred in the connection pipe.
- the inner diameter of the connection pipe is preferably 3 mm or less, more preferably 2 mm or less.
- the flexible pipe, the connection pipe between the container and the auxiliary tank device, and the like have the same inner diameter.
- This embodiment is an example in which a step of taking out the raw material liquid containing the flux raw material from the hermetically sealed pressure- and heat-resistant container after the completion of the growth of the compound single crystal.
- it is preferable to include a step of injecting the flux raw material into the closed pressure- and heat-resistant container, and a step of extracting a raw material liquid containing the flux raw material from the sealed pressure- and heat-resistant container after the generation of the compound single crystal.
- the present embodiment is optional as to whether or not to implement the present invention, which is not an essential requirement.
- an example of the manufacturing method of the present embodiment will be described.
- a flux material is injected into a crucible in a hermetically sealed pressure- and heat-resistant container into which a group III element has been inserted in advance by a flux material injection pipe. At this time, it is preferable to prevent the flux raw material from being oxidized by replacing the atmosphere in the closed pressure- and heat-resistant container with nitrogen. Thereafter, the inside of the closed pressure- and heat-resistant container is adjusted to a pressurized atmosphere, and heated to form a raw material liquid, and a raw material liquid single crystal in which the raw material gas is in a supersaturated state is deposited.
- the raw material liquid is taken out of the crucible in a heating device (growth furnace) at a temperature at which the raw material liquid does not solidify.
- the pressure in the hermetically sealed pressure- and heat-resistant container is reduced, the extraction nove is inserted into the raw material liquid, and the inside of the hermetically sealed pressure- and heat-resistant container is pressurized, whereby the raw material liquid is taken out from the extraction pipe.
- the reaction is carried out, for example, at 100 ° C (373K) or higher, preferably 300 ° C (573K) or higher, more preferably 500 ° C (773K) or higher.
- a group III element 701 and a template 702, which are raw materials, are inserted into crucible 502.
- a liquid flux material 703 is injected from the outside.
- a micro heater or the like is wound around the injection pipe 504, and it is preferable that the temperature of the injection pipe 504 is maintained at a temperature equal to or higher than the melting point of the flux raw material.
- the cut-off portion 505 is connected to a raw material gas supply device (not shown).
- the stop knob 503 is opened, and the source gas is supplied from the source gas supply device to the closed pressure- and heat-resistant container 501.
- the sealed pressure- and heat-resistant container 501 is fixed to a heating device (growth furnace) (not shown), and after the growth temperature is increased, the pressure is adjusted. After adjusting the pressure, close the stop valve 501 and remove the disconnecting part 505 to disconnect.
- the raw material liquid 506 is taken out of the crucible 502.
- the temperature of the raw material liquid 506 is lowered, the pressure in the hermetically sealed pressure- and heat-resistant container is reduced, the raw material liquid 506 is maintained in a molten liquid state, and the extraction pipe 507 is inserted into the raw material liquid 506, and the hermetically-sealed pressure- and heat-resistant container is inserted.
- the raw material liquid 506 is taken out from the extraction pipe 507 to an external container (FIG. 7 (d)).
- a compound single crystal can be produced in the same manner as in mode 1.
- FIG. 1 shows a schematic configuration diagram of an example of the production apparatus of the present invention.
- a source gas supply device 101 a pressure regulator 102, a hermetically sealed pressure- and heat-resistant container 103, a growth furnace 104, and a rocking device for rocking the entire growth furnace 104 are provided.
- a stop valve 105 and a leak valve 106 are mounted.
- a crucible 107 is set inside the hermetically sealed pressure- and heat-resistant container 103.
- the connection pipe 114 for supplying the raw material gas and the hermetically sealed pressure- and heat-resistant container 103 can be separated by a separation portion 108.
- a stop valve 109 is attached to the upper portion of the hermetically sealed pressure- and heat-resistant container 103 via a connection portion 110.
- An electric furnace including a heat insulating material 111 and a heater 112 is disposed inside the growth furnace 104, and the temperature is controlled by a thermocouple 113.
- the sealed pressure- and heat-resistant container 103 is fixed in an electric furnace, The entire growth furnace 104 can be swung in the direction of the arrow.
- reference numeral 115 denotes a connection pipe.
