WO2005036143A1 - 蛍光色素の濃度を定量する方法およびシステム - Google Patents
蛍光色素の濃度を定量する方法およびシステム Download PDFInfo
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- WO2005036143A1 WO2005036143A1 PCT/JP2004/014968 JP2004014968W WO2005036143A1 WO 2005036143 A1 WO2005036143 A1 WO 2005036143A1 JP 2004014968 W JP2004014968 W JP 2004014968W WO 2005036143 A1 WO2005036143 A1 WO 2005036143A1
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
- G01N21/62—Systems in which the material investigated is excited whereby it emits light or causes a change in wavelength of the incident light
- G01N21/63—Systems in which the material investigated is excited whereby it emits light or causes a change in wavelength of the incident light optically excited
- G01N21/64—Fluorescence; Phosphorescence
- G01N21/645—Specially adapted constructive features of fluorimeters
- G01N21/6456—Spatial resolved fluorescence measurements; Imaging
- G01N21/6458—Fluorescence microscopy
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
- G01N21/62—Systems in which the material investigated is excited whereby it emits light or causes a change in wavelength of the incident light
- G01N21/63—Systems in which the material investigated is excited whereby it emits light or causes a change in wavelength of the incident light optically excited
- G01N21/64—Fluorescence; Phosphorescence
- G01N21/6428—Measuring fluorescence of fluorescent products of reactions or of fluorochrome labelled reactive substances, e.g. measuring quenching effects, using measuring "optrodes"
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
- G01N21/62—Systems in which the material investigated is excited whereby it emits light or causes a change in wavelength of the incident light
- G01N21/63—Systems in which the material investigated is excited whereby it emits light or causes a change in wavelength of the incident light optically excited
- G01N21/64—Fluorescence; Phosphorescence
- G01N2021/6417—Spectrofluorimetric devices
- G01N2021/6419—Excitation at two or more wavelengths
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
- G01N21/62—Systems in which the material investigated is excited whereby it emits light or causes a change in wavelength of the incident light
- G01N21/63—Systems in which the material investigated is excited whereby it emits light or causes a change in wavelength of the incident light optically excited
- G01N21/64—Fluorescence; Phosphorescence
- G01N2021/6417—Spectrofluorimetric devices
- G01N2021/6421—Measuring at two or more wavelengths
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
- G01N21/62—Systems in which the material investigated is excited whereby it emits light or causes a change in wavelength of the incident light
- G01N21/63—Systems in which the material investigated is excited whereby it emits light or causes a change in wavelength of the incident light optically excited
- G01N21/64—Fluorescence; Phosphorescence
- G01N2021/6417—Spectrofluorimetric devices
- G01N2021/6423—Spectral mapping, video display
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
- G01N21/62—Systems in which the material investigated is excited whereby it emits light or causes a change in wavelength of the incident light
- G01N21/63—Systems in which the material investigated is excited whereby it emits light or causes a change in wavelength of the incident light optically excited
- G01N21/64—Fluorescence; Phosphorescence
- G01N21/6428—Measuring fluorescence of fluorescent products of reactions or of fluorochrome labelled reactive substances, e.g. measuring quenching effects, using measuring "optrodes"
- G01N2021/6439—Measuring fluorescence of fluorescent products of reactions or of fluorochrome labelled reactive substances, e.g. measuring quenching effects, using measuring "optrodes" with indicators, stains, dyes, tags, labels, marks
- G01N2021/6441—Measuring fluorescence of fluorescent products of reactions or of fluorochrome labelled reactive substances, e.g. measuring quenching effects, using measuring "optrodes" with indicators, stains, dyes, tags, labels, marks with two or more labels
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
- G01N21/62—Systems in which the material investigated is excited whereby it emits light or causes a change in wavelength of the incident light
- G01N21/63—Systems in which the material investigated is excited whereby it emits light or causes a change in wavelength of the incident light optically excited
- G01N21/64—Fluorescence; Phosphorescence
- G01N21/645—Specially adapted constructive features of fluorimeters
- G01N2021/6463—Optics
- G01N2021/6471—Special filters, filter wheel
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
- G01N21/17—Systems in which incident light is modified in accordance with the properties of the material investigated
- G01N21/25—Colour; Spectral properties, i.e. comparison of effect of material on the light at two or more different wavelengths or wavelength bands
- G01N21/27—Colour; Spectral properties, i.e. comparison of effect of material on the light at two or more different wavelengths or wavelength bands using photo-electric detection ; circuits for computing concentration
- G01N21/274—Calibration, base line adjustment, drift correction
Definitions
- the present invention relates to quantification of the concentration of a fluorescent dye contained in a sample.
- a filter set including a dichroic filter and a bandpass filter according to a fluorescent dye is used.
- one filter set can be fixedly used.
- two or more fluorescent dyes it is necessary to replace and use multiple filter sets during sample measurement.
- Replacing the filter set changes the optical system slightly, which affects the accuracy of the quantification.
- replacement of the filter set causes a difference in measurement time between different fluorescent dyes. This is not preferred for measuring live samples.
- the above method has a point to be improved in terms of quantitative accuracy. If the peak wavelengths of multiple fluorescent dyes included in the sample are close to each other, the tails of the multiple fluorescent spectra overlap. In this case, even if a band-pass filter is used, it is not possible to extract only the wavelength component corresponding to a single fluorescent dye, and the fluorescent component passing through the filter is mixed with the wavelength component of another fluorescent dye. I will. This reduces the accuracy of the quantification of the fluorescent dye. Disclosure of the invention
- An object of the present invention is to accurately quantify the concentrations of a plurality of fluorescent dyes.
- the present invention relates to a method for quantifying the concentration of a fluorescent dye in a sample.
- the concentration of the first-first m-th (m is an integer of 2 or more) fluorescent dye contained in the target sample is changed to the first-first-k-th (k is an integer of 2 or more) detection wavelength band.
- Quantification is performed using an imaging device provided. Adjacent detection wavelength bands partially overlap.
- a first-first m-th reference sample containing each of the first-first m-th fluorescent dye alone at a predetermined unit concentration is prepared, and the intensity of fluorescence emitted from each reference sample in each detection wavelength band is measured. Get.
- a fluorescent image of the target sample is imaged in each detection wavelength band using an imaging device. Thereafter, the calculation represented by the following equation is executed to calculate the concentration c-c of the first-first m-th fluorescent dye at a certain site of the target sample.
- J is a matrix of k X m, and the i-th row and j-th column component J of J (i is an integer of 1 or more and k or less, j is an integer of 1 or more and m or less) is the number of the fluorescence emitted from the j-th reference sample. i This is the measured intensity in the detection wavelength band.
- the above-described imaging device may include a multi-band camera having the first to k-th detection wavelength bands.
- the fluorescence image of each reference sample is imaged in each detection wavelength band using the multi-band camera, and the part of each reference sample that emits fluorescence is acquired. May be obtained from each fluorescence image. Concentration of the 1st-1st m-th fluorescent dye c
- the value of the pixel obtained from the fluorescence image of the sample may be used as the component j of the system.
- the fluorescence intensity of both the reference sample and the target sample can be measured using the same multi-band camera. Therefore, the concentration of the fluorescent dye can be easily determined.
- the imaging device may include a multi-band camera having the first to k-th detection wavelength bands.
- the spectral intensity of the fluorescence emitted from each reference sample is measured using a spectrometer, and the spectral intensity and each detection wavelength band of the multi-band camera are measured.
- the measurement intensity of the fluorescence emitted from each reference sample in each detection wavelength band may be calculated.
- the measurement intensity of the fluorescence emitted from the reference sample in each detection wavelength band can be obtained using a spectroscope instead of directly using an imaging device.
- the present invention relates to a method for quantifying the concentration of a first-first m-th (m is an integer of 2 or more) fluorescent dye contained in a target sample using an imaging device.
- the imaging device has different first-to-first k-th (k is an integer of 2 or more) detection wavelength bands and first-first-q (q is an integer of 2 or more) sensitivity modes for setting different sensitivity characteristics of the imaging device And Adjacent detection wavelength bands partially overlap.
- a first-first m-th reference sample containing each of the first-first m-th fluorescent dye alone at a predetermined unit concentration is prepared, and each detection wavelength band and each sensitivity mode of fluorescence emitted from each reference sample are prepared. Get the measured intensity at.
- a fluorescence image of the target sample is captured in each detection wavelength band and each sensitivity mode using an imaging device. Thereafter, the calculation represented by the following equation is executed to obtain the concentration c of the first-first m-th fluorescent dye at a certain site of the target sample c
- P (v is an integer of 1 or more and q or less) is a matrix of kX1
- the i-th row component P of P (i is an integer of 1 or more and k or less) is the i-th row component using the imaging device.
- J is a matrix of (k 'q) X m
- the i-th row component L of the component matrix L of J (j is an integer from 1 to m) is the i-th detection wavelength band of the fluorescence that also emits the j-th reference sample force.
- the measured intensity in the Vth sensitivity mode is a matrix of kX1
- the above calculation formula is not affected by the overlap of the fluorescence spectra of a plurality of fluorescent dyes contained in the target sample. Therefore, according to this quantification method, the concentrations of a plurality of fluorescent dyes having overlapping fluorescent spectra can be determined with high accuracy.
- the number of fluorescent dyes that can be quantified by this method is (number of detection wavelength bands) X (number of sensitivity modes). Therefore, the number of fluorescent dyes that can be quantified can be increased according to the number of sensitivity modes.
- the present invention provides a method for measuring the concentration of a first-first m-th (m is an integer of 2 or more) fluorescent dye contained in a target sample by different first-first k-th (k is 2 or more) Quantitation using an imaging device having a detection wavelength band of (integer). Adjacent detection wavelength bands partially overlap.
