WO2005063827A1 - フルオロポリマーの製造方法 - Google Patents
フルオロポリマーの製造方法 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2005063827A1 WO2005063827A1 PCT/JP2004/019219 JP2004019219W WO2005063827A1 WO 2005063827 A1 WO2005063827 A1 WO 2005063827A1 JP 2004019219 W JP2004019219 W JP 2004019219W WO 2005063827 A1 WO2005063827 A1 WO 2005063827A1
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- polymerization
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- emulsified dispersion
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- autoclave
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
- C08F214/00—Copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by a halogen
- C08F214/18—Monomers containing fluorine
- C08F214/22—Vinylidene fluoride
- C08F214/225—Vinylidene fluoride with non-fluorinated comonomers
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
- C08F14/00—Homopolymers and copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by a halogen
- C08F14/02—Monomers containing chlorine
- C08F14/04—Monomers containing two carbon atoms
- C08F14/06—Vinyl chloride
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a method for producing a fluoropolymer that can carry out polymerization with high production efficiency in the presence of a small amount of a surfactant.
- Fluoropolymers exhibit excellent chemical resistance, solvent resistance, and heat resistance, and are therefore used as raw materials for sealing materials and the like used under severe conditions, such as the automobile industry, the semiconductor industry, and the Iridaku Industry. Wide, etc.!, Used in industrial fields!
- fluoropolymers are produced by emulsion polymerization or suspension polymerization of fluoroolefin.
- surfactants are used in the emulsion polymerization method, but as the amount of surfactant used increases, the number of polymer particles generated at the beginning of emulsion polymerization increases, the polymerization speed increases, and the production of fluoropolymers increases. Efficiency is improved.
- a surfactant is used in a large amount, there is a tendency that various properties such as water resistance of the fluoropolymer obtained from the surfactant are reduced. Therefore, it has been desired to develop a method for producing a fluoropolymer, which allows efficient polymerization in the presence of a small amount of a surfactant and does not adversely affect the properties of the fluoropolymer.
- linear aliphatic sulfonates are used to replace expensive, perfluorooctanoic acid ammonium which is generally used in emulsion polymerization of fluoropolymers.
- Fluoropolymers have been produced using salt-based surfactants (see, for example, US Pat. No. 6,512,033).
- salt-based surfactants see, for example, US Pat. No. 6,512,033
- the present invention relates to a method for producing a fluoropolymer that can carry out polymerization with high production efficiency in the presence of a small amount of a surfactant.
- Means for solving the problem That is, the present invention relates to a method for producing a fluoropolymer containing at least one fluorofluorin, which comprises the formula (1):
- R 2 is an alkyl group or an alkenyl group which may be the same or different
- R 3 is a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group or an alkenyl group
- the total number of carbon atoms of R 1 to R 3 Is 2—25 and L— is —SO—, —OSO—, —PO—, — OPO— or —COO—
- M + is a monovalent cation
- the surfactant is represented by the formula (2):
- R 1 and R 2 are an alkyl group or an alkenyl group having a total of 2 to 25 carbon atoms, and may be the same or different, and L— is SO—, -OSO-, -PO-, one O
- it is a surfactant.
- the total carbon number is preferably 10-20.
- the polymerization is preferably production polymerization of seed particles.
- the fluoroolefin is 1,1-difluoroethylene.
- FIG. 1 is a graph showing the relationship between the concentration of surfactant and the number of emulsified dispersions per lg of water (the number of particles) in Examples 118 and Comparative Examples 113.
- the present invention is a process for producing a fluoropolymer containing at least one fluoroolefin, comprising the following formula (1):
- R 2 is an alkyl group or an alkenyl group which may be the same or different
- R 3 is a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group or an alkenyl group, and the total number of carbon atoms of R 1 to R 3 Is 2—25 and L— is —SO— OPO— or —COO—
- M + is a monovalent cation
- the fluorofluorin is not particularly limited, but in the present invention, the fluoropolymer is a copolymer of two or more fluorofluorin monomers, or a fluorofluorin monomer and a non-fluoroolefin. A copolymer of a refin monomer can be employed.