- Fig. 3 shows a schematic configuration diagram of another example of the production apparatus of the present invention.
- a crucible 306 is set inside a hermetically sealed pressure- and heat-resistant container 305.
- a connection pipe (not shown) for supplying the source gas and the hermetically sealed pressure- and heat-resistant container 305 can be separated by a separation portion 313.
- a stop valve 307 is attached to the upper portion of the hermetically sealed pressure- and heat-resistant container 305 via a connection portion 308.
- An electric furnace including a heat insulating material 310 and a heater 311 is arranged inside the growth furnace 309, and the temperature is controlled by a thermocouple 312.
- a rotation mechanism 314 is attached to the connection pipe 315, and only the hermetically sealed pressure- and heat-resistant container can be swung.
- FIG. 12 shows a schematic configuration diagram of still another example of the production apparatus of the present invention.
- the same parts as those in FIG. 3 are denoted by the same reference numerals. 3, except that the rotating mechanism 3 14 is attached to the connection pipe 315, and the sealing pressure- and heat-resistant vessel rotating mechanism 316 is attached to the lower part of the sealed pressure- and heat-resistant vessel 305. Is the same
- FIG. 13 shows a schematic configuration diagram of still another example of the production apparatus of the present invention.
- the same parts as those in FIG. 12 are denoted by the same reference numerals.
- an auxiliary tank device 317 for supplying the raw material gas is attached to the hermetically sealed pressure- and heat-resistant container 305, and that a pressure regulator 318 is attached via a connection portion 308 instead of the stop valve 307, It is similar to the device of FIG.
- FIG. 14 is a schematic diagram of the rotating shaft of the hermetically sealed pressure- and heat-resistant container rotating mechanism 316 when the downward force is also observed.
- FIG. 4 shows a schematic configuration diagram of still another example of the production apparatus of the present invention.
- a source gas supply device 405, a pressure regulator 407, a sealed pressure- and heat-resistant container 401, a flexible pipe 408, a growth furnace 406, and a swinging device for swinging the whole growth furnace 406 are provided.
- Pressure regulator 407 After that, a stop valve 409 and a leak valve 410 are attached.
- a crucible 402 is set inside a hermetically sealed pressure- and heat-resistant container 401.
- a stop valve 403 is attached to the upper part of the hermetically sealed pressure- and heat-resistant container 401 via a connection portion 404.
- An electric furnace including a heat insulating material 411 and a heater 412 is arranged inside the growth furnace 406, and the temperature is controlled by a thermocouple 413. Since the flexible pipe 408 is used to connect the closed pressure- and heat-resistant container 401 and the raw material gas supply device 405, the stop valve 403 may be opened or closed. When the container is opened, the pressure inside the hermetically sealed pressure- and heat-resistant container 401 can be kept constant, so that stable growth is possible. The stop valve 403 may be closed when sufficient nitrogen is injected into the hermetically sealed pressure- and heat-resistant container 401 with respect to the consumption of the group III element.
- the sealed pressure- and heat-resistant container 401 is fixed in an electric furnace, and can swing the entire growth furnace 406 in the direction of the arrow.
- reference numeral 414 denotes a connection pipe.
- Fig. 5 shows a schematic configuration diagram of still another example of the production apparatus of the present invention.
- a crucible 502 is set inside a hermetically sealed pressure- and heat-resistant container 501.
- the sealed pressure- and heat-resistant container 501 is provided with a pipe 504 for injecting a flux material and a pipe 506 for extracting.
- a connection pipe (not shown) for supplying the source gas and the hermetically sealed pressure- and heat-resistant container 501 can be separated by a separation portion 505.
- a stop valve 503 is attached to the upper part of the hermetically sealed pressure vessel 501.
- An electric furnace including a heat insulating material 509 and a heater 510 is disposed inside the growth furnace 508, and the temperature is controlled by a thermocouple 511.
- the sealed pressure- and heat-resistant container 501 is fixed in an electric furnace, and can swing the entire growth furnace 508 in the direction of the arrow.
- a group III nitride single crystal was manufactured using the manufacturing apparatus of FIG. The manufacturing method shown in FIG. 2 was used.
- As the hermetically sealed pressure- and heat-resistant container 103 a stainless steel container made of SUS316 was used.
- the group III element 201 Ga3g was used, and for the alkali metal 202, Na3g was used.
