WO2005003079A1 - Procede de production d'une 4-aminodiphenylamine - Google Patents

Procede de production d'une 4-aminodiphenylamine Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2005003079A1
WO2005003079A1 PCT/CN2004/000734 CN2004000734W WO2005003079A1 WO 2005003079 A1 WO2005003079 A1 WO 2005003079A1 CN 2004000734 W CN2004000734 W CN 2004000734W WO 2005003079 A1 WO2005003079 A1 WO 2005003079A1
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Prior art keywords
catalyst
hydrogenation
reaction
preparing
aminodiphenylamine
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PCT/CN2004/000734
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
Nongyue Wang
Ruibiao Yu
Xiaohui Mao
Xiaogen Feng
Qianwen Cheng
Original Assignee
Shi, Guangqiang
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Priority claimed from CNB031481957A external-priority patent/CN1185207C/zh
Priority claimed from CNA031482007A external-priority patent/CN1470324A/zh
Priority claimed from CNB031485669A external-priority patent/CN1186124C/zh
Priority claimed from CN 03148198 external-priority patent/CN1253428C/zh
Priority claimed from CNB031481949A external-priority patent/CN1185206C/zh
Priority claimed from CN 03148565 external-priority patent/CN1228310C/zh
Priority claimed from CNB031481965A external-priority patent/CN1189445C/zh
Priority claimed from CNB031481914A external-priority patent/CN1187316C/zh
Priority to EP04738332A priority Critical patent/EP1645555B1/en
Priority to EA200600052A priority patent/EA009396B1/ru
Priority to PL04738332T priority patent/PL1645555T3/pl
Priority to JP2006517937A priority patent/JP4546958B2/ja
Application filed by Shi, Guangqiang filed Critical Shi, Guangqiang
Priority to ES04738332T priority patent/ES2373720T3/es
Priority to CA2531074A priority patent/CA2531074C/en
Priority to AT04738332T priority patent/ATE526305T1/de
Publication of WO2005003079A1 publication Critical patent/WO2005003079A1/zh

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    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07CACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07C209/00Preparation of compounds containing amino groups bound to a carbon skeleton
    • C07C209/82Purification; Separation; Stabilisation; Use of additives
    • C07C209/86Separation
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07CACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07C211/00Compounds containing amino groups bound to a carbon skeleton
    • C07C211/43Compounds containing amino groups bound to a carbon skeleton having amino groups bound to carbon atoms of six-membered aromatic rings of the carbon skeleton
    • C07C211/54Compounds containing amino groups bound to a carbon skeleton having amino groups bound to carbon atoms of six-membered aromatic rings of the carbon skeleton having amino groups bound to two or three six-membered aromatic rings
    • C07C211/55Diphenylamines
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07CACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07C209/00Preparation of compounds containing amino groups bound to a carbon skeleton
    • C07C209/30Preparation of compounds containing amino groups bound to a carbon skeleton by reduction of nitrogen-to-oxygen or nitrogen-to-nitrogen bonds
    • C07C209/32Preparation of compounds containing amino groups bound to a carbon skeleton by reduction of nitrogen-to-oxygen or nitrogen-to-nitrogen bonds by reduction of nitro groups
    • C07C209/36Preparation of compounds containing amino groups bound to a carbon skeleton by reduction of nitrogen-to-oxygen or nitrogen-to-nitrogen bonds by reduction of nitro groups by reduction of nitro groups bound to carbon atoms of six-membered aromatic rings in presence of hydrogen-containing gases and a catalyst
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07CACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07C209/00Preparation of compounds containing amino groups bound to a carbon skeleton
    • C07C209/60Preparation of compounds containing amino groups bound to a carbon skeleton by condensation or addition reactions, e.g. Mannich reaction, addition of ammonia or amines to alkenes or to alkynes or addition of compounds containing an active hydrogen atom to Schiff's bases, quinone imines, or aziranes
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02PCLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P20/00Technologies relating to chemical industry
    • Y02P20/50Improvements relating to the production of bulk chemicals
    • Y02P20/584Recycling of catalysts

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a method for preparing 4-aminodiphenylamine, specifically, it uses nitrobenzene and aniline as raw materials, uses a composite base catalyst as a condensation catalyst, and uses a conventional hydrogenation catalyst or a composite powder catalyst as a hydrogenation reaction catalyst. Including condensation, separation recovery and recycling of composite base catalyst, hydrogenation, separation recovery and recycling of aniline and optional separation recovery and recycling of hydrogenation solvent and, if necessary, separation recovery and recycling of optional at least partially regenerated hydrogenation catalyst, purification A method for continuously preparing 4-aminodiphenylamine in five steps. Background technique
  • 4Amino diphenylamine is an important antioxidant and stabilizer intermediate, and is an important chemical product in the rubber industry and polymer industry.
