WO2005024505A1 - 電気泳動表示用液、それを用いた表示媒体及び表示装置 - Google Patents
電気泳動表示用液、それを用いた表示媒体及び表示装置 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2005024505A1 WO2005024505A1 PCT/JP2004/012557 JP2004012557W WO2005024505A1 WO 2005024505 A1 WO2005024505 A1 WO 2005024505A1 JP 2004012557 W JP2004012557 W JP 2004012557W WO 2005024505 A1 WO2005024505 A1 WO 2005024505A1
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- electrophoretic display
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- fine particles
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
- G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour
- G02F1/165—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on translational movement of particles in a fluid under the influence of an applied field
- G02F1/166—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on translational movement of particles in a fluid under the influence of an applied field characterised by the electro-optical or magneto-optical effect
- G02F1/167—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on translational movement of particles in a fluid under the influence of an applied field characterised by the electro-optical or magneto-optical effect by electrophoresis
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
- G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour
- G02F1/165—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on translational movement of particles in a fluid under the influence of an applied field
- G02F1/1675—Constructional details
- G02F2001/1678—Constructional details characterised by the composition or particle type
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a display liquid for electric swimming display, which can reversibly change the visual recognition state by the action of an electric field or the like, a display medium using the same, and a display device.
- an electrophoretic display device invented by Harold D. Lees et al. Is known.
- two electrode substrates, at least one of which is transparent are opposed to each other via a suitable spacer, and fine particles (pigment particles) are colored in a different color between the electrode substrates.
- the display panel is formed by filling a display liquid dispersed in a dispersion medium, and an electric field is applied to the display panel to obtain a display on the transparent electrode surface (for example, And Patent Document 1).
- the electrophoretic display liquid filled between the electrode substrates includes fine particles (pigment particles) such as titanium dioxide, xylene in which a dye for giving a color contrast with the fine particles is dissolved, and tetrachloroethylene.
- fine particles such as titanium dioxide, xylene in which a dye for giving a color contrast with the fine particles is dissolved, and tetrachloroethylene.
- a dispersion medium having a low dielectric constant such as paraffin and silicone oil, a dispersant such as a surfactant, and additives such as a charge imparting agent.
- Such an electrophoretic display device is a display device that can obtain a desired display by controlling the direction of an electric field, is low-cost, has a viewing angle as wide as a normal printed matter, and has low power consumption. Because of its merits such as having the memory of the display, it is attracting attention as an inexpensive display device. [0005] While performing the above, the display liquid of the electrophoretic display device described in Patent Document 1 or the like is generally dispersed in a hydrophobic low-dielectric constant dispersion medium colored by dissolving a dye or the like.
- inorganic pigments with high refractive index such as titanium dioxide are dispersed, there are drawbacks such as lowering of contrast, lowering of repetitive display characteristics, and lowering of display quality due to aggregation or the like, which makes it difficult to control dispersion stability. are doing. Further, since a dye solution is used, there is a disadvantage that the contrast is lowered due to adsorption of the dye on the pigment surface.
- Means for improving the dispersion stability include, for example, a sorbitan fatty acid ester surfactant in a system using electrophoretic particles surface-treated with a titanate coupling agent in a dispersion medium colored with a dye.
- a technique of adding for example, see Patent Document 2.
- Non-Patent Document 1 a dye which is not adsorbed on the pigment surface is used as a dye used for coloring the dispersion medium (see Non-Patent Document 1), or the dye concentration in the dispersion medium is used. (See Non-Patent Document 2) is known. Further, as a method of preventing non-uniform display due to uneven distribution of electrophoretic fine particles on the display surface, a method of encapsulating a display liquid for electrophoretic display in microcapsules and using it as display particles (for example, see Patent Document 4) )It has been known.
- Patent Document 3 does not provide sufficient dispersion stability, and the effect is insufficient.
- Non-Patent Documents 1 and 2 have not yet completely solved the above-mentioned drawbacks caused by the dye solution, and still have practical problems. Also in the method of Patent Document 4, since the display liquid contained uses a colored dye solution and a dispersion of pigment particles, the contrast is sufficient in the same manner as the above phenomenon. is not.
- an electrophoretic display device that does not use a dye solution.
- a liquid in which at least two types of electrophoretic fine particles having different color tone and electrophoretic property are dispersed in a colorless dispersion medium is formed via a spacer between two counter electrodes, at least one of which is transparent.
- an electrophoretic display element for example, see Patent Document 5 enclosed in a cell to be used.
- an electrophoretic display liquid for example, see Patent Document 8
- an electrophoretic display liquid including particles having a void therein and having a surface treated in a dispersion medium and pigment particles having different color tones.
- Patent Document 6 has a problem that it is difficult to completely prevent aggregation of two types of electrophoretic fine particles, and it is not possible to realize a good contrast. Have.
- Patent Document 1 U.S. Pat.No. 3,612,758 (Claims, Examples, etc.)
- Patent Document 2 Japanese Patent No. 2733687 (Claims, Examples, etc.)
- Patent Document 3 JP-A-11 119704 (claims, examples, etc.)
- Non-Patent Document 1 Philips Lab: Conference Record of 1980 BiennialDisp.
- Non-Patent Document 2 61: 0? & 10 8 11; 0:? 1: 0 SID, Vol. 18 3/4, 1977.
- Patent Document 4 Patent No. 2551783 (Claims, Examples, etc.)
- Patent Document 5 JP-A-62-269124 (Claims, Examples, etc.)
- Patent Document 6 Japanese Patent Publication No. 8-5101190 (Claims, Examples, etc.)
- Patent Document 7 JP-A-63-50886 (Claims, Examples, etc.)
- Patent Document 8 U.S.A. 2002-277903 (Claims, Examples, etc.)
- Patent Document 9 WO98Z03896 (Claims, Examples, etc.)
- the present invention has been made in view of the above-mentioned conventional problems and the present situation, and aims to solve the problem. By improving the dispersion stability of an electrophoretic display liquid, high contrast display can be realized. It is an object of the present invention to provide a liquid for electrophoretic display which is capable of displaying a contrast with high reliability even at the time of repetitive display and has excellent responsiveness, a display medium and a display device using the same. .
- the present inventors have conducted intensive studies on the above-mentioned problems of the prior art and the like. As a result, by including one or more kinds of fine particles, a dispersant, and a dispersion medium, and by containing a specific component, The present inventors have found that an intended electrophoretic display liquid, a display medium and a display device using the same can be obtained, and have completed the present invention.
- the present invention resides in the following (1)-(24).
- Alkyl polyetheramine having at least a structural unit represented by the following general formula (I), polyoxyethylene oxypropylene block polymer having a structural unit represented by the following general formula ( ⁇ ), one type A liquid for electrophoretic display, comprising the above-mentioned fine particles and a dispersion medium.
- R 2 is (OCH 2 CH 2 ) X—H and R 3 is
- R 4 and R s are a saturated hydrocarbon group or an unsaturated hydrocarbon group.
- R e is O CH 3 CH (CH 3 ) — or (O CH 2 CH 2 ) m_OH
- R 7 is OCH 2 CH (CH 3 ) — or (O CH 2 CH 2 ) n— OH.
- m and ⁇ are 0 or a positive number, and R e and R 7 may be the same or different.
- the content of polyoxy-polymer is the total amount of the indicated liquid!
- the liquid for electrophoretic display according to any one of (1) and (18) above is a microcapsule.
- Electrophoretic display device that is the feature.
- an electrophoretic display liquid which can display a contrast with high reliability even at the time of repetitive display in which the contrast of a display surface is high and has excellent responsiveness, and a display using the same.
- a medium and a display device are provided.
- FIG. 1 is an illustration of titanium oxide fine particles obtained by treating the surface of titanium oxide with a titanium coupling agent.
- FIG. 2 is a drawing schematically showing a one-particle embodiment in which a liquid for electrophoretic display is enclosed in a structure having microcapsule strength.
- FIG. 3 is a drawing schematically showing each embodiment of a particle type in which an electrophoretic display liquid is encapsulated in a structure having microcapsules.
- FIG. 4 schematically shows an example of an embodiment in which an electrophoretic display liquid is enclosed in a structure composed of cells.
- FIG. 5 is a drawing schematically showing another example of the embodiment in which the electrophoretic display liquid is sealed in a structure composed of cells.
- FIG. 6 is a drawing schematically showing another example of the embodiment in which the electrophoretic display liquid is sealed in a structure composed of cells.
- FIG. 7 is a drawing schematically showing a cross-sectional view illustrating an example of an embodiment in which microcapsules are arranged between opposed electrodes.
- FIG. 8 is a drawing schematically showing a cross-sectional view illustrating an example of an embodiment in which a cell structure sheet is arranged between opposed electrodes.
- FIG. 9 is a drawing schematically showing a cross-sectional view showing another example of the embodiment in the case where the cell structure sheet is arranged between the opposing electrodes.
- FIG. 10 is a schematic diagram of an electrophoretic display device using a display medium in which a particle type electrophoretic display liquid is encapsulated in a structure having microcapsule strength.
- FIG. 11 is a schematic diagram of an electrophoretic display device using a display medium in which a two-particle type electrophoretic display liquid is sealed in a structure having a microcapsule force.
- FIG. 12 is a cross-sectional view showing an example of a use state of the electrophoretic display device.