- a first m-th reference sample containing each of the first m-th fluorescent dye alone at a predetermined unit concentration is prepared, and a first-first m-th fluorescent dye having a different wavelength spectrum is prepared.
- each of the first-first r-th (r is an integer of 2 or more) excitation light to the first-first m-th reference sample, and measure the intensity of fluorescence emitted from each reference sample in each detection wavelength band. To get.
- the target sample is irradiated with each excitation light, and a fluorescent image of the target sample is captured in each detection wavelength band using an imaging device. After that, the calculation represented by the following equation is executed to calculate the concentration c of the first-first m-th fluorescent dye at a certain site of the target sample.
- Q u (u is an integer of 1 or more and r or less) is a matrix of k X 1
- the i-th row component of Q (i is an integer of 1 or more and k or less) is used for irradiation of the u-th excitation light. Accordingly, it is the value of the pixel corresponding to the above site in the fluorescence image of the target sample imaged in the i-th detection wavelength band.
- the above equation is not affected by the overlap of the fluorescence spectra of a plurality of fluorescent dyes contained in the target sample. Therefore, according to this quantification method, the concentrations of a plurality of fluorescent dyes having overlapping fluorescent spectra can be determined with high accuracy.
- the number of fluorescent dyes that can be quantified by this method is (the number of detection wavelength bands) X (the number of types of excitation light). Therefore, the number of quantifiable fluorescent dyes can be increased according to the number of types of excitation light.
- the imaging device converts the fluorescence image of the target sample into the first to k-th images.
- the image processing apparatus may include one or more image sensors that generate an image signal in the detection wavelength band to generate the first-first k-th image signal, and an arithmetic circuit that receives the first-first k-th image signal.
- the calculation circuit calculates the density c-c of the first-first m-th fluorescent pixel using the first-first k-th image signal.
- the arithmetic circuit calculates the concentrations c-c at a plurality of portions of the target sample, and expresses the concentration distribution of the first to m-th fluorescent dyes.
- the method may further include generating the first-first m-th image signal.
- the imaging device calculates the concentration of the fluorescent dye using the fluorescence image signal of the target sample obtained by itself, and generates an image signal representing the concentration distribution. Therefore, this quantification method can promptly present quantification results.
- the present invention relates to a system for quantifying the concentration of a first-first m-th (m is an integer of 2 or more) fluorescent dye contained in a target sample.
- This system includes a photodetector, an imaging device, and an arithmetic device.
- the photodetector detects the fluorescence emitted from each of the first-first m-th reference samples containing each of the first-first m-th fluorescent dye alone at a predetermined unit concentration, and measures the intensity of the fluorescence.
- the imaging device has different first to first k (k is an integer of 2 or more) detection wavelength bands, and captures a fluorescence image of the target sample in each detection wavelength band. Adjacent detection wavelength bands partially overlap.
- the arithmetic unit calculates the concentration c-c of the first-first m-th fluorescent dye at a certain site of the target sample by executing the calculation represented by the following equation:
- O-1 O is the fluorescence image of the target sample imaged at the 1st-1kth detection wavelength band.
- J is a matrix of k X m
- the i-th row and j-th column component J of J (i is an integer of 1 or more and k or less, j is an integer of 1 or more and m or less) is a j-th element measured by the photodetector. It is the intensity in the i-th detection wavelength band of the fluorescence that also emits the reference sample force.
- the above equation is not affected by the overlap of the fluorescence spectra of a plurality of fluorescent dyes contained in the target sample. For this reason, according to this quantification system, the concentrations of a plurality of fluorescent dyes having overlapping fluorescent spectra can be accurately determined.
- the photodetector and the imaging device may be a multiband camera having a first-first k-th (k is an integer of 2 or more) detection wavelength band.
- the photodetector may capture a fluorescence image of each reference sample in each detection wavelength band, and acquire a value of a pixel indicating a part of each reference sample that emits fluorescence from each fluorescence image card.
- the arithmetic device may use the value of the pixel acquired from the fluorescence image of the j-th reference sample captured in the i-th detection wavelength band as the component J of the matrix. In this case, the fluorescence intensity of both the reference sample and the target sample can be measured using the same multi-band camera. Therefore, the concentration of the fluorescent dye can be easily determined.
- the photodetector may include a spectrometer that measures the spectral intensity of the fluorescence emitted from each reference sample.
- the imaging device may include a multi-band camera having the first-first to k-th detection wavelength bands.
- the arithmetic unit calculates the intensity of the fluorescence emitted from each reference sample in each detection wavelength band using the spectral intensity measured by the spectrometer and the sensitivity characteristics of the multi-band camera for each detection wavelength band. May be used as a component of the system IJ [[. As described above, the measurement intensity in each detection wavelength band of the fluorescence emitted from the reference sample can be obtained using a spectroscope instead of directly using the imaging device.
- the present invention relates to a system for quantifying the concentration of a first-first m-th (m is an integer of 2 or more) fluorescent dye contained in a target sample.
- This system includes a photodetector, an imaging device, and an arithmetic device.
- the photodetector detects the fluorescence emitted from each of the first-first m-th reference samples that individually includes each of the first-first m-th fluorescent dyes at a predetermined unit concentration, and measures the intensity of the fluorescence.
- the imaging device has different 1st-1st k (k is an integer of 2 or more) detection wavelength bands and 1st-1st q (q is an integer of 2 or more) sensitivity modes for setting different sensitivity characteristics of the imaging device. And Adjacent detection wavelength bands partially overlap.
- This imaging device captures a fluorescence image of a target sample in each detection wavelength band and each sensitivity characteristic.
- the calculation device executes the calculation represented by the following formula to calculate the concentration c of the first-first m-th fluorescent dye at a certain site of the target sample.
- P (v is an integer of 1 or more and q or less) is a matrix of kX1
- the i-th row component P of P (i is an integer of 1 or more and k or less) is the i-th detection wavelength band and the This is the value of the pixel corresponding to the above site in the fluorescence image of the target sample captured in the V sensitivity mode.
- J is a matrix of (k 'q) X m
- the i-th row component L of J's component matrix L (j is an integer from 1 to m) is the j-th reference sample
- the above formula is not affected by the overlap of the fluorescence spectra of a plurality of fluorescent dyes contained in the target sample. For this reason, according to this quantification system, the concentrations of a plurality of fluorescent dyes having overlapping fluorescent spectra can be accurately determined.
- the number of fluorescent dyes that can be quantified by this system is (number of detection wavelength bands) X (number of sensitivity modes). Therefore, the number of quantifiable fluorescent dyes can be increased according to the number of sensitivity modes.
- the present invention relates to a system for quantifying the concentration of a first-first m-th (m is an integer of 2 or more) fluorescent dye contained in a target sample.
- This system includes a light source, a light detector, an imaging device, and an arithmetic device.
- the light source generates a first-first r-th (r is an integer of 2 or more) excitation light having different wavelengths and exciting all the first-first m-th fluorescent dyes.
- the photodetector detects the intensity of the fluorescence emitted from each reference sample in response to the irradiation of each excitation light to the first-first m-th reference sample containing each of the first-first m-th fluorescent dye alone at a predetermined unit concentration. Measure.
- the imaging device has different first-to-first k (k is an integer of 2 or more) detected wavelength bands. Adjacent detection wavelength bands partially overlap.
- the imaging device is The fluorescence image of the target sample is captured in each detection wavelength band in response to the irradiation of each excitation light to one get sample.
- the calculation device executes the calculation represented by the following equation to calculate the concentration c1 c of the first-first m-th fluorescent dye at a certain site of the target sample.
- Q u (u is an integer of 1 or more and r or less) is a matrix of kX1
- the i-th row component Q of Q u (i is an integer of 1 or more and k or less) is irradiated with the u-th excitation light.
- I the value of the pixel corresponding to the above site in the fluorescence image of the target sample imaged in the i-th detection wavelength band in accordance with.
- the above calculation formula is not affected by the overlap of the fluorescence spectra of a plurality of fluorescent dyes contained in the target sample. For this reason, according to this quantification system, the concentrations of a plurality of fluorescent dyes having overlapping fluorescent spectra can be accurately determined.
- the number of fluorescent dyes that can be quantified by this system is (number of detection wavelength bands) X (number of types of excitation light). Therefore, the number of fluorescent dyes that can be quantified can be increased according to the number of types of excitation light.
- the imaging device includes one or more imaging elements that capture the fluorescence image of the target sample in the first to kth detection wavelength bands and generate the first to kth image signals. And an arithmetic circuit as the arithmetic device described above.
- the first-first k-th image signal is input to this arithmetic circuit.
- the arithmetic circuit executes an arithmetic operation using the first-first to k-th image signals, calculates the concentrations c-c at a plurality of portions of the target sample, and calculates the first-first to m-th images.
- a first-m-th image signal representing the concentration distribution of the fluorescent dye may be generated.
- the imaging device calculates the concentration of the fluorescent dye using the fluorescence image signal of the target sample obtained by itself, and generates an image signal representing the concentration distribution. Therefore, this quantification system can promptly present quantification results.
- FIG. 1 is a block diagram showing a configuration of an example of a fluorescent dye quantification system.
- FIG. 2 is a flowchart showing a procedure for quantifying the concentration of a fluorescent dye.
- FIG. 3 is a diagram for explaining a second stage of quantification.
- FIG. 4 is a diagram showing an example of a method of expressing a quantitative result.
- FIG. 5 is a diagram showing an example of a method of expressing a quantitative result.
- FIG. 6 is a diagram showing an example of a method of expressing a quantitative result.
- FIG. 7 is a block diagram showing a configuration of another example of a fluorescent dye quantification system.
- FIG. 8 is a diagram showing the relationship between the Ca 2+ concentration and the fluorescence intensity ratio.
- FIG. 9 is a diagram showing sensitivity characteristics of a three-band camera.
