JP6396451B2 - 広作動温度範囲の電気泳動装置 - Google Patents
広作動温度範囲の電気泳動装置 Download PDFInfo
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E06—DOORS, WINDOWS, SHUTTERS, OR ROLLER BLINDS IN GENERAL; LADDERS
- E06B—FIXED OR MOVABLE CLOSURES FOR OPENINGS IN BUILDINGS, VEHICLES, FENCES OR LIKE ENCLOSURES IN GENERAL, e.g. DOORS, WINDOWS, BLINDS, GATES
- E06B9/00—Screening or protective devices for wall or similar openings, with or without operating or securing mechanisms; Closures of similar construction
- E06B9/24—Screens or other constructions affording protection against light, especially against sunshine; Similar screens for privacy or appearance; Slat blinds
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
- G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour
- G02F1/165—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on translational movement of particles in a fluid under the influence of an applied field
- G02F1/166—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on translational movement of particles in a fluid under the influence of an applied field characterised by the electro-optical or magneto-optical effect
- G02F1/167—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on translational movement of particles in a fluid under the influence of an applied field characterised by the electro-optical or magneto-optical effect by electrophoresis
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
- G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour
- G02F1/165—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on translational movement of particles in a fluid under the influence of an applied field
- G02F1/1675—Constructional details
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E06—DOORS, WINDOWS, SHUTTERS, OR ROLLER BLINDS IN GENERAL; LADDERS
- E06B—FIXED OR MOVABLE CLOSURES FOR OPENINGS IN BUILDINGS, VEHICLES, FENCES OR LIKE ENCLOSURES IN GENERAL, e.g. DOORS, WINDOWS, BLINDS, GATES
- E06B9/00—Screening or protective devices for wall or similar openings, with or without operating or securing mechanisms; Closures of similar construction
- E06B9/24—Screens or other constructions affording protection against light, especially against sunshine; Similar screens for privacy or appearance; Slat blinds
- E06B2009/2464—Screens or other constructions affording protection against light, especially against sunshine; Similar screens for privacy or appearance; Slat blinds featuring transparency control by applying voltage, e.g. LCD, electrochromic panels
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
- G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour
- G02F1/165—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on translational movement of particles in a fluid under the influence of an applied field
- G02F1/1675—Constructional details
- G02F2001/1678—Constructional details characterised by the composition or particle type
Description
本出願は、に関する。2013年3月22日に出願された「An Electrophoretic Device Having a Transparent Light State」と題されるアイルランド国特許出願第S2013/0104号明細書(代理人整理番号:P106878IE00)に関する。
a)標準、つまり基準温度に対する温度差に比例してヘイズが増加し、温度差が約10℃以上でヘイズが感知できるようになること
b)懸濁流体によりポリマーが経時的に溶解または膨潤すること
c)サービス温度よりも高温でポリマーを連続使用すると、ポリマーが経時的に熱分解すること
d)大気温度が低いと、スイッチング時間が許容できない程長期化するか、またはスイッチングが不能になること
e)大気温度が低いと、懸濁流体が結晶化すること
f)太陽光により、ポリマーおよび懸濁流体の経時的な光分解が誘発されること
式中、nD、nF、nCは、それぞれ、フラウンホーファーのD線、F線、C線の波長(すなわち、それぞれ、589.3nm、486.1nm、656.3nm)における光学材料の屈折率である。様々なスペクトル線における他のアッベ数の式でも同様な結果が得られる(www.wikipedia.orgのアッベ数のエントリーを参照)。実施形態では、可視光スペクトル内の2つ以上のスペクトル線の屈折率を使用した任意の式を色分散の等価な尺度として使用することが可能であり、また、光学装置で広く使用されているため本願明細書ではアッベ数Vdを使用していることが理解されよう。さらに、本願明細書に記載する実施形態のアッベ数の許容限度は、人間の目の明順能視(つまり、比視感度)を考慮する。人間の目は、黄色のヘイズよりも青色のヘイズに対する感度が遥かに低いからである(www.wikipedia.orgの「比視感度(luminosity function)」を参照)。材料の屈折率の波長依存性は、スペクトル線において直接測定することが可能であり、あるいは、コーシー方程式またはセルマイヤー方程式などの経験式の係数により定量化することができる(www.wikipedia.orgの関連エントリーを参照)。
−フッ素化(部分フッ素化と同義)ポリマーを非平面状エレメントに使用することができること
−動作温度範囲の拡大、光安定性の向上、および、熱光学係数の一致(前述の熱光学係数の考察を参照)の向上を図るために容易にシロキサン主鎖を固体ポリマーに使用することできること
−流体および固体ポリマーの芳香族分が最小限とされるかまたは除去されること(前述の色分散の考察を参照)
−材料ペアの熱光学係数を一致させること
−材料ペアの色分散を一致させること
−一致させた材料ペアについて屈折率を低くすること
−好適な材料ペア(すなわち、好適な組み合わせソリューション)として、有機シリコーンおよび/または脂肪族炭化水素の流体、および、フッ素化エラストマー性・非平面状ポリマーを使用すること
Claims (16)
- 第1の電極(60)と;前記第1の電極から離間した第2の電極(60)と;前記第1の電極および前記第2の電極の間に配置された、電気泳動インク(830)および1つ以上の光透過性・非平面状固体ポリマーエレメント(808)を含む電気泳動セル(809)とを含む電気泳動装置であって、
前記インクは、光透過性の懸濁流体(820)に懸濁された少なくとも1種の帯電粒子(11)を含み、
可視光波長において、前記固体ポリマーエレメントおよび前記懸濁流体の屈折率を差が0.0075未満となるように一致させており、
前記電気泳動装置の、少なくとも30℃にわたる動作温度範囲の半分以上において、前記固体ポリマーエレメントおよび前記懸濁流体の熱光学係数(屈折率nの温度Tに対する微分値dn/dT)を算術平均の差が0.0002/K未満の大きさとなるように一致させている、電気泳動装置(101)。 - 25℃における波長589.3nmの光に対する、前記固体ポリマーエレメントおよび前記懸濁流体の屈折率は1.460未満、好ましくは1.445未満、より好ましくは1.434未満、特に好ましくは1.426未満である、請求項1に記載の電気泳動装置。
- 前記懸濁流体の75質量%以上は有機シリコーンまたは脂肪族炭化水素であり、
前記固体ポリマーはフッ素化エラストマー性ポリマーである、請求項1に記載の電気泳動装置。 - 前記非平面状固体ポリマーエレメントは光透過性エラストマーであり、ガラス転移温度Tgは20℃未満であり、かつ、架橋を有する、請求項1に記載の電気泳動装置。
- 前記帯電粒子は、前記電気泳動装置に印加した電界に応答して、(1)粒子が前記セル内で最大限広がり、前記セルを通過する太陽光の経路に位置して前記セルを透過する光を強く減衰させる第1の極限光状態、および、(2)前記粒子がセル内で最大限凝集して前記セル内の太陽光の経路から除去され、前記セル内に光を実質的に通過させて当該セル内を可視化する第2の極限光状態の間を移動する、請求項1に記載の電気泳動装置。
- 前記一致させた熱光学係数は両方とも負であり、その大きさは2.25×10−4/Kよりも大きく、好ましくは3.0×10−4/Kよりも大きく、特に好ましくは3.25×10−4/Kよりも大きい、請求項1に記載の電気泳動装置。
- 前記一致させた熱光学係数の算術平均の差の大きさは0.000125/K未満であり、より好ましくは0.0001/K未満であり、特に好ましくは0.000075/K未満である、請求項1に記載の電気泳動装置。