- the electrophoretic display liquid of the present invention is the same as the electrophoretic display liquid according to the first to third aspects of the present invention. It is composed of Specifically, the electrophoretic display liquid of the first invention comprises at least an alkylpolyetheramine having a structural unit represented by the following general formula (I), at least one kind of fine particles, a dispersant, and a dispersant. In addition to containing a liquid medium, the fine particles contain lipophilic surface-treated fine particles.
- R 2 is (OCH 2 CH 2 ) X—H and R 3 is
- the electrophoretic display liquid of the second invention comprises at least an alkyl polyetheramine having a structural unit represented by the general formula (I), and a structural unit represented by the following general formula ( ⁇ ).
- the liquid for electrophoretic display according to the third invention is characterized by containing a polyoxyethyleneoxypropylene block polymer, at least one type of fine particles, and a dispersion medium.
- the electrophoretic display liquid further comprises an acetylene derivative having a structural unit represented by the following general formula (III).
- R e is O CH 2 CH (CH 3 ) — or (O CH 2 CH 2 ) m—OH
- RT is O CH CH (CH 3 ) one or (0CH 2 CH 2 ) n—OH.
- m and n are 0 or a positive number, and the above Re and RT may be the same or different.
- the alkyl polyetheramine used in the first invention to the third invention is mainly used as a charge control agent, and may be represented by a structural formula as represented by the above general formula (I).
- a structural formula as represented by the above general formula (I) polyethylene glycol laurylamine, polyethylene glycol alkyl (coconut) amine, polyethylene glycol stearylamine, polyethylene glycol alkyl (tallow) amine, hydroxyethyl laurylamine, polyethylene glycol alkyl (tallow)
- examples thereof include amine, polyethylene glycol alkyl (sheep butter), polyethylene glycol alkyl (tallow), propylene diamine, and polyethylene glycol dioleylamine, and at least those which dissolve in the dispersion medium used. Limited to these There is no.
- the alkyl polyetheramines used can be used alone (one type) or in combination of two or more types.
- the content of the alkylpolyetheramine is determined appropriately depending on the type.
- the electric conductivity of the solvent is increased, so that the movement of fine particles and the contrast display are lowered, and the electrophoretic display liquid itself is broken by electrolysis or the like, which is not preferable.
- fine particles used in the first invention to the third invention for example, colored or colorless (white) inorganic pigment particles, organic pigment particles, polymer fine particles, and the like can be used. Species) or a mixture of two or more kinds.
- the fine particles used need to contain at least lipophilic surface-treated fine particles from the viewpoint of exhibiting the effects of the present invention, and the lipophilic surface-treated fine particles are required. If at least one of these is contained, in addition to the lipophilic surface-treated fine particles V, fine particles [colored or colorless (white) inorganic pigment particles, organic pigment particles] , Polymer fine particles, etc.].
- the stability of the liquid which causes repeated display and poor responsiveness, is lowered and the effect of the present invention is not exhibited. It becomes something.
- the “pigment particles” are those having low solubility in a solvent in combination with a solvent used as a dispersion liquid medium, and are dispersed in a solvent by V. What can exist in the state of the particles!
- inorganic pigment particles examples include, for example, titanium dioxide, zinc sulfide, calcium carbonate, silica, calcium silicate, lead white, zinc white, lithobone, antimony oxide, kaolin, mica, barium sulfate, and dalos.
- organic pigment particles examples include fast yellow, disazo yellow, condensed yellow, anthrapyrimidine yellow, isoindoline yellow, copper azomethine yellow, quinofeta mouth in yellow, benzimidazolone yellow, nickel dioxy yellow, and mono methoxy yellow.
- Azoyelow lake dinitroaniline orange, pyrazolone orange, perinone orange, naphthol red, toluidine red, permanent carmine, brilliant toast scarlet, pyrazolone red, rhodamine 6G lake, permanent red, lithore red, Bon lake red, lake red , Brilliant Carmine, Bordeaux 10B, Naphthol Red, Quinacridone Magenta, Condensed Azo Red, Naphthol Carmine, Veri Sensitivity Red, condensed azoscar red, benzimidazolone carmine, anthraquinonyl red, perylene red, perylene maroon, quinacridone maroon, quinacridone scarred, quinatalidone red, diketopyrrolopyrrole red, benzimidazolone brown, phthalocyanine Green, Victoria Blue Lake, Phthalocyan Blue, Fast Sky Blue, Alkali Blue Toner, Indanthrone Blue, Rhodamine B Lake, Meth
- polymer fine particles that can be used polymer fine particles that are organic polymarkers produced by a conventionally known method can be used.
- a method using emulsion polymerization, a seed emulsification Use of the following methods: legalization method, soap-free polymerization method, dispersion polymerization method, suspension polymerization method, seed polymerization method, method using seed polymerization + polymerization shrinkage, method using suspension polymerization of wZoZw emulsion, and surface drying of spray-dried droplets
- the method include a seed aggregation method in which a polymer emulsion is aggregated by adding a solid electrolyte particle to a polymer emulsion, but the method is not limited to those produced by these methods.
- a material having a conventionally known polymer material strength can also be selected and used in various combinations without dissolving in a transparent dispersion medium used for electrophoretic display.
- examples include styrene, styrene acrylic, styrene isop Len-based, divinyl-benzene-based, methino-lemetharylate-based, methacrylate-based, ethynolemetharylate-based, ethyl acrylate-based, n-butyl acrylate-based, acrylic acid-based, Atari mouth-tolyl-based, acrylic rubber metal-based, Ethylene, ethylene acrylic acid, nylon, silicone, urethane, melamine, benzoguanamine, phenol, fluorine (tetrachloroethylene), chlorodivinylidene, quaternary pyridium salt, synthetic rubber, Polymer materials such as cellulosic cellulose, cellulose
- these polymer fine particles may be colored with a dye or a pigment by a known method, for example, by coloring a monomer before synthesizing the polymer fine particles, and then using the above method. And a method of coloring during the production of polymer fine particles, a method of coloring after producing high molecular fine particles, and the like.
- Another method is to physically disperse a dye or pigment in the above-mentioned polymer material obtained by pre-synthesizing, and then pulverize to a desired particle size.
- the colored polymer fine particles are not limited to those obtained by these methods.
- the fine particles subjected to the lipophilic surface treatment may have a surface portion of the above various fine particles (colored or colorless (white) inorganic pigment particles, organic pigment particles, polymer fine particles, etc.). It has been treated with a lipophilic surface treatment agent or the like.
- the lipophilic surface treatment agent examples include a coupling agent, a pigment derivative, and a lipophilic surfactant, and the use of a coupling agent is particularly desirable in terms of dispersibility and fluidity.
- Examples of the coupling agent that can be used include silane coupling agents, titanate coupling agents, aluminum coupling agents, zirconium coupling agents, zircoaluminate coupling agents, and chromium coupling agents. Coupling agents, and further, fluorine-based coupling agents and the like can be mentioned.
- titanate-based coupling agents include, for example, isopropyl triisostearoyl titanate, isopropyl tristearoyl titanate, isopropyl trioctanoyl titanate, isopropyl dimethacryl isostearyl titanate, isopropyl tridodecyl benzene sulfonyl titanate, isopropyl Isostearoyl diacryl titanate, isopitol pyrtol (dioctyl phosphate) titanate, isopropyl tritamyl phosphate-titanate, isopropyl tris (dioctyl pyrophosphate) titanate, isopropyl tri (n-aminoethyl-aminoethyl) titanate, Tetraisopropyl bis (dioctyl phosphite) titanate, tetraoctyl bis (ditridecyl
- Examples of the aluminum-based coupling agent include, for example, acetoalkodysium aluminum diisopropane. Provinate and the like.
- silane coupling agent examples include 3-aminopropyl triethoxysilane, 3-aminopropylmethyljetoxysilane, 3-ureidopropyltriethoxysilane, 3-ureidopropyltrimethoxysilane, 3-aminopropyltrimethoxysilane, 3-aminopropinolate tris (2-methoxyethoxyethoxyethoxy) silane, N-methyl-3-aminopropyltrimethoxysilane, N-aminoethyl-3-aminopropyl-3-methoxy Silane, diaminosilane, N-aminoethyl-3-aminopropylmethyldimethoxysilane, triaminopropyl-trimethoxysilane, 3-amino-4,5-dihydroimidazolepropyltriethoxysilane, 3-metachloryloxy Methoxysilane, 3-glycidoxypropyl Lime
- N-j8- ( ⁇ bulbenzylaminoethyl) - ⁇ -aminopropyltrimethoxysilane hydrochloride burtriacetoxysilane, ⁇ - ⁇ -linopropyltrimethoxysilane, octadecyldimethyl [ 3- (trimethoxysilyl) propyl] ammonium chloride, ⁇ -chlorop Mouth pillmethyldichlorosilane, ⁇ -methacryloxypropylmethyldimethoxysilane, trimethylmethoxysilane, trimethylethoxysilane, dimethyldimethoxysilane, dimethylethoxysilane, tetramethoxysilane, tetraethoxysilane, methinoresmethoxymethoxysilane, methinolediethoxysilane, Dimethinoleethoxysilane, dimethinolebininolemethoxysilane
- zirconium-based coupling agent examples include zirconium butyrate, zirconium acetyl acetate, acetylacetone zirconium butyrate, zirconium ratatate, zirconium butyrate stearate, tetra (triethanolamine) zirconate, and tetraisopropyl zirconate. And the like.