- FIG. 10 is a diagram showing spectral data obtained from a target sample in which AlexaFluor and Cascade Yellow are mixed.
- FIG. 11 is a diagram showing spectroscopic data obtained from a target sample in which Fura2 and CascadeYellow are mixed.
- FIG. 12 is a diagram showing spectral data measured through a band-pass filter from a target sample in which AlexaFluor and Cascade Yellow are mixed.
- FIG. 13 is a diagram showing spectroscopic data obtained through a bandpass filter from a target sample in which Fura2 and CascadeYellow are mixed.
- FIG. 14 is a graph showing the concentrations of Alexa Fluor and Cascade Yellow calculated in the first and second examples.
- FIG. 15 shows Alexa Fluor and Cascade calculated in the third example and the comparative example. It is a figure which shows the density of Yellow.
- FIG. 16 is a diagram showing the concentrations of Fura2 and Cascade Yellow calculated in the first and second examples.
- FIG. 17 is a diagram showing the concentrations of Fura2 and Cascade Yellow calculated in Example 3 and Comparative Example.
- FIG. 18 is a diagram showing measured fluorescence spectra of a reference sample and a target sample.
- FIG. 19 is a diagram showing a fluorescence spectrum of a target sample calculated using the concentration of the fluorescent dye obtained in the first example.
- FIG. 20 is a diagram showing a fluorescence spectrum of a target sample calculated using the concentration of the fluorescent dye obtained in the second example.
- FIG. 21 is a block diagram showing a configuration of another example of a fluorescent dye quantification system.
- FIG. 22 is a view showing various data concerning the quantification of a fluorescent dye.
- FIG. 23 is a block diagram showing an electronic circuit mounted on the multi-band camera.
- FIG. 24 is a photograph showing an image acquired in the eighth embodiment.
- FIG. 25 is a photograph showing an image obtained in a comparative example.
- FIG. 26 is a diagram showing sensitivity characteristics of a four-band camera.
- FIG. 1 is a block diagram showing the configuration of the fluorescent dye quantification system of the present embodiment.
- the quantification system 100 has a light source 10, a fluorescence microscope 20, a multiband camera 30, and a personal computer 40. A display device 42 and a printer 44 are connected to the computer 40.
- the quantification system 100 quantifies the concentration of the fluorescent dye contained in the target sample.
- the quantification system 100 can quantify the concentrations of up to three types of fluorescent dyes. In the present embodiment, it is already known what the fluorescent dye contained in the target sample is.
- the light source 10 generates light for exciting the sample 1 and irradiates the sample 1 with the light.
- the light source 10 includes a Xe lamp 10a that emits white light and a multicolor LED 10 Ob, and one of them is selectively used. Whether to use the Xe lamp 10a or the LEDlOb is controlled by the computer 40. In the present embodiment, the Xe lamp 10a is used.
- the fluorescence microscope 20 acquires an optical image of the fluorescence emitted from the sample 1 by irradiation of light from the light source 10 at a predetermined magnification, and sends it to the multi-band camera 30.
- the fluorescence microscope 20 has a band-pass filter 22 that receives light from the light source 10 and a band-pass filter 24 that receives fluorescence emitted from the sample 1.
- the bandpass filter 22 is used to remove wavelength components unnecessary for exciting the fluorescent dye contained in the sample 1 from the light power of the light source 10.
- the bandpass filter 24 is used to block light having a wavelength different from the fluorescence emitted from the fluorescent dye contained in the sample 1.
- the multi-band camera 30 is an imaging device that receives an optical image of fluorescence from the fluorescence microscope 20 and generates electrical image data thereof.
- the multi-band camera 30 has three different detection wavelength bands, and has sensitivity in these detection wavelength bands. These detection bands usually correspond to R (red), G (green) and B (blue).
- these detection wavelength bands are referred to as an R wavelength band, a G wavelength band, and a B wavelength band. Adjacent detection wavelength bands partially overlap. That is, the R wavelength band and the G wavelength band partially overlap, and the G wavelength band and the B wavelength band also partially overlap.
- the multi-band camera 30 includes three image pickup devices (for example, a CCD) corresponding to these detection wavelength bands and a color separation prism that separates the wavelength component of the input light into three detection wavelength bands and sends them to the corresponding image pickup devices. Is included.
- the multiband camera 30 may include one image sensor (for example, a CCD) on which a color mosaic filter or the like is printed.
- the multiband camera 30 detects a fluorescent image in each of the R, G, and B wavelength bands and generates R, G, and B outputs corresponding to those wavelength bands.
- the R, G, and B outputs are the image data of the fluorescent images detected in the G and B wavelength bands, respectively. This image data has a value indicating the intensity of the fluorescence in each pixel. Each pixel corresponds to one site of sample 1.
- the multi-band camera 30 has two operation modes. One is the High Light mode, which has standard sensitivity characteristics, and the other is the Low Light mode, in which the overall sensitivity is slightly higher than the standard. In the present embodiment, the camera 30 operates only in the High Light mode.
- the computer 40 is a device that controls the quantitative determination of the fluorescent dye by the quantitative system 100.
- the computer 40 sends a light source switching signal to the light source 10 and controls whether to use the Xe lamp 10a or the LED 10b.
- the computer 40 also functions as an arithmetic device that calculates the concentration of each fluorescent dye in the target sample using the fluorescence image data of the target sample obtained by the multiband camera 30.
- the computer 40 has a storage device for storing software for this control and calculation. This software may be read from the recording medium 46 into a storage device.
- the computer 40 executes the above control and calculation according to the software.
- FIG. 2 is a flowchart showing the procedure of quantification. This quantification method is roughly divided into two stages. Steps S202 and S204 correspond to the first stage, and steps S206 to S212 correspond to the second stage.
- a reference sample is created to acquire the basic data (step S202).
- the reference sample is a sample containing each of the plurality of fluorescent dyes contained in the target sample alone. Therefore, the same number of reference samples are prepared as the number of fluorescent dyes in the target sample.
- Each reference sample contains each fluorescent dye at a predetermined concentration. Hereinafter, this density is called a unit density. The unit concentration may be different for each reference sample.
- the fluorescence image data of each reference sample is obtained using the quantitative system 100 (step S204).
- White light is emitted from the Xe lamp 10a, passes through the bandpass filter 22, and irradiates the reference sample.
- the fluorescent dye in the reference sample is excited and emits fluorescence.
- the light transmitted through the bandpass filter 22 has a wavelength spectrum capable of exciting all the reference samples.
- the multi-band camera 30 receives a fluorescence image of the reference sample via the fluorescence microscope 20, and converts the fluorescence image into image data.
- Fluorescence image is the R, G and B wavelengths of the multiband camera 30 Detected in each of the bands. Therefore, the multi-band camera 30 generates three image data obtained in three detection wavelength bands for one reference sample. These image data are sent to the computer 40 and stored in a storage device in the computer 40. This is the basic data obtained for one reference sample. Similar measurements are made for all reference samples and basic data is stored. This concludes the first stage of quantification.
- Each pixel of each basic data has a value indicating the fluorescence intensity measured using the multi-band camera 30.
- Pixel values obtained in the R, G, and B wavelength bands are sometimes referred to as the R, G, and B values, respectively.
- the concentration of each fluorescent dye in the target sample is calculated using the basic data.
- the Xe lamp 10a also irradiates the target sample with light via the band-pass filter 22 to excite all fluorescent dyes in the target sample, and obtains a fluorescent image of the target sample (step S206).
- the concentration of the fluorescent dye changes every moment in accordance with the activity state of the target sample, such as when the target sample is a living cell, it is necessary to continuously measure the change. It may be performed several times.
- the intensity of the light emitted from the Xe lamp 10a is the same as when exciting the reference sample for acquiring the reference data.
- the multi-band camera 30 receives a fluorescence image emitted from the sample 1 via the fluorescence microscope 20 and converts it into image data.
- the fluorescent image is detected in each of the R, G, and B wavelength bands of the multiband camera 30. Therefore, as shown in FIG. 3, the multi-band camera 30 generates three image data 51-53 acquired in three detection wavelength bands for the target sample. These image data are sent to the computer 40.
- these image data may be referred to as target data.
- the computer 40 calculates the concentration of the fluorescent dye for each pixel using the target data acquired in step S206 and the basic data acquired in step S204 (step S208).
- the quantification of the concentration of the fluorescent dye in one portion of the target sample will be described.
- One part of the target sample corresponds to one pixel in the fluorescence image.
- the target sample contains two types of fluorescent dyes Shall be. In this case, two types of reference samples are prepared in step S202.
- the computer 40 obtains the concentrations c and c of the first and second fluorescent dyes at one site in the target sample by the calculation represented by the following equation. Note that this concentration c and c
- 1 2 1 2 is the unit concentration described above, that is, the concentration of the first and second fluorescent dyes in the first and second reference samples. Therefore, the actual concentration of the first fluorescent dye is a value obtained by multiplying the unit concentration of the first fluorescent dye by c, and the actual concentration of the second fluorescent dye is obtained by adding c to the unit concentration of the second fluorescent dye. This is the value obtained by multiplication. This also applies to other embodiments described later.
- the line indicates the basic data acquired in step S204.
- step S204 was obtained in step S204 for the second reference sample containing only the second fluorescent dye.
- R, G and B are steps tgt tgt tgt for the target sample
- Equation (1) J T represents the transpose of the row IJ [[. The above equation will be described later in detail.
- the computer 40 executes the calculation of the expression (1) for all the pixels, and obtains the concentrations of the first and second fluorescent dyes for each pixel. As a result, as shown in FIG. 3, the concentration distribution data 61 and 62 of the two fluorescent dyes are obtained.
- the computer 40 generates image data for displaying a quantitative result using the density distribution data 61 and 62 (step S210).
- This image data shows the concentration distribution of the two fluorescent dyes on the target sample.
