WO2005075638A1 - 遺伝子検出電界効果デバイスおよびこれを用いた遺伝子多型解析方法 - Google Patents
遺伝子検出電界効果デバイスおよびこれを用いた遺伝子多型解析方法 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2005075638A1 WO2005075638A1 PCT/JP2005/001987 JP2005001987W WO2005075638A1 WO 2005075638 A1 WO2005075638 A1 WO 2005075638A1 JP 2005001987 W JP2005001987 W JP 2005001987W WO 2005075638 A1 WO2005075638 A1 WO 2005075638A1
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- C12Q2600/156—Polymorphic or mutational markers
Definitions
- the invention of this application relates to a gene detection field effect device and a method for analyzing a gene polymorphism using the device. More specifically, the invention of this application provides a new method that enables high-sensitivity and high-accuracy gene detection and analysis, and enables a gene polymorphism analysis system to be smaller and less costly than before.
- the present invention relates to a gene detection field effect device and a method for analyzing a gene polymorphism using the device. Background art
- nucleotide sequence information With the decoding of the entire nucleotide sequence of the human genome being completed and the sequencing of the genome nucleotide sequences of other organisms progressing rapidly, vast amounts of nucleotide sequence information are being accumulated. By elucidating the functions of genes in living organisms based on these genomic base sequence information, the development of gene-related technologies in a wide range of fields, such as diagnosis of various diseases, development of pharmaceuticals, and breeding of agricultural crops, has jumped. It is thought that it progresses. The basis for the development of these new fields is gene expression and function information in addition to nucleotide sequence information.
- a DNA chip or a DNA microarray (both collectively referred to as a DNA microarray) has been developed as a technology for analyzing gene functions and gene expression on a large scale and developing it into genetic testing.
- a DNA microarray uses fluorescence detection as a basic principle, and therefore require a laser and a complicated optical system, and have a problem that the system is large and expensive.
- most DNA microarrays currently being developed are based on the detection of double-stranded DNA based on hybridization, and the selectivity of the reaction is not very high, so there was a problem with the accuracy of gene polymorphism analysis. .
- Non-Patent Document 1 and Non-Patent Document 2 are examples of Non-Patent Documents.
- Non-Patent Document 3 a method for detecting a hybridization reaction by measuring oxidation / reduction current at a metal electrode using Ferrocenylnaphthalene Diimide as an electrochemically active labeling agent.
- Non-Patent Document 4 a drug efficacy test system for hepatitis C has been developed using a current detection type DNA chip. This method does not require expensive lasers or complicated optical systems, so a simple and compact system can be constructed.
- the oxidation / reduction reaction on the metal electrode is used as the basic principle of detection, so that an oxidized substance or a reduced substance (for example, ascorbic acid) exists in the sample. Then, a current based on oxidation or reduction flows, and there is a problem that the detection accuracy is deteriorated because it interferes with gene detection.
- the electrode reaction proceeds on the metal electrode with the current measurement. Electrode reactions are irreversible and non-equilibrium reactions that can cause electrode corrosion, gas generation, etc., which can lead to detachment of immobilized nucleic acids or impair the stability of current measurement. There was a problem that accuracy deteriorated.
- Non-patent Document 5 discloses an attempt to detect hybridization of DNA using a field effect device. This utilizes the fact that DM molecules have a negative charge in a solution, and uses the electric field effect to detect a change in charge due to hybridization. However, since the DNA probe formed on the substrate originally has a negative charge, the hybridization of the target gene The change in charge due to the application was small and could not be distinguished from non-specific adsorption. In addition, single nucleotide polymorphism
- Non-patent document 1 Nature Biotechnology, vol. 16, p27-31, 1998
- Non-patent document 2 Nature Biotechnology, vol. 16, ⁇ 40-44, 1998
- Non-patent document 3 Anal. CheE, 72, pl334-1341, 2000
- Non-patent document 4 Intervirology, 43, pl24-127, 2000
- Non-patent document 5 J. Phys. Cem. B., 101, p2980-2985, 1997 Disclosure of the invention
- the invention of this application was made in view of the circumstances described above, and it is possible to detect and analyze a gene with high sensitivity and high accuracy, and furthermore, a gene polymorphism analysis system. It is an object of the present invention to provide a new gene detection field-effect device capable of reducing the size and cost of the device, and a method for analyzing a gene polymorphism using the device.
- the invention of this application provides the following inventions (1) to (9) as means for solving the above problems.
- a gene detection field effect device provided with an insulating film body, a semiconductor substrate, and a reference electrode, comprising:
- the insulating film body has a nucleic acid probe immobilized on one side thereof and is in contact with a sample solution containing at least one kind of target gene;
- a gene detection field effect device comprising: (2) At least two or more of the gene detection field effect devices described in (1) above are provided, and the nucleotide sequence of the gene of interest is complementary to the base sequence of the target gene on the insulating film of each of the gene detection field effect devices.