- Zircoaluminate-based coupling agents include product names A, C, C1, F, ⁇ , ⁇ -1, S, APG, CPG, CPM, FPM, MPG, ⁇ , and the like manufactured by Kusumoto Chemicals. Tetrapropyldialkoaluminate and the like can be mentioned.
- chromium-based coupling agent examples include a complex of chromium methacrylate and chromium chloride.
- fluorine-based coupling agent examples include trifluoropropyltrimethoxysilane, heptadecatrifluorodecyltrimethoxysilane, and the like.
- Each of the above-mentioned coupling agents may be used alone (one type), a plurality of (two or more types) coupling agents may be used in combination, or a plurality of coupling agents may be used. It is also possible to carry out the process using the stepwise.
- the surface treatment with the coupling agent and the like in the first invention is applicable not only to inorganic pigments but also to organic materials such as organic polymer polymer fine particles and organic pigment particles. ing. Some of these host particles have an unclear presence of an active reaction site (such as a hydroxyl group) capable of performing a coupling reaction with a coupling agent. Even when such base particles are subjected to a coupling treatment with various coupling agents as described above, the surface characteristics of the base particles can be changed by the coupling agent.
- an active reaction site such as a hydroxyl group
- the treatment with the coupling agent referred to in the present invention includes the above-mentioned change in surface characteristics.
- the lipophilic surface-treated fine particles include, specifically, ⁇ —2 TiO CR-50 (manufactured by Nikko Chemicals Co., Ltd., an acid whose surface has been treated with a titanium coupling agent).
- Titanium titanium average particle size about 0.4 m
- ITT-7 TiO TTO—S—3 Nikko Chemicals,
- Fine particle oxidized titanium whose surface is treated with a titanium coupling agent, average particle size of about 0.05-0.1 ⁇ m
- KR-380 manufactured by Titanium Industry Co., Ltd., acid treated with a lipophilic surface treatment agent
- KR-270 manufactured by Titanium Industry Co., Ltd., titanium oxide having a surface treated with a lipophilic surface treatment agent, average particle size: approximately 0.4 m
- Typeter CR— Particles obtained by treating 50 Ishihara Sangyo Co., Ltd., titanium oxide that forms a hydrophilic surface, average particle size of about 0.4 m
- a coupling agent for example, aluminum-based coupling agent, silane-based coupling agent
- FIG. 1 shows fine particles of titanium oxide ( ⁇ -2 TiO CR-50) obtained by treating the surface of titanium dioxide with a titanium coupling agent.
- the fine particles subjected to the lipophilic surface treatment are those in which the surface functional group is an alkoxycarbol group from the viewpoint of improving dispersibility in a dispersion medium and fluidity. Is particularly good Good.
- the isopropyl group is also removed from the propyl titanium triisostearate, which is a titanium coupling agent, and the titanium is bonded to the hydroxyl group on the powder surface. Can be performed.
- fine particles of the first invention to the third invention various fine particles having the above-mentioned structure can be used.
- those having an average particle diameter of 0.05 to 20 m are preferably used, and particularly preferably an average particle diameter of 0.1 to 20 m. 1-10 m is desirable.
- the average particle diameter of the fine particles is less than 0.05 m, the effect of diffusion due to the Brownian motion of the fine particles is exerted, the display characteristics are reduced, and the tendency of aggregation is increased, so that the dispersion system becomes unstable.
- the average particle diameter exceeds 20 m, sedimentation of the fine particles is liable to occur, which causes deterioration of display memory properties and dispersion stability.
- the fine particles to be used are preferably at least 10%, more preferably at least 10%, based on the total amount of the fine particles, from the viewpoint of further exerting the effects of the present invention.
- the content is 20 to 100%.
- the total content of the fine particles is preferably 3 to 50%, more preferably 5 to 35%, based on the total amount of the electrophoretic display solution.
- the black and white fine particles are used so that the total amount of both particles is 3% to 50% and a sufficient black and white contrast display can be performed. Can be used by changing the ratio.
- dispersant in the first invention various commonly used dispersants, surfactants, and high molecular surfactants can be used.
- the surfactant as a dispersant include the following non-ionic surfactants, silica-based surfactants, cationic surfactants, amphoteric surfactants, and polymeric surfactants.
- the power is not limited to these.
- non-ionic surfactants include polyoxyethylene noylphenol ether, polyoxyethylene dinoylphenol ether, polyoxyethylene octyl phenol ether, polyoxyethylene styrenated phenol, and polyoxypolyoxyethylene bis.
- Polyoxyalkylene alkyl phenol ethers such as phenol A, polyoxyethylene nonyl phenyl ether, polyoxyethylene octyl phenyl ether, nonyl phenol ethoxylate, polyoxyethylene castor, polyoxyalkylene block polymer, boroxyethylene cetyl ether , Polyoxyethylene lauryl ether, polyoxyethylene oleyl ether, polyoxyethylene stearyl ether, polyoxypropylene ether
- Polyoxyalkylene glycols such as diols, monool type polyoxyalkylene glycols, diol type polyoxyalkylene glycols, triol type polyoxyalkylene glycols, monol type block type polyalkylene glycols, and diol type block type Glycols such as polyalkylene glycols and random type polyalkylene glycols; primary linear alcohol ethoxylates such as octylphenol ethoxylate, oleyl alcohol ethoxylate
- Alkyl alcohol ethers such as chain alcohol-toxylate, polynuclear phenol ethoxylate, polyoxyethylene rosin ester, polyoxyethylene lauryl ester, Polyoxyalkylenealkyl esters such as lioxyethylene oleyl ester and boroxyethylene stearyl ester, sorbitan monolaurate, sorbitan monopalmitate, sorbitan monostearate, sorbitan dilaurate, sorbitan dipalmitate, sorbitan distearate Sorbitan sesquilaurate, sorbitan sesquipalmitate, sorbitan sesquistearate, sorbitan monooleate, sorbitan dioleate, sonolebitan sesquilate, sorbitan fatty acid esters such as sorbitan trioleate, polyoxyethylene sorbitan monolaurate , Polyoxyethylene sorbitan monopalmitate, polyoxyethylene sorbitan monostearate, polyoxyethylene sorb
- R 1R2-NH are oleyl, octyl, dodecyl, tetradecyl, hexadecyl, octadecyl, etc .
- R1R2R3-N are oleyl, octyl, dodecyl, tetradecyl, hexadecyl, octadecyl, etc., or.
- Higher fatty acids obtained from tallow, soybeans, etc. various synthetic higher alcohols, and various natural higher allols.
- Examples of the a-one type surfactant include carbonates such as special fatty acid stones I and rosin stones, castor oil sulfates, lauryl alcohol sulfates Na salts, and lauryl alcohol sulfates.
- Alcohol-based sulfates such as amine salts, natural alcohol sulfate Na salt, higher alcohol sulfate sodium salt, etc .; sulfate ester amine salt of teryl alcohol ether; ester sodium sulfate of lauryl alcohol ether; and synthetic higher alcohol ether Sulfate amine salt, synthetic high-grade alcohol Sulfuric acid ester sodium salt, alkyl polyether sulfate ester amine salt, alkyl polyether sulfate sodium salt, natural alcohol EO (ethylene oxide) addition system Sulfuric acid ester amine salt, natural alcohol EO (ethylene oxide) addition system Sulfuric acid ester Na salt, synthetic alcohol EO (ethylene oxide) -based sulphate ester amine salt, synthetic alcohol EO (ethylene oxide) -containing sulphate sodium salt, alkylphenol EO (ethylene oxide) -equipped sulphate Sulfuric acid ester amine salt, alkyl phenol EO (ethylene oxide) -containing
- Esters Salts alkyl phosphates, alkoxyalkyl phosphates, higher alcohol phosphates, higher alcohol phosphates, alkylphenol phosphates, aromatic resins Esters, polyoxyalkylene alkyl ether phosphoric acid esters, phosphoric acid esters of polio xylene alkylether ⁇ Lil ether phosphate and phosphorus Acid salts and the like.
- ZX is a halogen, amine, etc.] polyoxyalkylene-based quaternary ammonium salt.
- amphoteric surfactant examples include various betaine surfactants, various imidazoline surfactants, j8-alanine surfactant, polyoctyl polyaminoethyl glycine hydrochloride, and the like.
- the high molecular weight surfactant that can be used is a polymer having a large molecular weight as compared with a low molecular weight molecular weight (number average molecular weight, the same applies hereinafter) of about several hundred. It is a polymer that has a molecular weight of about 10,000 or more, which is generally called a polymer, and contains compounds including low polymers, which are generally called oligomers having a molecular weight of 10,000 or less.
- polymeric surfactant examples include the following anionic polymeric surfactants, cationic polymeric surfactants, and non-ionic polymeric surfactants.
- Examples of the a-one type polymer surfactant include styrene-maleic anhydride copolymer, olefin maleic anhydride copolymer, naphthalene sulfonate condensate, and naphthalene sulfonate formalin condensate And sodium polyacrylate, a polycarboxylic acid type anionic surfactant, a partially hydrolyzed polyacrylamide, a copolymer of sodium acrylamide sodium acrylate and soda alginate.
- cationic polymer type surfactant examples include polyethyleneimine, polybutyl imidazolidone, aminoalkyl (meth) atalylate acrylamide copolymer, modified polyacrylamide Mannich, chitosan, and the like.