- Fluoroolefin monomers include tetrafluoroethylene (TFE), hexafluoropropylene (HFP), perfluoro (alkyl butyl ether) (PAVE), [0021] [Formula 4]
- Perfluoroolefin monomers such as trifluoroethylene (CTFE), 1,1-difluoroethylene (VdF), trifluoroethylene, butyl fluoride, trifluoropropylene, and pentane
- CTFE trifluoroethylene
- VdF 1,1-difluoroethylene
- N-perfluoroolefin monomers such as fluoropropylene, tetrafluoropropylene, and hexafluoroisobutene are exemplified.
- PAVE include perfluoro (methyl vinyl ether) (PMVE), perfluoro (ethyl vinyl ether) (PEVE), and perfluoro (propyl vinyl ether) (PPVE).
- a fluoroolefin monomer containing a functional group can be used.
- a functional group-containing fluoroolefin for example, a compound represented by the formula (3):
- X 1 and X 2 are the same or different, each of which is a hydrogen atom or a fluorine atom, and R is carbon atom 0-f
- CF 2 CFOCF 2 CF 2 CH 2 OH
- CF 2 CFO (CF 2 ) 3 COOH
- CF 2 CFOCF 2 CF 2 COOCH 3
- CF 2 CFOCF 2 CFOCF 2 CF 2 CH 2 OH
- CF 2 CFCF 2 COOH
- CF 2 CFCF 2 CH 2 OH
- CF 2 CFCF 2 CF 2 CH 2 CHCH 2
- CF 2 CFCF 2 OCF 2 CFCOOCH 3
- CF 2 CFOCF-, CFOCF 2 CF 2 SOgF
- CH 2 CFCF 2 OCFCH 2 OCH 3 ⁇ 4 CHCH 2
- CH 2 CHCF 2 CF 2 CH 2 CH 2 COOH
- CH 2 CH-e CF 2 CH 2 CH fH 2 0H
- CH 2 CH -6 CF 2 CH 2 CH 2 COOCH 3
- CH 2 CFCOOH
- CH 2 CHCH 2 C—OH [0028].
- an iodine-containing monomer such as perfluoro (6,6-dihydro-6-) described in Japanese Patent Publication No. 5-63482 and Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 62-12734.
- Iodides of perfluorovinyl ethers such as iodo-3oxa-1—hexene) and perfluoro (5—doodo3—year-old pentene) can also be copolymerized.
- non-fluorene monomer examples include ⁇ -olefin monomers having 2 to 10 carbon atoms, such as ethylene (ET), propylene, butene, and pentene; methyl vinyl ether, ethynolebininoleatene, Examples thereof include alkylbutyl ether having an alkyl group having 120 carbon atoms, such as propynolebininoleatenore, cyclohexinolebininoleatenore, hydroxybutyl vinyl ether and butyl vinyl ether.
- ⁇ -olefin monomers having 2 to 10 carbon atoms such as ethylene (ET), propylene, butene, and pentene
- methyl vinyl ether examples thereof include alkylbutyl ether having an alkyl group having 120 carbon atoms, such as propynolebininoleatenore, cyclohexinolebininoleatenore, hydroxybutyl vinyl ether and but
- a copolymer consisting of 1,1-difluoroethylene and hexafluoropropylene or a copolymer consisting of 1,1-difluoroethylene, hexafluoropropylene and tetrafluoroethylene, Preferred for the purpose of producing a fluoropolymer.
- the composition of the fluoropolymer obtained at this time is preferably more than 100: 1 to 50:50 in molar ratio of the above-mentioned 1,1-difluoroethylene: hexafluoropropylene.
- properly 90: 10- 60:40, and tetrafurfuryl O b ethylene force O-40 mole 0/0 preferably include a tool 0- 30 mol% is more preferable.
- R 2 may be the same or different! /, And may be an alkyl group or an alkenyl group, and R 3 may be a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group or an alkaryl group.
- the alkyl group or the alkenyl group may be linear or branched.
- R 1 - total number of carbon atoms in R 3 is 2-25, and more preferably preferably fixture 10 20 der Rukoto is 5-20. If the total carbon number of R 1 -R 3 exceeds 25, the concentration in the water phase that is hardly soluble in water tends to be unable to be increased. Further, specific examples of such a surfactant include HostapurSAS93 of Clariant Japan KK.