  • the current methods for producing 4-aminodiphenylamine are: (1) Aniline method, which uses p-nitrochlorobenzene and aniline as raw materials, reacts under the action of a catalyst to produce 4-nitronitroaniline, and then uses sulfur Base reduction to 4-aminodiphenylamine; (2) Carboxanilide method, using formic acid and aniline as raw materials to prepare formanilide, and then reacting with p-nitrochlorobenzene in the presence of an acid-binding agent (such as potassium carbonate) to generate 4-one Nitrodiphenylamine, followed by reduction with alkali sulfide to prepare 4-aminodiphenylamine; (3) Dianiline method, which uses diphenylamine as a raw material, and uses a nitrite to perform nitrosation in an organic solvent to obtain N-nitrosodiamine Aniline
  • the purpose of the present invention is to select a low-cost and superior catalyst for condensation and hydrogenation reactions and a process flow suitable for industrial-scale production to continuously prepare 4-aminodiphenylamine.
  • a composite base catalyst is used as a condensation catalyst, and a conventional hydrogenation catalyst or a composite powder is used.
  • a hydrogenation catalyst including condensation, separation I (separation recovery and recycling of composite base catalyst), hydrogenation, separation II (separation recovery and recycling of aniline and optional separation recovery and recycling of hydrogenation solvent and if necessary, Separate recovery and recycling use of at least partially regenerated hydrogenation catalyst), and purification in five steps to prepare 4-aminodiphenylamine in a continuous process.
  • FIG. 1 is a process flow chart of an embodiment of a method for preparing 4-aminodiphenylamine according to the present invention. Detailed description of the invention
  • a method for preparing 4-aminodiphenylamine uses nitrobenzene and aniline as raw materials, and includes condensation, separation I, that is, separation and recovery, and recycling using a composite base catalyst, hydrogenation. 5. Separation II: separation, recovery and recycling of aniline and optional separation, recovery and recycling of hydrogenation solvent, and if necessary, separation, recovery and recycling of optional at least partially regenerated hydrogenation catalyst, and purification. Five steps, in which a composite base catalyst is used as Condensation catalyst.
  • the hydrogenation catalyst used in the hydrogenation reaction is selected from the conventional hydrogenation catalysts or composite powders of Group III elements on the periodic table or copper, chromium, zinc, and manganese as active ingredients and / or promoters. ⁇ catalyst.
  • the composite powder catalyst includes nickel, aluminum, and element A, the A is selected from at least one of Fe, Cu, Co, Mn, Cr, Mo, B, and P, wherein the nickel The content is 25-99.9% by weight, and the total content of aluminum and element A is 0.1-75% by weight.
  • the neutralization system is added by adding an acidic substance
  • the composite alkali catalyst is recovered by a method of alkalizing the aqueous phase
  • the acidic substance is selected from the group consisting of inorganic acids, Combinations of oxides and water and other inorganic acid salts, preferably hydrochloric acid, sulfuric acid, nitric acid, carbonic acid, sodium bicarbonate, carbon dioxide and water, and sulfur trioxide and water
  • the base used is selected from alkali metals and alkaline earth
  • the hydroxide or oxide of the metal needs to select the corresponding acidic substance and base according to the tetraalkylammonium ammonium salt and base in the composite base catalyst.
  • the molar ratio of hydroxide ion to nitrobenzene in the composite base catalyst is 1: 4-4: 1.
  • the composite base catalyst used in the condensation reaction contains three components: tetraalkylammonium hydroxide, an alkali metal hydroxide, and a tetraalkylammonium salt.