- non-ionic polymer type surfactant examples include polybutyl alcohol, a copolymer of polyoxyethylene ether ester, polyacrylamide, a polycarboxylic acid compound, an oligomer of a hydroxy fatty acid, an oligomer modified product of a hydroxy fatty acid, and a polyhydropolymer.
- examples thereof include xy fatty acids, modified polyhydroxy fatty acids, poly-1,2-hydroxystearic acid, N-polyoxyalkylene polyalkylene polyamine, and starch.
- the dispersant of the present invention hardly adversely affects the positive and negative charges on the surface of the fine particles particularly when enclosing the electrophoretic display liquid in microcapsules.
- dispersants can be used singly or in combination of two or more.
- the content of the dispersant is appropriately determined depending on the type of the fine particles and the solvent used. 0.01 to 50.0% is more preferable, and more preferably, it is 1 to 30%.
- the content of the dispersant is less than 0.01%, it is difficult to ensure sufficient dispersion stability of the dispersion, while if it exceeds 50%, the conductivity of the dispersion medium becomes high, Display characteristics are adversely affected by, for example, an increase in the viscosity of the dispersion system, which is not preferable.
- the dispersion medium for example, those of various types conventionally used for electrophoretic display can be used.
- aromatic hydrocarbons include benzene, alkylbenzene derivatives such as toluene, xylene, ethylbenzene and dodecylbenzene, phenyloxylylethane, 1,1-ditolylethane, 1,2-ditolylethane, 1,2-bis (3 Diarylalkane derivatives such as 2,4-dimethylphenylethane) (BDMF), alkylnaphthalene derivatives such as diisopropylnaphthalene, alkylbiphenyl derivatives such as monoisopropylbiphenyl, isopropylbiphenyl and isoamylbiphenyl, etc.
- alkylbenzene derivatives such as toluene, xylene, ethylbenzene and dodecylbenzene
- phenyloxylylethane 1,1-ditolylethane
- 1,2-ditolylethane 1,
- Hydrogenated terphenyl derivatives such as dibenzyltoluene, benzylnaphthalene derivatives
- Examples include a diene oxide derivative, a diarylalkylene derivative, an arylindane derivative, a polychlorinated biphenyl derivative, and a naphthenic hydrocarbon.
- aliphatic hydrocarbons such as hexane, cyclohexane, kerosene, isopar, and paraffin-based hydrocarbon, chloroform, trichloroethylene, tetrachloroethylene, trifluoroethylene, tetrafluoroethylene, dichloromethane, bromide
- Halogenated hydrocarbons such as tyl, phosphates such as tricresyl phosphate, trioctyl phosphate, octerdiphenyl phosphate and tricyclohexyl phosphate, dibutyl phthalate, dioctyl phthalate, dilauryl phthalate; Phthalates such as dicyclohexyl phthalate, butyl oleate, jetylene glycol dibenzoate, dioctyl sebacate, dibutyl sebacate, dioctyl adipate, trioctyl trimellitate, acetyl,
- these dispersion media can be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- a solvent having a low dielectric constant (5.0 or less) is particularly preferably used, and is preferably selected so as to have the same specific gravity as the fine particles.
- the content of the dispersion medium is preferably 25 to 85% based on the total amount of the electrophoretic display liquid. It is desirable to be 30-60%.
- this dispersion medium If the content of this dispersion medium is less than 25%, the viscosity of the liquid will increase, and the response speed will decrease.On the other hand, if it exceeds 85%, sufficient contrast cannot be displayed. Is not preferred.
- various oil-soluble dyes can be dissolved in the above-mentioned dispersion medium and colored.
- the dyes that can be used include the following: The present invention is not limited to these.
- dyes examples include, for example, spirit black (SB, SSBB, AB), diglycine base (SA, SAP, SAPL, EE, EEL, EX, EXBP, EB), and oil yellow (105, 107, 129).
- spirit black SB, SSBB, AB
- diglycine base SA, SAP, SAPL, EE, EEL, EX, EXBP, EB
- oil yellow 105, 107, 129.
- the liquid for electrophoretic display of the first invention comprises at least an alkyl polyetheramine having a structural unit represented by the general formula (I), one or more kinds of fine particles described above, a dispersant, and a dispersion medium.
- the fine particles contain fine particles that have been subjected to a lipophilic surface treatment, but the optional components used in the electrophoretic display liquid may be appropriately added within a range that does not impair the effects of the present invention. Can be contained.
- Optional components that can be used include ultraviolet absorbers, antioxidants, light stabilizers, heat stabilizers, fungicides, and the like.
- the liquid for electrophoretic display of the first invention comprises at least an alkyl polyetheramine having a structural unit represented by the above general formula (I), and the above-mentioned liquid containing fine particles subjected to lipophilic surface treatment.
- One or more types of fine particles, a dispersant, and a dispersion medium are mixed and stirred, and then subjected to various dispersion treatments such as a mediumless dispersion method such as ultrasonic dispersion and a dispersion method using a medium such as a wet bead mill. can do.
- a classification process using the principle of centrifugation or a particle size adjustment method using a filtration method can be performed.
- the alkyl polyetheramine having at least the structural unit represented by the general formula (I), one or more kinds of fine particles, and a dispersant And a dispersion medium, and the fine particles are subjected to a lipophilic surface treatment.
- a material that contains fine particles it is possible to provide a highly reliable contrast display even during repeated display with a high display surface contrast, and to provide a product with excellent responsiveness. It becomes.
- the electrophoretic display liquid of the second invention includes an alkylpolyetheramine having at least a structural unit represented by the general formula (I), and a structure represented by the general formula ( ⁇ ). It is characterized by containing a polyoxyethyleneoxypropylene block polymer having units, at least one kind of fine particles, and a dispersion medium.
- the polymer used in the second invention improves the dispersibility of fine particles and the stability over time of the electrophoretic display liquid, and has a structural formula represented by the above general formula (II).
- a polyoxyethyleneoxy propylene block polymer having an average molecular weight of 1,000 to 4,000 is preferred from the viewpoint of solubility in a low dielectric constant solvent. It is desirable that the ethylene oxide content in the ethyleneoxypropylene block polymer be 50% by weight or less, particularly preferably 5 to 30% by weight.
- polyoxyethylene oxypropylene block polymers that can be used include Pronon 102 (average molecular weight 1250, ethylene oxide amount 20 wt./o) and Pronon 104 (average molecular weight 1670, ethylene oxide manufactured by NOF Corporation). oxide of 40 wt%), Purono emissions 201 (average molecular weight 2220, ethylene oxide content 10 wt 0/0), Plonon 204 (average molecular weight 3300, ethylene oxide content 40 wt 0/0), Plonon 208 (average molecular weight 10000 And at least one (e.g., 80% by weight of ethylene oxide).
- the solvent is not limited to these as long as it is at least soluble in a dispersion medium.
- the content of these polyoxyethylene oxypropylene block polymers is preferably 0.01 to 30%, more preferably 0.01 to 10%, based on the total amount of the display liquid. Is desirable.
- the content of the polyoxyethylene oxypropylene block polymer is less than 0.01%, the dispersibility of the fine particles is reduced, and the temporal stability of the electrophoretic display liquid is deteriorated.
- the polyoxyethyleneoxypropylene block polymer having the above characteristics is used as compared with the above-described electrophoretic display liquid of the first invention, only one type is used.
- the above-mentioned fine particles which have not been subjected to lipophilic surface treatment can be used, and the effects of the present invention can be exhibited without using a dispersant.
- Each component such as a dispersion medium, a dispersant, a surfactant, a high molecular surfactant, a colorant (dye), and the like.
- the content of each component is the same as that of each component used in the electrophoretic display liquid of the first invention described above. The description is omitted because it is similar.
- the fine particles may be those having been subjected to lipophilic surface treatment, or may contain a dispersant.
- the liquid for electrophoretic display of the second invention has at least an alkyl polyetheramine having a structural unit represented by the general formula (I) and a structural unit represented by the general formula ( ⁇ ). It contains a polyoxyethylene oxypropylene block polymer, one or more types of fine particles, and a dispersion medium, but contains an appropriate amount of an optional component used in an electrophoretic display liquid within a range not to impair the effects of the present invention. can do.
- Optional components that can be used include ultraviolet absorbers, antioxidants, light stabilizers, heat stabilizers, fungicides, and the like.
- the electrophoretic display liquid of the second invention has at least an alkyl polyetheramine having a structural unit represented by the general formula (I) and a structural unit represented by the general formula ( ⁇ ⁇ )
- a medialess dispersion method such as ultrasonic dispersion
- a dispersion method using a medium such as a wet bead mill, etc.
- a classification process using the principle of centrifugal separation or a particle size adjustment method by a filtration method can be performed.
- an alkylpolyetheramine having at least the structural unit represented by the general formula (I) and a liquid represented by the general formula ( ⁇ )
- a polyoxyethylene oxypropylene block polymer with a structural unit to be used, one containing at least one type of fine particles, and a dispersion medium, the display surface has high contrast and high reliability even during repeated display.
- a display having a high contrast and a high responsiveness.
- the electrophoretic display liquid of the third invention has at least an alkyl polyetheramine having a structural unit represented by the general formula (I) and a structural unit represented by the general formula ( ⁇ ). It is characterized by containing a polyoxyethylene oxypropylene block polymer, an acetylene derivative having a structural unit represented by the following general formula ( III ), one or more kinds of fine particles, and a dispersion medium.