- R 3 is a hydrogen atom, and R 1 and R 2 may be the same or different from each other in terms of high emulsifying power.
- the total number of carbon 2 25 Al kill group or Aruke - a is preferred instrument
- R 3 it is Le group is a hydrogen atom, Yogu total carbon be different even with the same R 1 and R 2 1S number 5 20 alkyl group or the a is preferred instrument
- R 3 is a hydrogen atom an alkenyl group,, respectively it R 1 and R 2 force Yogu total number of carbon atoms be different even in the same
- it is a 10-20 alkyl or alkenyl group.
- alkyl group or the alkyl group include, but are not limited to, fluorine, methyl, ethyl, propyl, isopropyl, butyl, isobutyl, t-butyl, pentyl, pentyl, and the like.
- L- is a group represented by SO-OSO-PO-OPO- or COO-
- the monovalent cations include lithium ion, sodium ion, potassium ion, rubidium ion, cesium ion, and ammonium ion. From the viewpoint of economical efficiency, sodium ion and ammonium ion are preferable.
- the amount of the surfactant represented by the formula (1) is preferably 100 to 9000 ppm power S, and more preferably 500 5000 ppm power to the total amount of water! / ⁇ .
- the surface active agent's 14 agent usage is less than 100 ppm, the effect as a surfactant is reduced, the number of generated particles is reduced, and 9000 pp If it exceeds m, aggregation of the dispersion due to the surfactant tends to occur.
- the surfactant may be used in combination with another surfactant.
- Surfactants that can be used in combination include, for example, F (CF) COOM, F (CF) COOM, C
- Fluorinated surfactants such as F CF) CH CH SO M (M is a monovalent cation), CH (C
- Hydrocarbon surfactants such as thione
- Examples of the surfactant that can be used in combination include a reactive surfactant comprising a compound having a radical polymerizable unsaturated bond and a hydrophilic group in the molecule.
- Reactive surfactants can form part of the polymer chain of the polymer when present in the reaction system during polymerization.
- the reactive surfactant for example, the conjugate described in JP-A-8-67795 can be used.
- the polymerization method of the present invention is not particularly limited, and may be a known method such as emulsion polymerization, suspension polymerization or the like.
- the initial stage of seed polymerization that is, the production polymerization of seed particles can be suitably applied.
- the seed polymerization method is not particularly limited, and may be a known method.
- the stirring means for example, anchor blades, turbine blades, inclined blades and the like can be used. Stirring with large blades called full zone or max blend is preferred, in which monomer diffusion and polymer dispersion stability are good. ⁇ .
- the stirring device may be a horizontal stirring device or a vertical stirring device.
- the polymerization temperature is not particularly limited, and an optimum temperature is adopted according to the type of the polymerization initiator. However, if the temperature is too high, the monomer density in the gas phase may easily decrease, or a branching reaction of the polymer may occur, so that the desired copolymer may not be obtained. Preferably it is 40-120 ° C, more preferably 50-100 ° C.
- the monomer may be supplied continuously or sequentially!
- an oil-soluble peroxide compound can be used as a polymerization initiator.
- Diisopropyl peroxydicarbonate (IPP) a typical oil-soluble initiator, is di-n-propyl peroxydicarbonate.
- Peroxycarbonates such as (NPP) have the danger of explosion and are expensive, and they tend to adhere to scales on the walls of the polymerization tank during the polymerization reaction! There is.
- a water-soluble radical polymerization initiator it is preferable to use a water-soluble radical polymerization initiator.
- water-soluble radical polymerization initiator examples include, for example, persulfuric acid, perboric acid, perchloric acid, perphosphoric acid, and ammonium, potassium, and sodium salts of percarbonate. Preferred are potassium and potassium persulfate.
- the amount of the polymerization initiator to be added is not particularly limited !, but the amount is not less than a certain amount (for example, several ppm to water concentration), which is not significantly reduced at the beginning of the polymerization, or is not reduced significantly. Should be added sequentially or continuously.
- the upper limit is within the range that can remove heat from polymerization reaction heat of the device.
- a molecular weight modifier and the like may be further added.
- the molecular weight regulator may be added all at once in the initial stage, or may be added continuously or in portions.