- a gene detection field-effect device wherein at least two types of nucleic acid probes are immobilized, including a lobe and a mutant nucleic acid probe having a base sequence not complementary to the base sequence of the target gene;
- the base at the non-immobilized end where the nucleic acid probe is not immobilized on the insulating film is different from the base at the non-immobilized end of the wild-type nucleic acid probe.
- the nucleic acid probe is at least one selected from the group consisting of an oligonucleotide, a complementary DNA (cDNA) and a peptide nucleic acid (PNA).
- the gene detection electric field according to any one of (1) to (3) Effect device;
- the metal electrode is at least one selected from the group consisting of platinum, gold, silver, palladium, titanium and chromium;
- Taq DNA polymerase which is an enzyme in the extension reaction, and deoxyadenosine triphosphate (dATP), which is a substrate
- dGTP ciguanosine triphosphate
- dCTP deoxycytidine triphosphate
- dTTP deoxythymidine triphosphate
- step (9) The measurement of the output value in step (e) is based on the first gene detection field-effect device on which the wild-type nucleic acid probe is immobilized and the third on which the nucleic acid probe is not immobilized on the insulating film.
- the differential output value VI from the gene detection field effect device is measured, and the difference between the second gene detection field effect device on which the mutant nucleic acid probe is immobilized and the third gene detection field effect device is measured.
- Measure the differential output value V2 pattern where VI is greater than V2 (V1> V2), pattern where VI and V2 are comparable
- V1 V2
- VKV2 V2
- FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view schematically illustrating one embodiment of the gene detection field effect device of the present invention.
- FIG. 2 is a graph schematically illustrating the detection principle of the gene detection field effect device of FIG.
- FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view schematically showing one example of a gene detection field effect transistor using the gene detection field effect device of the invention of this application.
- FIG. 4 is a graph schematically illustrating the detection principle of the gene detection field effect transistor of FIG.
- FIG. 5 shows a nucleic acid probe having a single nucleotide difference immobilized in a gene detection field effect transistor comprising the gene detection field effect device according to the invention of the present application.
- FIG. 2A is a cross-sectional view schematically illustrating a state in which the gene detection field-effect transistor has a wild-type nucleic acid probe fixed thereto, and
- FIG. 3 shows an effect transistor.
- FIG. 6 is a cross-sectional view schematically illustrating each of the elongation reactions in the gene detection field-effect transistor of FIG. 5, and (A) shows a gene detection field-effect transistor having a wild-type nucleic acid probe immobilized thereon. (B) shows a gene detection field-effect transistor to which the mutant nucleic acid probe is immobilized.
- FIG. 7 is a cross-sectional view schematically illustrating a state in which a nucleic acid probe is immobilized via a metal electrode in a gene detection field effect device including the gene detection field effect device of the invention of the present application.
- () Shows a gene-detecting field-effect transistor having a wild-type nucleic acid probe immobilized thereon, and
- (B) shows a gene-detecting field-effect transistor having a mutant nucleic acid probe immobilized thereon.
- FIG. 8 is a cut-away view schematically illustrating a state in which an intensifier is reacted with a nucleic acid probe in FIG. 7, and (A) is a gene detection field effect in which a wild-type nucleic acid probe is immobilized. Transistors, and ( ⁇ ) indicate a gene detection field-effect transistor to which a mutant nucleic acid probe is immobilized.
- FIG. 9 is a cross-sectional view schematically illustrating a state in which a heater and a temperature sensor are integrated in a gene detection field-effect transistor including the gene detection field-effect device according to the invention of the present application. is there.
- FIG. 10 is a cross-sectional view schematically illustrating an embodiment in which gene detection field-effect transistors comprising the gene detection field-effect device of the invention of the present application are arrayed.
- FIG. 11 is a schematic diagram schematically illustrating the overall configuration of a measurement system using the gene detection field effect device of the invention of the present application.
- FIG. 12 is a cross-sectional view schematically illustrating a flow cell on which the gene detection field effect device of the invention of the present application is mounted.
- FIG. 13 is an explanatory diagram schematically illustrating a measurement protocol using the gene detection field effect device of the invention of the present application.
- symbol in a figure has shown the following.
- Insulating film 2 0 Thermally conductive material
- the feature of the invention of this application is that the gene detection field-effect device of the invention of this application is combined with a molecular biological reaction to form a monosalt between two genes. Detect and analyze differences in groups, ie, gene polymorphism or single nucleotide polymorphism
- SNP Single Nucleotide Polymorphism
- FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view schematically illustrating one embodiment of the gene detection field effect device of the present invention.
- the gene detection field-effect device (1A) of the invention of this application includes at least a rising film (2), a semiconductor substrate (3), and a reference electrode (4).