- 11 4 and 11 6 is a saturated hydrocarbon group or unsaturated hydrocarbon group
- R e is 0 CH 2 CH (CH 3) -, or (OCH 2 CH 2) m- OH
- R 7 is OCH 2 CH (CH 3 ) — or (0 CH 2 CH 2 ) n—OH.
- m, ri is 0 or a positive number der is, also the R B and R 7 shall apply the same or may be different.
- the acetylene derivative used in the third invention improves the durability and reliability of the electrophoretic display liquid, and is represented by the structural formula represented by the above general formula ( ⁇ ).
- acetylenic alcohol derivatives R and R are isobutyl groups
- R and R are --OH groups (m and n are 0)), and ethylene oxide of acetylenic alcohol derivative
- Surfynol 104 [acetylene alcohol derivative, R and R are isobutyl groups, and R and R are -OH
- the acetylene derivative represented by the general formula (I) has an HLB of 10 or less, more preferably 2-5.
- HLB the affinity for the electrophoretic display liquid is further improved, and the repetitive display characteristics are further improved.
- the content of these acetylene derivatives is preferably 0.01% to 10.0%, more preferably 0.05% to 5.0%, based on the total amount of the display liquid.
- the content of the acetylene derivative is less than 0.01%, the effect of sufficiently improving the repetitive display characteristics is not exhibited, while if it exceeds 10.0%, the viscosity of the electrophoretic display solution may increase. And may adversely affect electrophoretic properties.
- the liquid for electrophoretic display of the third aspect of the present invention further contains an acetylene derivative having the above characteristics as compared with the liquid for electrophoretic display of the second aspect of the present invention.
- Polyoxyethylene oxypropylene block polymer having a structural unit One or more kinds of fine particles, a dispersion medium, a dispersant, a surfactant, a polymer type surfactant, a coloring agent (dye), etc.
- fine particles having a lipophilic surface treatment may be used, or a fine particle may contain a dispersant.
- the liquid for electrophoretic display of the third invention has at least an alkyl polyetheramine having a structural unit represented by the general formula (I) and a structural unit represented by the general formula ( ⁇ ) It contains a polyoxyethylene oxypropylene block polymer, an acetylene derivative having a structural unit represented by the above general formula ( ⁇ ), one or more types of fine particles, and a dispersion medium. Any component used in the electrophoretic display liquid can be contained in an appropriate amount within a range not to impair.
- Optional components that can be used include ultraviolet absorbers, antioxidants, light stabilizers, heat stabilizers, fungicides, and the like.
- the liquid for electrophoretic display of the third invention has at least an alkyl polyetheramine having a structural unit represented by the general formula (I) and a structural unit represented by the general formula ( ⁇ ).
- an acetylene derivative having a structural unit represented by the above general formula ( ⁇ ) one or more kinds of fine particles and a dispersion medium, medialess dispersion such as ultrasonic dispersion is performed. It can be prepared by performing various dispersion treatments by a method, a dispersion method using a medium by a wet bead mill, or the like. Further, if necessary, in order to control the particle size of the fine particles, a classification process using the principle of centrifugation or a particle size adjusting method by a filtration method can be performed.
- the liquid for electrophoretic display according to the third aspect of the present invention which is configured as described above, includes at least an alkyl polyetheramine having a structural unit represented by the general formula (I) and a compound represented by the general formula ( ⁇ ) A polyoxyethylene oxypropylene block polymer having a structural unit represented by the following general formula (III), an acetylene derivative having a structural unit represented by the general formula (III), one or more kinds of fine particles, By using the one containing the dispersion liquid medium, the contrast of the display surface is high, and the contrast can be displayed with high reliability even in the case of repeated display. You can do it.
- the liquid for electrophoretic display according to any one of the first to third aspects of the present invention is a microcapsule or a cell in which each of the cells is independent. It is characterized by being done.
- FIGS. 2 and 3 show one-particle and two-particle embodiments in which the electrophoretic display liquid is enclosed in a structure having microcapsule strength.
- Fig. 2 shows the electrophoretic display solution obtained by dispersing the oxidized titanium particles or the lipophilic treated oxidized titanium particles in a predetermined formulation in a solution colored black with an oil-soluble dye, and microencapsulated with urea-formaldehyde resin.
- the reference numeral 1 indicates positively charged (titanium oxide) white particles, 2 indicates a black solvent, and 3 indicates a capsule wall.
- Fig. 3 shows an electrophoretic display liquid obtained by dispersing an oxidized titanium particle or a lipophilic treated oxidized titanium particle and an acrylic polymer cross-linked particle containing carbon black in a dispersion medium in a predetermined mixture, using a urethane urea resin.
- reference numeral 4 denotes a brush-charged (titanium oxide) white particle
- 5 denotes an uncharged black particle (crosslinked acrylic polymer particles containing carbon black)
- 6 denotes an uncolored solvent
- 7 denotes a non-colored solvent.
- FIG. 4 and FIG. 6 show embodiments in which the electrophoretic display liquid is sealed in a structure composed of cells, and each pattern of each cell is schematically shown.
- FIGS. 7 to 9 schematically show cross-sectional views when a microcapsule or a cell structure sheet is arranged between facing electrodes.
- reference numeral 10 denotes a transparent electrode.
- Reference numeral 11 denotes a binder resin layer
- reference numeral 12 denotes a microcapsule
- reference numeral 13 denotes a counter substrate
- reference numeral 14 denotes a cell forming sheet (the same applies to FIGS. 10 and 11).
- microcapsules used for the electrophoretic display medium of the present invention can be prepared by a commonly used in-situ polymerization method, interfacial polymerization method, coacervation method, or the like.
- Microcapsule wall materials include polyurethane, polyurea, polyurea polyurethane, urea formaldehyde resin, melamine formaldehyde resin, polyamide, polyester, polysulfonamide, polycarbonate, polysulfinate, epoxy resin, Acrylic acid esters, methacrylic acid esters, butyl acetate, gelatin and the like can be mentioned.
- the particle diameter of the microcapsules used for the electrophoretic display particles of the present invention is
- the particle diameter of the microcapsules is less than 10 ⁇ m, there is a disadvantage that sufficient contrast cannot be obtained, while if it exceeds 200 m, a sufficient response speed cannot be obtained unless the applied voltage is increased. This would cause inconvenience, and is not preferable.
- the particle size of the microcapsules be within a certain distribution as much as possible. If it is non-uniform, display unevenness occurs and the display characteristics are degraded.
- the microcapsules used in the electrophoretic display medium of the present invention are intended to at least prevent voids from being generated between the microcapsules when being incorporated between opposing electrodes attached to the display device. It is preferable that the capsules have flexibility so that they are arranged at a high density.
- the ratio of the region that does not contribute to the display is extremely reduced, the contrast is increased, and the microcapsules are also in contact with the counter electrode on the surface, so that display unevenness is less likely to occur, and high quality display characteristics are obtained.
- An electrophoretic display device can be obtained.
- the flexibility of the microcapsules results in an increase in the mechanical strength, and when the microcapsules are arranged by a coating method on the display electrodes. And the like are also improved.
- the coating liquid used for coating the substrate electrode with the microcapsules used for the electrophoretic display medium in the present invention may be a water-dispersed resin-based binder, a solvent-soluble resin-based binder, or the like. Although it is possible, it is desirable that the microcapsules have good dispersibility in the coating liquid in order to uniformly arrange the microcapsules when applying to the substrate.
- microcapsules are uniformly contacted with each other in the drying step, and that the microcapsules are not in contact with each other in the final drying step.
- the electrophoretic display liquid is sealed in an independently divided cell structure.
- the structure of the cell to be filled with the electrophoretic display solution has electrodes for contact with the electrophoretic display solution and the cells have ozone treatment and plasma treatment in terms of controlling the affinity for the electrophoretic particles.
- a hydrophilization treatment selected from a corona treatment, a UV opening treatment, a sputtering treatment, a poromer layer formation treatment, an inorganic layer formation treatment, and an organic or inorganic hybrid layer formation treatment be performed!
- the ozone treatment aims to introduce a functional group (hydrophilic group) such as a hydroxyperoxy group, a hydroxyl group, or a carbonyl group by bringing a cell sheet into contact with ozone molecules.
- Exposure causes hydrophilic treatment.
- the exposure method includes, for example, a method of maintaining the ozone in an atmosphere for a predetermined time and a method of exposing the same to an ozone stream for a predetermined time, but is not particularly limited.
- the plasma treatment is performed by placing the cell sheet in a container containing air, oxygen, nitrogen, carbon dioxide, argon, neon, or the like, and exposing the cell sheet surface to oxygen, nitrogen, or the like.
- the purpose of the introduction is to introduce functional groups (hydrophilic groups) such as carboxylic acid groups, carbonyl groups, amino groups, etc., including plasma discharge, DC discharge, low frequency discharge, radio wave discharge, microwave discharge
- functional groups hydrophilic groups
- Air plasma treatment and oxygen plasma treatment are preferred from the viewpoint of introducing a hydrophilic functional group containing an oxygen atom.
- the inner surface of the cell sheet can be hydrophilized by passing the cell sheet through an electric field in which corona discharge occurs.
- At least one modifier compound selected from the group consisting of an alkylsilane compound, an alkoxysilane compound, an alkyltitanium compound, an alkoxytitanium compound, an alkylaluminum compound, and an alkoxyaluminum compound is preferable.