- Examples of the molecular weight adjusting agent include esters of esters such as dimethyl malonate, getyl malonate, methyl acetate, ethyl acetate, butyl acetate, dimethyl succinate, isopentane, isopropanol, acetone, various mercaptans, carbon tetrachloride , Cyclohexane, mono-iodomethane, 1-iodomethane, 1-iodopropane, isopropyl iodide, iodomethane, 1,2-iodomethane, 1,3-iodopropane and the like.
- esters of esters such as dimethyl malonate, getyl malonate, methyl acetate, ethyl acetate, butyl acetate, dimethyl succinate, isopentane, isopropanol, acetone, various mercaptans, carbon tetrachloride , Cyclohex
- a buffering agent or the like may be appropriately added, but the amount is preferably in the range of V, which does not impair the effects of the present invention.
- the particle size of the emulsified dispersion was determined using a Microtrac UPA (Nikkiso (The molecular weight of the fluoropolymer was measured using GPC (manufactured by Tosoh Corporation).
- a mixed gas containing 65 mol% of hexafluoropropylene (HFP) and 1,1-difluoroethylene (VdF) power 3 ⁇ 45 mol% power was charged to IMPa in a vacuum state.
- the autoclave was immersed in water nos with a horizontal stirrer whose temperature was adjusted to 80 ° C, and the polymerization reaction was started. The pressure in the autoclave became constant after 3 minutes, and then decreased with the polymerization reaction. The polymerization reaction was performed for one hour.
- the autoclave was taken out of the water bath, the remaining monomer was released into the air, and the particle size of the obtained emulsified dispersion was measured by UPA to find that it was 95.2 nm.
- the concentration of the emulsified dispersion was measured to 1.63% by evaporating a portion of the emulsified dispersion to dryness. From the particle diameter and the concentration of the emulsified dispersion, the number of emulsified dispersions per lg of water (the number of particles) was calculated to be 2 ⁇ 10 13 .
- the water bath autoclave was taken out, the remaining monomer was released into the air, and the particle size of the obtained emulsified dispersion was measured by UPA to find that it was 60.8 nm.
- the concentration of the emulsified dispersion was measured by evaporating a part of the emulsified dispersion to dryness, and found to be 0.71%.
- the number (number of particles) of the emulsified dispersion per lg of water was calculated from the particle diameter and the concentration of the emulsified dispersion to be 3.4 ⁇ 10 13 .
- the water bath power autoclave was taken out, the remaining monomer was released into the air, and a part of the emulsified dispersion was evaporated to dryness to measure the concentration of the emulsified dispersion. 15%.
- the autoclave was taken out of the water bath, the remaining monomer was released into the air, and a part of the emulsified dispersion was evaporated to dryness to measure the concentration of the emulsified dispersion. 19%.
- Example 3 Since the particle size of the emulsified dispersion obtained in Example 3 was too strong to be measured by UPA, 5 g of the emulsified dispersion was diluted with 45 g of ion-exchanged water, and the surfactant concentration was the same as in Example 1. 1 OO ppm, 0.05 g of ammonium persulfate was added, and the same polymerization operation as in Example 1 was performed for 1 hour as seed polymerization. As a result, the concentration of the newly obtained emulsified dispersion was 1.28. %, And the particle size was 31.3 nm. From this, the particle number was calculated to be 4.5 ⁇ 10 ”. The particle number of the emulsified dispersion before dilution was calculated to be 4.5 ⁇ 10 15. Was.
- the emulsified dispersion lg was diluted with 29 g of ion-exchanged water, and the surfactant concentration was the same as in Example 1. 1 OOppm, 0.05 g of ammonium persulfate was added, and the same polymerization operation as in Example 1 was performed for 1 hour as seed polymerization. The concentration of the newly obtained emulsified dispersion was 1.3. %, And the particle size was 33 nm. From this, the particle number was calculated to be 3.9 ⁇ 10 ′′. The particle number of the emulsified dispersion before dilution was calculated to be 1.2 ⁇ 10 16 .
- IMPa is a mixture of hexafluoropropylene (HFP) with 65 mol% and 1,1-difluoroethylene (VdF) with 35 mol% power under vacuum.