- a nucleic acid probe (5) is immobilized and is in contact with a sample solution (6) containing at least the target gene.
- This nucleic acid probe (5) has a nucleotide sequence complementary to the nucleotide sequence of the target gene, which can bind to and hybridize with the target gene (described below) to be detected and analyzed.
- the semiconductor device has a structure characterized in that a semiconductor substrate (3) is provided on the other surface side of the insulating film body (2).
- the material of the semiconductor substrate (3) is not particularly limited as long as it has the function, and for example, P-Si4 (silicon), germanium, or the like can be used.
- a reference electrode (4) is provided in a sample solution (6), and is electrically connected to a semiconductor substrate (3).
- a gate electrode (7) may be provided to apply a voltage.
- the form and length of the nucleic acid probe (5) is not particularly limited as long as it can bind to the target gene to be detected and analyzed and can be detected and analyzed. It is preferable to use natural oligonucleotides, artificial oligonucleotides, cDM fragments, peptide nucleic acids and the like. As for the length, it is usually preferable that it is composed of not more than 300 bases, When an artificial oligonucleotide is used, it is more preferably a nucleic acid fragment consisting of 80 or less bases.
- the insulating film material (2) is silicon dioxide (Si0 2), silicon nitride (SiN or Si 3 N 4), aluminum oxide (A1 2 0 3), tantalum oxide (Ta 2 0 5) a material such as single, or, it that can be used in combination, because usually with good keeping the electrical characteristics of the semiconductor substrate (3) front surface, on the silicon oxide (Si0 2), silicon nitride (SiN), acid ⁇ aluminum ( A1 2 0 3), it is preferable that the tantalum oxide (Ta 2 0 5) two layers by laminating or the like structure.
- one end of the nucleic acid probe (5) is connected to an amino group (NH 2 group), a thiol group (SH group), Chemical modification with biotin, etc.
- an amino group NH 2 group
- a thiol group SH group
- Chemical modification with biotin etc.
- the surface of the insulating film (2) is chemically modified with aminopropylethoxysilane, polylysine, or the like, and the surface of the insulating film (2) is modified.
- An amino group is introduced and reacted with dalaldehyde or phenylenediisocyanate (PDC), and the nucleic acid probe (5) chemically modified with the above amino group is immobilized on the surface of the insulating film (2).
- PDC dalaldehyde or phenylenediisocyanate
- nucleic acid probe (5) chemically modified with a thiol group When a nucleic acid probe (5) chemically modified with a thiol group is immobilized on the surface of the insulating film (2), a gold thin film is formed on the insulating film (2), and the affinity between the thiol group and gold is The nucleic acid probe (5) can also be immobilized by using the method. Furthermore, when immobilizing a nucleic acid probe chemically modified with biotin (5), streptavidin is introduced into the surface of the insulating membrane (2), and the affinity of biotin and streptavidin is used to immobilize the nucleic acid. The probe (5) is immobilized on the surface of the insulating film (2).
- a solution containing the nucleic acid probe (5) is dropped or spotted only on the surface of the insulating film (2), and the functional groups on the insulating film (2) are removed. And immobilize the nucleic acid probe (5).
- the nucleic acid probe (5) may be immobilized via a metal electrode.
- the metal electrode for example, platinum, gold, silver, palladium, titanium, chromium and the like can be used.
- the sample solution (6) contains many genes including the target gene to be detected and analyzed. Then, as described above, the nucleic acid probe (5) having a complementary nucleotide sequence to the nucleotide sequence of the target gene is used as a gene detection field effect device.
- the double strand is formed by binding. Can be.
- reagents eg, TaQ polymerase dATP, dGTP, dCTP, dTTP, etc.
- the gene detection field effect device (1A) is introduced.
- a temperature control such as a heating operation and / or a cooling operation
- only a double-stranded sample formed by hybridizing the target gene and the nucleic acid probe (5) can be efficiently subjected to an extension reaction.
- a gene that is not the target gene contained in the sample solution (6) cannot be double-stranded with the immobilized nucleic acid probe (5) to form a double strand. Is not promoted.
- the temperature control means in the above-described gene detection field effect device (1A) for example, as illustrated in FIG. 9 described later, by integrating a heater (15) and a temperature sensor (16), hybridization is performed. And the reaction temperature of the extension reaction can be controlled to the optimum value, and the hybridization and extension reaction of the gene detection field effect device (1 A) on the insulating film (2) can be performed with high accuracy. Can be.
- the nucleic acid is negatively charged. Therefore, as described above, the elongation reaction is promoted by the formation of a double strand, so that the negative charge on the surface of the insulating film body (2) increases, and as a result, the semiconductor substrate made of silicon or the like is formed by electrostatic interaction. (3) Carriers on the surface, that is, electrons (8) Density changes. By detecting the electrical signal associated with the change in electron (8) density, SNP analysis can be performed with high sensitivity and high accuracy.