- a fuel gas flame containing at least one of the modifier compounds having a boiling point of 10-100 ° C is sprayed on the above-mentioned cell sheet (key oxidizing flame treatment, titanium oxidizing flame treatment, aluminum oxidizing flame treatment) By doing so, the inner surface of the cell sheet can be hydrophilized.
- the flame temperature during the spraying process is 500-1500 ° C, and the processing time is about 0.1-100 seconds.
- the electrodes and the cells in contact with the liquid for electrophoretic display are subjected to a sputtering treatment and a polymer treatment.
- the hydrophilization treatment can also be performed by a layer formation treatment, an inorganic layer formation treatment, or an organic or inorganic hybrid layer formation treatment.
- the electrophoretic display liquid is sealed in an independently divided cell structure.
- volume of the divided cells is preferably 1 X 10- 9 cc- 1 X 10- 3 cc.
- this volume is less than 1 X 10- 9 cc, it tends to occur such as reduction in display contrast, hand, the volume of the cell exceeds 1 X 10- 3 cc, the thickener is happening inside each cell This causes problems such as display unevenness.
- the display surface has high contrast when repeatedly displayed.
- the contrast can be displayed with high reliability, and characteristics with excellent responsiveness can be realized.
- the electrophoretic display device of the present invention includes at least one of a pair of substrates on each of which a light-transmitting electrode is formed, and an electrophoretic display medium having the above-described configuration between the substrates. It is a feature.
- Examples of the electrophoretic display device of the present invention include the following forms 1) to 1), but the electrophoretic display device of the present invention is not limited thereto.
- a space is formed by disposing a pair of display substrates having electrodes provided on one surface of a substrate with the electrode surfaces opposed to each other via a spacer, and forming a space in the space.
- An electrophoretic display device wherein at least one display substrate is provided with a transparent electrode on one surface of a transparent substrate.
- a space is formed by opposing an insulating film via a spacer to a display substrate provided with electrodes on one side of the substrate, and the space is filled with the electrophoretic display liquid of the present invention.
- an electrophoretic display device in which at least one of the display substrate and the insulating film is transparent.
- a space is formed by disposing a pair of display substrates having electrodes provided on one surface of a substrate with the electrode surfaces facing each other via a spacer, and forming a space in the space.
- An electrophoretic display device in which display particles are filled, and at least one display substrate is provided with a transparent electrode on one surface of a transparent substrate.
- a space is formed by opposing an insulating film via a spacer to a display substrate having electrodes provided on one surface of the substrate, and the space is filled with the electrophoretic display particles of the present invention. Further, an electrophoretic display device in which at least one of the display substrate and the insulating film is transparent.
- An electrophoretic display in which the electrophoretic display medium of the present invention is applied together with a binder to a display substrate in which a transparent or opaque electrode is provided on one side of a transparent or opaque substrate.
- a space is formed by disposing a pair of display substrates having electrodes provided on one surface of the substrate with the electrode surfaces facing each other via a spacer, and the space is formed by a lattice-like wall or the like.
- An electrophoretic display device in which a cell is filled with the electrophoretic display liquid of the present invention in an independently divided state, and at least one of the display substrates is provided with a transparent electrode on one surface of a transparent substrate.
- the volume of the independently divided cells is 1 ⁇ 10 9 cc to 1 ⁇ 10 3 cc.
- FIG. 10 shows an electrophoretic display device using a display medium in which a one-particle type electrophoretic display liquid of FIG. 2 is encapsulated in a microcapsule structure.
- FIG. 11 shows the two-particle electrophoretic display device of FIG. This is an electrophoretic display device using a display medium in which a liquid for electrophoretic display is sealed in a structure composed of microcapsules.
- an electrophoretic display device in which an ITO glass electrode with a thickness of (Dl, D3) 1100 m is used as the counter electrode, and a voltage is applied using a 500 ⁇ m-thick spacer sheet (D2).
- dl and d2 are the thickness of the ITO thin film (0.15 / zm).
- the electrophoretic display device of the present invention includes It is also possible to sandwich a film-like sheet having a large number of cells containing a display liquid between the counter electrodes.
- the method for forming the liquid storage sheet for electrophoretic display can be produced by forming fine cells on a thin film sheet by application of various UV laser processing techniques, photo etching, and various printing methods.
- the electrophoretic display device of the present invention configured as described above has a repetitive display with high contrast. Contrast display can be performed with high reliability at the time of display, and characteristics with excellent responsiveness are realized.
- composition of each Example and Comparative Example shown in Table 1 below was dispersed for 60 minutes with a paint shaker using glass beads to prepare a liquid for electrophoretic display.
- Fine particles used (A-1-1A-8, B-1-1B-2), dye, dispersion medium (C1-1C3), dispersant (D-1-D4), alkyl polyetheramine, etc. (E1-1E6) used the following.
- Fine particles A [0089] Fine particles A:
- A— 1 ITT-2 TiO CR-50 (Nikko Chemicals Co., Ltd.), titanium coupling agent on the surface
- A— 2 ITT-7 TiO TTO-S-3 (manufactured by Nikko Chemicals Co., Ltd.)
- Fine particle titanium oxide average particle size about 0.05-0. L ⁇ m
- A—3 KR—380 (manufactured by Titanium Industry Co., Ltd.), oxidized titanium whose surface was treated with a lipophilic surface treatment agent, average particle size of about 0.5 ⁇
- ⁇ —4 KR—270 (manufactured by Titanium Industry Co., Ltd.), oxidized titanium whose surface has been treated with a lipophilic surface treating agent, average particle size of about 0.4 ⁇
- A-6 Taipeta CR-50 (manufactured by Ishihara Sangyo Co., Ltd.), titanium oxide with hydrophilic surface, average particle size of about 0.4 ⁇
- ⁇ —7 Particles obtained by treating Taipeta CR-50 (Ishihara Sangyo Co., Ltd.) with Prenact AL—M (Ajinomoto Co., Alum-Parm Coupling Agent) (average particle size about 0.4 ⁇ )
- ⁇ -8 Particles obtained by treating Taipeta CR-50 (manufactured by Ishihara Sangyo Co., Ltd.) with KBE-503 (manufactured by Shin-Etsu Silicone Co., Ltd., silane coupling agent) (average particle size: about 0.4 ⁇ ) Particle B:
- B—1 Labcolor 220 (MD) Black (acrylic copolymer colored beads, manufactured by Dainichi Seika Kogyo Co., Ltd.), average particle size about 10 ⁇ m
- ITT-2 BLACK BL-100 manufactured by Nikko Chemicals Co., Ltd.
- black iron oxide whose surface has been treated with a titanium coupling agent, average particle size about 0.25 ⁇ ⁇
- Dispersion medium C is a liquid crystal
- E-1 Nymin L 201 (Nippon Yushi), hydroxyethyl laurylamine
- E-2 Nymin L 202 (Nippon Yushi)
- E-3 Nymeen S—202 (Nippon Yushi)
- Polyethylene glycol stearylamine E-4 Nymeen T-202 (manufactured by NOF Corporation), polyethylene glycol alkyl (tallow)
- E-5 DT-203 (manufactured by NOF Corporation), polyoxyethylene alkyl (tallow) propylenediamine
- An electrophoretic display medium using each of the electrophoretic display liquids obtained in Table 1 above was prepared by the following methods, and the reflectance of the white display surface and the visual white display surface were evaluated by the following evaluation methods.
- the reflectance of the colored display surface, the evaluation of the visually colored display surface, the aggregation and adhesion of fine particles, the responsiveness, and the contrast were evaluated.
- Table 2 shows the results of evaluating the physical properties of these electrophoretic display media.
- a glass substrate (thickness: 1.1 mm) on which a transparent conductive film (film) was formed on one side was used, and this glass substrate was paired through a spacer about The cells were arranged facing each other to form cells.
- a voltage of +200 V or 200 V is applied to each of the electrophoretic display media of the Examples and Comparative Examples produced by the above method through the electrodes of the media to cause electrophoresis, and the formed white or colored display is formed.
- the reflectivity of the surface was measured using MSC-5N (manufactured by Suga Test Instruments Co., Ltd .; the same applies hereinafter).
- the following methods were used to visually evaluate the white display and the colored display, evaluate the aggregation and adhesion of particles, and evaluate the contrast ratio.
- the whiteness of the white display surface and the color depth of the colored display surface which were displayed by applying a voltage were visually evaluated for sensory evaluation according to the following evaluation criteria.
- Agglomeration of particles and adhesion to the electrode surface can be achieved by applying + 200V or 200V voltage alternately 100 times at 1 second intervals!], Switching the display, and visually observing the color change and state of the display. It was observed and evaluated according to the following evaluation criteria.
- Hffi example 1 35 0 ⁇ ⁇ 8 0 ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ 4.4
- the electrophoretic display medium of Example 119 which falls within the scope of the present invention is the electrophoretic display medium of Comparative Example 116 which falls outside the scope of the present invention.
- the reflectance of the white display surface and the colored display surface is superior, the white display visually and the color of the colored display are also excellent, and the responsiveness and contrast that eliminates aggregation and adhesion of fine particles and fine particles are also improved. It turned out to be excellent.
- microcapsule type (MC) and sheet type (S) electrophoretic display devices were prepared by the following methods, and the reflectance of the white display surface and the visual white display surface were evaluated by the above-described evaluation methods. Evaluation, reflectance of the colored display surface, evaluation of the visually colored display surface, adhesion of fine particles, adhesion, and responsiveness were evaluated. Table 3 below shows the results of evaluation of the physical properties of these electrophoretic display devices.
