WO2022025188A1 - 含フッ素エラストマー水性分散液の製造方法、含フッ素エラストマーおよび水性分散液 - Google Patents
含フッ素エラストマー水性分散液の製造方法、含フッ素エラストマーおよび水性分散液 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2022025188A1 WO2022025188A1 PCT/JP2021/028117 JP2021028117W WO2022025188A1 WO 2022025188 A1 WO2022025188 A1 WO 2022025188A1 JP 2021028117 W JP2021028117 W JP 2021028117W WO 2022025188 A1 WO2022025188 A1 WO 2022025188A1
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- KFCRUIQGBUFDBL-YWEYNIOJSA-N CC(C)(NN)/[N+](/[O-])=C/C Chemical compound CC(C)(NN)/[N+](/[O-])=C/C KFCRUIQGBUFDBL-YWEYNIOJSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K3/00—Use of inorganic substances as compounding ingredients
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
- C08F291/00—Macromolecular compounds obtained by polymerising monomers on to macromolecular compounds according to more than one of the groups C08F251/00 - C08F289/00
- C08F291/06—Macromolecular compounds obtained by polymerising monomers on to macromolecular compounds according to more than one of the groups C08F251/00 - C08F289/00 on to oxygen-containing macromolecules
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
- C08F14/00—Homopolymers and copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by a halogen
- C08F14/18—Monomers containing fluorine
- C08F14/22—Vinylidene fluoride
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
- C08F2/00—Processes of polymerisation
- C08F2/12—Polymerisation in non-solvents
- C08F2/16—Aqueous medium
- C08F2/18—Suspension polymerisation
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
- C08F214/00—Copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by a halogen
- C08F214/18—Monomers containing fluorine
- C08F214/22—Vinylidene fluoride
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K5/00—Use of organic ingredients
- C08K5/0008—Organic ingredients according to more than one of the "one dot" groups of C08K5/01 - C08K5/59
- C08K5/0025—Crosslinking or vulcanising agents; including accelerators
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K5/00—Use of organic ingredients
- C08K5/02—Halogenated hydrocarbons
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
- C08L2201/00—Properties
- C08L2201/54—Aqueous solutions or dispersions
Definitions
- the present disclosure relates to a method for producing a fluorinated elastomer aqueous dispersion, a fluorinated elastomer and an aqueous dispersion.
- Patent Document 1 describes a method for producing a fluorine-containing elastomer, which comprises adding a water-soluble radical polymerization initiator to carry out emulsion polymerization of a fluorine-containing monomer, wherein the emulsion polymerization is a functional group capable of reacting with radical polymerization.
- a compound having a hydrophilic group (1) and a fluorocarbon compound having a fluorocarbon group and a hydrophilic group (2) in which carbon atoms directly bonded to the fluorine atom are continuously bonded in the range of 1 to 6. ) Is described, and a method for producing a fluorine-containing elastomer is described.
- the present disclosure provides a method for producing a fluorinated elastomer aqueous dispersion capable of generating a sufficient number of fluorinated elastomer particles at a sufficient polymerization rate while suppressing adhesion of the fluorinated elastomer to the polymerization tank.
- a fluorine-containing elastomer aqueous dispersion is produced by polymerizing a fluorine-containing monomer in the presence of a compound (1) having a triple bond and a hydrophilic group and an aqueous medium.
- a method for producing a dispersion is provided.
- the compound (1) is preferably the compound (1) represented by the general formula (1).
- M is H, a metal atom, NR 34 , an imidazolium which may have a substituent, a pyridinium which may have a substituent, Alternatively, it may be a phosphonium which may have a substituent;
- R 3 is the same or different at each appearance, H, or an organic group;
- R 2 is H, a metal atom, NR 34 , substituted.
- It is an imidazolium which may have a group, a pyridinium which may have a substituent, a phosphonium which may have a substituent, or an alkynyl group;
- R 1 is a single bond or a halogen. It is a divalent hydrocarbon group which may have an atom;
- X 1 is an H, A 1 or a hydrocarbon group which may have a halogen atom, an ether bond, an ester bond or an amide bond. be.
- a 1 in the general formula (1) is ⁇ COMM (M is as described above).
- the compound (1) is preferably a fluorine-free compound.
- the amount of compound (1) is preferably 3 to 5000 mass ppm with respect to the aqueous medium. It is preferable to start the polymerization of the fluorine-containing monomer by adding the polymerization initiator after adding the compound (1).
- the fluorine-containing monomer is preferably vinylidene fluoride or tetrafluoroethylene.
- the fluorine-containing monomer is preferably vinylidene fluoride.
- the fluorine-containing monomer in the presence of a chain transfer agent. It is preferable to polymerize the fluorine-containing monomer at 10 to 120 ° C. It is preferable to polymerize the fluorine-containing monomer at 0.5 to 10 MPaG. It is preferable that the fluorine-containing elastomer contains -CH 2- in the main chain.
- the Mooney viscosity (ML1 + 10 (100 ° C.)) of the fluorine-containing elastomer is preferably 10 to 130.
- the average particle size of the fluorine-containing elastomer is preferably 500 nm or less.
- a fluorine-containing elastomer containing a monomer unit based on a compound having a triple bond and an anionic hydrophilic group is provided.
- an aqueous dispersion containing the above-mentioned fluorine-containing elastomer and an aqueous medium is provided.
- a method for producing a fluorinated elastomer aqueous dispersion capable of generating a sufficient number of fluorinated elastomer particles at a sufficient polymerization rate while suppressing adhesion of the fluorinated elastomer to the polymerization tank. can do.
- the fluorine-containing elastomer is an amorphous fluoropolymer.
- “Amorphous” means a melting peak ( ⁇ H) that appears in differential scanning calorimetry [DSC] (heating rate 10 ° C / min) or differential thermal analysis [DTA] (heating rate 10 ° C / min) of a fluoropolymer. ) Is 4.5 J / g or less.
- Fluorine-containing elastomers exhibit elastomeric properties by cross-linking. Elastomer properties mean properties that can stretch a polymer and retain its original length when the forces required to stretch the polymer are no longer applied.
- the perfluoromonomer is a monomer that does not contain a carbon atom-hydrogen atom bond in the molecule.
- the perfluoro monomer may be a monomer in which some of the fluorine atoms bonded to the carbon atom are replaced with chlorine atoms, and the carbon atom and nitrogen may be used. It may have an atom, an oxygen atom, a sulfur atom, a phosphorus atom, a boron atom or a silicon atom.
- the perfluoromonomer is preferably a monomer in which all hydrogen atoms are substituted with fluorine atoms.
- the perfluoromonomer does not contain a monomer that imparts a crosslinkable group.
- the monomer that gives a cross-linking site is a monomer (cure site monomer) that gives a cross-linking site to a fluoropolymer for forming a cross-linking with a cross-linking agent.
- the monomer giving a cross-linking site includes a monomer giving a cross-linking group.
- each monomer unit constituting the fluorine-containing elastomer can be calculated by appropriately combining NMR, FT-IR, elemental analysis, and fluorescent X-ray analysis depending on the type of monomer.
- organic group means a group containing one or more carbon atoms or a group formed by removing one hydrogen atom from an organic compound.
- An example of the "organic group” is Alkyl groups, which may have one or more substituents, An alkenyl group which may have one or more substituents, An alkynyl group, which may have one or more substituents, A cycloalkyl group which may have one or more substituents, Cycloalkenyl groups, which may have one or more substituents, A cycloalkazienyl group which may have one or more substituents, Aryl groups, which may have one or more substituents, An aralkyl group which may have one or more substituents, A non-aromatic heterocyclic group which may have one or more substituents, Heteroaryl groups, which may have one or more substituents, Cyano group, Holmil group, RaO-, RaCO-, RaSO 2- , RaCOO-, RaNRa
- substituted group means a substitutable group.
- substituted group include an aliphatic group, an aromatic group, a heterocyclic group, an acyl group, an acyloxy group, an acylamino group, an aliphatic oxy group, an aromatic oxy group, a heterocyclic oxy group, and an aliphatic oxycarbonyl group.
- the aliphatic group may be saturated or unsaturated, and may be a hydroxy group, an aliphatic oxy group, a carbamoyl group, an aliphatic oxycarbonyl group, an aliphatic thio group, an amino group or an aliphatic amino group. , Acylamino group, carbamoylamino group and the like.
- the aliphatic group include an alkyl group having a total carbon atom number of 1 to 8, preferably 1 to 4, such as a methyl group, an ethyl group, a vinyl group, a cyclohexyl group and a carbamoylmethyl group.
- the aromatic group includes, for example, a nitro group, a halogen atom, an aliphatic oxy group, a carbamoyl group, an aliphatic oxycarbonyl group, an aliphatic thio group, an amino group, an aliphatic amino group, an acylamino group, a carbamoylamino group and the like. You may be doing it.
- the aromatic group includes an aryl group having 6 to 12 carbon atoms, preferably 6 to 10 total carbon atoms, for example, a phenyl group, a 4-nitrophenyl group, a 4-acetylaminophenyl group, and a 4-methanesulfonylphenyl group. And so on.
- the heterocyclic group has a halogen atom, a hydroxy group, an aliphatic oxy group, a carbamoyl group, an aliphatic oxycarbonyl group, an aliphatic thio group, an amino group, an aliphatic amino group, an acylamino group, a carbamoylamino group and the like. You may.
- Examples of the heterocyclic group include a 5- to 6-membered heterocycle having a total carbon atom number of 2 to 12, preferably 2 to 10, such as a 2-tetrahydrofuryl group and a 2-pyrimidyl group.
- the acyl group includes an aliphatic carbonyl group, an arylcarbonyl group, a heterocyclic carbonyl group, a hydroxy group, a halogen atom, an aromatic group, an aliphatic oxy group, a carbamoyl group, an aliphatic oxycarbonyl group, an aliphatic thio group and an amino group. , It may have an aliphatic amino group, an acylamino group, a carbamoylamino group and the like.
- acyl group examples include an acyl group having a total carbon atom number of 2 to 8, preferably 2 to 4, such as an acetyl group, a propanoyl group, a benzoyl group, and a 3-pyridinecarbonyl group.
- the acylamino group may have an aliphatic group, an aromatic group, a heterocyclic group and the like, and has, for example, an acetylamino group, a benzoylamino group, a 2-pyridinecarbonylamino group, a propanoylamino group and the like. May be.
- the acylamino group include an acylamino group having a total carbon atom number of 2 to 12, preferably 2 to 8, and an alkylcarbonylamino group having a total carbon atom number of 2 to 8, such as an acetylamino group, a benzoylamino group, and a 2-pyridinecarbonylamino.
- Groups, propanoylamino groups and the like can be mentioned.
- the aliphatic oxycarbonyl group may be saturated or unsaturated, and may be a hydroxy group, an aliphatic oxy group, a carbamoyl group, an aliphatic oxycarbonyl group, an aliphatic thio group, an amino group or an aliphatic group. It may have an amino group, an acylamino group, a carbamoylamino group and the like.
- Examples of the aliphatic oxycarbonyl group include an alkoxycarbonyl group having a total carbon atom number of 2 to 8, preferably 2 to 4, such as a methoxycarbonyl group, an ethoxycarbonyl group, and a (t) -butoxycarbonyl group.
- the carbamoyl group may have an aliphatic group, an aromatic group, a heterocyclic group and the like.
- Examples of the carbamoyl group include an unsubstituted carbamoyl group, an alkylcarbamoyl group having a total carbon number of 2 to 9, preferably an unsubstituted carbamoyl group, and an alkylcarbamoyl group having a total carbon atom number of 2 to 5, for example, an N-methylcarbamoyl group. Examples thereof include N, N-dimethylcarbamoyl group and N-phenylcarbamoyl group.
- the aliphatic sulfonyl group may be saturated or unsaturated, and may be a hydroxy group, an aromatic group, an aliphatic oxy group, a carbamoyl group, an aliphatic oxycarbonyl group, an aliphatic thio group, or an amino group. , It may have an aliphatic amino group, an acylamino group, a carbamoylamino group and the like.
- Examples of the aliphatic sulfonyl group include an alkylsulfonyl group having a total carbon atom number of 1 to 6, preferably a total carbon atom number of 1 to 4, such as a methanesulfonyl group.
- the aromatic sulfonyl group includes a hydroxy group, an aliphatic group, an aliphatic oxy group, a carbamoyl group, an aliphatic oxycarbonyl group, an aliphatic thio group, an amino group, an aliphatic amino group, an acylamino group, a carbamoylamino group and the like. You may be doing it.
- the aromatic sulfonyl group include arylsulfonyl groups having a total carbon atom number of 6 to 10, such as benzenesulfonyl groups.
- the amino group may have an aliphatic group, an aromatic group, a heterocyclic group and the like.
- the acylamino group may have, for example, an acetylamino group, a benzoylamino group, a 2-pyridinecarbonylamino group, a propanoylamino group, or the like.
- the acylamino group includes an acylamino group having a total carbon atom number of 2 to 12, preferably an acylamino group having a total carbon atom number of 2 to 8, and more preferably an alkylcarbonylamino group having a total carbon atom number of 2 to 8, such as an acetylamino group and a benzoylamino. Examples include a group, a 2-pyridinecarbonylamino group, a propanoylamino group and the like.
- the aliphatic sulfonamide group, aromatic sulfonamide group, and heterocyclic sulfonamide group may be, for example, a methanesulfonamide group, a benzenesulfonamide group, a 2-pyridinesulfonamide group, or the like.
- the sulfamoyl group may have an aliphatic group, an aromatic group, a heterocyclic group and the like.
- the sulfamoyl group includes a sulfamoyl group, an alkyl sulfamoyl group having a total carbon atom number of 1 to 9, a dialkyl sulfamoyl group having a total carbon atom number of 2 to 10, and an aryl sulfamoyl group having a total carbon atom number of 7 to 13.
- Heterocyclic sulfamoyl group with total carbon atoms 2-12 more preferably sulfamoyl group, alkyl sulfamoyl group with total carbon atoms 1-7, dialkyl sulfamoyl group with total carbon atoms 3-6, total carbon
- Examples include a group, a 4-pyridinesulfamoyl group and the like.
- the aliphatic oxy group may be saturated or unsaturated, and may have a methoxy group, an ethoxy group, an i-propyloxy group, a cyclohexyloxy group, a methoxyethoxy group, or the like.
- Examples of the aliphatic oxy group include an alkoxy group having a total carbon atom number of 1 to 8, preferably 1 to 6, such as a methoxy group, an ethoxy group, an i-propyloxy group, a cyclohexyloxy group, and a methoxyethoxy group.
- the aromatic amino group and the heterocyclic amino group are an aliphatic group, an aliphatic oxy group, a halogen atom, a carbamoyl group, a heterocyclic group condensed with the aryl group, an aliphatic oxycarbonyl group, and preferably the total number of carbon atoms.
- the aliphatic thio group may be saturated or unsaturated, and an alkylthio group having a total carbon atom number of 1 to 8, more preferably a total carbon atom number of 1 to 6, for example, a methylthio group or an ethylthio group. , Carbamoylmethylthio group, t-butylthio group and the like.
- the carbamoylamino group may have an aliphatic group, an aryl group, a heterocyclic group and the like.
- Examples of the carbamoylamino group include a carbamoylamino group, an alkylcarbamoylamino group having a total carbon atom number of 2 to 9, a dialkylcarbamoylamino group having a total carbon atom number of 3 to 10, and an arylcarbamoylamino group having a total carbon atom number of 7 to 13.
- Heterocyclic carbamoylamino group having 3 to 12 total carbon atoms preferably carbamoylamino group, alkylcarbamoylamino group having 2 to 7 total carbon atoms, dialkylcarbamoylamino group having 3 to 6 total carbon atoms, total number of carbon atoms.
- arylcarbamoylamino groups heterocyclic carbamoylamino groups with 3-10 total carbon atoms, such as carbamoylamino groups, methylcarbamoylamino groups, N, N-dimethylcarbamoylamino groups, phenylcarbamoylamino groups, 4- Examples thereof include a pyridinecarbamoylamino group.
- the range represented by the endpoints includes all numerical values included in the range (for example, 1 to 10 include 1.4, 1.9, 2.33, 5.75, 9). .98 etc. are included).
- the description of "at least 1" includes all numbers greater than or equal to 1 (eg, at least 2, at least 4, at least 6, at least 8, at least 10, at least 25, at least 50, at least 100, etc.). ..
- a fluorine-containing monomer is polymerized in the presence of a compound (1) having a triple bond and a hydrophilic group and an aqueous medium.
- a fluorine-containing compound having a fluorocarbon group such as F (CF 2 ) 5 COONH 4 and a hydrophilic group is used as a conventional method for producing a fluorine-containing elastomer aqueous dispersion.
- a fluorine-containing compound having a fluorocarbon group such as F (CF 2 ) 5 COONH 4 and a hydrophilic group is used as a conventional method for producing a fluorine-containing elastomer aqueous dispersion.
- a fluorine-containing compound having a fluorocarbon group such as F (CF 2 ) 5 COONH 4 and a hydrophilic group
- the production method of the present disclosure is a method for producing a fluorine-containing elastomer aqueous dispersion using the compound (1) having a triple bond and a hydrophilic group, it is sufficient while suppressing the adhesion of the fluorine-containing elastomer to the polymerization tank. A sufficient number of fluorine-containing elastomer particles can be generated at the polymerization rate.
- Compound (1) is a compound having one or more triple bonds and one or more hydrophilic groups in the molecule.
- the triple bond is preferably a carbon-carbon triple bond.
- the number of triple bonds in compound (1) is preferably 1 to 3, more preferably 1 to 2, and even more preferably 1.
- the hydrophilic group is a group showing affinity for an aqueous medium.
- the hydrophilic group include an anionic hydrophilic group, a cationic hydrophilic group, and a nonionic hydrophilic group.
- the compound (1) may have, for example, only an anionic hydrophilic group or may have only a nonionic hydrophilic group.
- the compound (1) having a triple bond and an anionic hydrophilic group is preferable.
- hydrophilic group for example, an anionic hydrophilic group is preferable because a larger number of fluorine-containing elastomer particles can be generated at a higher polymerization rate while further suppressing the adhesion of the fluorine-containing elastomer to the polymerization tank.
- -COMM, -SO 3 M, -OSO 3 M, -B (OM) (OR 2 ), -OB (OM) (OR 2 ), -PO (OM) (OR 2 ), or -OPO (OM) (OR 2 ) is more preferable, and —COM is even more preferable.
- M is H, a metal atom, NR 34 , an imidazolium which may have a substituent, a pyridinium which may have a substituent, or a phosphonium which may have a substituent.
- R 3 is the same or different in each appearance, H, or an organic group.
- R 2 is H, a metal atom, NR 34 , an imidazolium which may have a substituent, a pyridinium which may have a substituent, a phosphonium which may have a substituent, or an alkynyl. It is a group.
- H a metal atom or NR 34 is preferable, H, an alkali metal (Group 1 ), an alkaline earth metal (Group 2 ) or NR 34 is more preferable, and H, Na, K, Li or NH 4 Is more preferable, and H, Na, K or NH 4 is particularly preferable.
- the number of hydrophilic groups in compound (1) is preferably 1 to 3, more preferably 1 or 2, and even more preferably 1.
- the carbon number of the compound (1) is preferably 2 to 25 because a larger number of fluorine-containing elastomer particles can be generated at a higher polymerization rate while further suppressing the adhesion of the fluorine-containing elastomer to the polymerization tank. 2 to 10 is more preferable, 2 to 6 is more preferable, and 2 to 4 is particularly preferable. In the present disclosure, the number of carbon atoms of the compound (1) does not include the number of carboxylic acid groups and the number of carbon atoms of the carboxylic acid base that can be contained in the compound (1).
- a compound containing no fluorine is preferable.
- one kind or two or more kinds of compounds (1) may be used.
- the compound (1) only a compound having an anionic hydrophilic group may be used, only a compound having a nonionic hydrophilic group may be used, or a compound containing an anionic hydrophilic group may be used. , May be used in combination with a compound containing a nonionic hydrophilic group.
- the compound (1) is preferably the compound (1) represented by the general formula (1).
- M is H, a metal atom, NR 34 , an imidazolium which may have a substituent, a pyridinium which may have a substituent, Alternatively, it may be a phosphonium which may have a substituent;
- R 3 is the same or different at each appearance, H, or an organic group;
- R 2 is H, a metal atom, NR 34 , substituted.
- It is an imidazolium which may have a group, a pyridinium which may have a substituent, a phosphonium which may have a substituent, or an alkynyl group;
- R 1 is a single bond or a halogen. It is a divalent hydrocarbon group which may have an atom;
- X 1 is an H, A 1 or a hydrocarbon group which may have a halogen atom, an ether bond, an ester bond or an amide bond. be.
- a 1 is -COMM, -SO 3 M, -OSO 3 M, -B (OM) (OR 2 ), -OB (OM) (OR 2 ), -PO (OM) ( OR 2 ) or -OPO (OM) (OR 2 ).
- M is H, a metal atom, NR 34 , imidazolium which may have a substituent, pyridinium which may have a substituent, or phosphonium which may have a substituent.
- R 3 is an H, or an organic group, which is the same or different at each appearance
- R 2 is an H, a metal atom, NR 34 , an imidazolium which may have a substituent , a substituent. It is a pyridinium which may have a group, a phosphonium which may have a substituent, or an alkynyl group.