- HFP hexafluoropropylene
- VdF 1,1-difluoroethylene
- the temperature inside the autoclave was raised to 80 ° C while stirring the system with an electromagnetic stirrer, and the system was left until the pressure became constant. Then, an aqueous solution obtained by dissolving 1. Olg of ammonium persulfate in 5.00 g of ion-exchanged water was injected with nitrogen gas to initiate a polymerization reaction. Thereafter, the pressure decreased with the polymerization reaction. The polymerization reaction was performed for 3.5 hours.
- the residual monomer was released into the atmosphere, and a part of the emulsified dispersion was evaporated to dryness to measure the concentration of the emulsified dispersion.
- the pressure drop is reduced by using a plunger pump to mix a gas mixture consisting of 22 mol% of hexafluoropropylene (HFP) and 78 mol% of 1,1-difluoroethylene (VdF). Supplemented by kacha. 266 g of a mixed gas containing 22 mol% of hexafluoropropylene (HFP) and 78 mol% of 1,1-difluoroethylene (VdF) was charged into the polymerization tank to complete the polymerization.
- HFP hexafluoropropylene
- VdF 1,1-difluoroethylene
- the particle size of the obtained emulsified dispersion was measured by UPA to be 123.5 nm.
- a part of the emulsified dispersion was evaporated to dryness.
- the concentration of the emulsified dispersion was measured to be 26.55%.
- ML (1 + 10), 100 ° C was 82.6.
- the molecular weight in terms of polystyrene was 21.4,000 in weight average molecular weight and 921,000 in number average molecular weight.
- a mixed gas having a hexafluoropropylene (HFP) power of S60 mol% and a 1,1-difluoroethylene (VdF) power of 0 mol% power is supplied under vacuum.
- HFP hexafluoropropylene
- VdF 1,1-difluoroethylene
- the autoclave was removed from the water bath, the remaining monomer was released into the air, and the particle size of the obtained emulsified dispersion was measured by UPA to find that it was 70.8 nm.
- the concentration of the emulsified dispersion was measured by evaporating a portion of the emulsified dispersion to dryness, and found to be 0.72%.
- the number of emulsified dispersions per lg of water (the number of particles) was calculated from the particle diameter and the concentration of the emulsified dispersion, it was 2.2 ⁇ 10 13 .
- ion exchange water 0.05 g of ammonium persulfate (APS), and 0.1 g of APFO (ammonium perfluorooctanoate) as a surfactant in a 1 L stainless steel autoclave.
- APS ammonium persulfate
- APFO ammonium perfluorooctanoate
- HFP hexafluoropropylene
- VdF 1,1-difluoroethylene
- the autoclave was taken out of the water bath, the remaining monomer was released into the air, and the particle size of the obtained emulsified dispersion was measured by UPA to find that it was 71. Inm.
- the concentration of the emulsified dispersion was measured by evaporating a part of the emulsified dispersion to dryness, and found to be 0.7%. From the particle size and the concentration of the emulsified dispersion, emulsification per lg of water The number of dispersions (number of particles) was calculated to be 2.1 ⁇ 10 13 .
- ion exchange water 0.05 g of ammonium persulfate (APS), and 0.1 g of APFO (ammonium perfluorooctanoate) as a surfactant in a 1 L stainless steel autoclave.
- APS ammonium persulfate
- APFO ammonium perfluorooctanoate
- HFP hexafluoropropylene
- VdF 1,1-difluoroethylene
- the water bath autoclave was taken out, the remaining monomer was released into the air, and the particle size of the obtained emulsified dispersion was measured by UPA to find that it was 67.4 nm.
- the concentration of the emulsified dispersion was measured to be 0.82% by evaporating part of the emulsified dispersion to dryness. From the particle diameter and the concentration of the emulsified dispersion, the number of emulsified dispersions per lg of water (the number of particles) was calculated to be 2.9 ⁇ 10 13 .
- a stainless steel autoclave with an inner volume of 0.1 L, 50 g of ion-exchanged water, 0.05 g of ammonium persulfate (APS), and APFO (ammonium perfluorooctanoate) as a surfactant 2.
- APS ammonium persulfate
- APFO ammonium perfluorooctanoate
- a mixed gas containing 60 mol% of hexafluoropropylene (HFP) and 1,1-difluoroethylene (VdF) power of 0 mol 1% power is supplied in a vacuum state.