- This image data is sent to the display device 42.
- an image 63 indicating the concentration distribution of the fluorescent dye on the target sample is displayed on the display device 42 together with the color bar 64. Is displayed (step S212).
- the computer 40 can also print the density distribution image 63 and the color rubber 64 using the printer 44.
- 1 2 tgt tgt and B are R, G and t t of the multiband camera 30 for one part of the target sample.
- r, g, and b are sensitivity characteristics of the multiband camera 30 in the R, G, and B wavelength bands.
- f-c is the intensity of fluorescence having a certain wavelength emitted from the first fluorescent dye in the target sample.
- f -c is the intensity of the fluorescence having a certain wavelength that also emits the second fluorochrome force in the target sample. Since the addition theorem holds, the sum of the fluorescence intensities having a certain wavelength is (f-c + f-c)
- the multiband camera 30 detects this fluorescence intensity in each of the R, G and B wavelength bands.
- the R value obtained from the target sample is obtained by multiplying the total fluorescence intensity (fc + f-c) at each wavelength by the sensitivity characteristic r of the scale wavelength band, and Is integrated over all wavelengths.
- the G value or ⁇ value obtained from the target sample is obtained by multiplying the total fluorescence intensity (f-c + f-c) by the sensitivity characteristic g or b in the 0 wavelength band or the B wavelength band.
- the R, G, and B values of the fluorescence from the target sample are determined based on the fluorescence intensity at each wavelength and the sensitivity of the camera 30 corresponding to the wavelength. This is a value obtained by multiplying and integrating over all wavelengths.
- An example of the sensitivity characteristics of the multi-band camera 30 is shown in FIG. This figure will be described later.
- the R, G, and B values of the fluorescence of the target sample are calculated by multiplying the following matrix by the concentration matrix of the fluorescent dye.
- the three components in the first column are measured using a multi-band camera 30 to measure the fluorescence intensity at the unit concentration of the first fluorescent dye.
- R, G and B values obtained by This is equal to Rf, Gf and Bf described above obtained by measurement of the first reference sample.
- the three components in the second column of the column are R, G, and B values obtained by measuring the fluorescence intensity of the second fluorescent dye at a unit concentration using the multiband camera 30. This corresponds to the Rf, Gf and Bf described above obtained from the measurement of the second reference sample.
- equation (1) By transforming equation (5), the above equation (1) is obtained.
- the computer 40 executes the calculation of the above equation (1) using the basic data J to calculate the concentrations c and c of the fluorescent dye in each pixel.
- the target sample contains the first-first m-th (m is an integer of 2 or more) fluorescent dye
- the multi-band camera uses different first-first k-th (k is an integer of 2 or more). It has a detection wavelength band.
- O-O is the first using a multi-band camera
- J is a matrix of k X m.
- the i-th row and j-th column component J of J (i is an integer of 1 or more and k or less, j is an integer of 1 or more and m or less) is the i This is the measured intensity in the detection wavelength band.
- J is the same pixel value as o 1 -O in the fluorescence image of the j-th reference sample captured in the i-th detection wavelength band using the multi-band camera.
- k J ij o 1—It is not necessary to have the same pixel value as ok.
- the value of any one pixel corresponding to the site may be set to J, and this J may be commonly used in the quantitative calculation for all pixels. In this case, the pixel of J does not always coincide with the pixel of o1o.
- FIG. 4 shows an example of the expression method.
- the concentration distributions of the two fluorescent dyes contained in the target sample are expressed as monochrome images 71 and 72.
- images 71 and 72 the concentration of the fluorescent dye depends on the brightness. expressed.
- a monochrome bar 73 is displayed in addition to the density distribution.
- the concentration distribution of each fluorescent dye may be displayed using a false color.
- FIG. 5 will be described in more detail later.
- the ratio of the concentrations of these fluorescent dyes may be calculated, and the density ratio distribution may be displayed as a monochrome image, or may be displayed using false colors.
- the quantitative results may be expressed by plotting the concentrations of the fluorescent dyes in all the pixels in a three-dimensional color space.
- Figure 6 shows an example of an expression method that uses a three-dimensional color space.
- the fluorescent color density is plotted in the L * a * b * space that is a uniform color space.
- the a * axis indicates the color corresponding to the first fluorescent dye
- the b * axis indicates the color corresponding to the second fluorescent dye.
- the L * axis indicates brightness.
- the two-dimensional position in FIG. 6 indicates the concentration ratio of the two fluorescent dyes.
- a filter for extracting a wavelength component used for exciting one fluorescent dye from output light of a light source and a filter for extracting a wavelength component corresponding to the fluorescent dye from fluorescence emitted from a sample that is, a filter set is used.
- This filter set is prepared for each fluorescent dye and installed in a fluorescent microscope. For example, a filter set for observing mainly blue fluorescence with ultraviolet excitation, a filter set for observing mainly green fluorescence with blue excitation, and a filter set for observing mainly red fluorescence with green excitation are available. Is done.
- the fluorescent images from each fluorescent dye are captured by a monochrome camera while appropriately switching these filter sets. The value of each pixel is treated as indicating the concentration of the fluorescent dye
- the concentration of the fluorescent dye is calculated by using the calculation formula without being affected by the overlap of the fluorescent spectra of the fluorescent dye. For this reason, it is possible to accurately determine the concentration of the fluorescent dye regardless of whether or not the fluorescent spectra overlap. This is even more apparent by referring to the examples described below.
- quantification is performed by acquiring a fluorescence image of the target sample using the multiband camera 30 without switching the filter set.
- the method of the present embodiment can simultaneously determine the concentrations of a plurality of fluorescent dyes, and thus can be suitably used even when the target is a biological sample. Further, since the optical system is not changed during the quantification, the concentrations of a plurality of fluorescent dyes can be obtained with uniform accuracy. Therefore, the concentration of the fluorescent dye obtained by the method of the present embodiment is highly reliable.
- the fluorescent dye quantification system 200 of the present embodiment has a spectroscope 35 in addition to the configuration of the quantification system 100 described above.
- the spectroscope 35 is arranged so as to be able to receive the fluorescence image acquired by the fluorescence microscope 20.
- the fluorescence microscope 20 may have an optical element for sending a fluorescence image to both the camera 30 and the spectroscope 35, for example, a mirror.
- the spectroscope 35 may be installed in exchange for the camera 30.
- This embodiment is different from the first embodiment in the method of acquiring the basic data in step S204 described above. That is, in the present embodiment, the basic data is acquired using the spectroscope 35 instead of the multiband camera 30. In this case, the same advantages as in the first embodiment can be obtained. Other quantification procedures in the present embodiment are the same as those in the first embodiment.
- the basic data J obtained using the multi-band camera 30 is obtained by dividing the fluorescence from the reference sample in each of the R, G, and B wavelength bands of the multi-band camera 30 as shown in the above equation (2). This is a pixel value obtained by measurement. As shown in the above equation (6), these pixel values are obtained by multiplying the fluorescence intensity at each wavelength of the fluorescent dye under the unit concentration by the sensitivity characteristic of the camera 30 corresponding to that wavelength, and This is a value integrated over all wavelengths. This integral can be approximately rewritten as
- ⁇ , 22,..., ⁇ represent spectral wavelength bands obtained by dividing the entire wavelength range by an arbitrary width.
- ⁇ is an integer of 2 or more and represents the number of spectral wavelength bands.
- r, g, and b (t is an integer of 1 ⁇ ) indicate the R, G, and B sensitivity characteristics of the multiband camera 30 at the spectral wavelength band t.
- f and f are emitted from unit concentrations of the first and second fluorescent dyes
- the fluorescence intensity of the first and second fluorescent dyes at a unit concentration in these spectral wavelength bands can be measured using the spectroscope 35.
- the unit concentration of the first and second fluorescent dyes in the spectral wavelength band 1 ⁇ 2
- the computer 40 stores the spectral sensitivity characteristics of the multi-band camera 30 corresponding to the first term on the right side of Expression (9) in the storage device.
- the computer 40 executes the calculation of the above equation (9), and calculates the equation shown in the equation (9).
- the computer 40 executes the calculations shown in Expressions (9) and (10) using the spectral data acquired by using the spectroscope 35 and the spectral sensitivity characteristics of the multi-band camera 30.
- Calculate data J This basic data J is used commonly for calculating the fluorescent dye concentration in all pixels. Even in this case, the fluorescent dye concentration can be quantified with good accuracy.
- the R, G, and B values of the multiband camera 30 are obtained by using the spectral data acquired by the spectroscope 35 and the sensitivity characteristics of the multiband camera 30. And can be calculated. More generally, the R, G, and B values of the multiband camera 30 and the R, G, and B values calculated using the spectral data of the spectrometer 35 are mutually converted using a constant a. be able to. Therefore, not only the reference sample but also the fluorescence from the target sample are measured by the spectrometer 35 to obtain the spectral data, and the spectral data force is also calculated as the R, G, and B values.
- the concentration of the fluorescent dye can be obtained without using the camera 30.
- the spectroscope 35 can acquire only spectral data of one portion in the sample at a time. For this reason, when obtaining the distribution of the fluorescent dye concentration, it is more efficient to capture the fluorescent image of the target sample using an imaging device such as the multiband camera 30.
- the computer 40 calculates a spectral spectrum when the target sample contains a fluorescent dye corresponding to the used basic data.
- the computer 40 compares the thus simulated spectroscopic spectrum with the spectroscopic spectrum of the target sample actually measured using the spectroscope, and determines whether or not the degree of fitting is equal to or greater than a predetermined threshold. Is determined.
- the computer 40 specifies the fluorescent dye contained in the target sample by searching for a fluorescent dye that gives a simulated spectrum sufficiently close to the measured total according to such a determination algorithm. If the fluorescent dye is specified, the method of the first embodiment can calculate the concentration of the fluorescent dye on all pixels.