- -COOM is preferable because it is possible to generate a larger number of fluorine-containing elastomer particles at a higher polymerization rate while further suppressing the adhesion of the fluorine-containing elastomer to the polymerization tank.
- H a metal atom or NR 34 can be generated because a larger number of fluorine-containing elastomer particles can be generated at a higher polymerization rate while further suppressing the adhesion of the fluorine - containing elastomer to the polymerization tank.
- alkali metals (Group 1), alkaline earth metals (Group 2 ) or NR 34 are more preferred, H, Na, K, Li or NH 4 are even more preferred, H, Na, K or NH 4 . Is particularly preferable.
- alkynyl group of R2 an alkynyl group containing no fluorine atom is preferable.
- an ethynyl group which may be substituted with an alkyl group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms is preferable, and an unsubstituted ethynyl group is more preferable.
- H a metal atom or NR 34 is preferable, and H, an alkali metal (Group 1 ), an alkaline earth metal (Group 2 ) or NR 34 is more preferable, and H, Na, K, Li or NH. 4 is more preferred, H, Na, K or NH 4 is particularly preferred, and H is most preferred.
- R 2 is an ethynyl group.
- R 1 is a divalent hydrocarbon group which may have a single bond or a halogen atom.
- Examples of the divalent hydrocarbon group of R1 in the general formula (1) include a linear or branched alkanediyl group, a linear or branched alkenyl group, a linear or branched chain. Examples thereof include an alkaziendiyl group and a cycloalkanediyl group.
- halogen atom that R 1 can contain, F, Cl, Br, or I is preferable, and Cl, Br, or I is more preferable.
- R 1 has a single bond or a halogen atom because it can generate a larger number of fluorine-containing elastomer particles at a higher polymerization rate while further suppressing the adhesion of the fluorine-containing elastomer to the polymerization tank.
- a linear or branched alkanediyl group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms may be preferable, a single bond, a methylene group or an ethylene group is more preferable, a single bond or a methylene group is further preferable, and a single bond is particularly preferable. ..
- the carbon number of R 1 is preferably 0 to 20, more preferably 0 to 10, further preferably 0 to 5, and particularly preferably 0 to 3.
- X 1 is an H, A 1 , or a hydrocarbon group which may have a halogen atom, an ether bond, an ester bond or an amide bond.
- a 1 is as described above.
- the hydrocarbon group of X 1 includes, for example, an alkyl group which may have an aromatic group or a cycloalkyl group, an alkenyl group which may have an aromatic group or a cycloalkyl group, and an aromatic group. Examples thereof include a cycloalkyl group which may be used, an aromatic group which may have an alkyl group, and the like.
- the alkyl group of X 1 and the alkenyl group of X 1 are linear or branched.
- the aromatic group which may have a cycloalkyl group of X1 and an alkyl group of X1 is monocyclic or polycyclic.
- halogen atom that X 1 can contain, F, Cl, Br, or I is preferable, and Cl, Br, or I is more preferable.
- the hydrocarbon group of X 1 preferably has 1 to 20 carbon atoms, more preferably 1 to 10 carbon atoms, further preferably 1 to 5 carbon atoms, and particularly preferably 1 to 3 carbon atoms.
- X 1 since it is possible to generate a larger number of fluorine-containing elastomer particles at a higher polymerization rate while further suppressing the adhesion of the fluorine-containing elastomer to the polymerization tank, even if it has H and halogen atoms.
- a good alkyl group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms or A 1 is preferable, H or A 1 is more preferable, H, -SO 3 M, or -COOM is more preferable, and H or -COOM is particularly preferable.
- X 1 is A 1 , that is, X 1 is -COMM, -SO 3 M, -OSO 3 M, -B (OM) 2 , -OB (OM) 2 , -PO (OM) 2 , or , -OPO (OM) 2 , as M, H, a metal atom or NR 34 is preferable, and H, an alkali metal (Group 1 ), an alkaline earth metal (Group 2 ) or NR 34 is more preferable. , H, Na, K, Li or NH 4 is more preferred, H, Na, K or NH 4 is particularly preferred, and H is most preferred.
- Examples of the compound (1) include the compound (1-1) represented by the general formula (1-1).
- compound (1-1) contains two A 1s and A 1 contains one M
- compound (1-1) contains two Ms.
- the compound (1-1) includes a compound represented by the following general formula.
- the compound (1-1) has a general formula: MOOC-R 1 -C ⁇ C-COMM (In the equation, R1 and M are as described above and may be the same or different at each appearance.)
- the compound represented by is preferable.
- Examples of the compound (1) include the compound (1-2) represented by the general formula (1-2).
- R 4 is H or a hydrocarbon group which may have a halogen atom, an ether bond, an ester bond or an amide bond.
- the hydrocarbon group of R 4 includes, for example, an alkyl group which may have an aromatic group or a cycloalkyl group, an alkenyl group which may have an aromatic group or a cycloalkyl group, and an aromatic group. Examples thereof include a cycloalkyl group which may be used, an aromatic group which may have an alkyl group, and the like.
- the alkyl group of R4 and the alkenyl group of R4 are linear or branched chain.
- the aromatic group which may have a cycloalkyl group of R4 and an alkyl group of R4 is monocyclic or polycyclic.
- halogen atom that can be contained in the hydrocarbon group of R4 , F, Cl, Br, or I is preferable, and Cl, Br, or I is more preferable.
- the hydrocarbon group of R4 has a preferably 1 to 20 carbon atoms, more preferably 1 to 10 carbon atoms, still more preferably 1 to 5 carbon atoms, and particularly preferably 1 to 3 carbon atoms.
- H or an alkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms can be generated. Is preferable, H or an alkyl group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms is more preferable, H or an alkyl group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms is further preferable, H or an alkyl group having 1 to 3 carbon atoms is particularly preferable, and H is most preferable.
- the compound (1-2) has a general formula: MOOC-R 1 -C ⁇ C-R 4 (In the formula, R1 , R4 and M are as described above and may be the same or different at each appearance.)
- the compound represented by is preferable.
- compound (1) for example, Acetylene sulfonic acid, Propiolic acid, Etinyl hydrogen sulphate, undec-10-hydrogen inyl sulphate, but-3-inyl hydrogen sulphate, rop-2-inyl hydrogen sulphate, pent-4-inyl hydrogen sulphate, 5-Methyl-1-hexyne-3-yl hydrogen sulfide, Ethynylboronic acid, Ethynyl dihydrogen phosphate, Disodium hydrogen phosphate, Acetylene sulfonic acid, Acetylenedicarboxylic acid, 1-propynyl sulfonic acid, 2-Phenyl-1-ethynylsulfonic acid, hex-1-in-1-sulfonic acid, hexadec-1-in-1-sulfonic acid, 3,3-Dimethyl-1-butyne sulfonic acid, 2-Cyclopropyl-1-ethoxy
- propiolic acid, acetylenedicarboxylic acid, and acetylenedicarboxylic acid can be used because a larger number of fluorine-containing elastomer particles can be generated at a higher polymerization rate while further suppressing the adhesion of the fluorine-containing elastomer to the polymerization tank.
- These salts eg ammonium salt, sodium salt, potassium salt
- ammonium salt, sodium salt, potassium salt are more preferred.
- compound (1) Since compound (1) has a functional group that can react by radical polymerization, when it is used in the above polymerization, it reacts with a fluorine-containing monomer at the initial stage of the polymerization reaction and has a hydrophilic group derived from compound (1) and is stable. It is presumed that particles with high properties are formed. Therefore, when the polymerization is carried out in the presence of the compound (1), it is considered that the number of particles of the fluorine-containing elastomer generated during the polymerization increases.
- the amount of the compound (1) when polymerizing the fluorine-containing monomer is preferably 3 to 5000 mass ppm, more preferably 5 mass ppm or more, and further preferably 10 mass ppm with respect to the aqueous medium. It is ppm or more, particularly preferably 20 mass ppm or more, most preferably 30 mass ppm or more, more preferably 1000 mass ppm or less, still more preferably 500 mass ppm or less, and particularly preferably. It is 300 mass ppm or less, and most preferably 200 mass ppm or less.
- the amount of compound (1) is the amount of compound (1) added to the polymerization system. Therefore, the amount of compound (1) may be different from the amount of compound (1) present in the polymerization system. For example, when compound (1) is incorporated into a fluorine-containing elastomer chain by copolymerizing with a fluorine-containing monomer, the amount of compound (1) is not incorporated into the fluorine-containing elastomer chain and is present in the polymerization system. (1) and the total amount of the compound (1) incorporated into the fluoroelastomer chain.
- the amount of the compound (1) is preferably 3 to 300 mass ppm with respect to the aqueous medium, preferably 3 to 150 mass ppm. More preferably, 5 to 100 mass ppm is further preferable, and 8 to 80 mass ppm is most preferable.
- a non-redox polymerization initiator is used as the polymerization initiator and polymerization is carried out at a temperature of more than 70 ° C. and 98 ° C.
- the amount of the compound (1) is preferably 3 to 500 mass ppm with respect to the aqueous medium, and 5 to 300 mass by mass. ppm is more preferred, 8 to 200 mass ppm is even more preferred, and 10 to 180 mass ppm is most preferred.
- the amount of the compound (1) is preferably 3 to 300 mass ppm with respect to the aqueous medium, and 3 to 100 mass ppm. Is more preferable, 5 to 80 mass ppm is further preferable, and 10 to 70 mass ppm is most preferable.
- the amount of the compound (1) is preferably 3 to 500 mass ppm with respect to the aqueous medium, more preferably 5 to 300 mass ppm. It is preferable, 10 to 200 mass ppm is more preferable, and 15 to 150 mass ppm is most preferable.
- the amount of the compound (1) is preferably 5 to 500 mass ppm, preferably 8 to 300 mass ppm with respect to the aqueous medium.
- the compound (1) and the aqueous medium are charged in a pressure-resistant polymerization tank equipped with a stirrer, and after deoxidation, the monomer is charged and a predetermined value is obtained. It can be carried out by setting the temperature to a temperature, adding a polymerization initiator, and initiating the reaction. Since the pressure decreases as the reaction progresses, additional monomers are continuously or intermittently additionally supplied so as to maintain the initial pressure, and the supply is stopped when a predetermined amount of monomers is supplied. , Purge the monomer in the reaction vessel and return the temperature to room temperature to terminate the reaction.
- the timing for adding the compound (1) is not particularly limited, and the compound (1) may be added at any time of the polymerization reaction, and the compound (1) and the polymerization initiator coexist. As such, compound (1) may be added.
- the solid content concentration of the polymer (fluorine-containing elastomer) produced by polymerization is preferably before reaching 1.0% by mass, more preferably before reaching 0.8% by mass, and further preferably 0. It is preferable that the compound (1) is present in the polymerization system before reaching 5.5% by mass, particularly preferably 0.1% by mass, and most preferably 0% by mass.
- the solid content concentration is the concentration of the polymer with respect to the total of the aqueous medium and the polymer (fluorine-containing elastomer).
- the most preferable time to add the compound (1) is that the polymerization reaction can be easily controlled, so that the solid content concentration of the polymer (fluorine-containing elastomer) produced by the polymerization reaches 0% by mass.
- the polymerization initiator is present in the polymerization system and the compound (1) is present before the polymerization reaction is started.
- the compound (1) is added to the polymerization system before the polymer is produced by the polymerization or when the amount of the polymer produced by the polymerization is small, the compound (1) is subsequently added. ) May be further added to the polymerization system.
- By additionally adding the compound (1) a high polymerization rate can be maintained while further suppressing the adhesion of the fluoroelastomer to the polymerization tank.
- Aqueous medium means a liquid containing water.
- the aqueous medium is not particularly limited as long as it contains water, and includes water and, for example, a fluorine-free organic solvent such as alcohol, ether, and a ketone, and / or a fluorine-containing organic solvent having a boiling point of 40 ° C. or lower. It may contain.
- the fluorine-containing monomer in the presence of a polymerization initiator in addition to the compound (1) and the aqueous medium.
- a polymerization initiator for example, by adding the compound (1) to the polymerization system and then adding the polymerization initiator, the polymerization of the fluorine-containing monomer can be started.
- the adhesion of the fluorine-containing elastomer to the polymerization tank is further increased. While suppressing, a larger number of fluoroelastomer particles can be generated at a higher polymerization rate.
- the polymerization initiator examples include radical polymerization initiators.
- the polymerization initiator is not particularly limited as long as it can generate radicals at the temperature at which the fluorine-containing monomer is polymerized, and an oil-soluble polymerization initiator, a water-soluble polymerization initiator, or the like can be used. , A water-soluble polymerization initiator is preferable. Further, the polymerization initiator may be used as a redox initiator in combination with a reducing agent or the like.
- the amount of the polymerization initiator when polymerizing the fluorine-containing monomer is appropriately determined by the type of the monomer, the molecular weight of the target fluorine-containing elastomer, and the reaction rate.
- the amount of the polymerization initiator is appropriately determined depending on the molecular weight of the target fluoroelastomer and the polymerization reaction rate, but is preferably 0.00001 to 10% by mass with respect to 100% by mass of the total amount of the monomers. More preferably, it is 0.0001 to 1% by mass.
- an oil-soluble radical polymerization initiator a water-soluble radical polymerization initiator, or an azo compound can be used.
- the oil-soluble radical polymerization initiator may be a known oil-soluble peroxide, for example, dialkylperoxycarbonates such as diisopropylperoxydicarbonate and disec-butylperoxydicarbonate, and t-butylperoxy. Peroxyesters such as isobutyrate and t-butylperoxypivalate, dialkyl peroxides such as dit-butyl peroxide, and di ( ⁇ -hydro-dodecafluorohexanoyl) peroxides and di.
- dialkylperoxycarbonates such as diisopropylperoxydicarbonate and disec-butylperoxydicarbonate
- Peroxyesters such as isobutyrate and t-butylperoxypivalate
- dialkyl peroxides such as dit-butyl peroxide
- azo compound examples include azodicarboxylate, azodicarboxydiamide, 2,2'-azobisisobutyronitrile, 2,2'-azobis 2,4-dimethylvaleronitrile, and 2,2'-azobis (. 2-Methylpropion amidine) dihydrochloride, 4,4'-azobis (4-cyanovaleric acid) can be mentioned.
- the water-soluble radical polymerization initiator may be a known water-soluble peroxide, for example, ammonium salts such as persulfuric acid, perboric acid, perchloric acid, perphosphoric acid, and percarbonate, potassium salts, and sodium salts.
- Organic peroxides such as disuccinic acid peroxide and diglutaric acid peroxide, t-butyl permalate, t-butyl hydroperoxide and the like.
- a reducing agent such as sulfites may also be contained, and the amount used thereof may be 0.1 to 20 times that of the peroxide.
- a salt of persulfate is preferable because the amount of generated radicals can be easily adjusted, and potassium persulfate (K 2 S 2 O 8 ) and ammonium persulfate ((NH 4 ) 2 S 2 O) are preferable. 8 ), sodium persulfate (Na 2 S 2 O 8 ) is preferable, and ammonium persulfate is most preferable.
- a redox initiator that combines an oxidizing agent and a reducing agent as the polymerization initiator. That is, the above polymerization is preferably carried out in the presence of a redox initiator.
- Examples of the oxidizing agent include persulfate, organic peroxide, potassium permanganate, manganese triacetate, ammonium cerium nitrate, bromate and the like.
- Examples of the reducing agent include sulfites, sulfites, bromate, diimine, oxalic acid, sulfinic acid metal salts and the like.
- Examples of the persulfate include ammonium persulfate, potassium persulfate, and sodium persulfate.
- Examples of the sulfite salt include sodium sulfite and ammonium sulfite.
- a copper salt and an iron salt to the combination of the redox initiator.
- the copper salt include copper (II) sulfate
- examples of the iron salt include iron (II) sulfate.
- a chelating agent As the chelating agent, ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid disodium salt dihydrate is preferable.
- Examples of the redox initiator include potassium permanganate / oxalic acid, ammonium persulfate / persulfate / iron sulfate (II), ammonium persulfate / sulfite / iron sulfate (II), ammonium persulfate / sulfite, ammonium persulfate / Examples thereof include iron (II) sulfate, manganese triacetate / oxalic acid, ammonium cerium nitrate / oxalic acid, bromine salt / sulfite, bromine salt / bicarbonate sulfate, ammonium persulfate / sodium hydroxymethanesulfate dihydrate and the like. , Ammonium persulfate / sodium hydroxymethane sulfine dihydrate is preferred.
- either an oxidizing agent or a reducing agent may be charged in advance in a polymerization tank, and then the other may be continuously or intermittently added to initiate polymerization.
- an oxidizing agent or a reducing agent may be charged in advance in a polymerization tank, and then the other may be continuously or intermittently added to initiate polymerization.
- ammonium persulfate / sodium hydroxymethanesulfinate dihydrate it is preferable to charge ammonium persulfate in a polymerization tank and continuously add sodium hydroxymethanesulfinate dihydrate therein.
- the amount of the persulfate used in the redox initiator is preferably 0.001 to 2.0% by mass, more preferably 0.01 to 1.5% by mass, and 0. 05 to 1.0% by mass is particularly preferable.
- the amount of the reducing agent used is preferably 1 to 30% by mass, more preferably 3 to 25% by mass, and particularly preferably 5 to 20% by mass with respect to the aqueous medium used for polymerization.
- the amount of the third component (copper salt, iron salt, etc.) used is preferably 0.001 to 0.5% by mass, preferably 0.005 to 0.4% by mass, based on the aqueous medium used for polymerization. Is more preferable, and 0.01 to 0.3% by mass is particularly preferable.
- the fluorine-containing monomer may be further polymerized in the presence of a chain transfer agent.
- a chain transfer agent known ones can be used, and for example, hydrocarbons, esters, ethers, alcohols, ketones, halogen-containing compounds, carbonates and the like can be used. Among them, isopentan, diethyl malonate and ethyl acetate are preferable from the viewpoint that the reaction rate does not easily decrease, and diiodine compounds such as I (CF 2 ) 4 I, I (CF 2 ) 6 I and ICH 2 I are used. It is preferable from the viewpoint that the terminal of the polymer can be iodinated and can be used as a reactive polymer.
- chain transfer agent it is particularly preferable to use a bromine compound or an iodine compound.
- examples of the polymerization method using a bromine compound or an iodine compound include iodine transfer polymerization and bromine transfer polymerization.
- Iodine compounds and bromine compounds are water-insoluble and difficult to emulsify. Therefore, there was originally a limitation in emulsion polymerization, and there was a tendency that a large amount of surfactant had to be used. According to the production method of the present disclosure, a fluorine-containing elastomer can be obtained by polymerization using an iodine compound or a bromine compound, for example, iodine transfer polymerization or bromine transfer polymerization, even in the absence of a conventionally used surfactant. It became possible.
- Iodine transfer polymerization is radically active due to the low dissociation energy of the carbon-iodine bond, and utilizes living radical polymerization by the radical chain reactivation mechanism, which occurs when the chain transfer reaction is involved in the process of radical polymerization reaction. It is a way to do it.
- reaction conditions known conditions can be appropriately used, and the reaction conditions are not particularly limited. For example, "Polymer Papers, Vol. 49, No. 10, pp. 765-783, October 1992" and Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. The conditions described in Japanese Patent Publication No. 53-3495 and the like can be appropriately adopted. Similar polymerization can be carried out by using a bromine compound instead of the iodine compound, and in the present disclosure, such polymerization is referred to as bromine transfer polymerization.
- iodine transfer polymerization is preferable from the viewpoint of polymerization reactivity, cross-linking reactivity and the like.
- bromine compounds or iodine compounds include, for example, the general formula: R 8 I x Br y (In the formula, x and y are integers of 0 to 2 and satisfy 1 ⁇ x + y ⁇ 2, respectively, and R 8 is a saturated or unsaturated fluorohydrocarbon group having 1 to 16 carbon atoms or chlorofluoro. Examples thereof include a compound represented by a hydrocarbon group or a hydrocarbon group having 1 to 3 carbon atoms and may contain an oxygen atom).
- iodine or bromine is introduced into the polymer and functions as a cross-linking point.
- bromine compound and iodine compound examples include 1,3-diiodoperfluoropropane, 2-iodoperfluoropropane, 1,3-diiodo-2-chloroperfluoropropane, 1,4-diiodoperfluorobutane, 1.
- -Iodine ethyl) and (2-bromoethyl) substituents can be mentioned, and these compounds may be used alone or in combination with each other.
- compounds containing only iodine without bromine are preferable from the viewpoints of polymerization reactivity, cross-linking reactivity, availability, etc., and 1,4-diiodoperfluorobutane and 1,6-diiodo are preferable. It is preferable to use perfluorohexane or 2-iodoperfluoropropane.
- the amount of the chain transfer agent is preferably 0.2 ⁇ 10 -3 to 2 mol%, more preferably 1.0 ⁇ 10 -3 to 1 mol%, based on the total amount of the monomers used in the polymerization. Is.
- a fluorine-containing monomer (however, excluding compound (1) and fluorine-containing compound (A)) is polymerized.
- the fluorine-containing monomer include vinylidene fluoride (vinylidene fluoride) (VdF), tetrafluoroethylene (TFE), hexafluoropropylene (HFP), perfluoro (alkyl vinyl ether) (PAVE), and chlorotrifluoroethylene (CTFE).
- PMVE perfluoro (methyl vinyl ether)
- PEVE perfluoro (ethyl vinyl ether)
- PPVE perfluoro (propyl vinyl ether)
- the fluorine-containing monomer (2) a monomer in which Rf is a linear fluoroalkyl group is preferable, and a monomer in which Rf is a linear perfluoroalkyl group is more preferable.