- 前記エラストマー性固体ポリマーの架橋密度は、前記固体ポリマーの前記熱光学係数が前記懸濁流体の前記熱光学係数と厳密に一致するように選択されている、請求項4に記載の電気泳動装置。
- 前記動作温度範囲は、0℃から70℃、より好ましくは−10℃〜70℃、さらに好ましくは−20℃〜85℃、特に好ましくは−40℃〜100℃である、請求項1に記載の電気泳動装置。
- 前記光透過性のエラストマー性・非平面状固体ポリマーエレメントは主鎖にフレキシブルな結合を有し、エーテル結合(すなわち、R−O−R’)、シロキサン結合(すなわち、Si−O−Si)、フルオロエーテル結合(すなわち、CF2−O−CF2)、チオエーテル結合(すなわち、R−S−R’)、メチレン結合(すなわち、CH2)、ジフルオロメチレン結合(すなわち、CF2)、フォスファゼン結合(すなわち、N=P)のうちの1つ以上の結合を含む、請求項4に記載の電気泳動装置。
- 前記エラストマー性・非平面状固体ポリマーは、下記ポリマー:フルオロアルカンポリマー、パーフルオロエーテルポリマー、フルオロシリコーンポリマー、フッ素化(メタ)アクリレートポリマー、フルオロシリコーン(メタ)アクリレートポリマー、フッ素化ポリオレフィンポリマー、フッ素化脂肪族ポリカーボネート、または、フッ素化ポリウレタン;あるいは、前記ポリマーのうちの1つ以上を使用したコポリマーまたはターポリマーを含み、
コポリマーは、フルオロシリコーン−co−シロキサンコポリマー、フルオロシリコーン−co−フルオロアルカンコポリマー、または、フルオロエーテル−co−シロキサンコポリマーを含む、請求項3に記載の電気泳動装置。 - 前記懸濁流体は、ジメチルシロキサン、メチルアルキルシロキサン、メチルフェニルシロキサンのうちの1つ以上の繰り返し単位を75モル%以上含むシリコーンオイルであり、
前記固体ポリマーは、10モル%を超える、好ましくは20モル%を超える、特に好ましくは25モル%を超える、メチルトリフルオロプロピルシロキサン(MTFPS)、メチルペンタフルオロブチルシロキサン、メチルヘプタフルオロペンチルシロキサンもしくはメチルノナフルオロヘキシルシロキサンを含むフルオロアルキルシロキサン系、または、フルオロアルコキシアルキルシロキサン系の繰り返し単位を含む、フルオロシリコーンまたはフルオロシリコーン含有コポリマーもしくはターポリマーである、請求項1に記載の電気泳動装置。 - 前記懸濁流体は、フェニル基を含むペンダント基を少なくとも1つ有するフルオロシリコーンまたはフルオロシリコーン含有コポリマーであり、前記非平面状固体ポリマーはポリシロキサンエラストマーであり;
好ましくは、前記懸濁流体は、10モル%を超える、好ましくは20モル%を超える、特に好ましくは25モル%を超えるメチルトリフルオロプロピルシロキサンを含み、前記固体ポリマーはポリジメチルシロキサンである、請求項1に記載の電気泳動装置。 - 前記電気泳動セルは、互いに分離または半分離された区域に分配された前記電気泳動インクを含み、前記電気泳動インクの前記区域は、一方の面が前記電極の一方と隣接し、かつ、反対の面が、密集した凸部の単層を含む前記非平面状ポリマー構造体と隣接する単層を形成し、
前記凸部は前記区域内へ突出して前記懸濁流体と接触し、
前記帯電粒子は、印加された電界に応答して、前記区域内へ突出する凸部表面上を移動して前記第2の光状態で凸部間のスペースに凝集する、請求項5に記載の電気泳動装置。 - 前記電極は透明であり一対のフィルム基板上に塗工されており、
使用中、フレームの開口部に取り付けられたエレクトロアクティブウィンドウである、請求項1に記載の電気泳動装置。 - 前記固体ポリマーの比誘電率は前記懸濁流体の比誘電率よりも大きい、請求項12に記載の電気泳動装置。
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Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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GB1318614.3 | 2013-10-22 | ||
GB201318614A GB201318614D0 (en) | 2013-10-22 | 2013-10-22 | A wide-operating temperature range electrophoretic device |
GB201319945A GB201319945D0 (en) | 2013-11-12 | 2013-11-12 | A wide operating temperature range electrophoretic device |
GB1319945.0 | 2013-11-12 | ||
PCT/EP2014/072241 WO2015059029A1 (en) | 2013-10-22 | 2014-10-16 | A wide operating temperature range electrophoretic device |
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JP2016534383A JP2016534383A (ja) | 2016-11-04 |
JP2016534383A5 JP2016534383A5 (ja) | 2017-11-02 |
JP6396451B2 true JP6396451B2 (ja) | 2018-09-26 |
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US (4) | US10324353B2 (ja) |
EP (2) | EP3060960B1 (ja) |
JP (1) | JP6396451B2 (ja) |
ES (1) | ES2893766T3 (ja) |
WO (1) | WO2015059029A1 (ja) |
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