  • tetradecyl ammonium hydroxide in a composite base catalyst alkali metal hydroxide: tetraalkylammonium salt di (0-9): (0. 5-3): (0. 5-3) (molar), the sum of the concentrations of tetraalkylammonium hydroxide, alkali metal hydroxide and tetraalkylammonium salt is 10-100% by weight.
  • the composite base catalyst is prepared by the following method: controlling the temperature at 0-90 ° C, adding tetraalkylammonium hydroxide, alkali metal hydroxide or oxide, and tetraalkylammonium The salt is stirred evenly in water at the required molar ratio to obtain a water-containing composite base catalyst, wherein the raw materials tetramethylammonium hydroxide, alkali metal hydroxide or oxide, and tetramethylammonium salt are all in solid form or In the form of an aqueous solution.
  • the composite base catalyst is prepared by the following method: controlling the temperature at 0-90 ° C, adding tetraalkylammonium hydroxide, alkali metal hydroxide or oxide, and tetramethylammonium
  • the salt is stirred in water according to the required molar ratio, and then benzene is added to azeotrope to completely remove the water to obtain an anhydrous composite base catalyst.
  • the raw material is tetraalkylammonium hydroxide, alkali metal hydroxide or oxide, and
  • the fluorenyl ammonium salts are either in solid form or in the form of an aqueous solution.
  • the tetramethylammonium salt has the following general formula:
  • At least one of R1, R2, R3, and R4 in the general formula of the tetraalkylammonium salt has a hydrophilic substituent group, and the hydrophilic substituent group is selected from a hydroxyl group and a methoxy group.
  • the hydrophilic substituent group is selected from a hydroxyl group and a methoxy group.
  • the tetraalkylammonium salt is selected from the group consisting of polymethylated triethylenetetramine sulfate, polymethylated diethylenetriamine carbonate, N, N- Dimethyl-N, N-dimethoxyethylammonium carbonate, N-methyl-N, N, N-trimethoxyethylammonium carbonate, ⁇ , ⁇ , ⁇ -Trimethyl-N- Hydroxyethylammonium carbonate, trimethylhydroxyethylammonium chloride, ⁇ , ⁇ , ⁇ -Trimethyl-N-ethoxylated (1-4 moles E0) ethylammonium carbonate, ⁇ , ⁇ , ⁇ -Trimethyl-N-ethoxylated (1-4 moles of E0) propylammonium carbonate, ⁇ , ⁇ , ⁇ -Trimethyl-N-ethoxylated (1-4 moles of E0) ) Propylammonium carbonate, ⁇ , ⁇ , ⁇ -Tri
  • the tetraalkylammonium salt is selected from the group consisting of tetramethylammonium carbonate, tetramethylammonium methyl carbonate, tetraethylammonium carbonate, and ethyl tetraethylammonium carbonate. , Tetramethylammonium sulfate, tetramethylammonium methyl sulfate, tetraethylammonium sulfate and tetraethylammonium ethyl sulfate.
  • the tetraalkylammonium salt is composed of trialkylamine and difluorenyl carbonate
  • the reaction pressure is 0.1 -3 (MPa) ; the reaction temperature is 50-200 (° C); the reaction time is 1. 5-6 hours; the ratio of trimethylamine to difluorenyl carbonate (C1-C2) or difluorenyl sulfate (C1-C2) is 2: 1-1: 2 (mole); the polarity selected
  • the solvent is methanol, ethanol or isopropanol; the amount of the polar solvent is 1 to 10 times the weight of the trialkylamine.
  • the condensation reaction is performed under anaerobic conditions.
  • only a part of the composite base catalyst needs to be added in the initial stage of the reaction in the condensation reaction, and only the tetraalkylammonium salt component and / or the alkali metal hydroxide in the composite base catalyst are supplemented during the reaction Substances or alkali metal oxide components.
  • the condensation step is performed in a circulation system formed by a condensation circulation pump, a falling film reactor, and a primary reactor, and an optional subsequent reactor.
  • the condensation step uses a falling film reactor, and the heating medium of the falling film reactor is alcohol vapor, hot water, steam, or methanol vapor.
  • the temperature of the hydrogenation reaction is 50 to 150 Torr, the pressure of the reactor is 0.2 to 6. OMPa (absolute pressure), and the reaction time is 2 to 7 hours.