- the carbon number of Rf is preferably 1 to 6.
- the fluorine-containing elastomer particles since it is possible to generate a larger number of fluorine-containing elastomer particles at a higher polymerization rate while further suppressing the adhesion of the fluorine-containing elastomer to the polymerization tank, it can be used as a fluorine-containing monomer. It is preferable to polymerize at least vinylidene fluoride or tetrafluoroethylene, and more preferably to polymerize vinylidene fluoride.
- a fluorine-free monomer (however, excluding compound (1)) may be polymerized together with the fluorine-containing monomer.
- the fluorine-free monomer include ⁇ -olefin monomers having 2 to 10 carbon atoms such as ethylene, propylene, butene, and penten; methyl vinyl ether, ethyl vinyl ether, propyl vinyl ether, cyclohexyl vinyl ether, hydroxybutyl vinyl ether, and butyl vinyl ether.
- an aqueous dispersion containing a fluorine-containing elastomer can be produced.
- the fluorine-containing elastomer the polymerization of the fluorine-containing monomer proceeds more smoothly, and while further suppressing the adhesion of the fluorine-containing elastomer to the polymerization tank, a larger number of fluorine-containing elastomer particles are generated at a higher polymerization rate.
- Partially fluorinated elastomers are preferred because they can.
- the partially fluorinated elastomer is a fluoropolymer containing a fluorine-containing monomer unit and having a perfluoromonomer unit content of less than 90 mol% with respect to the total polymerization unit, and has a glass transition temperature of 20 ° C. or less. It is a fluoropolymer having a melting peak ( ⁇ H) of 4.5 J / g or less.
- the fluorine-containing elastomer preferably contains a methylene group (-CH 2- ) in the main chain.
- the fluorine-containing elastomer containing -CH 2- in the main chain is not particularly limited as long as it contains a chemical structure represented by -CH 2- , and is, for example, -CH 2 -CF 2- , -CH 2- .
- Fluorin-containing elastomers containing structures such as CH (CH 3 )-, -CH 2 -CH 2- , -CH 2 -CF 2- (CF 3 )-are mentioned, for example, vinylidene fluoride, propylene, and the like.
- the fluorine-containing elastomer preferably contains VdF units or TFE units.
- fluorine-containing elastomer VdF-based fluorine-containing elastomer, TFE / propylene (Pr) -based fluorine-containing elastomer, TFE / Pr / VdF-based fluorine-containing elastomer, ethylene (Et) / HFP-based fluorine-containing elastomer, Et / Examples thereof include an HFP / VdF-based fluorine-containing elastomer, an Et / HFP / TFE-based fluorine-containing elastomer, and an Et / TFE / PAVE-based fluorine-containing elastomer.
- VdF-based fluoroelastomers TFE / Pr-based fluoroelastomers, TFE / Pr / VdF-based fluoroelastomers or Et / TFE / PAVE-based fluoroelastomers have good heat aging resistance and oil resistance. More suitable.
- the VdF-based fluorine-containing elastomer is a fluorine-containing elastomer having a VdF unit.
- the VdF unit of the VdF-based fluorine-containing elastomer is preferably 20 mol% or more and 90 mol% or less, preferably 40 mol% or more and 85 of the total number of moles of the VdF unit and the monomer unit derived from other monomers. More preferably, it is mol% or less, more preferably 45 mol% or more and 80 mol% or less, and particularly preferably 50 mol% or more and 80 mol% or less.
- the other monomer in the VdF-based fluorine-containing elastomer is not particularly limited as long as it is a monomer copolymerizable with VdF, and for example, the above-mentioned fluorine-containing monomer can be used.
- VdF-based fluoropolymer examples include VdF / HFP copolymer, VdF / TFE / HFP copolymer, VdF / CTFE copolymer, VdF / CTFE / TFE copolymer, VdF / PAVE copolymer, and VdF / TFE.
- At least one copolymer selected from the group consisting of the copolymer of the body (2) is preferable. Further, as the monomer other than VdF, it is more preferable to have at least one monomer selected from the group consisting of TFE, HFP and PAVE.
- VdF-based fluoropolymers include VdF / HFP copolymers, VdF / TFE / HFP copolymers, VdF / fluoropolymers (2) copolymers, and VdF / PAVE copolymers.
- VdF / TFE / PAVE copolymer, VdF / HFP / PAVE copolymer and VdF / HFP / TFE / PAVE copolymer VdF / HFP / TFE / PAVE copolymer.
- At least one copolymer selected from the group consisting of a polymer, a VdF / HFP / TFE copolymer, a VdF / fluorine-containing monomer (2) copolymer, and a VdF / PAVE copolymer. ..
- the VdF / PAVE copolymer preferably has a VdF / PAVE composition of (65 to 90) / (35 to 10) (mol%). Further, it is also one of the preferable forms that the composition of VdF / PAVE is (50 to 78) / (50 to 22) (mol%).
- the VdF / TFE / PAVE copolymer preferably has a composition of VdF / TFE / PAVE of (40 to 80) / (3 to 40) / (15 to 35) (mol%).
- the VdF / HFP / PAVE copolymer preferably has a composition of VdF / HFP / PAVE of (65 to 90) / (3 to 25) / (3 to 25) (mol%).
- the composition of VdF / HFP / TFE / PAVE is (40 to 90) / (0 to 25) / (0 to 40) / (3 to 35) (mol%). Those of (40 to 80) / (3 to 25) / (3 to 40) / (3 to 25) (mol%) are more preferable.
- the unit of VdF / fluorine-containing monomer (2) is (85 to 20) / (15 to 80) (mol%), and VdF and fluorine-containing monomer (2) are contained. It is preferable that the monomer unit other than the fluorine monomer (2) is 0 to 50 mol% of the total monomer unit, and the mol% ratio of the VdF / fluorine-containing monomer (2) unit is (80). It is more preferably ⁇ 20) / (20-80). Further, it is also one of the preferable forms that the composition of the VdF / fluorine-containing monomer (2) unit is (78 to 50) / (22 to 50) (mol%).
- the unit of VdF / fluorine-containing monomer (2) is (85 to 50) / (15 to 50) (mol%), and VdF. It is also preferable that the monomer unit other than the fluorine-containing monomer (2) is 1 to 50 mol% of the total monomer unit.
- the monomer other than VdF and the fluorine-containing monomer (2) include TFE, HFP, PMVE, perfluoroethyl vinyl ether (PEVE), PPVE, CTFE, trifluoroethylene, hexafluoroisobutene, vinyl fluoride, and the like.
- Monomers exemplified as other monomers in VdF-based fluorine-containing elastomers such as Et, Pr, alkyl vinyl ether, and monomers giving a crosslinkable group are preferable, and PMVE, CTFE, HFP, and TFE are particularly preferable. More preferred.
- the TFE / Pr-based fluorine-containing elastomer refers to a fluorine-containing copolymer composed of TFE 45 to 70 mol% and Pr 55 to 30 mol%. In addition to these two components, a specific third component may be contained.
- Specific third components include, for example, fluorine-containing olefins other than TFE (for example, VdF, HFP, CTFE, perfluoro (butyl ethylene), etc.), fluorine-containing vinyl ethers (perfluoro (propyl vinyl ether), perfluoro (methyl vinyl ether)).
- fluorine-containing olefins other than TFE for example, VdF, HFP, CTFE, perfluoro (butyl ethylene), etc.
- fluorine-containing vinyl ethers perfluoro (propyl vinyl ether), perfluoro (methyl vinyl ether)
- Fluoro-containing monomers such as); ⁇ -olefins (ethylene, 1-butene, etc.), vinyl ethers (ethyl vinyl ether, butyl vinyl ether, hydroxybutyl vinyl ether, etc.), vinyl esters (vinyl acetate, vinyl benzoate, crotonic acid, etc.) It may contain a hydrocarbon-based monomer (vinyl, vinyl methacrylate, etc.); and the like.
- the specific third component may be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- the TFE / Pr-based fluoroelastomer preferably contains VdF, and among the TFE / Pr-based fluoroelastomers, the elastomer composed of TFE, Pr, and VdF is referred to as a TFE / Pr / VdF-based fluoroelastomer.
- the TFE / Pr / VdF-based fluorine-containing elastomer may further contain the above-mentioned specific third component other than VdF.
- the specific third component may be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- the total content of the third component in the TFE / Pr-based fluoroelastomer is preferably 35 mol% or less, more preferably 33 mol% or less, still more preferably 31 mol% or less.
- the Et / HFP copolymer preferably has a composition of Et / HFP of (35 to 80) / (65 to 20) (mol%), and is preferably (40 to 75) / (60 to 25) (mol). %) Is more preferable.
- the Et / HFP / TFE copolymer preferably has a composition of Et / HFP / TFE of (35 to 75) / (25 to 50) / (0 to 15) (mol%), and is preferably (45 to 75). ) / (25 to 45) / (0 to 10) (mol%) is more preferable.
- the Et / TFE / PAVE copolymer preferably has a composition of Et / TFE / PAVE of (10 to 40) / (32 to 60) / (20 to 40) (mol%), preferably (20 to 40). ) / (40 to 50) / (20 to 30) (mol%).
- PMVE is preferable as PAVE.
- a fluorine-containing elastomer containing VdF units is preferable, a VdF / HFP copolymer or a VdF / HFP / TFE copolymer is more preferable, and the composition of VdF / HFP / TFE is (32 to 85) / (. Those having a ratio of 10 to 34) / (0 to 40) (mol%) are particularly preferable.
- the composition of VdF / HFP / TFE is more preferably (32 to 85) / (15 to 34) / (0 to 34) (mol%), and (47 to 81) / (17 to 32) / (0 to 0 to).
- 26) (mol%) is more preferable, (47 to 79) / (17 to 32) / (0 to 26) (mol%) is particularly preferable, and (47 to 78) / (17 to 32) / (0 to 0 to). 26) (Mole%) is most preferred.
- the composition of VdF / HFP is preferably (45 to 85) / (15 to 55) (mol%), and more preferably (50 to 83) / (17). -50) (mol%), more preferably (55-81) / (19-45) (mol%), and even more preferably (60-80) / (20-40) (mol%). It is particularly preferably (60 to 79) / (21 to 40) (mol%), and most preferably (60 to 78) / (22 to 40) (mol%).
- the above-mentioned configuration is the configuration of the main monomer of the fluorine-containing elastomer, and in addition to the main monomer, a monomer giving a crosslinkable group may be copolymerized.
- the monomer giving a crosslinkable group may be any one as long as an appropriate crosslinkable group can be introduced into the fluorine-containing elastomer depending on the production method and the crosslinking system, for example, iodine atom, bromine atom, carbon-carbon double. Examples thereof include known polymerizable compounds containing a crosslinkable group such as a bond, a cyano group, a carboxyl group, a hydroxyl group, an amino group and an ester group.
- CY 1 2 CY 2 R f 2 X 1 (3)
- Y 1 and Y 2 may have a fluorine atom, a hydrogen atom or -CH 3 ; R f 2 may have one or more ether-bonded oxygen atoms, or may have an aromatic ring.
- R f 2 may have one or more ether-bonded oxygen atoms, or may have an aromatic ring.
- X 1 is an iodine atom or a bromine atom). Examples thereof include the compounds indicated by.
- CY 1 2 CY 2 R f 3 CHR 1 -X 1 (4)
- R f 3 may have one or more ether-binding oxygen atoms, and part or all of the hydrogen atoms are replaced with fluorine atoms.
- a linear or branched fluorine-containing alkylene group that is, a linear or branched fluorine-containing alkylene group in which a part or all of a hydrogen atom is replaced with a fluorine atom, or a part or all of a hydrogen atom.
- CF 2 CFCF 2 (OCF (CF 3 ) CF 2 ) m (OCH 2 CF 2 CF 2 ) n OCH 2 CF 2 -X 1 (7)
- m is an integer of 0 to 5, n is an integer of 0 to 5)
- CF 2 CFCF 2 (OCH 2 CF 2 CF 2 ) m (OCF (CF 3 ) CF 2 ) n OCF (CF 3 ) -X 1 (8)
- m is an integer of 0 to 5, n is an integer of 0 to 5)
- CF 2 CF (OCF 2 CF (CF 3 )) m O (CF 2 ) n -X 1 (9)
- m is an integer of 0 to 5, n is an integer of 1 to 8)
- CF 2 CF (OCF 2 CF (CF 3 )) m -X 1 (10) (In the formula, m is an integer from 1 to 5)
- CF 2 CF 2 (OC
- R 2 , R 3 , R 4 , R 5 , R 6 and R 7 are the same or different, and all are H, or an alkyl group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms;
- Z is a linear or branched chain.
- R may contain an oxygen atom, preferably at least a partially fluorinated alkylene or cycloalkylene group having 1 to 18 carbon atoms, or a bisolefin compound represented by (per) fluoropolyoxyalkylene group). It is preferable as a monomer that gives a crosslinkable group.
- the "(per) fluoropolyoxyalkylene group” means "fluoropolyoxyalkylene group or perfluoropolyoxyalkylene group”.
- Z is preferably a (per) fluoroalkylene group having 4 to 12 carbon atoms, and R 2 , R 3 , R 4 , R 5 , R 6 and R 7 are preferably hydrogen atoms.
- Z is a (par) fluoropolyoxyalkylene group, the formula: -(Q) p -CF 2 O- (CF 2 CF 2 O) m- (CF 2 O) n -CF 2- (Q) p- (In the formula, Q is an alkylene group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms or an oxyalkylene group having 2 to 10 carbon atoms, p is 0 or 1, and m and n have an m / n ratio of 0.2 to 5.
- the (per) fluoropolyoxyalkylene group is a (per) fluoropolyoxyalkylene group represented by (an integer such that the molecular weight of the (per) fluoropolyoxyalkylene group is in the range of 500 to 10000, preferably 1000 to 4000). ..
- the number average molecular weight Mn of the fluorine-containing elastomer is preferably 1000 to 1000,000, more preferably 10,000 to 500,000, and particularly preferably 20,000 to 300,000.
- the fluorine-containing elastomer preferably has a fluorine content of 50% by mass or more, more preferably 55% by mass or more, and further preferably 60% by mass or more.
- the upper limit of the fluorine content is preferably 75% by mass or less, more preferably 73% by mass or less.
- the fluorine content is calculated based on the measured values of 19 F-NMR, 1 H-NMR, elemental analysis and the like.
- the fluorine-containing elastomer preferably has a Mooney viscosity (ML1 + 10 (100 ° C.)) at 100 ° C. of 130 or less.
- the Mooney viscosity is more preferably 110 or less, and even more preferably 90 or less. Further, the Mooney viscosity is more preferably 10 or more, and further preferably 20 or more.
- the Mooney viscosity is a value measured according to JIS K 630-1.2013.
- the fluorine-containing elastomer preferably has a glass transition temperature of ⁇ 50 to 0 ° C.
- the glass transition temperature is more preferably ⁇ 2 ° C. or lower, further preferably ⁇ 3 ° C. or lower. Further, the glass transition temperature is more preferably ⁇ 45 ° C. or higher, further preferably ⁇ 40 ° C. or higher.
- the glass transition temperature may be ⁇ 10 ° C. or higher, and may be ⁇ 9 ° C. or higher.
- a DSC curve is obtained by raising the temperature of 10 mg of the sample at 20 ° C./min using a differential scanning calorimeter (for example, X-DSC7000 manufactured by Hitachi High-Tech Science Co., Ltd.), and JIS K 6240: According to 2011, the glass transition temperature can be obtained from the DSC differential curve.
- a differential scanning calorimeter for example, X-DSC7000 manufactured by Hitachi High-Tech Science Co., Ltd.
- the fluorine-containing elastomer preferably has an iodine content of 0.05 to 1.0% by mass.
- the iodine content is more preferably 0.08% by mass or more, further preferably 0.10% by mass or more, still more preferably 0.80% by mass or less, still more preferably 0.60% by mass or less.
- the iodine content can be determined by elemental analysis. Specifically, an absorption liquid in which 5 mg of Na 2 SO 3 is mixed with 12 mg of a fluorine-containing elastomer, and 30 mg of a mixture of Na 2 CO 3 and K 2 CO 3 in a ratio of 1: 1 (mass ratio) is dissolved in 20 ml of pure water. Can be measured using a Shimadzu 20A ion chromatograph after being burned in oxygen in a quartz flask and left for 30 minutes. As the calibration curve, a KI standard solution, one containing 0.5 mass ppm of iodine ion and one containing 1.0 mass ppm can be used.
- the fluorinated elastomer preferably contains a -CH 2 I structure.
- the inclusion of the -CH 2 I structure can be confirmed by 1 1 H-NMR spectrum.
- the fluorine-containing elastomer containing the -CH 2 I structure can be obtained by iodine transfer polymerization.
- the fluorine-containing elastomer preferably has an -CH 2 I structure in an amount of 0.05 to 1.50 mol% with respect to 100 mol% of the -CH 2 -structure.
- the amount of the -CH 2 I structure is more preferably 0.08 mol% or more, further preferably 0.12 mol% or more, further preferably 1.20 mol% or less, further preferably 1.00 mol% or less, and 0. .80 mol% or less is particularly preferable.
- the amount of -CH 2 I structure can be determined by 1 1 H-NMR spectrum.
- the fluorinated elastomer further preferably contains a -CF 2 CH 2 I structure.
- the fluorine-containing elastomer containing the CF 2 CH 2 I structure can be obtained by producing a VdF-based fluorine-containing elastomer by iodine transfer polymerization.
- the fluorine-containing elastomer preferably has an amount of -CF 2 CH 2 I structure of 0.05 to 1.50 mol% with respect to 100 mol% of -CH 2 -structure.
- the amount of the -CF 2 CH 2 I structure is more preferably 0.08 mol% or more, further preferably 0.12 mol% or more, further preferably 1.20 mol% or less, still more preferably 1.00 mol% or less. , 0.80 mol% or less is particularly preferable.
- the amount of the -CF 2 CH 2 I structure is the integral value A of the total peak intensity observed in the region of chemical shift 3.75 to 4.05 ppm derived from -CH 2 I in the 1 H-NMR spectrum, and -CH. 2 -Derived chemical shift Calculated by A / B * 100 from the integrated value B of all peak intensities observed in the regions of 2.3 to 2.7 ppm and 2.9 to 3.75 ppm.
- the fluorine-containing monomer described for the fluorine-containing elastomer can be appropriately used.
- the fluorine-containing monomer may be polymerized in the presence of the fluorine-containing compound (A) containing a functional group and a hydrophilic group (however, excluding the compound (1)).
- the fluorine-containing compound (A) may be used.
- the fluorine-containing monomer may be polymerized in the absence of the fluorine-containing compound (A) (however, excluding the compound (1)). According to the production method of the present disclosure, even when the fluorine-containing monomer is polymerized in the absence of the fluorine-containing compound (A), it is sufficient while suppressing the adhesion of the fluorine-containing elastomer to the polymerization tank. A sufficient number of fluorine-containing elastomer particles can be generated at a high polymerization rate.
- the fluorine-containing compound (A) is preferably a compound containing an anionic or nonionic hydrophilic group, and more preferably a compound containing an anionic hydrophilic group.
- the fluorine-containing compound (A) may contain, for example, only anionic hydrophilic groups or may contain only nonionic hydrophilic groups. Further, as the fluorine-containing compound (A), only a compound containing an anionic hydrophilic group may be used, only a compound containing a nonionic hydrophilic group may be used, or an anionic hydrophilic group may be used.
- a compound containing a group and a compound containing a nonionic hydrophilic group may be used in combination. It is presumed that the fluorine-containing compound (A) has a hydrophilic group, so that highly stable particles are formed and the particle forming power is high, so that the number of particles per unit water amount increases and the polymerization rate becomes higher. ..
- hydrophilic group in the fluorine-containing compound (A) examples include -NH 2 , -P (O) (OM) 2 , -OP (O) (OM) 2 , -SO 3 M, -OSO 3 M, and -COOM. , -B (OM) 2 , -OB (OM) 2 (
- M has H, a metal atom, NR 74 , an imidazolium which may have a substituent, and a substituent.
- Phosphorium, which may have a pyridinium or a substituent, R7 may be an H or an organic group and may be the same or different. Either two may be bonded to each other to form a ring. Good.) Can be mentioned.
- hydrophilic group -SO 3 M or -COOM is preferable, and -COOM is more preferable.
- organic group of R 7 an alkyl group is preferable.
- R 7 an organic group of H or C 1-10 is preferable, an organic group of H or C 1-4 is more preferable, an alkyl group of H or C 1-4 is more preferable, and H is most preferable.
- the metal atom include a monovalent or divalent metal atom, and an alkali metal (Group 1) or an alkaline earth metal (Group 2) is preferable, and Na, K or Li is more preferable.
- Examples of the "functional group capable of reacting with radical polymerization" in the fluorine-containing compound (A) include a group containing a radically polymerizable unsaturated bond.
- Examples of the group having a radically polymerizable unsaturated bond include a group having an ethylenically unsaturated bond such as a vinyl group and an allyl group.
- Examples of the linking group of R include a linking group as Ra, which will be described later.