- the present embodiment relates to quantification when there are four or more types of fluorescent dyes contained in the target sample. If the number of fluorescent dyes is four or more, increasing the number of detection wavelength bands of the multi-band camera according to the number of fluorescent dyes enables the quantification of fluorescent dyes up to the same number as the number of detection wavelength bands.In fact, NHK R & D (No. 52, 53-60, 1998), a four-band multi-camera can be obtained. It is difficult to devise an optical system to realize a 5-band or 6-band camera.
- the multiband camera 30 has two sensitivity modes, a Low Light mode and a High Light mode. In Low Light mode, standard sensitivity characteristics are set for each detection wavelength band. All sensitivity is set slightly lower than Low Light mode. In both the Low Light mode and the High Light mode, adjacent detection wavelength bands partially overlap.
- the multi-band camera 30 has two analog circuits having different gains in all detection wavelength bands. In the High Light mode, a circuit with low gain is used in all detection wavelength bands, and in the Low Light mode, a circuit with high gain is used in all detection wavelength bands.
- the R, G and B values in the low light mode of the multiband camera 30 are set to R, G and
- r, g and b are R, G and B in the Low Light mode of the multiband camera 30.
- the six components in the first column of row 1 are the multiband camera obtained by measuring the fluorescence intensity of the first fluorescent dye at a unit concentration in the low light mode and high light mode of the multiband camera 30. R, G and B values of 30. Similarly, for the six components in the second to fifth columns of the column, the fluorescence intensity of the second to sixth fluorescent dyes at a unit concentration is measured in the low light mode and the high light mode of the multiband camera 30.
- the R, G, and B values of the multiband camera 30 obtained as described above. Therefore, all the components of the system can be obtained by detecting the fluorescence emitted from the first and second reference samples in both the Low Light mode and the High Light mode of the multiband camera 30.
- Equation (11) can be rewritten as follows.
- the basic data ⁇ is obtained by measuring the fluorescence of the reference sample, and then the fluorescence from the target sample is detected in both the Low Light mode and the High Light mode of the multiband camera 30, and the obtained R, G
- the concentrations of up to six types of fluorescent dyes can be calculated.
- the ability to quantify up to six types of fluorescent dyes using a three-band camera If a four-band camera is used, up to eight types of fluorescent dyes can be quantified in the same manner. More generally, it is possible to quantify fluorescent dyes up to the number of detection wavelength bands of a multi-band camera multiplied by the number of sensitivity characteristics of the multi-band camera.
- the target sample contains the first-first m-th (m is an integer of 2 or more) fluorescent dye
- the multi-band camera uses different first-first k-th (k is an integer of 2 or more). It has a detection wavelength band and a first-first q (q is an integer of 2 or more) sensitivity mode for setting different sensitivity characteristics to the first-first k-th detection wavelength band.
- 1 k is a matrix of k
- the i-th row component P of matrix P (V is an integer from 1 to q, i is an integer from 1 to k) was imaged using a multiband camera in the i-th detection wavelength band and V-sensitivity mode. This is the value of one pixel in the fluorescence image of the target sample.
- J is a matrix of (k 'q) X m
- the i-th row component L of the component matrix L of J (j is an integer of 1 to m) is the i-th detection wavelength band and the V-th sensitivity of the multiband camera. This is the same pixel value as P in the fluorescence image of the j-th reference sample captured in the mode.
- the present embodiment relates to quantification when the number of types of fluorescent dyes contained in the target sample is four or more.
- two types of sensitivity modes of the multi-band camera are prepared, thereby enabling the quantification of the fluorescent dye up to the number X2 of the detection wavelength bands.
- the sample is excited using a plurality of types of excitation light having different wavelength spectra, thereby enabling the quantitative determination of the fluorescent dye up to the number of detection wavelength bands X the number of types of excitation light. I do.
- a multi-color light source is used as a light source for exciting the sample.
- Use luminous LED10Ob This LEDlOb can emit multiple types of output light with different dominant wavelengths. Each type of output light has a wavelength spectrum that can excite all fluorescent dyes contained in the target sample.
- the basic data is obtained based on the fluorescence generated by irradiating the reference sample with each output light to excite the fluorescent dye.
- the basic data may be obtained by capturing a fluorescence image using a multi-band camera as in the first embodiment, or may be calculated using spectral data of a spectroscope as in the second embodiment. You can.
- the target data is also obtained by irradiating each target light of the LEDlOb to the target sample to excite the fluorescent dye, and capturing a fluorescent image using the camera 30. If the wavelength characteristics of the excitation light differ, the wavelength characteristics of the fluorescence emitted from the fluorescent dye also differ. Therefore, by acquiring basic data and target data while switching the dominant wavelength of the output light of the LED, the number of fluorescent dyes up to the number of detection wavelength bands of the multiband camera 30 multiplied by the number of types of excitation light is obtained. Can be determined. For example, if there are two wavelength characteristics of the excitation light, up to six types of fluorescent dyes can be quantified, and if there are three types of wavelength characteristics, up to nine types of fluorescent dyes can be quantified.
- the computer 40 calculates the concentration of each fluorescent dye by executing the calculation represented by the following equation.
- the target sample contains the first-first m-th (m is an integer of 2 or more) fluorescent dye, and the multi-band camera uses different first-first k-th (k is an integer of 2 or more). It has a detection wavelength band.
- Component matrix Q—Q is a matrix of k XI.
- the i-th row component Q (i is an integer of 1 or more and k or less) of the (lower integer) is one pixel of the fluorescence image of the target sample imaged in the i-th detection wavelength band according to the irradiation of the U-th excitation light.
- Value. J is a matrix of (k'r) Xm, and the i-th matrix of J's component matrix T
- the row component T is the same pixel value as Q in the fluorescence image of the j-th reference sample captured in the i-th detection wavelength band of the multiband camera in response to the irradiation of the u-th excitation light.
- the power of using the multicolor LED 101 as a light source may be replaced by a plurality of light sources (eg, LEDs) that emit light of different wavelength spectra.
- a light source having a variable output wavelength may be used in place of the LED.
- a light source 10c that extracts and emits a specific wavelength component from the Xe lamp using a monochromator, and a light source 10d that extracts and emits a specific wavelength component using the output filter of a Xe lamp using a wavelength filter. can be used.
- This embodiment is different from the above embodiment in an optical device used for acquiring basic data and target data.
- the ability to acquire basic data using a multi-band camera or a spectroscope In this embodiment, the basic data is acquired using a plurality of bandpass filters and a monochrome camera.
- the ability to acquire target data using a multi-band camera In this embodiment, target data is acquired using a plurality of bandpass filters and a monochrome camera.
- FIG. 7 is a block diagram showing the configuration of the fluorescent dye quantification system of the present embodiment.
- This quantification system 300 has a configuration in which the multiband camera 30 in the quantification system 100 is replaced with a monochromatic camera 32.
- a plurality of bandpass filters corresponding to a plurality of fluorescent dyes included in the target sample are used as the non-pass filter 24. These bandpass filters have different transmission wavelength bands. These transmission wavelength bands are completely separated and have no overlap.
- the bandpass filter 24 for example, an interference filter can be used.
- the fluorescent power of the target sample is also extracted from the fluorescent component of the target sample using the band-pass filter 24, and is detected by the monochrome camera 32. As a result, the fluorescent images of each fluorescent color are individually captured.
- the fluorescence intensity measured using the monochrome camera 32 is used for the same quantitative calculation as in the above-described embodiment, whereby the concentration of each fluorescent dye is calculated. Further, in the present embodiment, even when acquiring basic data, the fluorescence of each reference sample force is detected by the monochrome camera 32 via each band-pass filter 24.
- the first and second fluorescent dyes are included in the target sample, and the quantification of the concentration of the fluorescent dye in one portion of the target sample will be described. I do.
- the first and second reference samples each containing the first and second fluorescent dyes alone are prepared.
- the computer 40 calculates the concentration of the fluorescent dye in one portion of the target sample by performing the calculation represented by the following equation.
- O is the value of one pixel in the fluorescence image of the target sample imaged through the filter 24 for the first fluorescent dye, and O is the image captured through the filter 24 for the second fluorescent dye.
- J is the fluorescent dye for the first fluorescent dye.
- J is the first reference sample imaged through the filter 24 for the second fluorescent dye
- J is the filter for the first fluorescent dye.
- J is the second reference sample imaged through the filter 24 for the second fluorescent dye
- the target sample contains the first m-th (m is an integer of 2 or more) fluorescent dye, and the first m-th band-pass filter is prepared accordingly.
- O (j is an integer of 1 or more and m or less) is the value of one pixel in the fluorescence image in the target sample imaged through the filter for the j-th fluorescent dye.
- the i-th row and j-th column component J of the row system (where i is an integer of 1 or more and m or less) is the same pixel value as O in the fluorescent image of the i-th reference sample imaged through the filter for the j-th fluorescent dye. It is.
- the fluorescence of the target sample is detected through a bandpass filter.
- the quantitative accuracy of the method of the present embodiment is inferior to that of the above embodiment.
- this method has higher quantitative accuracy than the conventional technology in which the fluorescence intensity detected through a bandpass filter is directly treated as the concentration of the fluorescent dye. This is because the above equation is not affected by the presence or absence of the overlap of the fluorescence vectors. The quantification accuracy superior to the prior art has been confirmed by experiments by the present inventors.
- the present invention is applied to measurement of a physiological activity of a cell. That is, in the present embodiment, the target sample is a cell.
- the target sample is a cell.
- To measure the physiological activity of cells measure the amount and distribution of functional molecules by labeling functional molecules such as receptors and enzymes possessed by cells with a fluorescent dye and measuring the concentration of the fluorescent dye. can do.