  • the composite powder catalyst used in the hydrogenation reaction is prepared by the following method: After mixing nickel powder, aluminum powder and element A in a desired ratio, melting at a high temperature, and quenching and discharging Crushed into powder and treated with aqueous hydroxide solution.
  • the magnetic composite powder is recovered by a magnetic separator after the hydrogenation reaction. Catalyst.
  • the compound powdery catalyst recovered by the magnetic separator is returned to the hydrogenation reactor by a Venturi-type solid-liquid mixing and conveying device with the power of feeding.
  • the deactivated composite powder catalyst is regenerated by ultrasonic vibration and / or treatment with a strong alkali.
  • the solvent used in the hydrogenation reaction is an alcohol or / and water.
  • the refining uses a three-column continuous distillation and batch distillation process, wherein the vacuum degree of the 1, 2, and 3 distillation columns are each independently 0. 09-0. 098MPa, tower temperature 260—290 ⁇ , 260—300 ° C and 120—170 ° C, respectively, and the reflow ratios are 2: 1-10: 1, 1: 0.5. 1: 1: 4 and 1: 0.5- 1: 2: The vacuum degree of batch rectification is 0.09-0. 098MPa, and the temperature of the tower kettle is 280-330 ° C.
  • separation I refers to the separation, recovery and recycling of a composite base catalyst
  • separatation II refers to the separation, recovery and recycling of aniline and optionally the separation, recovery and recycling of a hydrogenation solvent and, if necessary, separation
  • the hydrogenation catalyst is optionally recovered and recycled.
  • optional separation, recovery, and recycling of hydrogenation solvent herein means that when water is used as the hydrogenation solvent, the water is optionally recovered and recycled, and the alcoholic solvent described below is used as the hydrogenation solvent. In this case, the alcoholic hydrogenation solvent should be separated, recovered and recycled.
  • a method for preparing 4-aminodiphenylamine according to the present invention includes: continuously feeding nitrobenzene, aniline, and a composite base catalyst through a metering pump to a condensation process in proportion
  • the reaction generates a condensation liquid (7) containing 4-mononitrodiphenylamine and 4-nitrosodiphenylamine and / or their salts;
  • the condensation liquid (7) is continuously fed to the separation step I, and the acidic substance is added It is separated from the condensation solution (7), and the composite alkali catalyst is recovered by alkali-alkaliizing the aqueous phase, and the recovered composite alkali catalyst (1) is recycled to the condensation process; the separation type I liquid is separated into the composite type.
  • the catalyst condensate (8), hydrogenation solvent (including supplementary hydrogenation solvent (3) and optionally recovered hydrogenation solvent (5)) are continuously fed to the hydrogenated earth sequence in a certain proportion, and the composite powder catalyst (including supplementary The composite powder catalyst (2) and the recycled at least partially regenerated composite powder catalyst (4)) are reacted with hydrogen to obtain a hydrogenated solution (9) containing 4-aminodiphenylamine;
  • the liquid (9) is fed to the separation II step, where (a) the composite powder catalyst (4) is separated, which is directly recycled to the hydrogenation step or at least partially regenerated and recycled to the hydrogenation step, (b) aniline (6), Its cyclic back-condensation step, and optionally (c) a hydrogenation solvent (5), its cyclic back to the hydrogenation step; and feeding the crude 4-aminodiphenylamine (10) from which most of the aniline has been separated to the refining step, in This isolates (a) part of the aniline (6), which is recycled to the condensation process, and
  • the entire process flow is continuous.
  • the molar ratio of nitrobenzene to aniline is 1: 1 to 1:15; the reaction temperature is 20-150 ° C, preferably 50-90 ° C. Controlling the reaction temperature not higher than 90 ° C can make the condensation 5-6 6 ⁇
  • the decomposition rate of the composite base catalyst in the process is less than 0.5%; the reaction pressure is 0.005-0. IMPa (absolute pressure); the residence time of the material in the entire condensation reaction system is 3.5-6 hours.
  • the composite base catalyst used in the condensation reaction contains three components, tetramethylammonium hydroxide, alkali metal hydroxide, and tetraalkylammonium salt, and optionally also contains water, of which tetraalkylammonium hydroxide and alkali metal hydroxide
  • the total concentration of the three substances and the tetraalkylammonium salt is 10-100% by weight, preferably 25-38% by weight, and the molar ratio of the tetraalkylammonium hydroxide, the alkali metal hydroxide and the tetramethylammonium salt is (0- 9): (0. 5-3): (0. 5— 3).