- the fluorine-containing compound (A) Since the fluorine-containing compound (A) has a functional group capable of reacting by radical polymerization, when it is used in the above polymerization, it reacts with the fluorine-containing monomer and the compound (1) at the initial stage of the polymerization reaction, and contains the compound (1) and the compound (1). It is presumed that particles having a hydrophilic group derived from the fluorine compound (A) and having high stability are formed. Therefore, when the polymerization is carried out in the presence of the compound (1) and the fluorine-containing compound (A), it is considered that the number of particles of the fluorine-containing elastomer generated during the polymerization increases.
- the fluorine-containing monomer may be polymerized in the presence of the represented fluorine-containing compound (A).
- Y3 in the general formula ( A) is a hydrophilic group.
- the hydrophilic group for example, since it is possible to generate a larger number of fluorine-containing elastomer particles at a higher polymerization rate while further suppressing the adhesion of the fluorine-containing elastomer to the polymerization tank, -NH 2 , -P (O).
- M is H, metal atom, NR 74 , imidazolium which may have a substituent, pyridinium which may have a substituent or phosphonium which may have a substituent, R 7 is H or organic. It is a group and may be the same or different. Any two of them may be bonded to each other to form a ring). As the hydrophilic group, -SO 3 M or -COOM is more preferable, and -COOM is even more preferable.
- an alkyl group is preferable.
- an organic group of H or C 1-10 is preferable, an organic group of H or C 1-4 is more preferable, an alkyl group of H or C 1-4 is more preferable, and H is most preferable.
- the metal atom include a monovalent or divalent metal atom, and an alkali metal (Group 1) or an alkaline earth metal (Group 2) is preferable, and Na, K or Li is more preferable.
- Ra in the general formula (A) is a linking group.
- linking group refers to a divalent linking group.
- the linking group is preferably a single bond or a group containing at least one carbon atom.
- Ra is a linking group other than a single bond, and is preferably a group containing at least one carbon atom.
- the number of carbon atoms in the linking group may be 2 or more, 4 or more, 8 or more, 10 or more, or 20 or more.
- the upper limit of the number of carbon atoms of the linking group is not limited, but may be, for example, 100 or less, or 50 or less.
- the linking group may be chain or branched chain, cyclic or acyclic structure, saturated or unsaturated, substituted or unsubstituted, and optionally one or more selected from the group consisting of sulfur, oxygen, and nitrogen. It may contain a heteroatom and optionally contain one or more functional groups selected from the group consisting of esters, amides, sulfone amides, carbonyls, carbonates, urethanes, ureas and carbamate.
- the linking group does not contain a carbon atom and may be a catenary heteroatom such as oxygen, sulfur or nitrogen.
- Ra is preferably a catenary heteroatom such as oxygen, sulfur or nitrogen, or a divalent organic group.
- Ra is a divalent organic group
- the hydrogen atom bonded to the carbon atom may be replaced with a halogen other than fluorine, for example, chlorine, and may or may not contain a double bond.
- Ra may be in the form of a chain or a branched chain, and may be either a ring or a non-ring.
- Ra may contain a functional group (for example, an ester, an ether, a ketone, an amine, a halide, etc.).
- Ra may also be a non-fluorinated divalent organic group or a partially fluorinated or perfluorinated divalent organic group.
- R a are-(CH 2 ) a -,-(CF 2 ) a- , -O- (CF 2 ) a -,-(CF 2 ) a -O- (CF 2 ) b- , -O.
- a, b, c and d are independently at least 1 or more.
- a, b, c and d may be independently 2 or more, 3 or more, 4 or more, 10 or more, and 20 or more.
- the upper limit of a, b, c and d is, for example, 100.
- X 6 is H, F or CF 3 independently, e is an integer of 0 to 3, f is an integer of 0 to 3, g is 0 or 1, and h is.
- the compound represented by the general formula (A) has a CF bond and does not have a CH bond in the portion excluding the hydrophilic group (Y 3 ). That is, in the general formula (A), all of X i , X j , and X k are F, and Ra is preferably a perfluoroalkylene group having 1 or more carbon atoms, and the perfluoroalkylene group is preferably a perfluoroalkylene group. , Chained or branched, may be cyclic or acyclic, and may contain at least one catenary heteroatom. The perfluoroalkylene group may have 2 to 20 carbon atoms and may have 4 to 18 carbon atoms.
- the compound represented by the general formula (A) may be partially fluorinated. That is, the compound represented by the general formula (A) has at least one hydrogen atom bonded to a carbon atom in the portion excluding the hydrophilic group (Y 3 ), and has at least one fluorine atom bonded to the carbon atom. It is also preferable to have.
- the compound represented by the general formula (A) is also preferably a compound represented by the following formula (Aa).
- CF 2 CF-O-Rf 0 -Y 3 (Aa)
- Y 3 is a hydrophilic group and Rf 0 is hyperfluorinated and may be chain or branched chain, cyclic or acyclic structure, saturated or unsaturated, substituted or unsubstituted.
- a perfluorinated divalent linking group optionally additionally containing one or more heteroatoms selected from the group consisting of sulfur, oxygen, and nitrogen.
- the compound represented by the general formula (A) is also preferably a compound represented by the following formula (Ab).
- CH 2 CH-O-Rf 0 -Y 3 (Ab)
- Y 3 is a hydrophilic group and Rf 0 is a perfluorinated divalent linking group defined by the formula (Aa).
- Y 3 is one of the preferable forms of ⁇ OSO 3 M.
- Y 3 is ⁇ SO 3 M.
- M is the same as above.
- Y 3 is ⁇ COMM.
- Y 3 is ⁇ OP (O) (OM) 2 .
- CF 2 CF (OCF 2 CF 2 CH 2 OP (O) (OM) 2 ), as the compound represented by the general formula (A).
- Y 3 is ⁇ P (O) (OM) 2 .
- CF 2 CF (OCF 2 CF 2 P (O) (OM) 2 ), CF 2 as the compound represented by the general formula (A).
- the compound represented by the general formula (A) includes the general formula (5) :.
- CX 2 CY (-CZ 2 -O-Rf-Y 3 ) (5)
- X is the same or different, -H or -F
- Y is an -H, -F, an alkyl group or a fluorine-containing alkyl group
- Z is the same or different, -H,-.
- F an alkyl group or a fluorine-containing alkyl group.
- Rf is a fluorine-containing alkylene group having 1 to 40 carbon atoms
- Y3 is a fluorine - containing alkylene group having an ether bond having 2 to 100 carbon atoms.
- CX 2 CY (-Rf-Y 3 ) (7)
- X is the same or different, -H or -F
- Y is an -H, -F, an alkyl group or a fluorine-containing alkyl group
- Rf is a fluorine-containing alkylene group having 1 to 40 carbon atoms.
- Y3 is at least one selected from the group consisting of the compound represented by the above). Is preferable.
- the fluorine-containing alkylene group having an ether bond having 2 to 100 carbon atoms is an alkylene group that does not contain a structure in which an oxygen atom is a terminal and contains an ether bond between carbon carbons.
- X is -H or -F. Both of X may be -F, or at least one may be -H. For example, one may be -F and the other may be -H, or both may be -H.
- Y is an —H, —F, an alkyl group or a fluorine-containing alkyl group.
- the alkyl group is an alkyl group that does not contain a fluorine atom, and may have 1 or more carbon atoms.
- the alkyl group preferably has 6 or less carbon atoms, more preferably 4 or less, and even more preferably 3 or less.
- the fluorine-containing alkyl group is an alkyl group containing at least one fluorine atom, and may have 1 or more carbon atoms.
- the fluorine-containing alkyl group preferably has 6 or less carbon atoms, more preferably 4 or less, and even more preferably 3 or less.
- Y, -H, -F or -CF 3 is preferable, and -F is more preferable.
- Z is the same or different, —H, —F, an alkyl group or a fluoroalkyl group.
- the alkyl group is an alkyl group that does not contain a fluorine atom, and may have 1 or more carbon atoms.
- the alkyl group preferably has 6 or less carbon atoms, more preferably 4 or less, and even more preferably 3 or less.
- the fluorine-containing alkyl group is an alkyl group containing at least one fluorine atom, and may have 1 or more carbon atoms.
- the fluorine-containing alkyl group preferably has 6 or less carbon atoms, more preferably 4 or less, and even more preferably 3 or less.
- -H, -F or -CF 3 is preferable, and -F is more preferable.
- X may be -H and Y and Z may be -F.
- the Rf is a fluorine-containing alkylene group having 1 to 40 carbon atoms or a fluorine-containing alkylene group having an ether bond having 2 to 100 carbon atoms.
- the fluorine-containing alkylene group preferably has 2 or more carbon atoms.
- the carbon number of the fluorine-containing alkylene group is preferably 30 or less, more preferably 20 or less, still more preferably 10 or less.
- Examples of the fluorine-containing alkylene group include -CF 2-, -CH 2 CF 2- , -CF 2 CF 2- , -CF 2 CH 2- , -CF 2 CF 2 CH 2- , -CF (CF 3 ) -. , -CF (CF 3 ) CF 2- , -CF (CF 3 ) CH 2- , and the like.
- the fluorine-containing alkylene group is preferably a perfluoroalkylene group.
- the number of carbon atoms of the fluorine-containing alkylene group having an ether bond is preferably 3 or more.
- the carbon number of the fluorine-containing alkylene group having an ether bond is preferably 60 or less, more preferably 30 or less, still more preferably 12 or less.
- Examples of the fluorine-containing alkylene group having an ether bond include the following formula: (In the equation, Z 1 is F or CF 3 ; Z 2 and Z 3 are H or F, respectively; Z 4 is H, F or CF 3 ; p1 + q1 + r1 is an integer of 1 to 10; s1 is 0 or 1; t1 is 0. It is also preferable that it is a divalent group represented by (an integer of ⁇ 5).
- n is an integer from 1 to 10
- n is an integer of 1 to 10
- -CF 2 CF 2 O-CF 2- , -CF 2 CF 2 O-CF 2- , -CF 2 CF 2 O-CF 2- , -CF 2 CF 2 O-CF 2- , -CF 2 CF 2 O-CF 2- , -CF 2 CF 2 O-CF 2- , -CF 2 CF 2 O-CF 2- , -CF 2 CF 2 O-CF 2- , -CF 2 CF 2 O-CF 2- , -CF 2 CF 2 O-CF 2- , -CF 2 CF 2 O-CF 2- , -CF
- Y 3 is -COOM, -SO 3 M or -OSO 3 M
- M is H, a metal atom, NR 74 , an imidazolium which may have a substituent, a substituent.
- Pyridinium which may have or a phosphonium which may have a substituent, R7 may be an H or an organic group, and may be the same or different. Any two of them are bonded to each other and have a ring. May be formed.).
- an alkyl group is preferable.
- an organic group of H or C 1-10 is preferable, an organic group of H or C 1-4 is more preferable, and an alkyl group of H or C 1-4 is further preferable.
- the metal atom include an alkali metal (Group 1), an alkaline earth metal (Group 2), and the like, and Na, K, or Li is preferable.
- -H, a metal atom or -NR 74 is preferable, and -H, an alkali metal (Group 1 ), an alkaline earth metal (Group 2 ) or -NR 74 is more preferable, and -H, -Na, -K, -Li or -NH 4 is even more preferred, -Na, -K or -NH 4 is even more preferred, -Na or -NH 4 is particularly preferred, and -NH 4 is most preferred.
- Y 3 , -COOM or -SO 3 M is preferable, and -COOM is more preferable.
- the compound represented by the general formula (5) is preferably the compound (5a) represented by the general formula (5a).
- CH 2 CF (-CF 2 -O-Rf-Y 3 ) (5a) (In the formula, Rf and Y3 are the same as above.)
- Z 1 is F or CF 3 ;
- Z 2 and Z 3 are H or F, respectively;
- Z 4 is H, F or CF 3 ;
- p1 + q1 + r1 is an integer of 0 to 10;
- s1 is 0 or 1;
- t1 is 0.
- the integers of to 5 and Y 3 are the same as described above. However, when Z 3 and Z 4 are both H, p1 + q1 + r1 + s1 is not 0). More specifically
- Etc. are preferred, especially
- the compound represented by the general formula (5) is preferably the compound (5b) represented by the general formula (5b).
- CX 2 2 CFCF 2 -O- (CF (CF 3 ) CF 2 O) n5 -CF (CF 3 ) -Y 3 (5b)
- each X 2 is the same and represents F or H.
- N5 represents 0 or an integer of 1 to 10, and
- Y 3 is the same as the above definition.
- n5 is preferably 0 or an integer of 1 to 5 in terms of the stability of the obtained aqueous dispersion, more preferably 0, 1 or 2, and 0 or 1. It is more preferable to have.
- Y3 is preferably ⁇ COOM in that appropriate water solubility and stability of the aqueous dispersion can be obtained, and M is less likely to remain as an impurity and the heat resistance of the obtained molded product is improved.
- H or NH4 is preferred.
- X is -H or -F. Both of X may be -F, or at least one may be -H. For example, one may be -F and the other may be -H, or both may be -H.
- Y is an —H, —F, an alkyl group or a fluorine-containing alkyl group.
- the alkyl group is an alkyl group that does not contain a fluorine atom, and may have 1 or more carbon atoms.
- the alkyl group preferably has 6 or less carbon atoms, more preferably 4 or less, and even more preferably 3 or less.
- the fluorine-containing alkyl group is an alkyl group containing at least one fluorine atom, and may have 1 or more carbon atoms.
- the fluorine-containing alkyl group preferably has 6 or less carbon atoms, more preferably 4 or less, and even more preferably 3 or less.
- Y, -H, -F or -CF 3 is preferable, and -F is more preferable.
- X and Y contains a fluorine atom.
- X may be -H and Y and Z may be -F.
- Rf is a fluorine-containing alkylene group having 1 to 40 carbon atoms or a fluorine-containing alkylene group having an ether bond having 2 to 100 carbon atoms.
- the fluorine-containing alkylene group preferably has 2 or more carbon atoms.
- the number of carbon atoms of the fluorine-containing alkylene group is preferably 30 or less, more preferably 20 or less, still more preferably 10 or less.
- Fluorine-containing alkylene groups include -CF 2-, -CH 2 CF 2- , -CF 2 CF 2- , -CF 2 CH 2- , -CF 2 CF 2 CH 2- , -CF (CF 3 )- , -CF (CF 3 ) CF 2- , -CF (CF 3 ) CH 2- , etc. may be mentioned.
- the fluorine-containing alkylene group is preferably a perfluoroalkylene group.
- Y 3 is -COOM, -SO 3 M or -OSO 3 M
- M is H, a metal atom, NR 74 , an imidazolium which may have a substituent, a substitution.
- Pyridinium, which may have a group, or phosphonium, R7 , which may have a substituent, may be an H or an organic group, which may be the same or different. A ring may be formed.
- an alkyl group is preferable.
- R 7 an organic group of H or C 1-10 is preferable, an organic group of H or C 1-4 is more preferable, and an alkyl group of H or C 1-4 is further preferable.
- the metal atom include alkali metals (Group 1), alkaline earth metals (Group 2) and the like, and Na, K or Li are preferable.
- -H a metal atom or -NR 74 is preferable, and -H, an alkali metal (Group 1 ), an alkaline earth metal (Group 2 ) or -NR 74 is more preferable, and -H, -Na.
- -K, -Li or -NH 4 is even more preferred, -Na, -K or -NH 4 is even more preferred, -Na or -NH 4 is particularly preferred, and -NH 4 is most preferred.
- Y 3 -COOM or -SO 3 M is preferable, and -COOM is more preferable.
- the compound represented by the general formula (6) is preferably at least one selected from the group consisting of the compounds represented by the general formulas (6a) to (6f).
- CF 2 CF-O- (CF 2 ) n1 -Y 3 (6a) (In the formula, n1 represents an integer from 1 to 10 , and Y3 is the same as the above definition).
- n1 is preferably an integer of 5 or less, and more preferably an integer of 2 or less.
- Y 3 is preferably -COOM or -SO 3 M in that appropriate water solubility and stability of the aqueous dispersion can be obtained, and M is Na, H or NH because it is easy to synthesize. It is preferably H or NH 4 in that it is less likely to remain as an impurity and the heat resistance of the obtained molded product is improved.
- n2 is preferably an integer of 3 or less in terms of the stability of the obtained aqueous dispersion
- Y3 is suitable for water solubility and stability of the aqueous dispersion.
- it is preferably -COOM or -SO 3 M
- M is preferably H or NH 4 in that it does not easily remain as an impurity and the heat resistance of the obtained molded product is improved.
- n3 is preferably an integer of 5 or less in terms of water solubility
- Y3 is -COOM or - in terms of obtaining appropriate water solubility and stability of the aqueous dispersion.
- SO 3 M is preferable, and M is preferably H, Na or NH 4 in terms of improving dispersion stability.
- X 1 is preferably ⁇ CF 3 in terms of the stability of the aqueous dispersion
- n4 is preferably an integer of 5 or less in terms of water solubility
- Y 3 Is preferably -COOM or -SO 3 M
- M is preferably H, Na or NH 4 in terms of obtaining appropriate water solubility and stability of the aqueous dispersion.
- n5 is preferably an integer of 5 or less in terms of water solubility
- Y3 is ⁇ COM in terms of obtaining appropriate water solubility and stability of the aqueous dispersion.
- M is preferably H, Na or NH 4 .
- Rf is preferably a fluorine-containing alkylene group having 1 to 40 carbon atoms. In the general formula (7), it is preferable that at least one of X and Y contains a fluorine atom.
- the compound represented by the general formula (7) is the general formula (7a) :.
- CF 2 CF- (CF 2 ) n1 -Y 3 (7a) (In the formula, n1 represents an integer of 1 to 10, Y3 is the same as the above definition), and the general formula (7b) :.
- CF 2 CF- (CF 2 C (CF 3 ) F) n2 -Y 3 (7b) (In the formula, n2 represents an integer of 1 to 5 , and Y3 is the same as the above definition.)
- At least one selected from the group consisting of the compounds represented by the above is preferable.
- Y 3 is preferably -SO 3 M or -COOM, and M has H, a metal atom, NR 74 , an imidazolium which may have a substituent, and a substituent. It is preferably pyridinium which may have a substituent or phosphonium which may have a substituent.
- R 7 represents H or an organic group.
- n1 is preferably an integer of 5 or less, and more preferably an integer of 2 or less.
- Y3 is preferably ⁇ COOM in that appropriate water solubility and stability of the aqueous dispersion can be obtained, and M is less likely to remain as an impurity and the heat resistance of the obtained molded product is improved.
- H or NH4 is preferred.
- n2 is preferably an integer of 3 or less in terms of the stability of the obtained aqueous dispersion
- Y3 is suitable for water solubility and stability of the aqueous dispersion.
- M is preferably H or NH 4 in that it does not easily remain as an impurity and the heat resistance of the obtained molded product is improved.
- the fluorine-containing compound (A) is at least one selected from the group consisting of the compound represented by the general formula (5), the compound represented by the general formula (6), and the compound represented by the general formula (7).
- the species is preferable, and at least one selected from the group consisting of the compound represented by the general formula (5) and the compound represented by the general formula (6) is more preferable, and the compound represented by the general formula (5) is more preferable. More preferred.
- the compound represented by the general formula (5) is a group consisting of a compound represented by the general formula (5a), a compound represented by the general formula (5b), and a compound represented by the general formula (5c). It is preferably at least one selected from the above. Among them, one selected from the group consisting of the compound represented by the general formula (5a) and the compound represented by the general formula (5b) is more preferable, and the compound represented by the general formula (5a) is further preferable. ..
- the amount of the fluorine-containing compound (A) is preferably 3 to 5000 mass ppm, more preferably 5 mass ppm or more, and further preferably 10 with respect to the aqueous medium. It is mass ppm or more, particularly preferably 20 mass ppm or more, most preferably 30 mass ppm or more, more preferably 1000 mass ppm or less, still more preferably 500 mass ppm or less, and particularly preferably. Is 200 mass ppm or less, and most preferably 100 mass ppm or less.
- the amount of the fluorine-containing compound (A) is preferably 3 to 300 mass ppm with respect to the aqueous medium, and 3 to 150 mass by mass. ppm is more preferred, 5-100 mass ppm is even more preferred, and 8-80 mass ppm is most preferred.
- a non-redox polymerization initiator is used as the polymerization initiator and polymerization is carried out at a temperature of more than 70 ° C.
- the amount of the fluorine-containing compound (A) is preferably 3 to 500 mass ppm with respect to the aqueous medium, and 3 to 3 to 200 mass ppm is more preferable, 5 to 120 mass ppm is further preferable, and 20 to 110 mass ppm is most preferable.
- the amount of the fluorine-containing compound (A) is preferably 3 to 300 mass ppm with respect to the aqueous medium, and 3 to 100% by mass.
- the mass ppm is more preferable, 5 to 80 mass ppm is further preferable, and 10 to 70 mass ppm is most preferable.
- the amount of the fluorine-containing compound (A) is preferably 3 to 500 mass ppm with respect to the aqueous medium, and 5 to 300 mass ppm. Is more preferable, 10 to 200 mass ppm is further preferable, and 15 to 150 mass ppm is most preferable.
- a redox polymerization initiator is used as the polymerization initiator and the polymerization is carried out at a temperature of more than 70 ° C. and 98 ° C.
- the amount of the fluorine-containing compound (A) is preferably 5 to 500 mass ppm, preferably 8 to 300 mass ppm with respect to the aqueous medium.
- the mass ppm is more preferable, 15 to 200 mass ppm is further preferable, and 20 to 150 mass ppm is most preferable.
- the fluorine-containing compound (A) is preferably added before the polymerization initiator is added and the polymerization reaction is started. Further, it is preferable to add it only before the start of the polymerization reaction and not after the start of the polymerization.