- label those molecules with a plurality of fluorescent dyes having different excitation wavelengths and fluorescence wavelengths and identify the molecules according to the fluorescent color.
- the concentration of the fluorescent dye in the cells is quantified using the quantification system shown in FIG. 1 and according to the procedure shown in FIG.
- the quantification system 100 of the present embodiment obtains the concentration of the fluorescent dye by calculation using the basic data acquired in advance and the R, G, and B values acquired by the multiband camera 30.
- the basic data may be obtained by the method described in the above embodiment! /, Or the deviation method! /. Since there is no need to separate and detect fluorescence from multiple dyes, it is easy to identify molecules. Therefore, the quantification system 100 of the present embodiment is useful for measuring the biological activity of cells.
- the optical path lengths in the samples when measuring the fluorescence from the reference sample and the target sample are equal. This is because if the optical path length changes, the fluorescence intensity changes even for samples with the same concentration.
- the thickness of the cells containing the fluorescent dye that is, the optical path length
- the reference sample is a solution of a fluorescent dye
- the solution sample has a constant optical path length over the entire field of view. Therefore, when measuring specific cells, a solution sample may not be used as a reference sample.
- the microscope to be used has a confocal optical system
- the microscope can use a solution sample as a reference sample in order to acquire a fluorescent image with a fixed optical path length.
- the following methods can be considered as a method for correcting the cell thickness. For example, when measuring the concentration distribution of fluorescent dyes F1 and F2 contained in cells, a fluorescent dye F3 that uniformly stains the whole cell is given to cells in addition to these dyes (Calcein, CellTracker, etc.).
- the components containing the thickness of the cells are included.
- the concentration distribution of each dye is determined. This house Since the dye F3 is distributed at a uniform concentration throughout the cell, the concentration distribution obtained is proportional to the distribution of the cell thickness. Correct the difference in cell thickness by dividing the calculated density of each pixel of F1 and F2 by this value, using the density of each dye F3 at each pixel as a coefficient of the cell thickness of each pixel. The obtained concentration distribution can be obtained.
- the reference sample is a cell
- Some fluorescent dyes have weak fluorescence when used alone, and emit strong fluorescence only when bound to specific molecules in cells.
- many dyes for staining nucleic acids such as DAPI
- DAPI dyes for staining nucleic acids
- fluorescent proteins such as GFP
- the ability to produce fluorescent dyes inside cells by introducing genes into cells makes it difficult to prepare dye samples outside cells.
- solution samples cannot be used as reference samples.
- the cells stained with the fluorescent dye emit fluorescence, and basic data is obtained from the region. An image of the cell is obtained, and the average value of the fluorescence intensity in the region selected from the images is used as the fluorescence intensity for the reference concentration. This value is assigned as the fluorescence intensity with respect to the reference density for all pixels.
- the same optical system (filter, dichroic mirror, lens, etc.) used for quantification can be used to detect the fluorescence.
- shading information can be given to the image of the reference sample (an image in which all pixels have the same fluorescence intensity). The following calculation methods are conceivable.
- a method may be considered in which the shading of the image of the target sample is corrected and an image in which the same fluorescence intensity is given to all pixels is used as an image of the reference sample.
- the following methods can be considered as an arithmetic method for correcting the shading of the image of the target sample.
- FRET Fluorescence Resonance Energy Transfer
- FRET Fluorescence Resonance Energy Transfer
- a fluorescent molecule that provides excitation energy is called a donor
- a fluorescent molecule that receives excitation energy is called an acceptor.
- Donor and ac Septa are created by providing a fluorescent dye to a molecule.
- FRET fluorescence intensity of the donor decreases and the fluorescence intensity of the receptor increases. Therefore, FRET measurement is often performed as follows.
- the target sample is irradiated with light of a wavelength that excites the donor, and the fluorescence emitted from the target sample is detected.
- the fluorescence from the sample is separated into the wavelength range of the fluorescence of the donor and the wavelength range of the fluorescence of the receptor using a band-pass filter.
- the fluorescence intensities of the acceptor and the donor are separately measured, and the ratio of the fluorescence intensity of the acceptor Z donor is calculated. FRET can be analyzed using this fluorescence intensity ratio.
- FRET is measured according to the procedure shown in FIG. 2 using the quantitative system shown in FIG.
- a donor reference sample containing a fluorescent dye for a donor alone at a predetermined unit concentration and an acceptor reference sample containing a fluorescent dye for an acceptor alone at a predetermined unit concentration are prepared (step S202). These reference samples are excited, the intensity of fluorescence from each fluorescent dye is measured in each of the R, G, and B wavelength bands, and the obtained measured intensity is stored as basic data (step S204).
- the multiband camera 30 may be used, or the spectroscope 35 may be used.
- step S206 is used to measure the change in the amount of FRET in the target sample every moment according to the activity state of the target sample, such as when the target sample is a living cell. May be performed several times consecutively.
- concentrations of the fluorescent dye for the donor and the fluorescent dye for the acceptor are calculated according to the above equation (1) (step S208), and an image showing the concentration distribution of these dyes is displayed on the display device 42 (step S210). And S212).
- a Cameleon solution (14 ⁇ g / ml) containing Ca 2+ is used as a target sample.
- Cameleon has a fluorescent dye CFP and an acceptor in its molecule. Fluorescent dye YFP. Cameleon also contains a site for binding Ca 2+ between these fluorescent dyes.
- Ca 2+ binds to Cameleon, the structure of the molecule changes and the CFP force FRET to YFP becomes conspicuous accordingly.
- the fluorescence of CFP decreases and the fluorescence of YFP increases.
- the fluorescence intensity ratio of YFPZCFP increases accordingly.
- the concentration of CFP and YFP is quantified while changing the concentration of Ca 2+ in the target sample stepwise, and the concentrations are multiplied by the fluorescence intensity per unit concentration to obtain CFP and YFP. Calculate the fluorescence intensity of YFP. Then, the fluorescence intensity ratio of YFPZCFP is calculated using these fluorescence intensities.
- FIG. 8 shows the relationship between the Ca 2+ concentration in the target sample and the fluorescence intensity ratio calculated in the present embodiment.
- FIG. 8 also shows the fluorescence intensity ratio obtained by the conventional method.
- the fluorescence from the target sample is detected by the multiband camera 30, and the G value of the multiband camera 30 is regarded as the fluorescence intensity of YFP and the B value is regarded as the fluorescence intensity of CFP, and the GZB ratio is calculated.
- a diamond indicates the fluorescence intensity ratio obtained by the conventional method
- a square indicates the fluorescence intensity ratio based on the basic data acquired using the multiband camera 30, and
- a triangle indicates the fluorescence intensity ratio using the spectroscope 35. The fluorescence intensity ratio based on the acquired basic data is shown.
- the fluorescence intensity ratio obtained by the method of the present embodiment changes more than the fluorescence intensity ratio obtained by the conventional method according to the change in the Ca 2+ concentration. This is advantageous when detecting subtle changes in Ca 2+ concentration.
- the fluorescence of CFP is also detected. Therefore, in the G wavelength band, the fluorescence intensity of YFP increases by FRET, while the fluorescence of CFP decreases. As a result, it is considered that the increase in the G value of the camera 30 was suppressed, and the change in the fluorescence intensity ratio was suppressed accordingly.
- the fluorescence intensity is calculated using a calculation formula that is not affected by the mixture of the fluorescence, the fluorescence intensity ratio changes with high sensitivity according to the change in the Ca 2+ concentration.
- the quantitative results are displayed using the expression method shown in FIG.
- the concentration information of the fluorescent dye is displayed using a false color.
- the first And the concentration distribution of the second fluorescent dye are displayed as images 81 and 82.
- the concentration of the fluorescent dye is represented by luminance. Since FRET analysis generally evaluates the amount of FRET based on the intensity ratio of these two fluorochromes, that is, the concentration ratio, the distribution of the calculated fluorescence intensity ratio is shown using false colors in Image 83. . Further, by associating the fluorescence intensity ratio with the Ca 2+ concentration as shown in the graph of FIG. 8, the value of the fluorescence intensity ratio can be converted to the value of the Ca 2+ concentration.
- Image 84 shows the distribution of Ca 2+ concentration using false colors. In these images 81-84, a color bar 85 is also displayed.
- the method of the present embodiment is much simpler than the method of Gordon et al. This is because the method of Gordon et al. Measures fluorescence nine times, whereas the method of the present embodiment requires only three times of fluorescence measurement. As described above, when the quantification method of the present invention is applied to FRET, the fluorescence intensity ratio of the ceptor Z donor can be obtained easily and quickly.
- FIG. 9 shows the spectral sensitivity characteristics of the camera 30.
- Camera 30 has two types of sensitivity, Law Light mode and High Light mode. Mode.
- FIG. 9 shows the sensitivity characteristics in the solid light Law Light mode, and the dashed lines show the sensitivity characteristics in the High Light mode.
- the R, G, and B values in the low light mode were used for quantitative calculation.
- the three types of fluorescent dyes used were Alexa Fluor350, Fura2, and Cascade Yellow.
- the present inventors prepared three types of solutions obtained by mixing two of these at an appropriate concentration as target samples. All three types of dye solutions have the same absorption wavelength in the same wavelength band (350-440 nm). When the dye solution is irradiated with light in this wavelength band to excite the dye, the solutions emit fluorescence having different spectra from each other.
- the non-pass filter 22 has a transmission wavelength band equal to this wavelength band, and extracts the component in this wavelength band from the white light of the Xe lamp 10a to generate excitation light.
- a reference sample was prepared.
- the unit concentration of each fluorescent dye was determined so that an appropriate fluorescence intensity was obtained according to the sensitivity of the camera 30, and a solution containing each fluorescent dye alone at that unit concentration was prepared.
- the three types of solutions thus obtained are the reference samples.