- a 100 g dispersion was prepared at the mixing ratio described in Example 2 above.
- the pH was lowered to 4.0 using an aqueous acetic acid solution under predetermined stirring conditions to form gelatin Z arabic coacervate, and then cooled to about 5 ° C over about 30 minutes.
- 10 g of a 35% aqueous solution of formalin was prepared, heated to 50 ° C., and cured for about 2 hours to prepare a slurry of microcapsules.
- the average particle size of the obtained microcapsules was 80 ⁇ m.
- microcapsule slurry obtained in (2) above was mixed at a ratio of 1.5 parts of an aqueous urethane binder solution, and coated on an ITO transparent electrode of PET substrate using an applicator coater. Then, it was sufficiently dried under a condition of 50 ° C. dry.
- This display cell was adhered on the counter electrode substrate, and vacuum-pressed so that the gap between the counter electrodes was 60 m, to produce a display device, which was evaluated.
- a 100 g dispersion was prepared at the blending ratio described in Example 9 above.
- the average particle size of the obtained microcapsules was 90 ⁇ m.
- microcapsule slurry obtained in (2) above was mixed with 2 parts of an aqueous silicon-based binder solution containing a predetermined amount of a dielectric constant adjusting material, and an applicator was applied on an ITO transparent electrode of PET substrate. Coating was carried out using a machine and dried sufficiently at 50 ° C. under dry conditions.
- the display cell was adhered to the counter electrode substrate, and a display device was fabricated by vacuum pressure so that the gap between the counter electrodes was 60 m, and evaluation was performed.
- the average particle size of the obtained microcapsules was 75 ⁇ m.
- microcapsule slurry obtained in (2) above is mixed with 2 parts of a PVA-based binder solution containing a predetermined amount of a dielectric constant adjusting material, and an applicator coater is applied on the ITO transparent electrode of PET substrate. And dried sufficiently under the condition of 50 ° C. dry.
- the display cell is adhered to the counter electrode substrate to reduce the gap between the counter electrodes to 60 m.
- a display device was produced by vacuum pressure as described above and evaluated.
- a 100 g dispersion was prepared at the mixing ratio described in Example 2 above.
- a sheet patterned with a size pattern was filled with electrophoretic ink, and the sheet was placed on the ITO transparent electrode and the counter electrode of the PET substrate.
- a display device was fabricated and evaluated.
- the microcapsule type (MC) and sheet type (S) electrophoretic display devices have excellent reflectance on the white display surface and the colored display surface, and are visually recognizable. It was found that the coloration of the white display and the colored display was excellent, and that it was excellent in the responsiveness and the contrast which did not cause aggregation and adhesion of the fine particles.
- Fine particles used (A-1, B-1), colorant (dye), dispersion medium (C-1, C-14), polyoxyethylene propylene (POEOP) block polymer F, dispersant (D- 2), alkyl polyetheramine and the like (E) used below.
- A—1 ITT-2 TiO CR-50 (Nikko Chemicals), titanium coupling agent on the surface
- B—1 Labcolor 220 (MD) Black (acrylic copolymer colored beads, manufactured by Dainichi Seika Kogyo Co., Ltd.), average particle size about 10 ⁇ m
- Dispersion medium C is a liquid crystal
- F- 1 Plonon 102 (average molecular weight 1250, ethylene oxide content 20 wt 0/0, manufactured by NOF Corporation)
- Plonon 104 (average molecular weight 1670, ethylene oxide content 40 wt 0/0, manufactured by NOF Corporation)
- Plonon 201 (average molecular weight 2220, ethylene oxide content 10 wt 0/0, manufactured by NOF Corporation)
- Plonon 204 (average molecular weight 3300, ethylene oxide content 40 wt 0/0, manufactured by NOF Corporation)
- Plonon 208 (average molecular weight 10000, ethylene oxide amount 80 weight 0/0, manufactured by Nippon Oil Aburasha)
- E-1 Nyamin L 201 (manufactured by NOF Corporation), hydroxyethyl laurylamine
- E-3 Nyamin S-202 (Nippon Yushi), polyethylene glycol stearylamine
- E-5 DT-203 (Nippon Yushi), polyoxyethylene alkyl (tallow) propylene diamine
- An electrophoretic display medium using each of the electrophoretic display liquids obtained in Table 4 above was prepared in the same manner as in Example 1 above, and the reflectance of the white display surface was determined by each of the evaluation methods described above.
- the reflectance of the colored display surface, the visual colored display surface, the agglomeration of fine particles, adhesion, responsiveness, and contrast were used to evaluate the temperature at 50 ° C and 1M (1 month).
- Table 5 shows the results of evaluating the properties of these electrophoretic display media.
- the electrophoretic display media of Examples 20 to 25 that fall within the scope of the present invention are the same as the electrophoretic display media of Comparative Examples 7 to 11 that fall outside the scope of the present invention.
- the reflectance of the white display surface and the colored display surface is excellent, the white color visually and the tint of the colored display are excellent, and the responsiveness and contrast that prevent the adhesion and adhesion of fine particles and fine particles are improved. Even after storage at 1 ° C for 1 month (° C), it was found that the responsiveness and the contrast without aggregation and adhesion of the fine particles were excellent.
- microcapsule type (MC) and sheet type (S) electrophoretic display devices were prepared by the following methods, and the reflectance of the white display surface and the visual white display surface were evaluated by the above-described evaluation methods. Evaluation, reflectance of colored display surface, evaluation of visual colored display surface, aggregation of fine particles, adhesion, response, contrast, and aggregation of fine particles after storage at 50 ° C, 1M (1 month), adhesion and response The evaluation methods of the properties and contrast were evaluated.
- Table 6 shows the results of evaluating the properties of these electrophoretic display devices.
- a 100 g dispersion was prepared at the mixing ratio described in Example 20 above.
- the pH was lowered to 4.0 using an aqueous acetic acid solution under predetermined stirring conditions to form gelatin Z arabic coacervate, and then cooled to about 5 ° C over about 30 minutes.
- 10 g of a 35% aqueous solution of formalin was prepared, heated to 50 ° C., and cured for about 2 hours to prepare a slurry of microcapsules.
- the average particle size of the obtained microcapsules was 80 ⁇ m.
- An aqueous urethane binder is added to 1 part of the microcapsule slurry obtained in (2) above.
- One solution was mixed in a ratio of 1.5 parts, coated on an ITO transparent electrode of PET substrate using an applicator coater, and dried sufficiently at 50 ° C dry.
- the display cell was adhered to the counter electrode substrate, and vacuum-pressed so that the gap between the counter electrodes became 60 m, to produce a display device, which was evaluated.
- a 100 g dispersion was prepared at the mixing ratio described in Example 21 above.
- the average particle size of the obtained microcapsules was 90 ⁇ m.
- microcapsule slurry obtained in (2) above was mixed with 2 parts of an aqueous silicon-based binder solution containing a predetermined amount of a dielectric constant adjusting material, and an applicator was applied on an ITO transparent electrode of PET substrate. Coating was carried out using a machine and dried sufficiently at 50 ° C. under dry conditions.
- This display cell was adhered to the counter electrode substrate, and a display device was manufactured by applying vacuum pressure so that the gap between the counter electrodes became 60 m, and evaluation was performed.
- a 100 g dispersion was prepared at the mixing ratio described in Example 22 above.
- the average particle size of the obtained microcapsules was 75 ⁇ m.
- microcapsule slurry obtained in (2) above is mixed with 2 parts of a PVA-based binder solution containing a predetermined amount of a dielectric constant adjusting material, and an applicator coater is applied on the ITO transparent electrode of PET substrate. And dried sufficiently under the condition of 50 ° C. dry.
- This display cell was adhered to the counter electrode substrate, and a display device was manufactured by applying vacuum pressure so that the gap between the counter electrodes became 60 m, and evaluation was performed.
- a sheet patterned in a size pattern was filled with electrophoretic ink, and the sheet was placed on an ITO transparent electrode and a counter electrode of a PET substrate.
- a display device was fabricated and evaluated.
- the microcapsule type (MC) and the sheet type (S) electrophoretic display devices also have excellent reflectance on the white display surface and the colored display surface, and are visually recognizable. Excellent coloration of white display and colored display, and also excellent response and contrast that eliminates aggregation and adhesion of fine particles, and response that aggregates and adheres to fine particles even after storage at 50 ° C and 1M (1 month) And excellent contrast.
- Examples 26-30 and Comparative Examples 12-16 Preparation of Electrophoretic Display Liquid, Invention of the Present Invention
- Table 7 The composition of each Example and Comparative Example shown in Table 7 below was prepared using glass beads. The mixture was dispersed with a paint shaker for 60 minutes to prepare a liquid for electrophoretic display.
- Fine particles used (A-1, B-1), colorant (dye), dispersion medium (C-1, C-4), acetylene derivative (G-1-G-2), polyoxyethyleneoxy
- PESOP propylene
- Fine particles A [0122] Fine particles A:
- A— 1 ITT-2 TiO CR-50 (Nikko Chemicals Co., Ltd.), titanium coupling agent on the surface
- B—1 Labcolor 220 (MD) Black (acrylic copolymer colored beads, manufactured by Dainichi Seika Kogyo Co., Ltd.), average particle size about 10 ⁇ m
- Dispersion medium C is a liquid crystal
- G-1 Surfynol 104DPM (HLB4, manufactured by Nissin Chemical Industry Co., Ltd.)