- the polymerization temperature for polymerizing the fluorine-containing monomer is preferably 10 to 120 ° C, more preferably 20 to 100 ° C.
- the polymerization temperature is preferably 15 to 60 ° C., more preferably 18 to 55 ° C., and even more preferably 20 to 50 ° C. from the viewpoint of stability of the aqueous dispersion and reduction of the adhesion rate.
- the polymerization temperature is preferably 60 to 120 ° C., more preferably 60 to 100 ° C., and more preferably 70 to 70 to 100 ° C. because a fluorine-containing elastomer that has a high polymerization rate and gives a molded product having excellent physical characteristics can be obtained. 90 ° C. is more preferable.
- the polymerization pressure for polymerizing the fluorine-containing monomer is preferably 0.5 to 10 MPaG, more preferably 1 to 7 MPaG.
- a phosphate, sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, ammonia or the like may be used as the pH adjuster.
- the fluorine-containing monomer may be polymerized in the presence or absence of the fluorine-containing monomer polymerization seed particles.
- fluorinated monomer polymerization seed particles are obtained by polymerizing a fluorine-containing monomer in an aqueous medium, and are monomers and additives (for example, polymerization) constituting the polymerization reaction system. It is present at the time of the second polymerization in which the types and abundance ratios of components such as initiators and the like, reaction conditions and the like are different.
- the fluorine-containing monomer polymerization seed particles act as so-called seed particles during the polymerization of the fluorine-containing monomer, and constitute the polymerization of the fluorine-containing monomer in the presence of the seed particles, so-called seed polymerization. In the production method of the present disclosure, such seed polymerization may not be performed when polymerizing the fluorine-containing monomer.
- the adhesion of the polymer (fluorine-containing elastomer) to the polymerization tank can be suppressed.
- the polymer adhesion rate to the polymerization tank is preferably 8% by mass or less, more preferably 4% by mass or less, further preferably 2% by mass or less, and most preferably 1% by mass or less.
- the polymer adhesion rate is a ratio (adhesion rate to the polymerization tank) of the mass of the polymer deposits attached to the polymerization tank after the completion of the polymerization to the total amount of the polymer (fluorine-containing elastomer) after the completion of the polymerization.
- the polymer deposits are released from the aqueous dispersion by aggregation with the polymer adhering to the inside of the polymerization tank such as the inner wall of the polymerization tank and the stirring blade, and are dispersed in the aqueous solution. It contains polymers that are suspended or precipitated without being dispersed in the liquid.
- the mass of the polymer deposit is the mass after the water contained in the polymer deposit is dried and removed at 120 ° C.
- Polymer adhesion rate (% by mass) mass of polymer deposits / mass of obtained polymer (including deposits) x 100
- the mass of the obtained polymer the mass of the aqueous dispersion ⁇ the solid content concentration (mass%) of the aqueous dispersion / 100 + the mass of the polymer deposits
- the fluorine-containing monomer is polymerized in the presence of a fluorine-free surfactant (hydrocarbon-based surfactant) (however, excluding compound (1)).
- a fluorine-containing monomer is used in the absence of a substantially fluorine-free surfactant (hydrocarbon-based surfactant) (however, excluding compound (1)). Polymerize the weight. According to the production method of the present disclosure, even when the fluorine-containing monomer is polymerized in the absence of the fluorine-free surfactant, it is high while suppressing the adhesion of the fluorine-containing elastomer to the polymerization tank. A sufficient number of fluorine-containing elastomer particles can be generated at the polymerization rate.
- the fluorine-containing monomer is polymerized in the absence of a fluorine-containing surfactant (provided that the compound (1) and the fluorine-containing compound (A) are excluded). do.
- a fluorine-containing monomer is polymerized in the absence of a fluorine-containing surfactant, high polymerization is performed while suppressing adhesion of the fluorine-containing elastomer to the polymerization tank. A sufficient number of fluoroelastomer particles can be generated at a rate.
- fluorine-containing surfactant examples include anionic fluorine-containing surfactant and the like.
- the anionic fluorine-containing surfactant may be, for example, a surfactant containing a fluorine atom having a total carbon number of 20 or less in a portion excluding the anionic group.
- the fluorine-containing surfactant may also be a surfactant containing fluorine having a molecular weight of 800 or less in the anionic portion.
- the "anionic portion” means a portion of the fluorine-containing surfactant excluding the cation. For example, in the case of F (CF 2 ) n1 COOM represented by the formula (I) described later, it is a part of “F (CF 2 ) n1 COOM”.
- Examples of the fluorine-containing surfactant include a fluorine-containing surfactant having a LogPOW of 3.5 or less.
- the LogPOW is the partition coefficient between 1-octanol and water, and LogP [in the formula, P is the octanol in which the octanol / water (1: 1) mixture containing the fluorine-containing surfactant is phase-separated. Represents the concentration of the fluorine-containing surfactant in water / the concentration of the fluorine-containing surfactant in water].
- the above-mentioned anionic fluorine-containing surfactant includes the following general formula (N 0 ): X n0 -Rf n0 -Y 0 (N 0 ) (In the formula, X n0 is H, Cl or F. Rf n0 has 3 to 20 carbon atoms, is chain-like, branched-chain-like or cyclic, and some or all H is substituted with F. It is an alkylene group, and the alkylene group may contain one or more ether bonds, and a part of H may be substituted with Cl. Y0 is an anionic group). Can be mentioned.
- the anionic group of Y 0 may be -COOM, -SO 2 M, or -SO 3 M, and may be -COOM, or -SO 3 M.
- M is H, a metal atom, NR 74 , an imidazolium which may have a substituent, a pyridinium which may have a substituent or a phosphonium which may have a substituent
- R 7 Is an H or an organic group.
- the metal atom include alkali metals (Group 1), alkaline earth metals (Group 2), and the like, and examples thereof include Na, K, and Li.
- the R 7 may be an organic group of H or C 1-10 , an organic group of H or C 1-4 , or an alkyl group of H or C 1-4 .
- M may be H, a metal atom or NR 74 , H, alkali metal (Group 1 ), alkaline earth metal (Group 2 ) or NR 74 , H, Na, K, Li or It may be NH 4 .
- the Rf n0 may be one in which 50% or more of H is replaced with fluorine.
- Examples of the compound represented by the above general formula (N 0 ) include the following general formula (N 1 ) :. X n0- (CF 2 ) m1 -Y 0 (N 1 ) (In the formula, X n0 is H, Cl and F, m1 is an integer of 3 to 15, and Y0 is the one defined above.)
- Rf n1 is a perfluoroalkyl group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms
- m2 is an integer of 0 to 3
- X n1 is F or CF 3
- Y 0 is defined above.
- Rf n2 (CH 2 ) m3- (Rf n3 ) q -Y 0 (N 3 )
- Rf n2 is a partially or fully fluorinated alkyl group which may contain an ether bond having 1 to 13 carbon atoms
- m3 is an integer of 1 to 3
- Rf n3 is linear.
- it is a branched perfluoroalkylene group having 1 to 3 carbon atoms
- q is 0 or 1
- Y 0 is defined above.
- Rf n4 is a linear or branched chain moiety or a fully fluorinated alkyl group that may contain an ether bond and / or a chlorine atom having 1 to 12 carbon atoms
- Y n1 and Yn2 are , Same or different, H or F, p is 0 or 1, Y 0 is defined above
- N 5 the following general formula (N 5 ) :.
- X n2 , X n3 and X n4 may be the same or different, and may contain an ether bond of H, F, or 1 to 6 carbon atoms, which may be a linear or branched chain portion or a complete chain. It is a fluorinated alkyl group.
- Rf n5 is a linear or branched chain moiety or a fully fluorinated alkylene group that may contain an ether bond having 1 to 3 carbon atoms, and L is a linking group.
- Y 0 is as defined above. However, the total carbon number of X n2 , X n3 , X n4 and Rf n5 is 18 or less).
- the perfluorocarboxylic acid (I) represented by the following general formula (I) and the ⁇ -H par represented by the following general formula (II) are used.
- the compound (XIII) represented by is mentioned.
- the perfluorocarboxylic acid (I) has the following general formula (I).
- F (CF 2 ) n1 COM (I) (In the formula, n1 is an integer of 3 to 14, and M is H, a metal atom, NR 74 , imidazolium which may have a substituent, pyridinium which may have a substituent, or It is a phosphonium which may have a substituent, and R7 is represented by H or an organic group).
- ⁇ -H perfluorocarboxylic acid (II) has the following general formula (II).
- H (CF 2 ) n2 COM (II) (In the formula, n2 is an integer of 4 to 15, and M is the one defined above.).
- the above perfluoroether carboxylic acid (III) has the following general formula (III).
- Rf 1 -O- (CF (CF 3 ) CF 2 O) n3 CF (CF 3 ) COM (III) (In the formula, Rf 1 is a perfluoroalkyl group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms, n3 is an integer of 0 to 3, and M is the one defined above.) ..
- the perfluoroalkylalkylene carboxylic acid (IV) is described in the following general formula (IV).
- Rf 2 (CH 2 ) n4 Rf 3 COM (IV) (In the formula, Rf 2 is a perfluoroalkyl group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms, Rf 3 is a linear or branched perfluoroalkylene group having 1 to 3 carbon atoms, and n4 is 1 to 3 carbon atoms. It is an integer of, and M is the one defined above.).
- the alkoxyfluorocarboxylic acid (V) has the following general formula (V).
- Rf 4 -O-CY 1 Y 2 CF 2 -COMM (V) (In the formula, Rf 4 is a linear or branched chain moiety or a fully fluorinated alkyl group that may contain ether bonds and / or chlorine atoms having 1 to 12 carbon atoms, and Y 1 and Y 2 are , Same or different, H or F, where M is as defined above).
- the perfluoroalkyl sulfonic acid (VI) has the following general formula (VI). F (CF 2 ) n5 SO 3 M (VI) (In the formula, n5 is an integer of 3 to 14, and M is the one defined above.).
- ⁇ -H perfluorosulfonic acid has the following general formula (VII).
- H (CF 2 ) n6 SO 3 M (VII) (In the formula, n6 is an integer of 4 to 14, and M is the one defined above.).
- the perfluoroalkylalkylene sulfonic acid (VIII) has the following general formula (VIII).
- Rf 5 (CH 2 ) n7 SO 3 M (VIII) (In the formula, Rf 5 is a perfluoroalkyl group having 1 to 13 carbon atoms, n7 is an integer of 1 to 3, and M is the one defined above.) ..
- the above alkylalkylene carboxylic acid (IX) has the following general formula (IX).
- Rf 6 (CH 2 ) n8 COM (IX) (In the formula, Rf 6 is a linear or branched chain moiety or a fully fluorinated alkyl group that may contain an ether bond having 1 to 13 carbon atoms, and n8 is an integer of 1 to 3. M is as defined above).
- the fluorocarboxylic acid (X) has the following general formula (X).
- Rf 7 -O-Rf 8 -O-CF 2 -COMM (X) (In the formula, Rf 7 is a linear or branched moiety or a fully fluorinated alkyl group that may contain ether bonds and / or chlorine atoms having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, and Rf 8 is a carbon number of carbon atoms. 1 to 6 linear or branched moieties or fully fluorinated alkyl groups, where M is as defined above).
- the alkoxyfluorosulfonic acid (XI) has the following general formula (XI).
- Rf 9 -O-CY 1 Y 2 CF 2 -SO 3 M (XI) (In the formula, Rf 9 is a partially or fully fluorinated alkyl group which is a linear or branched chain which may contain an ether bond having 1 to 12 carbon atoms and may contain chlorine, and is Y1.
- Y 2 are the same or different, H or F, and M is as defined above).
- the compound (XII) has the following general formula (XII):
- X 1 , X 2 and X 3 may be the same or different and may contain H, F and ether bonds of 1 to 6 carbon atoms in a linear or branched chain moiety or fully fluorinated. It is an alkyl group, Rf 10 is a perfluoroalkylene group having 1 to 3 carbon atoms, L is a linking group, and Y 0 is an anionic group. ).
- Y 0 may be -COOM, -SO 2 M, or -SO 3 M, and may be -SO 3 M, or -COOM (where M is defined above).
- Examples of L include a single bond, a moiety capable of containing an ether bond having 1 to 10 carbon atoms, or a completely fluorinated alkylene group.
- the above compound (XIII) has the following general formula (XIII).
- Rf 11 -O- (CF 2 CF (CF 3 ) O) n9 (CF 2 O) n10 CF 2 COM (XIII) (In the formula, Rf 11 is a fluoroalkyl group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms containing chlorine, n9 is an integer of 0 to 3, n10 is an integer of 0 to 3, and M is the above definition. It is represented by).
- CF 2 ClO (CF 2 CF (CF 3 ) O) n9 (CF 2 O) n10 CF 2 COONH 4 mixture having an average molecular weight of 750, in the formula, n9 and n10 are defined above. There is.).
- the fluorinated monomer is polymerized in the presence of a fluorinated surfactant (however, excluding compound (1) and fluorinated compound (A)).
- a fluorinated surfactant (however, excluding compound (1) and fluorinated compound (A)).
- the fluorine-containing monomer can be polymerized in the absence of the fluorine-containing compound represented by the general formula: X- (CF 2 ) m2 -Y.
- a fluorine-containing surfactant excluding compound (1) and fluorine-containing compound (A)
- the fluorine-containing monomer can be polymerized in the absence of the fluorine-containing compound represented by m2 -Y.
- the fluorine-containing surfactant (excluding the compound (1) and the fluorine-containing compound (A)) that can be present at the time of polymerization
- the general formula: X- (CF 2 ) m2 -Y (in the formula, X represents H or F, m2 represents an integer of 6 or more, Y is -SO 3 M, -SO 4 M, -SO 3 R, -SO 4 R, -COOM, -PO. 3 M 2 , -PO 4 M 2 (M represents H, NH 4 or an alkali metal, and R represents an alkyl group having 1 to 12 carbon atoms).
- Fluorine surfactants can be mentioned.
- a fluorine-containing surfactant provided that the compound (1), the fluorine-containing compound (A) and the general formula: X- (CF 2 ) m2 -Y. It is preferable to polymerize the fluorine-containing monomer in the presence of (excluding the fluorine-containing compound).
- the fluorine-containing surfactant that can be present at the time of polymerization among the fluorine-containing surfactants exemplified above as the fluorine-containing surfactant that is not present at the time of polymerization, the general formula: X- (CF 2 ) m2 -Y ( In the formula, X represents H or F, m2 represents an integer greater than or equal to 6, and Y represents -SO 3 M, -SO 4 M, -SO 3 R, -SO 4 R, -COOM, -PO 3 M 2 . , -PO 4 M 2 (M represents H, NH 4 or an alkali metal, and R represents an alkyl group having 1 to 12 carbon atoms).
- Fluorine-containing surfactant other than the fluorine-containing compound represented by. Agents are mentioned.
- Examples of the fluorine-containing surfactant that can be present at the time of polymerization include International Publication No. 2019/009248, International Publication No. 2007/120346, International Publication No. 2007/011633, International Publication No. 2007/011631, and International Publication No. 2007/011631. Examples thereof include those described in Publication No. 2007/062059.
- an aqueous dispersion of a fluorine-containing elastomer can be obtained.
- the solid content concentration (content of the fluorine-containing elastomer) of the obtained fluorine-containing elastomer aqueous dispersion is preferably 10 to 50% by mass, more preferably 15 to 40% by mass at the time when the polymerization is completed. More preferably, it is 20 to 30% by mass.
- the aqueous dispersion obtained by the production method of the present disclosure and the fluorine-containing elastomer contained in the aqueous dispersion of the present disclosure may contain a monomer unit based on the compound (1) having a triple bond and a hydrophilic group.
- the present disclosure also relates to a fluorine-containing elastomer containing a monomeric unit based on the compound (1) having a triple bond and an anionic hydrophilic group.
- the fluorine-containing elastomer of the present disclosure can be preferably produced by using the compound (1) having a triple bond and an anionic hydrophilic group as the compound (1) in the production method of the present disclosure.
- the content of the monomer unit based on the compound (1) in the fluorine-containing elastomer is preferably 0.009 to 1.5% by mass, more preferably 0.0015, based on all the monomer units. It is 0% by mass or more, more preferably 0.0030% by mass or more, particularly preferably 0.0060% by mass or more, most preferably 0.0090% by mass or more, and more preferably 0.30% by mass. It is less than or equal to, more preferably 0.15% by mass or less, particularly preferably 0.09% by mass or less, and most preferably 0.06% by mass or less. If the content of the monomer unit based on the compound (1) is too large, the properties required for the fluorine-containing elastomer may be impaired.
- the content of the monomer unit based on the compound (1) in the fluoroelastomer can be calculated by appropriately combining NMR, FT-IR, elemental analysis, and fluorescent X-ray analysis depending on the type of monomer.
- the present disclosure also relates to an aqueous dispersion containing a fluorine-containing elastomer and an aqueous medium.
- the aqueous dispersion of the present disclosure can be preferably produced by the production method of the present disclosure.
- the fluorinated elastomer in the aqueous dispersion of the present disclosure may have the same configuration as the fluorinated elastomer contained in the aqueous dispersion obtained by the production method of the present disclosure.
- the fluorine-containing elastomer may contain a monomer unit based on the compound (1) having a triple bond and a hydrophilic group or a monomer unit based on the compound (1) having a triple bond and an anionic hydrophilic group. can.
- the fluorine-containing elastomer can contain a monomer unit based on the fluorine-containing monomer.
- the content of the fluorine-containing elastomer in the aqueous dispersion is preferably 10 to 50% by mass, more preferably 15 to 40% by mass, and further preferably 20 to 30% by mass.
- the content (solid content concentration) of the fluorine-containing elastomer in the aqueous dispersion is determined by drying 1 g of the aqueous dispersion at 150 ° C. for 180 minutes and measuring the mass of the heating residue with respect to the mass of the aqueous dispersion. It can be specified by calculating the ratio of the mass of the heating residue.
- the aqueous dispersion of the fluorinated elastomer may contain fluorinated elastomer particles.
- the average particle size of the fluorine-containing elastomer particles is preferably 10 to 800 nm, more preferably 50 to 500 nm, and further preferably 70 to 300 nm.
- the average particle size of the fluorine-containing elastomer particles is the average diameter of cumulant and can be measured by a dynamic light scattering method.
- the number of particles of the fluorine-containing elastomer particles contained in the aqueous dispersion of the fluorine-containing elastomer is preferably 1.0 ⁇ 10 12 particles / cc or more, and more preferably 5.0 ⁇ 10 12 particles / cc or more. More preferably, it is 1.0 ⁇ 10 13 pieces / cc or more.
- the number of particles (number of polymer particles) can be calculated according to the following formula.
- the number of fluorine-containing elastomer particles obtained by the above formula is the number per 1 cc of water.
- the specific gravity is the specific gravity of the fluorine-containing elastomer.
- the specific gravity of the fluorine-containing elastomer can be determined according to JIS Z 8807: 2012.
- the aqueous dispersion contains a fluorine-containing surfactant (however, excluding compound (1) and fluorine-containing compound (A)).
- a fluorine-containing surfactant (however, excluding compound (1) and fluorine-containing compound (A)).
- the fluorine-containing surfactant includes a fluorine-containing surfactant (excluding the compound (1), the fluorine-containing compound (A), and the fluorine-containing compound represented by the general formula: X- (CF 2 ) m2 -Y).
- fluorine-containing surfactant that can be present at the time of polymerization.
- a fluorine-containing surfactant (however, excluding compound (1) and fluorine-containing compound (A)) is more preferable.
- the aqueous dispersion does not have to contain a fluorine-containing compound represented by the general formula: X- (CF 2 ) m2 -Y.
- the aqueous dispersion does not substantially contain a fluorine-containing surfactant (however, excluding compound (1) and fluorine-containing compound (A)).
- An aqueous dispersion that does not substantially contain a fluorine-containing surfactant is obtained by polymerizing a fluorine-containing monomer without using a fluorine-containing surfactant (however, excluding compound (1) and fluorine-containing compound (A)).
- the method for producing a fluorine-containing elastomer of the present disclosure using compound (1) has made it possible to produce.
- substantially free of fluorine-containing surfactant means the content of the fluorine-containing surfactant (excluding compound (1) and fluorine-containing compound (A)) in the aqueous dispersion. Means that it is 10 mass ppm or less, preferably 1 mass ppm or less, more preferably 100 mass ppb or less, still more preferably 10 mass ppb or less, still more preferably 1 mass ppb or less.
- the fluorine-containing surfactant is less than the detection limit, as measured by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC / MS).
- the content of the fluorine-containing surfactant (however, excluding the compound (1) and the fluorine-containing compound (A)) can be quantified by a known method. For example, it can be quantified by LC / MS analysis. First, methanol is added to the aqueous dispersion to perform extraction, and the obtained extract is subjected to LC / MS analysis. In order to further improve the extraction efficiency, treatment by Soxhlet extraction, ultrasonic treatment or the like may be performed. Molecular weight information is extracted from the obtained LC / MS spectrum, and agreement with the structural formula of the candidate fluorine-containing surfactant is confirmed.
- an aqueous solution having a content of 5 levels or more of the confirmed fluorine-containing surfactant was prepared, and LC / MS analysis was performed on the aqueous solution having each content to determine the relationship between the content and the area area with respect to the content. Plot and draw a calibration curve. Then, using the calibration curve, the area area of the LC / MS chromatogram of the fluorine-containing surfactant in the extract can be converted into the content of the fluorine-containing surfactant.