- a target sample in which two kinds of reference samples are mixed at an appropriate ratio is prepared, and the target sample is irradiated with excitation light.
- a fluorescent image of the target sample is captured using the camera 30 to obtain image data.
- the pixel value of this image data is the target data.
- the computer 40 calculated the density distribution of the two fluorescent dyes in the target sample by executing the calculation represented by the above equation (1) for each pixel using the basic data and the target data.
- the present inventor also obtained basic data and target data using a spectroscope 35 instead of the camera 30.
- a spectroscope 35 PMA-ll (c7473 manufactured by Hamamatsu Photonics KK) was used. , BTCCD 200-950 nm).
- the computer 40 performed a 5 point (5 nm) smoo thing processing on the spectral data acquired by the spectroscope 35.
- FIG. 10 shows spectroscopic data obtained from a target sample in which the fluorescent dyes Alexa Fluor and Cascade Yellow were mixed at various ratios. The interval between peak wavelengths of fluorescence emitted from these dyes is relatively wide, about lOnm.
- FIG. 11 shows spectral data obtained from target samples in which the fluorescent dyes Fura2 and Cascade Yellow were mixed at various ratios. The interval between the peak wavelengths of the fluorescence generated by these dyes is relatively narrow, about 30 nm. As described above, these spectral data have been subjected to smoothing processing.
- the computer 40 executed the calculations shown in the above equations (9), (10) and (1) using the spectral data obtained from the reference sample and the target sample to calculate the dye concentration.
- Reference sample force By multiplying the acquired spectral data of all spectral wavelength bands by the sensitivity characteristics shown in Fig. 9, add the results, and then multiply by the correction coefficient a shown in equation (10) to obtain the basic data. Data J was calculated.
- the target sample force is obtained by multiplying the acquired spectral data of all the spectral wavelength bands by the sensitivity characteristics shown in FIG. 9 and then adding the result, and then multiplying by the correction coefficient a to obtain the target data R and G. And B were calculated. This performance
- the spectral data at 300-780nm in 5nm increments was used.
- the spectrometer 35 can measure only one site in the sample.
- the numerical value calculated by the computer 40 indicates the dye concentration at the measurement site.
- the present inventor also quantified the concentration of the fluorescent dye according to the method of the fifth embodiment.
- the intensity of the fluorescence emitted from the reference sample and the target sample was measured through a band-pass filter.
- Three bandpass filters were used according to the fluorescence spectra of the three fluorescent dyes.
- the first bandpass filter has a center wavelength of 440 nm and a band width of 21 nm.
- the second bandpass filter has a center wavelength of 510 nm and a bandwidth of 23 nm.
- the third bandpass filter has a center wavelength of 546 nm and a bandwidth of 10 nm. have.
- the fluorescence transmitted through the bandpass filter was detected using a monochrome camera.
- the computer 40 performed the calculations shown in the above equations (22) and (23) using the pixel values of the fluorescent light image captured by the monochrome camera. As a result, the concentrations of the two fluorescent dyes in the target sample were calculated.
- the fluorescence intensity was measured using the same spectroscope as that used in the second example. Specifically, the fluorescence intensity was measured at lnm intervals using a spectrometer, and the fluorescence intensity was calculated by integrating the fluorescence intensities in all the wavelength bands.
- FIG. 12 shows spectral data obtained by measuring the force of a target sample obtained by mixing the fluorescent dyes Alexa Fluor and Cascade Yellow in various ratios through a bandpass filter.
- FIG. 13 shows spectral data obtained by measuring the power of a target sample obtained by mixing the fluorescent dyes Fura2 and Cascade Yellow at various ratios through a bandpass filter.
- the present inventor extracted the fluorescence of each dye using a fluorescence bandpass filter that generates a target sample, and photographed the fluorescence with a monochrome camera.
- the used bandpass filter is the same as that of the third embodiment.
- the concentrations c and c of the two fluorescent dyes in the target sample were calculated according to the following equation (conventional equation).
- Sample SI and Sample S2 are the fluorescence intensities extracted from the fluorescence of the target sample using a bandpass filter
- Kijyun SI and Kijyun S2 are the It is the intensity of the emitted fluorescence.
- the intensity of the fluorescence measured through the bandpass filter is treated as the concentration of each fluorescent dye.
- FIG. 14 shows the concentrations of Alexa Fluor and Cascade Yellow calculated in the first and second examples.
- FIG. 15 shows the concentrations of Alexa Fluor and Cascade Yellow calculated in the third example and the comparative example.
- the horizontal axis indicates the mixing ratio of the dye, and the vertical axis indicates the concentration of the dye. Concentrations are shown with unit density of each dye as 1.
- the unit concentration of Alexa Fluor is 2 ⁇ (micromolar) and the unit concentration of Cascade Yellow is 1 ⁇ .
- Fig. 14 diamonds indicate the concentration of Alexa Fluor calculated in the first example, squares indicate the concentration of Alexa Fluor calculated in the second example, and triangles indicate the concentrations calculated in the first example.
- X indicates the concentration of Cascade Yellow, and X indicates the concentration of Cascade Yellow calculated in the second embodiment.
- diamonds indicate the concentration of Alexa Fluor calculated in the third example, squares indicate the concentration of Alexa Fluor calculated in the comparative example, and triangles indicate the concentration of Cascade Yellow calculated in the third example.
- X indicates the concentration of Cascade Yellow calculated in the comparative example.
- the dashed line indicates the actual concentration of Alexa Fluor in the target sample, and the dashed line indicates the actual concentration of Cascade Yellow in the target sample.
- FIG. 16 shows the concentrations of Fura2 and Cascade Yellow calculated in the first and second examples.
- FIG. 17 shows the concentrations of Fura2 and Cascade Yellow calculated in the third example and the comparative example.
- the horizontal axis indicates the mixing ratio of the dye, and the vertical axis indicates the concentration of the dye.
- the density is displayed with the unit density of each color element as 1.
- the unit concentration of Fura2 is 4 M and Cascade
- the unit concentration of Yellow is 0.8 ⁇ .
- the rhombus indicates the concentration of Fura2 calculated in the first example
- the square indicates the concentration of Fura2 calculated in the second example
- the triangle indicates the cascade calculated in the first example.
- X indicates the concentration of Cascade Yellow calculated in the second embodiment.
- a diamond indicates the concentration of Fura2 calculated in the third example
- a square indicates the concentration of Fura2 calculated in the comparative example
- a triangle indicates the concentration of Cascade Yellow calculated in the third example.
- X indicate the concentration of Cascade Yellow calculated in the comparative example.
- the dashed line indicates the actual concentration of Fura2 in the target sample
- the dashed line indicates the actual concentration of Cascade Yellow in the target sample.
- the quantification accuracy of Fura2 and Cascade Yellow which emit fluorescence with a relatively narrow center wavelength, is significantly different between the example and the comparative example. This is because the overlap of the fluorescence spectra between these dyes is large.
- the dye concentration can be quantified with high accuracy without being affected by the overlap of the fluorescence spectra.
- the fluorescence from the sample is detected through a band-pass filter.
- FIG. 17 shows that even in this case, a higher quantification accuracy than the comparative example can be obtained. This is due to the difference between the equations (22) and (23) used in the third embodiment and the equations (26.1) and (26.2) used in the comparative example.
- the comparative power of FIGS. 16 and 17 in the first and second embodiments in which fluorescence is detected without passing through a bandpass filter, it is possible to obtain an even higher quantitative accuracy than in the third embodiment. Can be.
- the adjacent detection wavelength bands overlap in the first and second embodiments and cover the entire wavelength band to be evaluated, whereas the adjacent detection wavelength bands in the third embodiment are different. Since the data is not overlapped, and only the data of the wavelength band at a part of the spot is handled, it does not cover the entire evaluation wavelength band of the target sample, which may be considered to be due to the lack of data. it can.
- the method in the first embodiment that is, the measurement using a multi-band camera, is equivalent to the sensitivity function of the camera for spectral data in a wavelength range of a certain arbitrary width to be measured. Fluorescence intensity is determined by multiplying the above characteristics. Therefore, measurement using a camera basically obtains the same information as when data was collected over the entire wavelength range, as in the measurement using a spectroscope. Therefore, even if a camera is used, quantification can be performed with the same accuracy as that of spectroscopy.
- FIG. 18 shows the fluorescence spectra of a reference sample containing Fura2, a reference sample containing Cascade Yellow, and a target sample containing Fura2 and Cascade Yellow.
- the unit concentration of Fura2 is 4 ⁇
- the unit concentration of Cascade Yellow is 0.8 ⁇ .
- Fura2 and Cascade Yellow are mixed at a ratio of 0.6: 1.4.
- the results of actually measuring the target sample using a spectrometer are shown as target vectors in Fig. 18.
- the spectral intensity can be simulated by multiplying the calculated concentration by the fluorescence spectrum of the corresponding reference sample (hereinafter referred to as “reference vector”) and summing the two.
- FIG. 19 and FIG. 20 show simulation spectra calculated in this manner.
- the accuracy of the calculation itself can be confirmed.
- the reference spectrum and target The cut spectra are slightly different from those obtained by the spectrometer method. For this reason, it is natural that a difference occurs between the fluorescence spectrum obtained by the simulation calculation in the camera system and the fluorescence spectrum obtained by the simulation calculation in the spectroscope system. Therefore, the deviation between the actually measured target spectrum and the fluorescence spectrum obtained by the simulation calculation does not directly reflect the accuracy of the camera system and the spectroscope system. However, since the accuracy of the outline can be confirmed, this method was adopted.
- the measured fluorescence spectrum and the fluorescence spectrum calculated using the quantification results of the first and second examples have extremely close shapes. Have. Therefore, it can be seen that the first and second examples can quantify the concentration of the fluorescent dye with excellent accuracy.