  • the composite base catalyst used in the condensation reaction can be prepared by the following method: The temperature is controlled at 0-90 ° C, and the tetraalkylammonium hydroxide, alkali metal hydroxide or oxide, and tetraalkylammonium salt are pressed as (0- 9): (0. 5-3): The molar ratio of (0. 5-3) is stirred evenly in water to obtain a water-containing composite base catalyst. After the water-containing composite base catalyst is obtained, benzene is optionally added to azeotropically remove water completely to obtain an anhydrous composite base catalyst.
  • the raw materials tetraalkylammonium hydroxide, alkali metal hydroxide or oxide, and tetraalkylammonium salt may all be in a solid form or an aqueous solution form.
  • the present invention uses the composite base catalyst to condense nitrobenzene and aniline to form 4-nitrodiphenylamine and 4-nitrosodiphenylamine and / or their salts.
  • an anhydrous composite base catalyst can be used to convert nitrobenzene and aniline into 4-nitrodiphenylamine and 4-nitrosodiphenylamine and / or their salts.
  • the selectivity and conversion of the reaction have reached the requirements we hope.
  • the proton material such as moisture has not become a factor restricting the reaction. Whether the proton material is anhydrous or watery, it can reach the selectivity and conversion rate we require. Moreover, we also found that the use of composite base catalysts has a lower decomposition rate than a single tetramethylammonium hydroxide. '
  • the condensation reaction proceeds as follows: Nitrobenzene, aniline, and a composite base catalyst are continuously fed to the falling film reactor in proportion by a metering pump to be heated to perform the condensation reaction; The condensation liquid in the middle is discharged from the lower part of the falling film reactor into the first-stage reactor to continue the condensation reaction; part of the condensation liquid at the bottom of the first-stage reactor is returned to the falling film reactor through the circulation pump.
  • Local circulation system The circulation system is mainly composed of a falling film reactor and a primary reactor, and the materials are continuously circulated in the system by a condensation cycle pump. Maintaining the amount of condensation liquid during the cycle can form a uniform film in the falling film reactor.
  • the heating medium of the falling film reactor uses alcohol vapor, or hot water, or steam, or methanol vapor, preferably alcohol vapor, so that the temperature in the system is very uniform, and local overheating is avoided. There is almost no back mixing of the reaction liquid in the falling film reactor, which greatly reduces the chance of contact between the product and the raw material, and minimizes side reactions.
  • a local circulation system with a falling film reactor the reaction speed of the condensation reaction is accelerated, the reaction time is reduced, and the original reaction time of more than ten hours is shortened to 3.5 to 6 hours.
  • nitrobenzene and aniline react to form 4-nitrosodiphenylamine.
  • Nitrobenzene can also react with 4-nitrosodiphenylamine to form 4-nitrodiphenylamine.
  • nitrobenzene itself is reduced to Nitrobenzene.
  • Nitrosobenzene can react with aniline to form azobenzene. This reaction is detrimental to the main reaction and reduces the selectivity of the reaction.
  • the relative amount of nitrobenzene is relatively large. As the reaction proceeds, nitrobenzene is gradually converted into 4-nitroso diphenylamine, and the amount of nitrobenzene is gradually reduced.
  • the chance of contact and reaction between the nitrobenzene and the subsequent 4-nitroso diphenylamine generated during the addition is reduced (the concentration of the nitrobenzene is relatively high but the The concentration of nitrodiphenylamine is relatively low.
  • the concentration of 4-nitrosodiphenylamine is relatively high but the concentration of nitrobenzene is relatively low), which reduces the reduction of nitrobenzene to nitrous acid by 4-nitrosodiphenylamine.
  • the chance of base benzene also reduces the reaction of nitrobenzene and aniline to form azobenzene.
  • the main side reaction is As a by-product azobenzene and phenazine.
  • the inventors have found that the larger the amount of aniline, the fewer side reactions of nitrobenzene to phenazine.