- the aqueous dispersion of the fluorine-containing elastomer can further contain a cross-linking agent, a filler and the like.
- the cross-linking agent and the like will be described later.
- the aqueous dispersion of the fluorine-containing elastomer is suitable for rubber molding by adding, concentrating, etc., a dispersion stabilizer such as a hydrocarbon-based surfactant (excluding compound (1)), if necessary.
- a dispersion stabilizer such as a hydrocarbon-based surfactant (excluding compound (1)), if necessary.
- the dispersion is processed by pH adjustment, coagulation, heating and the like. Each process is performed as follows.
- the aqueous dispersion of the fluorine-containing elastomer may be subjected to treatments such as coagulation and heating.
- the above coagulation can be performed by adding alkaline earth and earth metal salts to the aqueous dispersion.
- alkaline earth and earth metal salts include sulfates such as calcium, magnesium and aluminum, nitrates, hydrochlorides, acetates and the like.
- the coagulated fluorinated elastomer may be washed with water to remove impurities such as a small amount of buffer solution and salt existing in the fluorinated elastomer, and then the washed fluorinated elastomer may be dried.
- the drying temperature is preferably 40 to 200 ° C, more preferably 60 to 180 ° C, and even more preferably 80 to 150 ° C.
- the present disclosure also relates to a composition containing a fluorinated elastomer.
- the compositions of the present disclosure can preferably be produced by the production method of the present disclosure.
- the fluorinated elastomer in the composition of the present disclosure may have the same composition as the fluorinated elastomer contained in the aqueous dispersion obtained by the production method of the present disclosure.
- the fluorine-containing elastomer can contain a monomeric unit based on the compound (1) having a triple bond and a hydrophilic group.
- the fluorine-containing elastomer can contain a monomer unit based on the fluorine-containing monomer.
- the form of the fluorine-containing elastomer and the composition is not particularly limited, but may be gum, crumb, powder, pellets, etc., and is preferably gum or crumb.
- Gum is a small granular mass made of a fluorine-containing elastomer
- crumb is a result of the fluorine-containing elastomer being unable to maintain a small granular shape as a gum at room temperature and fusing to each other. It is in the form of an amorphous mass.
- the gum or crumb is preferably obtained by coagulating, drying or the like from the aqueous dispersion obtained by the production method of the present disclosure by a conventionally known method.
- the water content of the composition is not particularly limited, but is preferably 1% by mass or less, more preferably 0.1% by mass or less, and further preferably 0.01% by mass or less with respect to the mass of the composition. Is.
- the water content of the composition is determined, for example, by sufficiently drying the composition by heating it to 120 ° C. or higher, measuring the weight of the composition before and after heating, and dividing the weight loss by the weight before heating. Can be calculated.
- the composition of the present disclosure contains a fluorinated surfactant (provided, excluding compound (1) and fluorinated compound (A)).
- the composition containing the fluorine-containing surfactant can be stably produced with high productivity by using the fluorine-containing surfactant (however, excluding the compound (1) and the fluorine-containing compound (A)).
- the fluorine-containing surfactant includes a fluorine-containing surfactant (excluding the compound (1), the fluorine-containing compound (A), and the fluorine-containing compound represented by the general formula: X- (CF 2 ) m2 -Y).
- fluorine-containing surfactant that can be present at the time of polymerization.
- a fluorine-containing surfactant (however, excluding compound (1) and fluorine-containing compound (A)) is more preferable.
- the composition does not have to contain a fluorine-containing compound represented by the general formula: X- (CF 2 ) m2 -Y.
- composition of the present disclosure does not substantially contain a fluorine-containing surfactant (however, excluding compound (1) and fluorine-containing compound (A)).
- the composition that does not substantially contain the fluorine-containing surfactant is obtained by polymerizing the fluorine-containing monomer without using the fluorine-containing surfactant (however, excluding the compound (1) and the fluorine-containing compound (A)).
- it is necessary to produce it it has become possible to produce it by the method for producing a fluorine-containing elastomer of the present disclosure using compound (1).
- substantially free of a fluorine-containing surfactant means that the content of the fluorine-containing surfactant (however, excluding the compound (1) and the fluorine-containing compound (A)) in the composition is used. It means that it is 10 mass ppm or less, preferably 1 mass ppm or less, more preferably 100 mass ppb or less, still more preferably 10 mass ppb or less, still more preferably 1 mass ppb or less.
- the fluorine-containing surfactant as measured by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC / MS) is below the detection limit.
- the content of the fluorine-containing surfactant (however, excluding the compound (1) and the fluorine-containing compound (A)) can be quantified by a known method. For example, it can be quantified by LC / MS analysis. First, methanol is added to the composition, extraction is performed, and the obtained extract is subjected to LC / MS analysis. In order to further improve the extraction efficiency, treatment by Soxhlet extraction, ultrasonic treatment or the like may be performed. Molecular weight information is extracted from the obtained LC / MS spectrum, and agreement with the structural formula of the candidate fluorine-containing surfactant is confirmed.
- an aqueous solution having a content of 5 levels or more of the confirmed fluorine-containing surfactant was prepared, and LC / MS analysis was performed on the aqueous solution having each content to determine the relationship between the content and the area area with respect to the content. Plot and draw a calibration curve. Then, using the calibration curve, the area area of the LC / MS chromatogram of the fluorine-containing surfactant in the extract can be converted into the content of the fluorine-containing surfactant.
- composition of the present disclosure can further contain a cross-linking agent, a filler and the like.
- a cross-linking agent a filler and the like.
- the cross-linking agent and the like will be described later.
- a fluorinated elastomer composition can be produced by adding a cross-linking agent, a filler, or the like to the fluorinated elastomer obtained by the production method of the present disclosure, the fluorinated elastomer of the present disclosure, or the composition of the present disclosure.
- the type and amount of the cross-linking agent and the filler are not particularly limited, and can be used within a known range.
- the method for obtaining the above-mentioned fluorinated elastomer composition is a method capable of uniformly mixing the fluorinated elastomer obtained by the production method of the present disclosure, the fluorinated elastomer of the present disclosure or the composition of the present disclosure with a cross-linking agent, a filler and the like.
- a cross-linking agent e.g., a cross-linking agent for polyurethanelastomer
- a filler and the like e.g., a method of kneading a powder obtained by coagulating a fluorine-containing elastomer alone and, if necessary, another additive or a compounding agent with a kneading machine such as an open roll.
- the cross-linking system includes, for example, a peroxide cross-linking system, a polyol cross-linking system, a polyamine cross-linking system, etc. It is preferably at least one selected. From the viewpoint of chemical resistance, a peroxide cross-linking system is preferable, and from the viewpoint of heat resistance, a polyol cross-linking system is preferable.
- the cross-linking agent at least one cross-linking agent selected from the group consisting of a polyol cross-linking agent and a peroxide cross-linking agent is preferable, and a peroxide cross-linking agent is more preferable.
- the amount of the cross-linking agent to be blended may be appropriately selected depending on the type of the cross-linking agent and the like, but is preferably 0.2 to 6.0 parts by mass with respect to 100 parts by mass of the fluoroelastomer composition, more preferably. It is 0.3 to 5.0 parts by mass.
- Peroxide cross-linking can be performed by using an uncross-linked elastomer that can be cross-linked with peroxide as a fluorine-containing elastomer and an organic peroxide as a cross-linking agent.
- the uncrosslinked elastomer that can be crosslinked with peroxide is not particularly limited, and any uncrosslinked elastomer having a site that can be crosslinked with peroxide may be used.
- the site that can be crosslinked with peroxide is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include a site having an iodine atom and a site having a bromine atom.
- the organic peroxide may be any organic peroxide that can easily generate peroxy radicals in the presence of heat or an oxidation-reduction system, for example, 1,1-bis (t-butylperoxy) -3, 5,5-trimethylcyclohexane, 2,5-dimethylhexane-2,5-dihydroperoxide, di-t-butyl peroxide, t-butylcumyl peroxide, dicumyl peroxide, ⁇ , ⁇ -bis (t-) Butylperoxy) -p-diisopropylbenzene, 2,5-dimethyl-2,5-di (t-butylperoxy) hexane, 2,5-dimethyl-2,5-di (t-butylperoxy) -hexine -3, benzoyl peroxide, t-butyl peroxybenzene, t-butyl peroxymaleic acid, t-butyl peroxyisopropyl carbon
- 2,5-dimethyl-2,5-di (t-butylperoxy) hexane and 2,5-dimethyl-2,5-di (t-butylperoxy) -hexyne-3 are preferable.
- the blending amount of the organic peroxide is preferably 0.1 to 15 parts by mass, more preferably 0.3 to 5 parts by mass with respect to 100 parts by mass of the fluorine-containing elastomer.
- the fluorine-containing elastomer composition further contains a cross-linking aid.
- the cross-linking aid include triallyl cyanurate, triallyl isosianurate (TAIC), triacrylic formal, triallyl trimellitate, N, N'-m-phenylene bismaleimide, dipropargyl terephthalate, diallyl phthalate, and tetra.
- Examples include fight and trimetaallyl isocyanurate.
- triallyl isocyanurate (TAIC) is preferable from the viewpoint of excellent crosslinkability, mechanical properties, and flexibility.
- the blending amount of the cross-linking aid is preferably 0.01 to 10 parts by mass, more preferably 0.01 to 7.0 parts by mass, and further preferably 0 with respect to 100 parts by mass of the fluoroelastomer. .1 to 5.0 parts by mass. If the amount of the cross-linking aid is less than 0.01 parts by mass, the mechanical properties are lowered and the flexibility is lowered. If it exceeds 10 parts by mass, the heat resistance is inferior and the durability of the molded product tends to be lowered.
- Polyol cross-linking can be performed by using an uncross-linked elastomer capable of cross-linking a polyol as a fluorine-containing elastomer and a polyhydroxy compound as a cross-linking agent.
- the blending amount of the polyhydroxy compound in the polyol cross-linking system is preferably 0.01 to 10 parts by mass with respect to 100 parts by mass of the non-crosslinked elastomer capable of cross-linking the polyol.
- the polyol cross-linking can be sufficiently promoted. More preferably, it is 0.02 to 8 parts by mass. More preferably, it is 0.03 to 4 parts by mass.
- the uncrosslinked elastomer capable of cross-linking the polyol is not particularly limited, and any uncrosslinked elastomer having a site capable of cross-linking the polyol may be used.
- the site capable of cross-linking the polyol is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include a site having a vinylidene fluoride (VdF) unit.
- Examples of the method for introducing the crosslinked site include a method of copolymerizing a monomer that gives a crosslinked site during the polymerization of the uncrosslinked elastomer.
- polyhydroxy compound a polyhydroxy aromatic compound is preferably used because of its excellent heat resistance.
- the polyhydroxyaromatic compound is not particularly limited, and for example, 2,2-bis (4-hydroxyphenyl) propane (hereinafter referred to as bisphenol A) and 2,2-bis (4-hydroxyphenyl) perfluoropropane.
- bisphenol A 2,2-bis (4-hydroxyphenyl) propane
- bisphenol AF 2,2-bis (4-hydroxyphenyl) perfluoropropane
- Bisphenol AF can be obtained from, for example, Fujifilm Wako Junyaku Co., Ltd., Central Glass Co., Ltd.), 1,3-dihydroxybenzene, 1,7-dihydroxynaphthalene, 2,7-dihydroxynaphthalene.
- polyhydroxy aromatic compounds may be alkali metal salts, alkaline earth metal salts, or the like, but when the copolymer is coagulated with an acid, it is preferable not to use the metal salt.
- the blending amount of the polyhydroxyaromatic compound is 0.1 to 15 parts by mass, preferably 0.5 to 5 parts by mass with respect to 100 parts by mass of the uncrosslinked elastomer.
- the fluorine-containing elastomer composition further contains a cross-linking accelerator.
- the cross-linking accelerator promotes the formation of an intramolecular double bond in the defluoric acid reaction of the polymer backbone and the addition of the polyhydroxy compound to the formed double bond.
- the cross-linking accelerator may be further used in combination with an acid receiving agent such as magnesium oxide or a cross-linking aid.
- cross-linking accelerator examples include onium compounds, and among the onium compounds, ammonium compounds such as quaternary ammonium salts, phosphonium compounds such as quaternary phosphonium salts, oxonium compounds, sulfonium compounds, cyclic amines, and 1 It is preferably at least one selected from the group consisting of functional amine compounds, and more preferably at least one selected from the group consisting of quaternary ammonium salts and quaternary phosphonium salts.
- the quaternary ammonium salt is not particularly limited, and for example, 8-methyl-1,8-diazabicyclo [5,4,0] -7-undecenium chloride, 8-methyl-1,8-diazabicyclo [5, 4,0] -7-undecenium iodide, 8-methyl-1,8-diazabicyclo [5,4,0] -7-undecenium hydroxyside, 8-methyl-1,8-diazabicyclo [5] , 4,0] -7-undecenium methylsulfate, 8-ethyl-1,8-diazabicyclo [5,4,0] -7-undecenium bromide, 8-propyl-1,8-diazabicyclo [5] , 4,0] -7-undecenium bromide, 8-dodecyl-1,8-diazabicyclo [5,4,0] -7-undecenium chloride, 8-dodecyl-1,8-di
- DBU-B is, for example, for example. (Available from Fujifilm Wako Junyakusha, etc.), 8-benzyl-1,8-diazabicyclo [5,4,0] -7-undecenium hydroxyside, 8-phenetyl-1,8-diazabicyclo [5] , 4,0] -7-undecenium chloride, 8- (3-phenylpropyl) -1,8-diazabicyclo [5,4,0] -7-undecenium chloride, tetrabutylammonium hydrogensulfate, tetra Examples thereof include butylammonium hydroxide, tetrabutylammonium chloride, tetrabutylammonium bromide and the like. Among these, DBU-B is preferable from the viewpoint of crosslinkability, mechanical properties, and flexibility.
- the quaternary phosphonium salt is not particularly limited, and for example, tetrabutylphosphonium chloride, benzyltriphenylphosphonium chloride (hereinafter referred to as BTPPC), benzyltrimethylphosphonium chloride, benzyltributylphosphonium chloride, tributylallylphosphonium chloride, tributyl. -2-methoxypropylphosphonium chloride, benzylphenyl (dimethylamino) phosphonium chloride, etc. can be mentioned.
- BTPPC benzyltriphenylphosphonium chloride
- BTPPC benzyltriphenylphosphonium chloride
- crosslinking accelerator a solid solution of a quaternary ammonium salt and bisphenol AF, a solid solution of a quaternary phosphonium salt and bisphenol AF, and a chlorine-free crosslinking accelerator disclosed in JP-A-11-147891 are used. You can also do it.
- the blending amount of the crosslinking accelerator is preferably 0.01 to 8.00 parts by mass, more preferably 0.02 to 5.00 parts by mass with respect to 100 parts by mass of the uncrosslinked elastomer. More preferably, it is 0.03 to 3.00 parts by mass. If the amount of the cross-linking accelerator is less than 0.01 parts by mass, the cross-linking of the uncross-linked elastomer does not proceed sufficiently, and the heat resistance of the obtained molded product may decrease. If it exceeds 8.00 parts by mass, the moldability of the fluoroelastomer composition may be lowered, the elongation in the mechanical properties may be lowered, and the flexibility may be lowered.
- the acid receiving agent is used to neutralize the acidic substance generated during polyol cross-linking, and specific examples thereof include magnesium oxide, calcium hydroxide (for example, NICC5000 (manufactured by Inoue Lime Industry Co., Ltd.), CALDIC). # 2000, CALDI C # 1000 (manufactured by Omi Chemical Industry Co., Ltd.)), calcium oxide, litharge (lead oxide), zinc flower, dibasic lead phosphite, hydrotalcite, etc., with high activity magnesium oxide and low activity. It is preferably at least one selected from the group consisting of active magnesium.
- Polyamine cross-linking can be performed by using a fluorine-containing elastomer capable of cross-linking polyamine as a fluorine-containing elastomer and a polyamine compound as a cross-linking agent.
- the fluoroelastomer that can be crosslinked with polyamine is not particularly limited, and may be any fluorine-containing elastomer having a site that can be crosslinked with polyamine.
- the site that can be crosslinked with polyamine is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include a site having a vinylidene fluoride (VdF) unit.
- Examples of the method for introducing the cross-linking site include a method of copolymerizing a monomer that gives a cross-linking site during the polymerization of the fluoroelastomer.
- polyamine compound examples include hexamethylenediamine carbamate, N, N'-dicinnamylidene-1,6-hexamethylenediamine, and 4,4'-bis (aminocyclohexyl) methanecarbamate.
- N, N'-dicinnamimidene-1,6-hexamethylenediamine is preferable.
- the fluorine-containing elastomer composition may contain at least one polyfunctional compound.
- a polyfunctional compound is a compound having two or more functional groups having the same or different structures in one molecule.
- the functional group of the polyfunctional compound includes a carbonyl group, a carboxyl group, a haloformyl group, an amide group, an olefin group, an amino group, an isocyanate group, a hydroxy group, an epoxy group and the like, which are generally known to have reactivity. Any group can be used as long as it is a group.
- the fluoroelastomer composition contains ordinary additives, such as fillers, processing aids, plasticizers, colorants, stabilizers, adhesive aids, mold release agents, and conductive materials, which are blended into the elastomer as needed.
- additives such as an imparting agent, a heat conductivity imparting agent, a surface non-adhesive agent, a flexibility imparting agent, a heat resistance improving agent, and a flame retardant agent can be blended, and these additives impair the effects of the present disclosure. It may be used within the range that does not exist.
- a molded product can be obtained from the above-mentioned fluorine-containing elastomer composition.
- the molded product can be obtained by molding and cross-linking the above-mentioned fluorine-containing elastomer composition.
- the fluorine-containing elastomer composition can be molded by a conventionally known method.
- the molding and crosslinking methods and conditions may be within the range of known methods and conditions for the molding and crosslinking to be adopted.
- the order of molding and cross-linking is not limited, and may be molded and then crosslinked, may be crosslinked and then molded, or may be molded and crosslinked at the same time.
- Examples of the molding method include, but are not limited to, a pressure molding method using a mold, an injection molding method, and the like.
- a steam cross-linking method a normal method in which the cross-linking reaction is started by heating, a radiation cross-linking method and the like can be adopted, and among them, the cross-linking reaction by heating is preferable.
- Specific cross-linking conditions that are not limited may be appropriately determined depending on the type of cross-linking agent or the like to be used, usually within a temperature range of 140 to 250 ° C. and a cross-linking time of 1 minute to 24 hours.
- the obtained molded product can be used as various parts in various fields such as the automobile industry, the aircraft industry, and the semiconductor industry.
- the molded product is the same as the crosslinked rubber molded product described in Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2013-216915, such as a sealing material, a sliding member, and a non-adhesive member, and the fluororubber molded product described in JP-A-2019-94430. Can be used for various purposes.
- Examples of the usage form of the molded product include various sealing materials and packings such as rings, packings, gaskets, diaphragms, oil seals, and bearing seals.
- As the sealing material it can be used in applications that require excellent non-adhesiveness and low friction. In particular, it can be suitably used for various sealing materials in the automobile industry and the like.
- tubes hoses, rolls, various rubber rolls, flexible joints, rubber plates, coatings, belts, dampers, valves, valve seats, valve bodies of valves, chemical resistant coating materials, laminating materials, lining materials, etc. can.
- Solid content concentration of the aqueous dispersion 1 g of the aqueous dispersion was dried in a blower dryer at 150 ° C. for 180 minutes, the mass of the heating residue was measured, and the heating residue was relative to the mass (1 g) of the aqueous dispersion. The ratio of the mass of the minute (mass%) was calculated.
- the ratio (adhesion rate to the polymerization tank) of the mass of the polymer deposits adhering to the polymerization tank after the completion of polymerization to the total amount of the polymer (fluorine-containing elastomer) after the completion of polymerization was calculated by the following formula.
- Polymer adhesion rate (% by mass) mass of polymer deposits / mass of obtained polymer (including polymer deposits) x 100
- the mass of the obtained polymer the mass of the aqueous dispersion ⁇ the solid content concentration of the aqueous dispersion (% by mass) / 100 + the mass of the polymer deposits
- Polymers adhering to the inside of the polymerization tank such as the inner wall of the polymerization tank and stirring blades, and polymers that are released from the aqueous dispersion by aggregation and are suspended or precipitated without being dispersed in the aqueous dispersion. ..
- the mass of the polymer deposit is the mass after the water contained in the polymer deposit is dried and removed at 120 ° C.
- Average particle diameter The average particle diameter (cumulant average diameter) of the fluorine-containing elastomer particles in the aqueous dispersion was measured by the dynamic light scattering method using ELSZ-1000S (manufactured by Otsuka Electronics Co., Ltd.) and calculated by the cumulant method. ..
- Number of particles (number of fluorine-containing elastomer particles in the aqueous dispersion) It was calculated by the following formula.
- the average particle size is the average diameter of the cumrant calculated by the above method
- the number of polymer particles (the number of fluorine-containing elastomer particles) is the number per 1 cc of water, and all of the examples and comparative examples contain fluorine.
- the specific gravity of the elastomer was set to 1.8.
- Mooney Viscosity Mooney viscosity was measured at 100 ° C. according to JIS K 6300-1.2013 using a Mooney viscometer MV2000E manufactured by ALPHA TECHNOLOGIES.