- the output value of the gene detection field-effect device (1A) of the invention of the present application depends on the pH of this buffer, and a significant difference is observed particularly when the pH is 7 or less.
- the pH is preferably set to 4 or less.
- FIG. 2 is a conceptual diagram showing an example in which a gear density change on the surface of a semiconductor substrate is detected as a change in capacitance of a gene detection field effect device.
- FIG. 7 is a diagram illustrating a state of change in capacitance-voltage characteristic when superimposed and applied.
- V G a change in V G, a depletion layer capacitance of the semiconductor substrate surface changes, the total capacitance one C c to be measured, the depletion layer capacitance of the capacitor and the semiconductor substrate surface of the insulating film material Since this is a sum, the characteristic shown by reference symbol A in the figure is obtained.
- the voltage at which the energy band in the silicon of the semiconductor substrate becomes flat is called a flat band voltage, and is an index for characterizing the capacitance-voltage characteristic.
- V F1 be the flat band voltage of the capacitance-sound voltage characteristic indicated by reference symbol A.
- the shift amount of the flat band voltage V F V F3 -V F1 (arrow E) becomes an index of the change in the charge density due to the elongation reaction, and when only the hybridization is performed. Since the shift amount is larger than the shift amount, high-sensitivity measurement becomes possible.
- Figure 3 shows the source and drain near the surface of p-type silicon (P-Si), which is the semiconductor substrate (3), in the gene detection field-effect device (1A) illustrated in Figure 1.
- a gene detection field effect device (1A) which comprises a gene detection field effect transistor (1B) by providing a source n-type region (9) and a drain n-type region (10), is schematically illustrated. It is sectional drawing.
- the gene detection field effect transistor (1B) is sometimes simply referred to as the gene detection field effect device (1A).
- the current ID between the drain n-type region (10) is measured by the drain ammeter (12).
- the nucleic acid probe (5) has the surface of the insulating film (2) between the source n-type region (9) and the drain n-type region (10) (hereinafter, this region is referred to as “gate insulating film region (201)”). Sometimes fixed).
- negative charges on the surface of the gate insulating film region (201) increase due to the formation of a double strand by hybridization, and as a result, the electrostatic interaction causes a reduction in the surface of the semiconductor substrate surface.
- the density of electrons (8) changes, and the resulting electrical signal is detected.
- FIG. 4 is a conceptual diagram showing an example of detecting a change in carrier density on the surface of a semiconductor substrate as a change in a gate voltage v G -drain current ID characteristic of a gene detection field effect device.
- Source while applying a constant voltage V D to drain, by electrostatic interaction when a negative voltage is applied to the gate voltage, a few career from the p-type semiconductor substrate surface electron is eliminated, majority carriers Certain holes accumulate.
- the gate voltage V G When applying the gate voltage V G of sufficient magnitude sources, n-type region of the drain is connected to a layer of the induced electrons on the surface of a semiconductor substrate, and the drain current I D flows out indicates conductivity has high Become.
- the gate voltage V G at which the drain current I D starts to be flow called the threshold voltage V T, V G - serves as an index characterizing the I D characteristics.
- the gate voltage V G in the positive direction the electron density of the semiconductor substrate surface is increased, the drain current I D increases. Therefore, the characteristic shown by the symbol A 'in Fig. 4 is obtained, and the threshold voltage at this time is set to V.
- the shift amount of the threshold value voltage AV T V T2 - V T1 ( arrow D ') is dependent on the charge density change of the gate insulating film material region surface, by measuring .DELTA..nu tau,
- the length of the double strand becomes longer and the negative charge on the surface further increases. Therefore, one ID characteristic further shifts in the positive direction, and the code C ′ in FIG.
- FIG. 5 shows a gene detection field-effect device (1B) consisting of the gene detection field-effect device (1A) of the invention of the present application.
- different nucleic acid probes (5) are immobilized on each of the gene detection field effect devices (1B), and are hybridized with the target gene (601).
- FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view illustrating an example, in which (A) is a state in which a nucleic acid probe (wild type) having a nucleotide sequence completely complementary to the nucleotide sequence of the target gene is immobilized, and (B) is a nucleotide sequence of the target gene.
- A is a state in which a nucleic acid probe (wild type) having a nucleotide sequence completely complementary to the nucleotide sequence of the target gene is immobilized
- (B) is a nucleotide sequence of the target gene.
- FIG. 6 is a cross-sectional view schematically showing a state in which the extension reaction is promoted in the example of FIG. 5, (A) is a state in which the target gene and the nucleic acid probe are extended, (B) shows a state in which the extension reaction between the target gene and the nucleic acid probe is stopped.
- the basic configuration in FIGS. 5 and 6 is substantially the same as the example in FIG. As shown in FIGS.