- FIG. 21 is a block diagram showing a configuration of the fluorescent dye quantification system of the present embodiment.
- This quantitative system 800 has a configuration in which the multiband camera 30 in the quantitative system 100 of the first embodiment is replaced with a multiband camera 30a.
- a logic circuit provided in the multi-band camera 30a executes the calculation of the above equation (7).
- FIG. 22 shows various data related to the quantification of the present embodiment.
- the multiband camera 30a has three detection wavelength bands, that is, an R wavelength band, a G wavelength band, and a B wavelength band.
- FIG. 22 (a) shows the sensitivity characteristics of the multiband camera 30a. As shown in this figure, adjacent detection wavelength bands partially overlap.
- the multi-band camera 30a includes three image sensors corresponding to these detection wavelength bands, and a color separation prism that separates the wavelength component of the input light into three detection wavelength bands and sends the wavelength components to the corresponding image sensors. .
- FIG. 23 is a block diagram showing a signal processing circuit mounted on the multi-band camera 30a.
- the signal processing circuit 31 includes, in addition to the three image pickup devices 101 to 103 described above, an amplifier 111 to 113, an A / D converter 121 to 123, a logic circuit 130 for quantitative calculation, a timing adjustment circuit 141 to 143, an interface Including a circuit 150, a drive circuit 160, a timing generation circuit 162, and a control circuit 164.
- the imaging elements 101 to 103 are driven by the driving circuit 160, and capture fluorescence images of the target sample in the R, G, and B wavelength bands, respectively, to generate three image signals. These image signals are amplified by the amplifiers 111-113, digitally converted by the AZD converters 121-123, and input to the logic circuit 130 for quantitative calculation.
- the logic circuit 130 executes the calculation represented by the above equation (7) using these image signals, and calculates the concentration of the fluorescent dye in the target sample for each pixel.
- the matrix Ci T 'J) — in equation (7) is referred to as “reference data M”.
- the reference data M is input from the computer 40 to the logic circuit 130 via the interface circuit 150.
- the reference data M may be stored in a storage device provided in the multi-band camera 30a.
- the logic circuit 130 assigns a value corresponding to the density calculated for each pixel to the pixel, and generates an image signal representing the density distribution of each fluorescent dye in the target sample.
- These image signals are one of the R, G, and B outputs of the multiband camera 30a.
- the timing generation circuit 162 supplies a clock signal to the AZD converters 121 to 123, the logic circuit 130, the timing adjustment circuits 141 to 143, the drive circuit 160, and the control circuit 164.
- the control circuit 164 receives an instruction from the computer 40 through the external interface circuit 150, and controls the operation of the logic circuit 130 according to the instruction. For example, the control circuit 164 can inhibit the operation of the equation (7) by the logic circuit 130 and output the image data itself acquired in the R, G, and B wavelength bands from the multi-band camera 30a.
- the R, G and B outputs are synchronized by the timing adjustment circuits 141 and 143 and sent from the external interface circuit 150 to the computer 40.
- the computer 40 displays an image for displaying a quantitative result on the display device 42 using the R, G, and B outputs of the multiband camera 30a. For example, as shown in FIG. 3, an image 63 in which the R, G, and B outputs are superimposed may be displayed together with a color bar 64, or, as shown in FIG. 4, the R, G, and B outputs may be separated. And may be displayed as separate images. Computer 40 can print these images using printer 44.
- Figure 22 (b) shows the target sample and the first and second samples.
- 4 shows a fluorescence spectrum of a second fluorescent dye.
- This target sample was obtained by staining Hela cells with two types of fluorescent dyes, DAPI and MitoTracker Green.
- DAPI stains cell nuclei and MitoTracker Green stains mitochondria.
- the fluorescence spectrum of DAPI has a peak near 460 nm, and the fluorescence spectrum of MitoTracker Green has a peak near 515 nm.
- a reference sample is prepared and basic data is obtained. Specifically, Hela cells are stained with DAPI only and MitoTracker Green only to create first and second reference samples. These reference samples are irradiated with excitation light through a bandpass filter 22 having a transmission wavelength band of 405 ⁇ 5 nm.
- FIG. 22 (c) shows the fluorescence spectrum of the first reference sample
- FIG. 22 (d) shows the fluorescence spectrum of the second reference sample.
- the optical image of the fluorescence emitted from the reference sample is captured by the multi-band camera 30a through the band-pass filter 24 having a transmission wavelength band of 420 nm or more.
- the imaging devices 101 to 103 in the multi-band camera 30a generate three image data obtained in three detection wavelength bands for one reference sample.
- the computer 40 sends a command to the control circuit 164 to prohibit the arithmetic operation of the equation (7) by the logic circuit 130 and output these image data to the multi-band camera 30a. These image data are sent to the computer 40 and stored in a storage device in the computer 40. Similar measurements are performed for all reference samples, and the image data is saved.
- FIG. 22 (f) shows the R, G, and B values of one pixel, that is, Rf, Gf, and Bf, obtained from the first reference sample.
- Rf 19.980
- Gf 121.939
- Bf 252.900
- Fig. 22 (g) shows the R, G, and B values of one pixel obtained from the second reference sample, that is, Rf, Gf
- the computer 40 obtains the reference data ⁇ , that is, the matrix ( J T 'J) _1 ' J T is calculated.
- the calculated reference data is stored in a storage device in the computer 40.
- this reference data M is used in common in the calculation of equation (7) for all pixels. This concludes the first stage of quantification.
- FIG. 22 (e) shows the R, G, and B values of one pixel in the fluorescence image of the target sample, that is, R, G, and B.
- the computer 40 sends a command to the control circuit 164, and permits the logic circuit 130 to perform the operation of Expression (7) (actually, Expression (1)).
- the logic circuit 130 is also supplied with reference data M from the computer 40. Using the reference data M, the logic circuit 130 calculates the density (c) of the DAPI and MitoTracker Green by executing the calculation of the equation (1) for each pixel.
- FIG. 22H shows the densities c and c calculated for the pixels having the R, G, and B values shown in FIG. 22E.
- the unit of these concentration values is the concentration of the fluorescent dye in the corresponding reference sample.
- the logic circuit 130 assigns values corresponding to the densities cl and c2 calculated for each pixel to the pixel, and generates two image signals indicating the density distribution of DAPI and MitoTracker Green in the target sample. .
- These image signals are output from the logic circuit 130 as any of the R, G, and B signals. Therefore, the density distributions of DAPI and MitoTracker Green are sent from the multiband camera 30a to the computer 40 as image data of different colors.
- These image signals may be separated from each other and transmitted to the computer 40, or may be converted into a single composite signal and transmitted to the force computer 40.
- the computer 40 uses these image signals to display an image representing the quantitative result on the display device 42.
- Fig. 24 shows a quantitative result image of the present embodiment, where (a) is an output image of the multi-band camera 30a, and (b) is a concentration distribution of DAPI separated from the output image.
- Image (c) Is a density distribution image of MitoTracker Green separated from the output image.
- These originals are color images. Here we show the images converted to black and white. Only the nucleus is displayed in the DAPI image, and only the mitochondria is displayed in the MitoTracker Green image.
- the quantification system of the present embodiment can clearly display two structures in a cell in real time.
- FIG. 25 shows a quantitative result image of this comparative example, where (a) is an output image of a three-band camera, and (b) and (c) are B wavelength regions extracted from the output image and It is a fluorescence image in a G wavelength region. These are also original color images, but here are images converted to black and white. DAPI fluorescence is detected in both B and G wavelength regions, depending on the distribution of the fluorescence beaule of the dye used.
- hardware in the multi-band camera 30a performs quantitative calculation instead of software operating on the personal computer 40, and generates an image signal representing a density distribution using the calculation result. Therefore, the density distribution image can be displayed more quickly than when the density distribution image is generated by software processing. As a result, the user can immediately confirm the quantification result after imaging the target sample.
- the technique of the present embodiment can be applied to any of the above embodiments using a multi-band camera. Further, as in the second embodiment, acquisition of basic data from the reference sample may be performed using the spectroscope 35.
- an imaging device having R, G, and B wavelength bands as detection wavelength bands is mainly used. Used in However, the imaging device used in the present invention may have any other detection wavelength band.
- Equation (1) is an equation in a case where the system is not regular.
- the reason why the system is non-regular is that the number of fluorescent dyes and the number of detection wavelength bands contained in the target sample are identical.
- the system since there are three detection wavelength bands, the system is regular if the target sample contains three types of fluorescent pigments.
- equation (1) can be rewritten in the following simple form.
- a four-band camera having the sensitivity characteristics shown in Fig. 26 may be used.
- This four-band camera also has two sensitivity modes, a Low Light mode and a High Light mode. Therefore, as described in the third embodiment, up to eight types of fluorescent dyes can be quantified. As shown in FIG. 26, this four-band camera has sensitivity in the near infrared region. Therefore, this four-band camera is useful for quantification of a fluorescent dye having an emission region in the near infrared region.
- the multi-band camera 30a used in the eighth embodiment has a single image sensor on which a color mosaic filter or the like is printed instead of a force having a color separation prism and a plurality of image sensors. You can do it.
- the method and the quantification system of the present invention can accurately quantify the concentrations of a plurality of fluorochromes having overlapping fluorescence spectra.
Abstract
Description
Claims
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US10/574,943 US7426026B2 (en) | 2003-10-10 | 2004-10-08 | Method and system for measuring the concentrations of fluorescent dyes |
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Also Published As
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JP4634304B2 (ja) | 2011-02-16 |
US7426026B2 (en) | 2008-09-16 |
US20070121099A1 (en) | 2007-05-31 |
JPWO2005036143A1 (ja) | 2007-11-22 |
EP1677097A1 (en) | 2006-07-05 |
EP1677097A4 (en) | 2010-09-01 |
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