- Copolymerization composition Obtained by NMR analysis.
- VdF, TFE and HFP (initial monomer) were press-fitted so that the internal pressure of the tank was 2.03 MPaG.
- Table 1 shows the polymer adhesion rate, the solid content concentration of the aqueous dispersion, the mass of the aqueous dispersion, the average particle size and the number of particles.
- Example 2 1500 g of deionized water and 0.075 g of acetylenedicarboxylic acid monopotassium salt were added to a SUS polymerization tank having an internal volume of 3 L, the polymerization tank was sealed, and the inside of the system was replaced with nitrogen to remove oxygen.
- VdF and HFP initial monomer
- Table 1 shows the polymer adhesion rate, the solid content concentration of the aqueous dispersion, the mass of the aqueous dispersion, the average particle size and the number of particles.
- Example 3 Polymerization was carried out in the same manner as in Example 2 except that 0.075 g of ammonium propiolic acid salt was added instead of 0.075 g of acetylenedicarboxylic acid monopotassium salt before the start of polymerization.
- Table 1 shows the polymer adhesion rate, the solid content concentration of the aqueous dispersion, the mass of the aqueous dispersion, the average particle size and the number of particles.
- MT carbon Themax N-990 Cancarb TAIC: Triallyl isocyanurate, Tyke Nihon Kasei Co., Ltd.
- Perhexa 25B 2,5-dimethyl-2,5-di (t-butylperoxy) hexane, NOF Corporation
- a dumbbell No. 6 shaped test piece was prepared according to JIS K6251, and the prepared test piece was 100% modulus (M100) in the normal state, tensile strength at break (TB), The elongation at break (EB) was measured.
- Hardness A dumbbell No. 6 shaped test piece was prepared in the same manner as above, and the hardness (Shore A) of the prepared test piece was measured according to JIS K6253 (peak value, 1 sec, 3 sec).
- Compression Permanent Strain Using a fluoroelastomer composition, press-crosslinking and oven-crosslinking are performed under the above conditions to prepare an O-ring (P24 size), and according to JIS K6262, 200 ° C., 72 hours, compression rate 25%. Under the conditions of, the compression set of the prepared O-ring was measured.
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Abstract
Description
一般式(1):A1-R1-C≡CX1
(式中:A1は、-COOM、-SO3M、-OSO3M、-B(OM)(OR2)、-OB(OM)(OR2)、-PO(OM)(OR2)、または、-OPO(OM)(OR2)であり;Mは、H、金属原子、NR3 4、置換基を有していてもよいイミダゾリウム、置換基を有していてもよいピリジニウム、または、置換基を有していてもよいホスホニウムであり;R3は、各出現において同一または異なって、H、または、有機基であり;R2は、H、金属原子、NR3 4、置換基を有していてもよいイミダゾリウム、置換基を有していてもよいピリジニウム、置換基を有していてもよいホスホニウム、または、アルキニル基であり;R1は、単結合、または、ハロゲン原子を有していてもよい二価の炭化水素基であり;X1は、H、A1、または、ハロゲン原子、エーテル結合、エステル結合もしくはアミド結合を有していてもよい炭化水素基である。)
化合物(1)が、フッ素を含有しない化合物であることが好ましい。
化合物(1)の量が、前記水性媒体に対して、3~5000質量ppmであることが好ましい。
化合物(1)を添加した後、重合開始剤を添加することにより、含フッ素単量体の重合を開始することが好ましい。
前記含フッ素単量体が、ビニリデンフルオライドまたはテトラフルオロエチレンであることが好ましい。
前記含フッ素単量体が、ビニリデンフルオライドであることが好ましい。
一般式(A):CXiXk=CXjRa-(CZ1Z2)k-Y3
(式中、Xi、XjおよびXkは、それぞれ独立して、F、Cl、HまたはCF3であり;Y3は、親水基であり;Raは連結基であり;Z1およびZ2は、それぞれ独立して、H、FまたはCF3であり;kは0または1である。但し、Xi、Xk、Xj、Ra、Z1およびZ2の少なくとも1つはFを含む。但し、kが0である場合、Raは単結合以外の連結基である。)
10~120℃で前記含フッ素単量体を重合することが好ましい。
0.5~10MPaGで前記含フッ素単量体を重合することが好ましい。
前記含フッ素エラストマーが、主鎖に-CH2-を含有することが好ましい。
前記含フッ素エラストマーのムーニー粘度(ML1+10(100℃))が、10~130であることが好ましい。
前記含フッ素エラストマーの平均粒子径が、500nm以下であることが好ましい。
当該「有機基」の例は、
1個以上の置換基を有していてもよいアルキル基、
1個以上の置換基を有していてもよいアルケニル基、
1個以上の置換基を有していてもよいアルキニル基、
1個以上の置換基を有していてもよいシクロアルキル基、
1個以上の置換基を有していてもよいシクロアルケニル基、
1個以上の置換基を有していてもよいシクロアルカジエニル基、
1個以上の置換基を有していてもよいアリール基、
1個以上の置換基を有していてもよいアラルキル基、
1個以上の置換基を有していてもよい非芳香族複素環基、
1個以上の置換基を有していてもよいヘテロアリール基、
シアノ基、
ホルミル基、
RaO-、
RaCO-、
RaSO2-、
RaCOO-、
RaNRaCO-、
RaCONRa-、
RaOCO-、
RaOSO2-、および、
RaNRbSO2-
(これらの式中、Raは、独立して、
1個以上の置換基を有していてもよいアルキル基、
1個以上の置換基を有していてもよいアルケニル基、
1個以上の置換基を有していてもよいアルキニル基、
1個以上の置換基を有していてもよいシクロアルキル基、
1個以上の置換基を有していてもよいシクロアルケニル基、
1個以上の置換基を有していてもよいシクロアルカジエニル基、
1個以上の置換基を有していてもよいアリール基、
1個以上の置換基を有していてもよいアラルキル基、
1個以上の置換基を有していてもよい非芳香族複素環基、または、
1個以上の置換基を有していてもよいヘテロアリール基、
Rbは、独立して、Hまたは1個以上の置換基を有していてもよいアルキル基である)
を包含する。
上記有機基としては、1個以上の置換基を有していてもよいアルキル基が好ましい。
一般式(1):A1-R1-C≡CX1
(式中:A1は、-COOM、-SO3M、-OSO3M、-B(OM)(OR2)、-OB(OM)(OR2)、-PO(OM)(OR2)、または、-OPO(OM)(OR2)であり;Mは、H、金属原子、NR3 4、置換基を有していてもよいイミダゾリウム、置換基を有していてもよいピリジニウム、または、置換基を有していてもよいホスホニウムであり;R3は、各出現において同一または異なって、H、または、有機基であり;R2は、H、金属原子、NR3 4、置換基を有していてもよいイミダゾリウム、置換基を有していてもよいピリジニウム、置換基を有していてもよいホスホニウム、または、アルキニル基であり;R1は、単結合、または、ハロゲン原子を有していてもよい二価の炭化水素基であり;X1は、H、A1、または、ハロゲン原子、エーテル結合、エステル結合もしくはアミド結合を有していてもよい炭化水素基である。)
一般式(1-1):A1-R1-C≡C-A1
(式中、R1およびA1は上記のとおりであり、各出現において同一または異なってよい。)
MOOC-R1-C≡C-COOM
MO3S-R1-C≡C-SO3M
MO3SO-R1-C≡C-OSO3M
(R2O)(MO)B-R1-C≡C-B(OM)(OR2)
(R2O)(MO)BO-R1-C≡C-OB(OM)(OR2)
(R2O)(MO)OP-R1-C≡C-PO(OM)(OR2)
(R2O)(MO)OPO-R1-C≡C-OPO(OM)(OR2)
(式中、R1、M、および、R2は、上記のとおりであり、各出現において同一または異なってよい。)
MOOC-R1-C≡C-COOM
(式中、R1およびMは上記のとおりであり、各出現において同一または異なってよい。)
で表される化合物が好ましい。
一般式(1-2):A1-R1-C≡C-R4
(式中、A1およびR1は上記のとおりであり、R4は、H、または、ハロゲン原子、エーテル結合、エステル結合もしくはアミド結合を有していてもよい炭化水素基である。)
MOOC-R1-C≡C-R4
(式中、R1、R4およびMは上記のとおりであり、各出現において同一または異なってよい。)
で表される化合物が好ましい。
アセチレンスルホン酸、
プロピオール酸、
エチニル硫酸水素、
undec-10-イニル硫酸水素、
but-3-イニル硫酸水素、
prop-2-イニル硫酸水素、
pent-4-イニル硫酸水素、
5-メチル-1-ヘキシン-3-イル硫酸水素、
エチニルボロン酸、
エチニル二水素リン酸、
リン酸水素ジエチニル、
アセチレンジスルホン酸、
アセチレンジカルボン酸、
1-プロピニルスルホン酸、
2-フェニル-1-エチニルスルホン酸、
hex-1-イン-1-スルホン酸、
hexadec-1-イン-1-スルホン酸、
3,3-ジメチル-1-ブチンスルホン酸、
2-シクロプロピル-1-エチンスルホン酸、
3-メトキシ-1-プロピニルスルホン酸、
3-フェノキシ-1-プロピニルスルホン酸、
hept-2-イン酸、
6-フェニルヘキサ-2-イン酸、
3-シクロプロピルー2ープロパン酸、
シクロヘキシルプロピオール酸、
3-シクロペンチル-2-プロピン酸、
but-2-イン酸、
undeca-2,4-ジエン-6-イン酸、
3-(シクロヘプタ-2,4,6-トリエン-1-イル)プロパン酸、
6-(フルオレン-9-イル)ヘキサ-2-イン酸、
6-シクロヘキシル-ヘキサ-2-イン酸、
pent-3-イン酸、
4-フェニル-3-ブチン酸、
4-(4-メチルフェニル)-3-ブチン酸、
4-p-クロロフェニル-3-ブチン酸、
4-p-ブロモフェニル-3-ブチン酸、
4-(4-フルオロフェニル)-3-ブチン酸、
4-[4-(トリフルオロメチル)フェニル]-3-ブチン酸、
4-(3-メチルフェニル)-3-ブチン酸、
3-シクロプロピル-1-(1-カルボキシシクロプロピル)-1-プロピン酸、
4-(2-ナフタレニル)-3-ブチン酸、
4-シクロヘキシル-3-プロピン酸、
5-フェニルペント-1-イノキシボロン酸、
but-3-エン-1-イノキシボロン酸、
2-フェニルエチノキシボロン酸、
2-フェニルエチニルリン酸、
および、これらの塩が挙げられる。
重合開始剤として非レドックス重合開始剤を用い、40~70℃で重合する場合、化合物(1)の量としては、水性媒体に対して、3~300質量ppmが好ましく、3~150質量ppmがより好ましく、5~100質量ppmがさらに好ましく、8~80質量ppmが最も好ましい。
重合開始剤として非レドックス重合開始剤を用い、70℃超98℃以下で重合する場合、化合物(1)の量としては、水性媒体に対して、3~500質量ppmが好ましく、5~300質量ppmがより好ましく、8~200質量ppmがさらに好ましく、10~180質量ppmが最も好ましい。
重合開始剤としてレドックス重合開始剤を用い、10℃以上40℃未満で重合する場合、化合物(1)の量としては、水性媒体に対して、3~300質量ppmが好ましく、3~100質量ppmがより好ましく、5~80質量ppmがさらに好ましく、10~70質量ppmが最も好ましい。
重合開始剤としてレドックス重合開始剤を用い、40~70℃で重合する場合、化合物(1)の量としては、水性媒体に対して、3~500質量ppmが好ましく、5~300質量ppmがより好ましく、10~200質量ppmがさらに好ましく、15~150質量ppmが最も好ましい。
重合開始剤としてレドックス重合開始剤を用い、70℃超98℃以下で重合する場合、化合物(1)の量としては、水性媒体に対して、5~500質量ppmが好ましく、8~300質量ppmがより好ましく、15~200質量ppmがさらに好ましく、20~150質量ppmが最も好ましい。
含フッ素単量体を重合する際の化合物(1)の量を上記の範囲内とすることによって、重合槽への含フッ素エラストマーの付着を一層抑制しながら、より高い重合速度で一層多数の含フッ素エラストマー粒子を発生させることができる。
R8IxBry
(式中、xおよびyはそれぞれ0~2の整数であり、かつ1≦x+y≦2を満たすものであり、R8は炭素数1~16の飽和もしくは不飽和のフルオロ炭化水素基またはクロロフルオロ炭化水素基、または炭素数1~3の炭化水素基であり、酸素原子を含んでいてもよい)で表される化合物があげられる。臭素化合物又はヨウ素化合物を使用することによって、ヨウ素または臭素が重合体に導入され、架橋点として機能する。
これらのなかでも、重合反応性、架橋反応性、入手容易性などの点から、臭素を含まず、ヨウ素のみを含む化合物が好ましく、1,4-ジヨードパーフルオロブタン、1,6-ジヨードパーフルオロヘキサン、又は、2-ヨードパーフルオロプロパンを用いるのが好ましい。
CHX1=CX2Rf (2)
(式中、X1およびX2は、一方がHであり、他方がFであり、Rfは炭素数1~12の直鎖または分岐したフルオロアルキル基)で表される含フッ素単量体(2)などのフッ素含有単量体が挙げられる。
また、VdF/PAVEの組成は、(50~78)/(50~22)(モル%)であることも好ましい形態の一つである。
CY1 2=CY2Rf 2X1 (3)
(式中、Y1、Y2はフッ素原子、水素原子または-CH3;Rf 2は1個以上のエーテル結合性酸素原子を有していてもよく、芳香族環を有していてもよい、水素原子の一部または全部がフッ素原子で置換された直鎖状または分岐鎖状の含フッ素アルキレン基;X1はヨウ素原子または臭素原子)
で示される化合物が挙げられる。
CY1 2=CY2Rf 3CHR1-X1 (4)
(式中、Y1、Y2、X1は前記同様であり、Rf 3は1個以上のエーテル結合性酸素原子を有していてもよく水素原子の一部または全部がフッ素原子で置換された直鎖状または分岐鎖状の含フッ素アルキレン基、すなわち水素原子の一部または全部がフッ素原子で置換された直鎖状または分岐鎖状の含フッ素アルキレン基、水素原子の一部または全部がフッ素原子で置換された直鎖状または分岐鎖状の含フッ素オキシアルキレン基、または水素原子の一部または全部がフッ素原子で置換された直鎖状または分岐鎖状の含フッ素ポリオキシアルキレン基;R1は水素原子またはメチル基)
で示されるヨウ素または臭素含有単量体、一般式(5)~(22):
CY4 2=CY4(CF2)n-X1 (5)
(式中、Y4は、同一又は異なり、水素原子またはフッ素原子、nは1~8の整数)
CF2=CFCF2Rf 4-X1 (6)
(式中、R4は、-(OCF2)n-または-(OCF(CF3))n-であり、nは0~5の整数)
CF2=CFCF2(OCF(CF3)CF2)m(OCH2CF2CF2)nOCH2CF2-X1 (7)
(式中、mは0~5の整数、nは0~5の整数)
CF2=CFCF2(OCH2CF2CF2)m(OCF(CF3)CF2)nOCF(CF3)-X1 (8)
(式中、mは0~5の整数、nは0~5の整数)
CF2=CF(OCF2CF(CF3))mO(CF2)n-X1 (9)
(式中、mは0~5の整数、nは1~8の整数)
CF2=CF(OCF2CF(CF3))m-X1 (10)
(式中、mは1~5の整数)
CF2=CFOCF2(CF(CF3)OCF2)nCF(-X1)CF3 (11)
(式中、nは1~4の整数)
CF2=CFO(CF2)nOCF(CF3)-X1 (12)
(式中、nは2~5の整数)
CF2=CFO(CF2)n-(C6H4)-X1 (13)
(式中、nは1~6の整数)
CF2=CF(OCF2CF(CF3))nOCF2CF(CF3)-X1 (14)
(式中、nは1~2の整数)
CH2=CFCF2O(CF(CF3)CF2O)nCF(CF3)-X1 (15)
(式中、nは0~5の整数)、
CF2=CFO(CF2CF(CF3)O)m(CF2)n-X1 (16)
(式中、mは0~5の整数、nは1~3の整数)
CH2=CFCF2OCF(CF3)OCF(CF3)-X1 (17)
CH2=CFCF2OCH2CF2-X1 (18)
CF2=CFO(CF2CF(CF3)O)mCF2CF(CF3)-X1 (19)
(式中、mは0以上の整数)
CF2=CFOCF(CF3)CF2O(CF2)n-X1 (20)
(式中、nは1以上の整数)
CF2=CFOCF2OCF2CF(CF3)OCF2-X1 (21)
CH2=CH-(CF2)nX1 (22)
(式中、nは2~8の整数)
(一般式(5)~(22)中、X1は前記と同様)
で表されるヨウ素または臭素含有単量体などが挙げられ、これらをそれぞれ単独で、または任意に組合わせて用いることができる。
で表されるヨウ素含有フッ素化ビニルエーテルが好ましく挙げられ、より具体的には、
(式中、R2、R3、R4、R5、R6およびR7は同じかまたは異なり、いずれもH、または炭素数1~5のアルキル基;Zは、直鎖もしくは分岐鎖状の、酸素原子を含んでいてもよい、好ましくは少なくとも部分的にフッ素化された炭素数1~18のアルキレンもしくはシクロアルキレン基、または(パー)フルオロポリオキシアルキレン基)で示されるビスオレフィン化合物も架橋性基を与える単量体として好ましい。なお、本開示において、「(パー)フルオロポリオキシアルキレン基」とは、「フルオロポリオキシアルキレン基又はパーフルオロポリオキシアルキレン基」を意味する。
-(Q)p-CF2O-(CF2CF2O)m-(CF2O)n-CF2-(Q)p-
(式中、Qは炭素数1~10のアルキレン基または炭素数2~10のオキシアルキレン基であり、pは0または1であり、m及びnはm/n比が0.2~5となり且つ該(パー)フルオロポリオキシアルキレン基の分子量が500~10000、好ましくは1000~4000の範囲となるような整数である。)で表される(パー)フルオロポリオキシアルキレン基であることが好ましい。この式において、Qは好ましくは、-CH2OCH2-及び-CH2O(CH2CH2O)sCH2-(s=1~3)の中から選ばれる。
CH2=CH-(CF2)2-CH=CH2、
CH2=CH-(CF2)4-CH=CH2、
CH2=CH-(CF2)6-CH=CH2、
式:CH2=CH-Z1-CH=CH2
(式中、Z1は-CH2OCH2-CF2O-(CF2CF2O)m-(CF2O)n-CF2-CH2OCH2-(m/nは0.5)、分子量が好ましくは2000である)
などが挙げられる。
CXeXg=CXfR-
(式中、Xe、Xf及びXgは、それぞれ独立して、F、Cl、H、CF3、CF2H、CFH2、又は、CH3であり;Rは連結基である。)で示すことができる。Rの連結基としては後述するRaとしての連結基が挙げられる。
一般式(A):CXiXk=CXjRa-(CZ1Z2)k-Y3
(式中、Xi、XjおよびXkは、それぞれ独立して、F、Cl、H又はCF3であり;
Y3は、親水基であり;Raは連結基であり;Z1及びZ2は、それぞれ独立して、H、F又はCF3であり;kは0又は1である。但し、Xi、Xk、Xj、Ra、Z1及びZ2の少なくとも1つはFを含む。但し、kが0である場合、Raは単結合以外の連結基である。)
上記式中、nは1~10の整数である。
上記式中、nは1~10の整数である。
-(C=O)h-(O)i-CF2-O-(CX6 2)e-{O-CF(CF3)}f-(O)g- (r1)
(式中、X6はそれぞれ独立してH、F又はCF3であり、eは0~3の整数であり、fは0~3の整数であり、gは0又は1であり、hは0又は1であり、iは0又は1である)で表される2価の基が好ましく、下記一般式(r2):