- the invention of this application includes at least two or more gene detecting field effect transistors (1B) as described above, and each of the gene detecting field effect transistors (1B)
- each of the gene detecting field effect transistors (1B) By using a gene-detection field-effect transistor (1B) in which at least two types of nucleic acid probes (5) are immobilized on an insulating film (2), SNP analysis can be performed with high sensitivity and high sensitivity. Can be performed with precision.
- the at least two types of nucleic acid probes (5) include a wild-type (normal type) nucleic acid probe (501) having a base sequence complementary to the base sequence of the target gene (601) to be analyzed;
- the nucleotide sequence of the target gene (601) means a mutant nucleic acid probe (502) having a non-complementary nucleotide sequence.
- the end opposite to the immobilized end (503), which is the end where the nucleic acid probe (5) is immobilized on the insulating film (2) The base at the non-immobilized end (504) where the nucleic acid probe (5) is not immobilized is different from the base at the non-immobilized end (504) of the wild-type nucleic acid probe (501).
- the base at the non-immobilized end (504) of the mutant nucleic acid probe (502) is “G”, and the base of the target gene corresponding to this position is “T”. Therefore, the bond stops halfway and cannot form a double strand.
- the base at the non-immobilized end (504) of the wild-type nucleic acid probe (501) is “ ⁇ ”, which has a close relationship with the base “ ⁇ ” of the target gene corresponding to this position. Can combine to form a double strand.
- the sample solution (6) containing the nucleotide sequence of the target gene (601) is introduced onto the insulating film (2) of the field effect device (1B) composed of the gene detection field effect device (1A), After hybridization, unreacted target gene (601) is washed with a buffer solution or the like.
- the increase in negative charge due to the nucleic acid elongation reaction and the resulting signal can detect the phenomenon of hybridization with a large signal-to-noise ratio (SN ratio).
- SN ratio signal-to-noise ratio
- the genotype (ie, SNP) of the target gene (601) to be analyzed can be analyzed by comparing the outputs of the respective gene detection field effect devices (1A).
- the selectivity of hybridization is improved.
- Tm dissociation temperature
- the specificity of the reaction can be further increased, and more precise SNP analysis can be performed. This is because the hybridization with the mismatched mutant nucleic acid probe (502) having the mutation at the end is not sufficiently bound due to the low affinity between bases, resulting in an extension reaction. Because it does not happen.
- the wild type nucleic acid probe of Furumatsu (501) the bases at the non-immobilized ends surely form double strands by hydrogen bonding, so that an elongation reaction occurs and the negative charge increases.
- the electron (8) density on the semiconductor surface changes due to the electrostatic interaction, and the SNP can be analyzed with high accuracy by measuring the change in the electrical characteristics accompanying the change.
- the method of analyzing a gene polymorphism in the invention of this application uses the first gene-detecting field-effect transistor (1B) (1B) to which the wild-type nucleic acid probe (501) is immobilized.
- the differential output value V2 with the transistor is measured.
- FIG. 7 is a cross-sectional view schematically illustrating a state in which the nucleic acid probe (5) is fixed to the insulating film body (2) via the metal electrode (13) in the invention of this application.
- the metal electrode (13) can use platinum, gold, silver, palladium, titanium, chromium, etc., and thereby, the electrical characteristics accompanying the density change of the electrons (8) Can be detected with higher accuracy.
- FIG. 8 is a cutaway view schematically illustrating a state in which the intercalator (14) is reacted in the invention of this application.
- the intercalator (14) reacts only with double-stranded nucleic acids and ionizes in solution, and becomes positively charged.
- the wild-type nucleic acid probe (501) which has been elongated by the extension reaction, reacts more with the double-stranded nucleic acid of the immobilized gene detection field-effect transistor (1B).
- a signal change is obtained. This signal change is detected.
- the intercalator (14) for example, Hoechst 33258 ethidium bromide, cyber green, pico green, etc. can be used.
- FIG. 9 is a perspective view schematically illustrating another embodiment of the invention of this application.
- the basic configuration and the like are substantially the same as the examples shown in FIG. 3, FIG. 5, or FIG.
- a heater is formed as an n-type region for the heater as a temperature control means for accelerating the elongation reaction of the nucleic acid.
- Gene-detection field-effect transistor (1B) has a wild-type nucleic acid probe on the gate insulating film region (201).
- the heater (15) and the temperature sensor (16) were operated to set and control the sample temperature near the semiconductor substrate (3) to 45 during the hybridization and 62 during the extension reaction. In this way, by integrating the heater (15) and the temperature sensor (16) as temperature control means in the gene detection field-effect transistor (1B), the temperature during hybridization and extension reaction can be optimized. It can be set to a value, and more accurate measurement can be performed.
- FIG. 10 is a cross-sectional view schematically illustrating a configuration in which the embodiment of FIG. 9 is formed into an array and a plurality of SNP analyzes can be performed.