- the template 203 has a sapphire substrate temperature of 1020 (12931-1100 (137 3K), and then supply trimethylgallium (TMG) and ⁇ onto the substrate.
- a sapphire substrate on which a semiconductor layer having a GaN force was formed was used.
- the size of the template was 20 mm X 20 mm.
- the pressure regulator 102 of Figure 1 is set to 25 atm (25 X 1. 01325 X 10 5 Pa), it was fed a raw material gas from the material gas supply equipment 101 to the stainless steel container 103. Nitrogen was used as a source gas.
- SUS316 is used as the material of the hermetically sealed pressure- and heat-resistant container 103, the inside of the electric furnace was set to a nitrogen atmosphere. Therefore, even after the single crystal was produced, the corrosion of the hermetically sealed pressure- and heat-resistant container could be almost completely reused. If the atmosphere gas is an inert gas other than nitrogen, such as Ar, the corrosion of the closed pressure- and heat-resistant container can be reduced.
- a single crystal having a thickness of lmm could be grown for a growth time of 30 hours. Since the crucible was shaken, the raw material liquid was stirred, and nitrogen was dissolved efficiently, the nitrogen dissolution time could be shortened to within 10 hours, and a growth rate of 50 mZ was realized.
- a group III nitride single crystal was manufactured using the manufacturing apparatus shown in FIG.
- the manufacturing method is the crucible 306
- a W (tungsten) crucible was used
- Ga5g was used for the group III element
- Na5g and LiO. 04g were used for the alkali metal
- a pressure regulator (not shown) was set to 10 atm (10 X 1.0325 X 10 5 Pa)
- the source gas was supplied from a source gas supply device (not shown) to the stainless steel container 305
- the growth temperature was 830 ° C (1103K) and the nitrogen atmosphere at 830 ° C (1103K). ⁇ pressure 20 atm, except (20 X I. 01325 X 10 5 Pa) and the fact was the same as in example 1.
- only the stainless container 305 is swung by the rotation mechanism 314 attached to the connection pipe 315.
- a crystal having a thickness of 2 mm could be grown for a growth time of 40 hours. Even at a growth rate of 60-70 ⁇ mZ, high-speed growth was achieved.
- the stainless steel container 304 can be rotated more stably, and the stainless steel container 305 can be sealed in a sealed pressure-resistant heat-resistant container. Since the rotation mechanism 316 can be fixed tightly, it is easy to perform a reversing movement. Further, by using the manufacturing apparatus of FIG. 13 instead of the manufacturing apparatus of FIG. 3, it became possible to further supply the raw material gas consumed in the hermetically sealed pressure- and heat-resistant container.
- the stirring of the present invention is to stir the raw material liquid such that a flow is generated from the gas-liquid interface in contact with the raw material gas toward the inside of the raw material liquid.
- a mechanism for generating a flow toward the inside of the raw material liquid in the container holding the raw material liquid, that is, the crucible it is preferable to attach a mechanism for generating a flow toward the inside of the raw material liquid in the container holding the raw material liquid, that is, the crucible.
- Example 4 A group III nitride single crystal was manufactured using the manufacturing apparatus of FIG.
- the manufacturing method is to use an Inconel container for the closed pressure- and heat-resistant container 401, use an alumina crucible for the crucible 402, use Ga5g for the group III element, use Na5g for the alkali metal, and use an alkaline earth metal.
- a CaO.05g was used, a template with a GaN semiconductor layer with a thickness of 10 m on a sapphire substrate was used.
- the procedure was the same as in Example 1 except that the nitrogen atmosphere pressure was 20 atm (20 ⁇ 1.0325 ⁇ 10 5 Pa).
- the Inconel container 401 and the raw material gas supply apparatus 405 using a flexible pipe 408 are connected by connecting portions 404, to flexible noisypu 408 1000 atm (1000 X 1. 01325 X 10 5 Pa) Because of the corresponding design, it was possible to grow while swinging the Inconel container 401 without disconnecting the Inconel container 401 and the raw material gas supply device 405 at the connection portion 404.
- a crystal having a thickness of 2 mm could be grown for a growth time of 30 hours. Since the crucible was swung, the raw material liquid was stirred, and nitrogen was dissolved efficiently, the nitrogen dissolution time could be shortened to within 10 hours, and a growth rate of about 100 mZ was achieved.