-(C=O)h-(O)i-CF2-O-(CX7 2)e-(O)g- (r2)(式中、X7はそれぞれ独立してH、F又はCF3であり、eは0~3の整数であり、gは0又は1であり、hは0又は1であり、iは0又は1である。)で表される2価の基も好ましい。
-(C=O)h-(O)i-CF2-O-(CX6 2)e-{O-CF(CF3)}f-(O)g-CZ1Z2- (t1)
(式中、X6はそれぞれ独立してH、F又はCF3であり、eは0~3の整数であり、fは0~3の整数であり、gは0又は1であり、hは0又は1であり、iは0又は1であり、Z1及びZ2は、それぞれ独立して、F又はCF3である)で表される2価の基も好ましく、式(t1)において、Z1及びZ2は、一方がFで他方がCF3であることがより好ましい。
-(C=O)h-(O)i-CF2-O-(CX7 2)e-(O)g-CZ1Z2- (t2)
(式中、X7はそれぞれ独立してH、F又はCF3であり、eは0~3の整数であり、gは0又は1であり、hは0又は1であり、iは0又は1であり、Z1及びZ2は、それぞれ独立して、F又はCF3である)で表される2価の基も好ましく、式(t2)において、Z1及びZ2は、一方がFで他方がCF3であることがより好ましい。
CF2=CF-O-Rf0-Y3 (Aa)
(式中、Y3は親水基であり、Rf0は、過フッ素化されており、鎖状又は分岐鎖状、環状又は非環状構造、飽和又は不飽和、置換又は非置換であってもよく、硫黄、酸素、及び窒素からなる群から選択される1つ以上のヘテロ原子を任意追加的に含有する過フッ素化二価連結基である。)
CH2=CH-O-Rf0-Y3 (Ab)
(式中、Y3は親水基であり、Rf0は式(Aa)で定義される過フッ素化二価連結基である。)
CX2=CY(-CZ2-O-Rf-Y3) (5)
(式中、Xは、同一又は異なって、-H又は-Fであり、Yは-H、-F、アルキル基又は含フッ素アルキル基であり、Zは、同一又は異なって、-H、-F、アルキル基又は含フッ素アルキル基である。Rfは炭素数1~40の含フッ素アルキレン基、又は、炭素数2~100のエーテル結合を有する含フッ素アルキレン基である。Y3は、前記と同じである。)で表される化合物、一般式(6):
CX2=CY(-O-Rf-Y3) (6)
(式中、Xは、同一又は異なって、-H又は-Fであり、Yは-H、-F、アルキル基又は含フッ素アルキル基であり、Rfは炭素数1~40の含フッ素アルキレン基、又は、炭素数2~100のエーテル結合を有する含フッ素アルキレン基である。Y3は、前記と同じである。)で表される化合物、及び、一般式(7):
CX2=CY(-Rf-Y3) (7)
(式中、Xは、同一又は異なって、-H又は-Fであり、Yは-H、-F、アルキル基又は含フッ素アルキル基であり、Rfは炭素数1~40の含フッ素アルキレン基、又は、炭素数2~100のエーテル結合を有する含フッ素アルキレン基である。Y3は、前記と同じである。)で表される化合物、からなる群より選択される少なくとも1種であることが好ましい。
CH2=CF(-CF2-O-Rf-Y3) (5a)
(式中、Rf及びY3は前記と同じ。)
CX2 2=CFCF2-O-(CF(CF3)CF2O)n5-CF(CF3)-Y3 (5b)
(式中、各X2は、同一であり、F又はHを表す。n5は、0又は1~10の整数を表し、Y3は、前記定義と同じ。)
CF2=CFCF2-O-Rf-Y3 (5c)
(式中、Rf及びY3は上記と同じ)
CF2=CF-O-(CF2)n1-Y3 (6a)
(式中、n1は、1~10の整数を表し、Y3は、前記定義と同じ)
CF2=CF-O-(CF2C(CF3)F)n2-Y3 (6b)
(式中、n2は、1~5の整数を表し、Y3は、前記定義と同じ。)
CF2=CF-O-(CFX1)n3-Y3 (6c)
(式中、X1は、F又はCF3を表し、n3は、1~10の整数を表し、Y3は、前記定義と同じ。)
CF2=CF-O-(CF2CFX1O)n4-(CF2)n6-Y3 (6d)
(式中、n4は、1~10の整数を表し、n6は、1~3の整数を表し、Y3及びX1は、前記定義と同じ。)
CF2=CF-O-(CF2CF2CFX1O)n5-CF2CF2CF2-Y3 (6e)
(式中、n5は、0~10の整数を表し、Y3及びX1は、前記定義と同じ。)
CF2=CF-O(-CF2)n6-O-CF2-Y3 (6f)
(式中、n6は、1~6の整数を表し、Y3及びX1は、前記定義と同じ。)
CF2=CF-(CF2)n1-Y3 (7a)
(式中、n1は、1~10の整数を表し、Y3は、前記定義と同じ。)で表される化合物、及び、一般式(7b):
CF2=CF-(CF2C(CF3)F)n2-Y3 (7b)
(式中、n2は、1~5の整数を表し、Y3は、前記定義と同じ。)で表される化合物からなる群より選択される少なくとも1種が好ましい。
重合開始剤として非レドックス重合開始剤を用い、40~70℃で重合する場合、含フッ素化合物(A)の量としては、水性媒体に対して、3~300質量ppmが好ましく、3~150質量ppmがより好ましく、5~100質量ppmがさらに好ましく、8~80質量ppmが最も好ましい。
重合開始剤として非レドックス重合開始剤を用い、70℃超98℃以下で重合する場合、含フッ素化合物(A)の量としては、水性媒体に対して、3~500質量ppmが好ましく、3~200質量ppmがより好ましく、5~120質量ppmがさらに好ましく、20~110質量ppmが最も好ましい。
重合開始剤としてレドックス重合開始剤を用い、10℃以上40℃未満で重合する場合、含フッ素化合物(A)の量としては、水性媒体に対して、3~300質量ppmが好ましく、3~100質量ppmがより好ましく、5~80質量ppmがさらに好ましく、10~70質量ppmが最も好ましい。
重合開始剤としてレドックス重合開始剤を用い、40~70℃で重合する場合、含フッ素化合物(A)の量としては、水性媒体に対して、3~500質量ppmが好ましく、5~300質量ppmがより好ましく、10~200質量ppmがさらに好ましく、15~150質量ppmが最も好ましい。
重合開始剤としてレドックス重合開始剤を用い、70℃超98℃以下で重合する場合、含フッ素化合物(A)の量としては、水性媒体に対して、5~500質量ppmが好ましく、8~300質量ppmがより好ましく、15~200質量ppmがさらに好ましく、20~150質量ppmが最も好ましい。
含フッ素化合物(A)の量が上記範囲であることによって、より付着率を少なく、また、重合時間を短くすることができる。
ポリマー付着率(質量%)=ポリマー付着物の質量/得られたポリマー(付着物込み)の質量×100
得られたポリマーの質量=水性分散液の質量×水性分散液の固形分濃度(質量%)/100+ポリマー付着物の質量
Xn0-Rfn0-Y0 (N0)
(式中、Xn0は、H、Cl又は及びFである。Rfn0は、炭素数3~20で、鎖状、分岐鎖状または環状で、一部または全てのHがFにより置換されたアルキレン基であり、該アルキレン基は1つ以上のエーテル結合を含んでもよく、一部のHがClにより置換されていてもよい。Y0はアニオン性基である。)で表される化合物が挙げられる。
Mは、H、金属原子、NR7 4、置換基を有していてもよいイミダゾリウム、置換基を有していてもよいピリジニウム又は置換基を有していてもよいホスホニウムであり、R7は、H又は有機基である。
上記金属原子としては、アルカリ金属(1族)、アルカリ土類金属(2族)等が挙げられ、例えば、Na、K又はLiである。
R7としては、H又はC1-10の有機基であってよく、H又はC1-4の有機基であってよく、H又はC1-4のアルキル基であってよい。
Mは、H、金属原子又はNR7 4であってよく、H、アルカリ金属(1族)、アルカリ土類金属(2族)又はNR7 4であってよく、H、Na、K、Li又はNH4であってよい。
上記Rfn0は、Hの50%以上がフッ素に置換されているものであってよい。
Xn0-(CF2)m1-Y0 (N1)
(式中、Xn0は、H、Cl及びFであり、m1は3~15の整数であり、Y0は、上記定義したものである。)で表される化合物、下記一般式(N2):
Rfn1-O-(CF(CF3)CF2O)m2CFXn1-Y0 (N2)
(式中、Rfn1は、炭素数1~5のパーフルオロアルキル基であり、m2は、0~3の整数であり、Xn1は、F又はCF3であり、Y0は、上記定義したものである。)で表される化合物、下記一般式(N3):
Rfn2(CH2)m3-(Rfn3)q-Y0 (N3)
(式中、Rfn2は、炭素数1~13のエーテル結合を含み得る、部分または完全フッ素化されたアルキル基であり、m3は、1~3の整数であり、Rfn3は、直鎖状又は分岐鎖状の炭素数1~3のパーフルオロアルキレン基であり、qは0又は1であり、Y0は、上記定義したものである。)で表される化合物、下記一般式(N4):
Rfn4-O-(CYn1Yn2)pCF2-Y0 (N4)
(式中、Rfn4は、炭素数1~12のエーテル結合及び/又は塩素原子を含み得る直鎖状または分岐鎖状の部分または完全フッ素化されたアルキル基であり、Yn1及びYn2は、同一若しくは異なって、H又はFであり、pは0又は1であり、Y0は、上記定義したものである。)で表される化合物、及び、下記一般式(N5):
F(CF2)n1COOM (I)
(式中、n1は、3~14の整数であり、Mは、H、金属原子、NR7 4、置換基を有していてもよいイミダゾリウム、置換基を有していてもよいピリジニウム又は置換基を有していてもよいホスホニウムであり、R7は、H又は有機基である。)で表されるものである。
H(CF2)n2COOM (II)
(式中、n2は、4~15の整数であり、Mは、上記定義したものである。)で表されるものである。
Rf1-O-(CF(CF3)CF2O)n3CF(CF3)COOM (III)
(式中、Rf1は、炭素数1~5のパーフルオロアルキル基であり、n3は、0~3の整数であり、Mは、上記定義したものである。)で表されるものである。
Rf2(CH2)n4Rf3COOM (IV)
(式中、Rf2は、炭素数1~5のパーフルオロアルキル基であり、Rf3は、直鎖状又は分岐鎖状の炭素数1~3のパーフルオロアルキレン基、n4は、1~3の整数であり、Mは、上記定義したものである。)で表されるものである。
Rf4-O-CY1Y2CF2-COOM (V)
(式中、Rf4は、炭素数1~12のエーテル結合及び/又は塩素原子を含み得る直鎖状または分岐鎖状の部分または完全フッ素化されたアルキル基であり、Y1及びY2は、同一若しくは異なって、H又はFであり、Mは、上記定義したものである。)で表されるものである。
F(CF2)n5SO3M (VI)
(式中、n5は、3~14の整数であり、Mは、上記定義したものである。)で表されるものである。
H(CF2)n6SO3M (VII)
(式中、n6は、4~14の整数であり、Mは、上記定義したものである。)で表されるものである。
Rf5(CH2)n7SO3M (VIII)
(式中、Rf5は、炭素数1~13のパーフルオロアルキル基であり、n7は、1~3の整数であり、Mは、上記定義したものである。)で表されるものである。
Rf6(CH2)n8COOM (IX)
(式中、Rf6は、炭素数1~13のエーテル結合を含み得る直鎖状または分岐鎖状の部分または完全フッ素化されたアルキル基であり、n8は、1~3の整数であり、Mは、上記定義したものである。)で表されるものである。
Rf7-O-Rf8-O-CF2-COOM (X)
(式中、Rf7は、炭素数1~6のエーテル結合及び/又は塩素原子を含み得る直鎖状または分岐鎖状の部分または完全フッ素化されたアルキル基であり、Rf8は、炭素数1~6の直鎖状または分岐鎖状の部分または完全フッ素化されたアルキル基であり、Mは、上記定義したものである。)で表されるものである。
Rf9-O-CY1Y2CF2-SO3M (XI)
(式中、Rf9は、炭素数1~12のエーテル結合を含み得る直鎖状または分岐鎖状であって、塩素を含んでもよい、部分または完全フッ素化されたアルキル基であり、Y1及びY2は、同一若しくは異なって、H又はFであり、Mは、上記定義したものである。)で表されるものである。
Lとしては、例えば、単結合、炭素数1~10のエーテル結合を含みうる部分又は完全フッ素化されたアルキレン基が挙げられる。
Rf11-O-(CF2CF(CF3)O)n9(CF2O)n10CF2COOM (XIII)
(式中、Rf11は、塩素を含む炭素数1~5のフルオロアルキル基であり、n9は、0~3の整数であり、n10は、0~3の整数であり、Mは、上記定義したものである。)で表されるものである。化合物(XIII)としては、CF2ClO(CF2CF(CF3)O)n9(CF2O)n10CF2COONH4(平均分子量750の混合物、式中、n9およびn10は上記定義したものである。)が挙げられる。
さらに抽出効率を高めるために、ソックスレー抽出、超音波処理等による処理を行ってもよい。
得られたLC/MSスペクトルから、分子量情報を抜出し、候補となる含フッ素界面活性剤の構造式との一致を確認する。
その後、確認された含フッ素界面活性剤の5水準以上の含有量の水溶液を作製し、それぞれの含有量の水溶液のLC/MS分析を行ない、含有量と、その含有量に対するエリア面積と関係をプロットし、検量線を描く。
そして、検量線を用いて、抽出液中の含フッ素界面活性剤のLC/MSクロマトグラムのエリア面積を、含フッ素界面活性剤の含有量に換算することができる。
さらに抽出効率を高めるために、ソックスレー抽出、超音波処理等による処理を行ってもよい。
得られたLC/MSスペクトルから、分子量情報を抜出し、候補となる含フッ素界面活性剤の構造式との一致を確認する。
その後、確認された含フッ素界面活性剤の5水準以上の含有量の水溶液を作製し、それぞれの含有量の水溶液のLC/MS分析を行ない、含有量と、その含有量に対するエリア面積と関係をプロットし、検量線を描く。
そして、検量線を用いて、抽出液中の含フッ素界面活性剤のLC/MSクロマトグラムのエリア面積を、含フッ素界面活性剤の含有量に換算することができる。
水性分散液1gを、送風乾燥機中で150℃、180分の条件で乾燥し、加熱残分の質量を測定し、水性分散液の質量(1g)に対する、加熱残分の質量の割合(質量%)を求めた。
重合終了後に重合槽に付着したポリマー付着物の質量の、重合終了後のポリマー(含フッ素エラストマー)の総量に対する比率(重合槽への付着率)を次の式により求めた。
ポリマー付着率(質量%)=ポリマー付着物の質量/得られたポリマー(ポリマー付着物込み)の質量×100
得られたポリマーの質量=水性分散液の質量×水性分散液の固形分濃度(質量%)/100+ポリマー付着物の質量
ポリマー付着物には、重合終了後に水性分散液を重合槽から抜き出した後に、重合槽内壁や撹拌翼などの重合槽内部に付着しているポリマーと、凝集により水性分散液から遊離し、水性分散液中に分散せずに、浮遊または沈殿しているポリマーとが含まれる。ポリマー付着物の質量は、ポリマー付着物に含まれる水分を120℃で乾燥し除去した後の質量である。
水性分散液中の含フッ素エラストマー粒子の平均粒子径(キュムラント平均径)は、ELSZ-1000S(大塚電子社製)を用い、動的光散乱法により測定を行い、キュムラント法により算出した。
下記式により算出した。
ムーニー粘度は、ALPHA TECHNOLOGIES社製ムーニー粘度計MV2000E型を用いて、100℃において、JIS K 6300-1.2013に従い測定した。
NMR分析により求めた。
内容積3LのSUS製の重合槽に1500gの脱イオン水、0.075gのアセチレンジカルボン酸モノカリウム塩、および、CH2=CF-CF2OCF(CF3)CF2OCF(CF3)COONH4の50質量%水溶液0.150gを加え、重合槽を密閉し、系内を窒素で置換し酸素を取り除いた。重合槽を80℃に昇温し、攪拌しながら、フッ化ビニリデン〔VdF〕/テトラフルオロエチレン〔TFE〕/ヘキサフルオロプロピレン〔HFP〕(=19/11/70モル%)のモル比で、重合槽の内圧が2.03MPaGとなるように、VdF、TFEおよびHFP(初期単量体)を圧入した。
内容積3LのSUS製の重合槽に1500gの脱イオン水、0.075gのアセチレンジカルボン酸モノカリウム塩を加え、重合槽を密閉し、系内を窒素で置換し酸素を取り除いた。重合槽を80℃に昇温し、攪拌しながら、フッ化ビニリデン〔VdF〕/ヘキサフルオロプロピレン〔HFP〕(=50/50モル%)のモル比で、重合槽の内圧が2.00MPaGとなるように、VdFおよびHFP(初期単量体)を圧入した。
0.075gのアセチレンジカルボン酸モノカリウム塩に代えて、0.075gのプロピオール酸アンモニウム塩を重合開始前に添加した以外は、実施例2と同様にして、重合を行った。
実施例1~3で得られた含フッ素エラストマーを、表2に示す配合で混練し、含フッ素エラストマー組成物を得た。得られた含フッ素エラストマー組成物について、プレス架橋時にゴム用加硫試験機MDRH2030(エムアンドケー社製)を用い、架橋曲線を求め、最低粘度(ML)、最大トルクレベル(MH)、誘導時間(T10)および最適加硫時間(T90)を求めた。また、プレス架橋およびプレス架橋に続くオーブン架橋により、含フッ素エラストマー組成物を架橋することにより、架橋成形品シートを得た。
混練方法 :ロール練り
プレス架橋 :160℃で10分間
オーブン架橋:180℃で4時間
MTカーボン:Thermax N-990 Cancarb社製
TAIC:トリアリルイソシアヌレート、タイク 日本化成社製
パーヘキサ25B:2,5-ジメチル-2,5-ジ(t-ブチルパーオキシ)ヘキサン、日油社製
架橋成形品シートを用いて、JIS K6251に準じて、ダンベル6号形状の試験片を作製し、作製した試験片の常態での100%モジュラス(M100)、破断時引張強度(TB)、破断時伸び(EB)を測定した。
上記と同様にしてダンベル6号形状の試験片を作製し、JIS K6253に準じて、作製した試験片の硬さ(Shore A)を測定した(ピーク値、1sec、3sec)。
含フッ素エラストマー組成物を用いて、上記した条件でプレス架橋およびオーブン架橋を行い、Oリング(P24サイズ)を作製し、JIS K6262に準じて、200℃、72時間、圧縮率25%の条件で、作製したOリングの圧縮永久歪みを測定した。
架橋成形品シートを用いて、ダンベル6号形状の試験片を作製した。試験片を、250℃で72時間熱処理した後、上記した方法で、熱処理後の試験片の100%モジュラス(M100)、破断時引張強度(TB)、破断時伸び(EB)および硬さを測定した。熱処理後の試験片のM100、TBおよびEBの、常態物性の測定値に対する変化率を表2に示す。また、熱処理前後の試験片の硬さの差(ShoreA変化)を表2に示す。
Claims (17)
- 三重結合および親水基を有する化合物(1)ならびに水性媒体の存在下に、含フッ素単量体を重合することによって、含フッ素エラストマーの水性分散液を製造する含フッ素エラストマー水性分散液の製造方法。
- 化合物(1)が、一般式(1)で表される化合物(1)である請求項1に記載の製造方法。
一般式(1):A1-R1-C≡CX1
(式中:A1は、-COOM、-SO3M、-OSO3M、-B(OM)(OR2)、-OB(OM)(OR2)、-PO(OM)(OR2)、または、-OPO(OM)(OR2)であり;
Mは、H、金属原子、NR3 4、置換基を有していてもよいイミダゾリウム、置換基を有していてもよいピリジニウム、または、置換基を有していてもよいホスホニウムであり;
R3は、各出現において同一または異なって、H、または、有機基であり;
R2は、H、金属原子、NR3 4、置換基を有していてもよいイミダゾリウム、置換基を有していてもよいピリジニウム、置換基を有していてもよいホスホニウム、または、アルキニル基であり;
R1は、単結合、または、ハロゲン原子を有していてもよい二価の炭化水素基であり;
X1は、H、A1、または、ハロゲン原子、エーテル結合、エステル結合もしくはアミド結合を有していてもよい炭化水素基である。) - 一般式(1)におけるA1が、-COOM(Mは、上記のとおりである。)である請求項2に記載の製造方法。
- 化合物(1)が、フッ素を含有しない化合物である請求項1~3のいずれかに記載の製造方法。
- 化合物(1)の量が、前記水性媒体に対して、3~5000質量ppmである請求項1~4のいずれかに記載の製造方法。
- 化合物(1)を添加した後、重合開始剤を添加することにより、含フッ素単量体の重合を開始する請求項1~5のいずれかに記載の製造方法。
- 前記含フッ素単量体が、ビニリデンフルオライドまたはテトラフルオロエチレンである請求項1~6のいずれかに記載の製造方法。
- 前記含フッ素単量体が、ビニリデンフルオライドである請求項1~7のいずれかに記載の製造方法。
- さらに、一般式(A)で表される含フッ素化合物(A)の存在下に、前記含フッ素単量体を重合する請求項1~8のいずれかに記載の製造方法。
一般式(A):CXiXk=CXjRa-(CZ1Z2)k-Y3
(式中、Xi、XjおよびXkは、それぞれ独立して、F、Cl、HまたはCF3であり;
Y3は、親水基であり;
Raは連結基であり;
Z1およびZ2は、それぞれ独立して、H、FまたはCF3であり;
kは0または1である。
但し、Xi、Xk、Xj、Ra、Z1およびZ2の少なくとも1つはFを含む。
但し、kが0である場合、Raは単結合以外の連結基である。) - さらに連鎖移動剤の存在下に、前記含フッ素単量体を重合する請求項1~9のいずれかに記載の製造方法。
- 10~120℃で前記含フッ素単量体を重合する請求項1~10のいずれかに記載の製造方法。
- 0.5~10MPaGで前記含フッ素単量体を重合する請求項1~11のいずれかに記載の製造方法。
- 前記含フッ素エラストマーが、主鎖に-CH2-を含有する請求項1~12のいずれかに記載の製造方法。
- 前記含フッ素エラストマーのムーニー粘度(ML1+10(100℃))が、10~130である請求項1~13のいずれかに記載の製造方法。
- 前記含フッ素エラストマーの平均粒子径が、500nm以下である請求項1~14のいずれかに記載の製造方法。
- 三重結合およびアニオン性の親水基を有する化合物(1)に基づく単量体単位を含有する含フッ素エラストマー。
- 請求項16に記載の含フッ素エラストマーおよび水性媒体を含有する水性分散液。
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