- each semiconductor substrate (3) on which the gene detection field-effect transistor (1B) is formed is made to correspond to the dissociation temperature of the nucleic acid probe (5). It is installed on one surface of the insulating film (19) so that heat can be set at an appropriate temperature, and heat is efficiently dissipated through the insulating film (19). Furthermore, in order to reduce the temperature crosstalk between each semiconductor substrate (3) and to enable independent temperature control, each gene detection field is made of a thermally conductive substance (20) such as silicon or polysilicon. It has a structure surrounding the effect transistor (1B) (silicon substrate (18)), and dissipates heat efficiently through the heat conductive material (20).
- an opening (21) is provided in the insulating film body (19), and the insulating film body of the gene detecting field effect transistor (1B) is provided. Align so that (19) matches opening (21). Furthermore, by providing a Peltier element (23) bonded to the copper plate (22) on the back surface of the copper plate (22), the accuracy of temperature control can be improved and the time for cooling can be reduced.
- a gene detection field-effect transistor array (1C) having such a structure, high-precision analysis can be performed in parallel even for multiple SNPs, and a high-throughput analysis system can be constructed. Can be.
- FIG. 11 is a conceptual diagram schematically showing an example of a measurement system using the gene effect field effect device (1A) in the invention of this application.
- the invention of this application mounts the gene detection field effect device (1A) (or the gene detection electric field ⁇ ! Transistor) having the above-mentioned features on the flow cell (24).
- a buffer (28) and a washing liquid (29) are connected to the flow path (25) via a valve (30), and a pump (31) is driven to drive the buffer (28) and the washing liquid ( 29) can be introduced into the flow cell (24).
- the sample (26) and the enzyme tack DNA polymerase (Tad DNA polymerase) for the extension reaction and the reagents (27) such as dATP, dGTP, dCTP, and dTTP serving as substrates are valved (30) with a dispenser (32).
- the gene detection field-effect device (1A) (gene-effect field effect transistor).
- the used liquid is sent to the waste liquid bottle (33) by the pump (31).
- An Ag-AgCl electrode is used as the reference electrode (34), and a 3M KC1 solution (35) is passed through it and connected to the flow path (25) downstream of the flow cell (24), and the liquid-liquid bonding (36 ), And electrically connected to the gene detection field-effect device (1A) (field-effect transistor for gene detection). Then, the output of the gene detection field effect device (1A) (field effect transistor for gene detection) after the reaction is processed / calculated by the signal processing circuit (37).
- FIG. 12 is a diagram schematically illustrating the structure of the flow cell (24) illustrated in FIG. Mount the field effect device (1A) for gene detection on the printed circuit board (38) in the flow cell (24), and connect it electrically to the printed circuit board (38) with the wire (39). Pins (40) are provided on the printed circuit board (38), and are connected to the signal processing circuit (37) illustrated in Fig. 11.
- the sample solution is passed through the flow path (25) to the field effect device for gene detection ( 1A) (or a field effect transistor for gene detection) Protective cap (41) on the wire (39) so that the sample solution does not come into contact with the wire (39) that is the signal conducting wire.
- the material of the protective cap (41) is not particularly limited as long as it has an insulating property, but, for example, acrylic, polypropylene, poly-polypropylene, etc. are suitable. Is preferred.
- the measurement system using the field effect device for gene detection (1A) of this configuration is a flow-type measurement, it can automatically process a large number of samples automatically and continuously. Effective for measurement.
- polymorphism for example, single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP), microsatellite polymorphism
- SNP single nucleotide polymorphism
- microsatellite polymorphism microsatellite polymorphism
- the Factor VII gene one of the blood coagulation genes, has multiple single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). It is known that the wild-type (normal) SNP at the -122 site, one of them, is thymine (T) or mutant cantocin (C). In order to detect the SNP at the Factor VII gene-122 site, two types of nucleic acid probes each composed of 11 bases corresponding to the wild type and the mutant type were synthesized. Their base sequences are as follows: SEQ ID NO: 1 shows a wild-type nucleic acid probe, and SEQ ID NO: 2 shows a mutant-type nucleic acid probe.
- Wild-type nucleic acid probe 5'-CGTCCTCTGAA-3 '(SEQ ID NO: 1)
- the nucleic acid probe was synthesized such that the base at the SP site was located at the 3 ′ end of the nucleic acid probe. That is, the base at the 3 ′ end is adenine (A) in the wild-type nucleic acid probe and guanine (G) in the mutant nucleic acid probe.
- the other nucleotide sequences are the same for both the wild type and the mutant type, and can be hybridized to the Factor VII gene to be detected.
- an amino group was modified on the 5 ′ end side of the above nucleic acid probe, and immobilized on the surface of the gate insulating film body region.