- HFP hexafluoropropylene
- VdF 1,1-difluoroethylene
- the autoclave was immersed in a water bath having a horizontally moving stirrer whose temperature was previously adjusted to 80 ° C, and the polymerization reaction was started. The pressure in the autoclave became constant after 3 minutes, and then decreased with the polymerization reaction
- the water bath autoclave was taken out, the remaining monomers were released into the air, and a part of the emulsified dispersion was evaporated to dryness to measure the concentration of the emulsified dispersion. 57%.
- Comparative Example 5 Since the particle size of the emulsified dispersion obtained in Comparative Example 4 was too strong to be measured by UPA, 5 g of the emulsified dispersion was diluted with 45 g of ion-exchanged water, and the surfactant concentration was the same as in Comparative Example 3. As a surfactant concentration, 0.05 g of ammonium persulfate was added, and the same polymerization operation as in Comparative Example 3 was performed for 0.5 hours as seed polymerization. Was 8.32% and the particle size was 33.9 nm, which means that the force particle count was calculated to be 2.5 ⁇ 10 15 . The particle number of the emulsified dispersion before dilution was calculated to be 2.5 ⁇ 10 16 .
- the concentration of the emulsified dispersion was measured to be 27%.
- ML (1 + 10), 100 ° C. was 82.6.
- the molecular weight in terms of polystyrene was 205,000, the weight average molecular weight, and 98,000 the number average molecular weight.
- the number (number of particles) of the emulsified dispersion per lg of water was calculated from the particle diameter and the concentration of the emulsified dispersion to be 2 ⁇ 10 14 .
- the number of particles of the milk dispersion of Comparative Example 6 was calculated to be 1.1 ⁇ 10 16 .
- 0.1 g of ion exchange water, 0.05 g of ammonium persulfate (APS), and 0.05 g of sodium n-octanesulfonate as a surfactant were charged to a stainless steel autoclave with an inner volume of 0.1 L. After replacing with nitrogen and vacuum, a mixed gas consisting of 22 mol% of hexafluoropropylene (HFP) and 78 mol% of 1,1-difluoroethylene (VdF) was charged to 2.4 MPa under vacuum. It is.
- This autoclave was immersed in a water bath having a horizontal motion type stirrer that had been previously adjusted to 80 ° C. to start the polymerization reaction. The pressure in the autoclave became constant after 3 minutes, and then decreased with the polymerization reaction. The polymerization reaction was performed for one hour.
- the water bath autoclave was taken out, the remaining monomer was released into the air, and the particle size of the obtained emulsified dispersion was measured by UPA to be 105.9 nm.
- the concentration of the emulsified dispersion was measured to be 3.11% by evaporating a part of the emulsified dispersion to dryness. From the particle diameter and the concentration of the emulsified dispersion, the number of emulsified dispersions per lg of water (the number of particles) was calculated to be 2.9 ⁇ 10 13 .
- a mixed gas containing 22 mol% of hexafluoropropylene (HFP) and 78 mol% of 1,1-difluoroethylene (VdF) at a vacuum of 2.4 MPa was charged to become.
- This autoclave was immersed in a water bath having a horizontally moving stirrer that had been previously adjusted to 80 ° C., and the polymerization reaction was started. The pressure in the autoclave became constant after 3 minutes and then decreased with the polymerization reaction. The polymerization reaction was performed for one hour.
- the water bath autoclave was taken out, the remaining monomer was released into the air, and the particle size of the obtained emulsified dispersion was measured by UPA to be 105.9 nm.
- the concentration of the emulsified dispersion was measured to be 3.11% by evaporating a part of the emulsified dispersion to dryness. From the particle diameter and the concentration of the emulsified dispersion, the number of emulsified dispersions per lg of water (the number of particles) was calculated to be 2.9 ⁇ 10 13 .
- 0.1 g of a 1 L stainless steel autoclave was charged with 50 g of ion-exchanged water, 0.05 g of ammonium persulfate (APS), and 0.05 g of sodium lauryl sulfate as a surfactant. After that, a mixed gas consisting of 65 mol% of hexafluoropropylene (HFP) and 35 mol% of 1,1-difluoroethylene (VdF) was charged to 1 MPa under vacuum. . The autoclave was immersed in a water bath having a horizontal stirrer preliminarily controlled at 80 ° C. to start a polymerization reaction. The pressure in the autoclave became constant after 3 minutes, and then decreased with the polymerization reaction. The polymerization reaction was performed for 1.8 hours.