- the atmosphere in the electric furnace was air, but corrosion of the closed pressure- and heat-resistant container was hardly observed.
- the atmosphere in the electric furnace is made of an inert gas, so that the number of times of reusing the sealed pressure- and heat-resistant container can be improved. Even if the atmosphere in the electric furnace was air as well, corrosion was hardly observed even when Hastelloy Incoloy was used as an alternative material for the closed pressure- and heat-resistant container.
- a group III nitride single crystal was manufactured using the manufacturing apparatus shown in FIG. The method shown in FIG. 7 was used as the manufacturing method.
- a stainless steel container was used as the hermetically sealed pressure- and heat-resistant container 501.
- Ga was used for the group III element 701
- a template having a semiconductor layer represented by A1N on a sapphire substrate was used for the template 702
- liquid sodium was used for the flux raw material 703.
- the raw material liquid was formed in the crucible by raising the temperature to the growth temperature, and the growth furnace 508 was swung in the direction of the arrow to generate a single crystal of a group III nitride semiconductor. After the growth of the single crystal, the temperature of the raw material liquid is lowered to 300 ° C (573K), and the raw material liquid is extracted to allow cooling. It was possible to avoid that the raw material liquid was alloyed and the formed single crystal was damaged.
- a group III nitride single crystal was manufactured using the manufacturing apparatus shown in FIG. The method shown in Fig. 10 was used as the manufacturing method.
- a stainless steel container was used for the hermetically sealed pressure- and heat-resistant container 401, and an alumina crucible was used for the crucible 402 (1 001).
- For the group III element Ga40g was used, and for the alkali metal, Na50g was used.
- FIG. 10 (a) five sheets of the template 1003 were placed perpendicular to the bottom of the crucible 1001.
- the raw material liquid was formed in the crucible by raising the temperature to the growth temperature, and the growth furnace 406 was swung in the direction of the arrow to generate a single crystal of a group III nitride semiconductor.
- the growth temperature is 850. C (1123K), 850. Was C nitrogen atmosphere pressure of 35 atm at (1123K) (35 X 1. 01325 X 1 0 5 Pa).
Abstract
Description
Claims
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US10/598,095 US7435295B2 (en) | 2004-02-19 | 2005-02-18 | Method for producing compound single crystal and production apparatus for use therein |
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US10100266B2 (en) | 2006-01-12 | 2018-10-16 | The Board Of Trustees Of The University Of Arkansas | Dielectric nanolubricant compositions |
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JP2013234122A (ja) * | 2007-12-05 | 2013-11-21 | Ricoh Co Ltd | Iii族窒化物結晶の結晶製造方法 |
JP2010083711A (ja) * | 2008-09-30 | 2010-04-15 | Toyoda Gosei Co Ltd | Iii族窒化物系化合物半導体の製造方法 |
JP2010228990A (ja) * | 2009-03-27 | 2010-10-14 | Toyoda Gosei Co Ltd | 結晶成長装置 |
WO2015020226A1 (en) | 2013-08-08 | 2015-02-12 | Ricoh Company, Limited | Method and apparatus for manufacturing group 13 nitride crystal |
WO2015020225A1 (en) * | 2013-08-08 | 2015-02-12 | Ricoh Company, Limited | Apparatus and method for manufacturing group 13 nitride crystal |
JP2015034104A (ja) * | 2013-08-08 | 2015-02-19 | 株式会社リコー | 13族窒化物結晶の製造装置及び製造方法 |
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KR101788487B1 (ko) | 2013-08-08 | 2017-10-19 | 가부시키가이샤 리코 | 13 족 질화물 결정을 제조하기 위한 방법 및 장치 |
JP2014221717A (ja) * | 2014-07-16 | 2014-11-27 | 株式会社リコー | 窒化物結晶製造方法および窒化物結晶製造装置 |
Also Published As
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US7435295B2 (en) | 2008-10-14 |
CN1922345A (zh) | 2007-02-28 |
JPWO2005080648A1 (ja) | 2008-01-10 |
US20070215035A1 (en) | 2007-09-20 |
CN100564616C (zh) | 2009-12-02 |
JP4189423B2 (ja) | 2008-12-03 |
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