- the gate insulating film of the gene detection field-effect transistor in this example is modified with silicon nitride, and the surface is chemically modified with aminopropyltriethoxysilane to form amino groups on the surface of the nitride semiconductor substrate. Introduced. By reacting the amino group of the nucleic acid probe and the amino group of the silicon nitride with a bifunctional reagent such as, for example, glutaraldehyde, a nucleic acid probe is formed to form a bond with a Schiff base, thereby converting the nucleic acid probe into a nitride semiconductor substrate. Immobilized on the surface.
- a bifunctional reagent such as, for example, glutaraldehyde
- the wild-type nucleic acid probe is immobilized on the surface of the gate insulating film of one gene detection field-effect transistor, and the mutant nucleic acid probe is The sample was immobilized on the surface of the gate insulating membrane region of the gene-detection field-effect transistor and amplified in advance by the polymerase chain reaction (PCR).
- PCR polymerase chain reaction
- the sample extracts the human genome from leukocytes in blood, amplifies a 20-base long region containing the above SNP site, and introduces it into a gene-detection field-effect transistor on which a wild-type nucleic acid probe and a mutant nucleic acid probe are immobilized. Then, we performed high staff dilution at 45 for 8 hours. After hybridization, unreacted sample was removed by washing with a buffer.
- the nucleotide sequence of the wild-type nucleic acid probe was completely complementary to the nucleotide sequence of the wild-type sample, it was completely complementary-strand-bonded, including the SNP site, to form double-stranded DNA.
- the mutant nucleic acid probe since the base at the 3 'end is guanine (G), the base is not complementary to the base thymine (T) on the wild-type sample nucleic acid, so the 3' end is open. In this way, a double-stranded DM was formed. Therefore, the wild-type nucleic acid probe and the mutant nucleic acid Since the base sequences differ from each other, the dissociation temperatures (Ti) of the two differ, and by controlling the hybridization temperature, it was possible to increase the selectivity for duplex formation.
- An extension reaction was performed.
- the gene-detection field-effect transistor, in which the wild-type nucleic acid probe is immobilized
- nucleic acid probes were designed so that the base at the 3 'end would be the SNP site, and the wild-type and mutant nucleic acid probes were respectively immobilized on the gate insulating film of the gene detection field-effect transistor. Then, the SNP of the gene in the sample solution can be detected by performing hybridization with the sample solution containing the target gene and then performing the extension reaction.
- wild-type and mutant nucleic acid By comparing the magnitude of the change in the output of the gene-detected field-effect transistor with the immobilized gene, the homozygote of the wild type, the heterozygote of the wild type and the mutant type (lieterozygote), and the mutant type are compared. Thus, it was confirmed that the homozygote could be identified and the genotype could be detected.
- Example 2 Detection of SNP in Factor VII gene
- Example 1 a peptide nucleic acid (Peptide) was used as the nucleic acid probe immobilized on the gate insulating film body region of the gene detection field-effect transistor.
- PNA Nucleotide Acid
- the basic characteristics are almost the same as those in the case of the above-mentioned Example 1, but a peptide nucleic acid (PNA) was used as a nucleic acid probe.
- PNA peptide nucleic acid
- the output of the transistor immobilized with the wild-type PNA probe changed by 23 mV
- the output of the transistor immobilized with the mutant-type PM probe changed by 4 mV. Met.
- the output of the gene detection transistor with immobilized wild-type and mutant-type PNA probes is 15 mV and 13 mV, respectively. Both mutants could be detected.
- the output of the gene-detection field-effect transistor on which the wild-type PNA probe was immobilized showed almost no change of 2 mV, whereas the mutant PNA probe immobilized it.
- the output of the transformed gene-detection field-effect transistor was a 19 mV change.
- a wild-type homozygote, a mixed heterozygous mixture of a wild-type and a mutant, and a mutant homozygote can be identified, and the genotype (genotype) of the target gene can be identified. ) Can be detected.
- the completion of the reaction can be detected from the change in potential, and SNP detection and dienotyping can be performed efficiently.
- the synthesis of bases associated with the extension reaction is detected as an increase in electric charge. Can be detected.
- Example 3 Detection of SNP in alcohol dehydroginase-related gene It is known that alcohol nucleotide ligase has a single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP).
- SNP single nucleotide polymorphism
- the nucleic acid probe was designed so that the SNP site would be the 3 'terminal base.
- the base at the SNP site is thymine (T)
- C cytosine
- the nucleotide sequences of the corresponding nucleic acid probes are shown below.
- the wild-type nucleic acid probe in this example is shown in SEQ ID NO: 3
- the mutant nucleic acid probe is shown in SEQ ID NO: 4.
- Wild-type nucleic acid probe 5'-CATACACTA-3 '(SEQ ID NO: 3)
- Mutant nucleic acid probe 5 '-CATACACTG-3' (SEQ ID NO: 4)
- the basic configuration and the experimental procedure are substantially the same as those of the first and second embodiments.