- HFP hexafluoropropylene
- VdF 1,1-difluoroethylene
- the autoclave was taken out of the water bath, the remaining monomer was released into the air, and the particle size of the obtained emulsified dispersion was measured by UPA to find that it was 70.5 nm.
- the concentration of the emulsified dispersion was measured to be 0.89% by evaporating a part of the emulsified dispersion to dryness.
- the number of emulsified dispersions per lg of water (number of particles) was calculated from the particle diameter and the concentration of the emulsified dispersion to be 2.7 ⁇ 10 13 .
- 0.1 g of a 1 L stainless steel autoclave was charged with 50 g of ion-exchanged water, 0.05 g of ammonium persulfate (APS), and 0.05 g of sodium n-decane sulfate as a surfactant. After sufficiently replacing with nitrogen and vacuum, hexanefluoropropylene (vacuum)
- a mixed gas containing 65 mol% of HFP) and 35 mol% of 1,1-difluoroethylene (VdF) was charged to IMPa.
- the autoclave was immersed in a water bath having a horizontal stirrer preliminarily controlled at 80 ° C. to start a polymerization reaction.
- the pressure in the autoclave became constant after 3 minutes, and then decreased with the polymerization reaction.
- the polymerization reaction was performed for 1.5 hours.
- the water bath autoclave was taken out, the remaining monomers were released into the air, and the particle size of the obtained emulsified dispersion was measured by UPA to find that it was 84.5 nm.
- the concentration of the emulsified dispersion was determined to be 1.0% by evaporating a part of the emulsified dispersion to dryness.
- the number (number of particles) of emulsified dispersion per lg of water was calculated from the particle diameter and the concentration of the emulsified dispersion to be 1.8 ⁇ 10 13 .
- the water bath autoclave was taken out, the remaining monomers were released into the air, and the particle size of the obtained emulsified dispersion was measured by UPA to be 134.8 nm.
- the concentration of the emulsified dispersion was 2.5% by evaporating a portion of the emulsified dispersion to dryness. From the particle diameter and the concentration of the emulsified dispersion, the number of emulsified dispersions per lg of water (the number of particles) was calculated to be 1.1 ⁇ 10 13 .
- the autoclave was taken out of the water bath, the remaining monomer was released into the air, and the particle size of the obtained emulsified dispersion was measured by UPA to be 60 nm.
- the concentration of the emulsified dispersion was measured by evaporating a portion of the emulsified dispersion to dryness, and found to be 0.5%. From the particle diameter and the concentration of the emulsified dispersion, the number of emulsified dispersions per lg of water (number of particles) was calculated to be 2.5 ⁇ 10 13 .
- FIG. 1 shows the relationship between the surfactant concentration and the number of emulsified dispersions (particle number) per gram of water in Examples 118 and Comparative Examples 113.
- the hollow circles in Fig. 1 show the relationship between the surfactant concentration and the number of particles in the emulsion polymers of Examples 14 and 7 in which seed polymerization was not performed, and the hollow squares show that seed polymerization was not performed.
- the relationship between the surfactant concentration of the emulsion polymers of Examples 5, 6, and 8 and the number of particles is shown.
- the black circles in Fig. 1 show the relationship between the surfactant concentration and the number of particles in the emulsion polymers of Comparative Examples 14 to 14, 6 and 8 to 13 without seed polymerization, and the black squares.
- Example 1 the number of particles was 1. OX 10 14 or more, whereas in Examples 5 and 6 in which the concentration of the surfactant was Normal polymerization In Example 1, the number of particles was 2 ⁇ 10 13 , and it can be seen that the number of particles was significantly increased by performing the seed polymerization even when the surfactant concentration was the same.
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US7566762B2 (en) | 2009-07-28 |
JP4100431B2 (ja) | 2008-06-11 |
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JPWO2005063827A1 (ja) | 2007-07-19 |
US20070149733A1 (en) | 2007-06-28 |
EP1726599A4 (en) | 2009-12-23 |
EP1726599B1 (en) | 2013-07-24 |
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