- G-2 Surfynol DF110D (HLB3, manufactured by Nissin Chemical Industry Co., Ltd.)
- Polyoxyethylene oxypropylene (POEOP) block polymer F Pronone 102 (average molecular weight 1250, ethylene oxide content 20% by weight, manufactured by NOF Corporation)
- Dispersant D Sorbitan trioleate
- Alkyl polyetheramine E Nymeen L-201 (manufactured by NOF Corporation), hydroxyethyl laurylamine
- An electrophoretic display medium using each of the electrophoretic display liquids obtained in Table 7 above was prepared by the following methods, and the reflectance of the white display surface and the visual white display surface were evaluated by the above evaluation methods. Evaluation, reflectance of the colored display surface, evaluation of the visual colored display surface, aggregation of fine particles, adhesion, responsiveness, and contrast were evaluated, and after the number of repeated display (1000 times, 5000 times, 10000 times), the following evaluation method was used. These electrophoretic display media were evaluated for display characteristics (aggregation, adhesion, contrast) and aggregation, adhesion, responsiveness, and contrast of fine particles after storage at 50 ° C, 1M (1 month) by the above evaluation method. Table 8 below shows the results of the physical property evaluation.
- a glass substrate (thickness: 1.1 mm) on which a transparent conductive film (ITO film) was formed on one side by 0.15111 was used.
- the cells were arranged to face each other via a sinter to form a cell.
- cells were formed using a glass substrate that had been treated with ozone and a UV port, in order to see the effect of the hydrophilic treatment of the substrate electrode.
- the glass substrate obtained above was subjected to an ozone treatment (Mitsubishi Ozonizer OS-IN, manufactured by Mitsubishi Electric Corporation) at an ozone concentration of 20 gZm 3 for 60 minutes.
- UV Ito opening process as a fuel gas, tetramethylsilane boiling 27 ° C 0. 0001 mole 0/0, the fuel gas containing 0.00001 mole 0/0 tetramethoxysilane having a boiling point 122 ° C
- the glass substrate was subjected to a Keisin-dani flame treatment for 0.5 seconds.
- An electrophoretic display medium was prepared by enclosing the electrophoretic display liquid prepared in Table 7 in this space.
- the evaluation of the repetitive display characteristics was performed for aggregation and contrast, and the display state after 1000, 5000, and 10,000 times was evaluated according to the following evaluation criteria.
- the electrophoretic display media of Examples 26 to 30, which fall within the scope of the present invention, are the same as the electrophoretic display media of Comparative Examples 12 to 16, which fall outside the scope of the present invention.
- the white display surface and the colored display surface have excellent reflectivity, visual white display and excellent tint of the colored display, excellent force, and excellent responsiveness and contrast without the aggregation and adhesion of fine particles.
- a microcapsule type (MC) and a sheet type (S) electrophoretic display device were prepared by the following methods, and the reflectance of the white display surface and the visual white display surface were evaluated by the evaluation methods described above. Evaluation, reflectance of the colored display surface, evaluation of the visually colored display surface, aggregation of fine particles, adhesion, response, contrast, display characteristics after repeated display times (1000 times, 5000 times, 10000 times) (aggregation) Adhesion, contrast) and aggregation of fine particles after storage at 50 ° C, 1M (1 month) were evaluated.
- Table 9 shows the results of evaluating the properties of these electrophoretic display devices.
- the pH was lowered to 4.0 using an aqueous acetic acid solution under predetermined stirring conditions to form gelatin Z arabic coacervate, and then cooled to about 5 ° C over about 30 minutes.
- 10 g of a 35% aqueous solution of formalin was prepared, heated to 50 ° C., and cured for about 2 hours to prepare a slurry of microcapsules.
- the average particle size of the obtained microcapsules was 80 ⁇ m.
- microcapsule slurry obtained in (2) above was mixed at a ratio of 1.5 parts of an aqueous urethane binder solution, and coated on an ITO transparent electrode of PET substrate using an applicator coater. Then, it was sufficiently dried under a condition of 50 ° C. dry.
- the display cell was adhered to the counter electrode substrate, and vacuum-pressed so that the gap between the counter electrodes became 60 m, to produce a display device, which was evaluated.
- a 100 g electrophoretic display liquid was prepared at the mixing ratio described in Example 2 above.
- an electrophoretic display liquid was filled in a cell sheet with a cell gap of 80 ⁇ m, which was patterned by photo-etching on an ITO transparent electrode on a PET substrate in a size pattern, and a counter electrode was placed.
- a display device sealed with a UV curing adhesive (UV3400, manufactured by Toa Gosei Chemical Co., Ltd., the same applies hereinafter) was prepared, a display device was prepared, and evaluation was performed.
- a 100 g electrophoretic display liquid was prepared at the mixing ratio described in Example 28 above.
- a 50 m-thick polyimide cell sheet patterned by laser processing with a size pattern as shown in Fig. 9 is filled with an electrophoretic display solution, counter electrodes are arranged, and the display is sealed with a UV-curable adhesive.
- a device was fabricated, a display device was fabricated, and an evaluation was performed.
- the display device was prepared by filling the electrophoresis display solution.
- Sheet type embodiment 16 In the sheet type Example 14, the ITO transparent electrode, the cell sheet, and the counter electrode were treated with a UV port, and then filled with an electrophoretic display liquid to produce a display device.
- the microcapsule type (MC) and the cell sheet type (S) electrophoretic display devices also have excellent reflectance on the white display surface and the colored display surface, Excellent visual coloration of white display and colored display, excellent responsiveness and contrast that eliminates aggregation and adhesion of fine particles, and aggregation and adhesion of 1000, 5000 and 10000 repeated display characteristics Excellent in contrast, and even after storage at 50 ° C, 1M (1 month), even after storage at 50 ° C, 1M (1 month) found.
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Abstract
Description
Claims
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US10/570,343 US7405865B2 (en) | 2003-09-03 | 2004-08-31 | Liquid for electrophoretic display, display medium and display device using the same |
JP2005513637A JP3966890B2 (ja) | 2003-09-03 | 2004-08-31 | 電気泳動表示用液、それを用いた表示媒体及び表示装置 |
EP04772513A EP1669798A4 (en) | 2003-09-03 | 2004-08-31 | LIQUID FOR ELECTROPHORETIC DISPLAY, DISPLAY MEDIUM AND DISPLAY USING SUCH A LIQUID |
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JP2003-311782 | 2003-09-03 | ||
JP2003311782 | 2003-09-03 | ||
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JP2004048084 | 2004-02-24 | ||
JP2004074664 | 2004-03-16 | ||
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US (1) | US7405865B2 (ja) |
EP (1) | EP1669798A4 (ja) |
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WO (1) | WO2005024505A1 (ja) |
Cited By (4)
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JP2007322857A (ja) * | 2006-06-02 | 2007-12-13 | Mitsubishi Pencil Co Ltd | 電気泳動表示用液、それを用いた電気泳動表示媒体及び電気泳動表示装置 |
WO2008023495A1 (fr) * | 2006-08-23 | 2008-02-28 | Brother Kogyo Kabushiki Kaisha | Milieu d'affichage électrophorétique |
JP2011002645A (ja) * | 2009-06-18 | 2011-01-06 | Konica Minolta Business Technologies Inc | 画像表示装置用表示粒子および画像表示装置 |
CN103120911A (zh) * | 2012-11-30 | 2013-05-29 | 中国林业科学研究院林产化学工业研究所 | 一种松香/脂肪酸封端非离子表面活性剂及其制备方法 |
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JP4592324B2 (ja) * | 2004-04-27 | 2010-12-01 | 三菱鉛筆株式会社 | 電気泳動表示装置の製造方法 |
KR100619710B1 (ko) * | 2004-12-27 | 2006-09-08 | 엘지전자 주식회사 | 개선된 전극을 가지는 이-페이퍼 패널 |
TWI410699B (zh) * | 2010-02-11 | 2013-10-01 | Univ Nat Chiao Tung | 含有一揮發性液體之裝置之供液體容置單元及其製法 |
EP3060960B1 (en) | 2013-10-22 | 2018-12-05 | Vlyte Innovations Limited | A wide operating temperature range electrophoretic device |
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WO2017123570A1 (en) | 2016-01-17 | 2017-07-20 | E Ink California, Llc | Surfactants for improving electrophoretic media performance |
FR3048701B1 (fr) * | 2016-03-11 | 2020-06-26 | Arkema France | Encre electrophoretique |
JP6959361B2 (ja) | 2017-06-16 | 2021-11-02 | イー インク コーポレイション | ゼラチン結合剤中にカプセルに包まれた顔料を含む電気光学媒体 |
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US10921676B2 (en) * | 2017-08-30 | 2021-02-16 | E Ink Corporation | Electrophoretic medium |
GB201914105D0 (en) | 2019-09-30 | 2019-11-13 | Vlyte Innovations Ltd | A see-through electrophoretic device having a visible grid |
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Also Published As
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JP3966890B2 (ja) | 2007-08-29 |
US7405865B2 (en) | 2008-07-29 |
EP1669798A4 (en) | 2008-07-09 |
US20070002427A1 (en) | 2007-01-04 |
JPWO2005024505A1 (ja) | 2006-11-02 |
EP1669798A1 (en) | 2006-06-14 |
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