- the wild-type nucleic acid probe shown in FIG. 7A was immobilized, and the mutant nucleic acid probe shown in FIG.
- the obtained gene detection field effect transistor was used.
- the nucleic acid probe is formed by forming a metal electrode on the gate insulating film body of the gene detection field effect transistor, modifying the 5 ′ end of the nucleic acid probe with a thiol group, and directly forming a bond with the metal electrode.
- a structure in which gold was laminated on a chromium thin film was used as a metal electrode.
- the sample is obtained by extracting the human genome from leukocytes in blood, amplifying a 100-base length region including the above SNP site, and introducing it into a gene detection field-effect transistor on which a wild-type or mutant nucleic acid probe is immobilized. We performed hybridization at 45 for 8 hours. After hybridization, unreacted sample was removed by washing with a buffer.
- the sample used in this example was a sample containing only a wild-type target gene, a double strand was formed by perfect complementary strand binding with the wild-type nucleic acid probe.
- the mutant nucleic acid probe did not bind to the complementary strand due to the presence of the SNP at the 3 'end, and formed a double strand with the 3' end open.
- a mixture of (Taa DNA polymerase) and dATP, dGTP, dCTP, and dTTP as substrates was introduced into the sample, and the temperature was set at 62 to perform an extension reaction on the gate insulating film. Then, in the gene detection field-effect transistor on which the wild-type nucleic acid probe is immobilized, as described above, by introducing a sample containing only the wild-type target gene, a double strand of a completely complementary strand including the termini is formed. The extension reaction was accelerated, and the output showed a change of 28 mV. On the other hand, in the gene-detection field-effect transistor in which the mutant nucleic acid probe was immobilized, the elongation reaction did not occur and the output hardly changed (3 mV Change).
- This embodiment is characterized in that an intercalator that reacts with a double-stranded nucleic acid is introduced after the extension reaction. Yuichi Intercurry says in a molecular biology experiment It is generally used as a photopigment. Many intercalated molecules ionize in solution and become positively charged.
- the intercalation in the invention of the present application utilized the property of electric charge instead of the property of pigment.
- Hoechst33258 was used as an intercalator.
- each of the wild-type and mutant nucleic acid probes measures the output potential of the immobilized gene detection field-effect transistor, and Hoeclist33258 is placed on the gate insulating film. And reacted.
- Hoeclist33258 which is an intercalator, reacts only with the double-stranded nucleic acid and reacts more with the double-stranded nucleic acid of the wild-type transistor that has been elongated by the extension reaction. Thus, a large signal change was obtained.
- the output potential of the wild-type transistor changed by 27 mV, and the output potential of the mutant transistor was 6 mV.
- SP detection and genotype discrimination of three types of samples that is, wild-type Z wild-type homozygous, mutant Z-mutant homozygous, and wild-type heterozygous heterozygous can be performed.
- intercalation has a positive charge, so it can be used for hybridization and extension of negatively charged nucleic acids. This is the point of outputting a signal of the opposite polarity to the output change based on this. Since the intercalator reacts only with the double-stranded nucleic acid, it does not react nonspecifically with the single-stranded nucleic acid adsorbed on the gate insulating film, and the signal based on the hybridization / extension reaction and the non- By separating the signal of the single-stranded nucleic acid specifically adsorbed, it is possible to selectively detect only the signal based on the hybridization-extension reaction. This makes it possible to detect SNPs and genotypes with a high signal / noise ratio (S / ratio). Industrial applicability
- the invention of this application enables high-sensitivity and high-accuracy gene detection and analysis, and makes it possible to reduce the cost of the gene polymorphism analysis system by making it smaller than before. it can.
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DE112005000293.4T DE112005000293B4 (de) | 2004-02-03 | 2005-02-03 | Verfahren zum Analysieren einer Genpolymorphie |
US10/587,941 US7695907B2 (en) | 2004-02-03 | 2005-02-03 | Gene detection field-effect device and method of analyzing gene polymorphism therewith |
US12/696,342 US20100197001A1 (en) | 2004-02-03 | 2010-01-29 | Gene detection field-effect device and method of analyzing gene polymorphism therewith |
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JP2004026821A JP3903183B2 (ja) | 2004-02-03 | 2004-02-03 | 遺伝子検出電界効果デバイスおよびこれを用いた遺伝子多型解析方法 |
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US20100197001A1 (en) | 2010-08-05 |
DE112005000293B4 (de) | 2015-04-09 |
JP2005218310A (ja) | 2005-08-18 |
US7695907B2 (en) | 2010-04-13 |
DE112005000293T5 (de) | 2007-10-04 |
JP3903183B2 (ja) | 2007-04-11 |
US20080286762A1 (en) | 2008-11-20 |
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