  • Another by-product in this reaction is azobenzene. Azobenzene is easily converted to aniline in the hydrogenation process and can be recycled and applied in the production process. Therefore, the molar ratio of nitrobenzene to aniline in the present invention is selected to be 1: 1 to 1:15.
  • a solvent may not be introduced into the system, but a condensation reaction is performed under a suitable ratio of nitrobenzene and aniline, and a good yield is obtained.
  • the yield of the condensation reaction is improved by using the above method, and the reaction proceeds in a desired direction.
  • the condensation reaction of the present invention can use more stages of reactors in series.
  • the condensation step as the reaction proceeds, a part of the composite base catalyst used in the condensation step is inevitably lost.
  • the two components of the alkali metal hydroxide and the tetraalkylammonium salt in the composite alkali catalyst may be added, and the molar ratio of the two components is 4: 1-1: 4.
  • Alkali metal oxides can be used instead of alkali metal hydroxides, and the amount can be obtained by converting the corresponding hydroxides.
  • Tetraalkylammonium salts that can be used in the present invention have the following general formula ⁇
  • tetramethylammonium salts include: polymethylated triethylenetetramine sulfate, polymethylated diethylenetriamine carbonate, N, N-dimethyl-N
  • the structural formula of tetraalkylammonium hydroxide used in the above-mentioned composite base catalyst is R, 4 N + 0H ⁇ , where R ′ independently represents an alkyl group having 1 to 2 carbon atoms. It can be prepared by reacting the corresponding tetraalkylammonium salt and base in a polar solvent.
  • Alkali metal hydroxides or oxides include hydroxides or oxides of lithium, sodium, potassium, or rhenium, such as sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, lithium hydroxide, sodium oxide, or potassium oxide.
  • the alkyl tetraalkylammonium carbonate or alkyl tetraalkylammonium sulfate used in the present invention is composed of trialkylamine and dialkyl carbonate (CI-C2) ester or dialkyl sulfate (C1 C2) ester in polar Prepared by reaction in a solvent.
  • the reaction temperature of the present invention for the preparation of alkyl tetramethylammonium carbonate or tetramethylammonium alkyl sulfate is 50-200 (° C), preferably 60- 150 (° C), and the reaction pressure is 0.1- 3 (MPa) (gauge pressure).
  • MPa gauge pressure
  • the pressure is closely related to the selected temperature, the type and amount of the solvent, that is, the less the amount of solvent, the higher the system pressure; the higher the temperature, the higher the pressure.
  • the reaction pressure of the present invention is preferably controlled at 0.4-2 (MPa), and a product with higher yield can be obtained.
  • the trialkylamine and dialkyl carbonate (CI-C2) carbonate or dialkyl sulfate (C1-C2) are selected as raw materials for the reaction for preparing alkylammonium carbonate or tetraalkylammonium sulfate.
  • the ratio of the ester is 2: 1 to 1: 2 (mole).
  • the reaction time of the ester is 1.5 to 6 hours.
  • the initial reaction speed is fast and the exothermic phenomenon is obvious. As the raw materials are gradually consumed, the reaction slows down and the exothermic gradually decreases.
  • a certain reaction temperature and pressure can be controlled by continuously adjusting the amount of cooling water.
  • the polar solvent used in the reaction for preparing the tetraalkylammonium alkyl carbonate or tetraalkylammonium alkyl sulfate in the present invention includes methanol or ethanol or isopropanol, and the amount of the solvent used is 1 to 10 times the weight of the trimethylamine.
  • the condensation solution containing 4-mononitrodiphenylamine and 4-nitrosodiphenylamine or / and their salts is filtered, and an acidic substance is added to the filtrate to maintain the pH of the solution at about 8.
  • the organic phase was a mixture of 4-mononitrodiphenylamine and 4-nitrosodiphenylamine.
  • an alkaline substance is added to the water layer, and the equivalent ratio of the basic substance to the acidic substance added above is 1: 1-3: 1 to obtain a composite alkali catalyst, which is concentrated if necessary, and then recycled. ⁇ process.
  • the acidic materials used in the process of separation I can be selected from inorganic acids, their oxides and water, and other inorganic acid salts, such as hydrochloric acid, sulfuric acid, nitric acid, carbonic acid, sodium bicarbonate, carbon dioxide and water, sulfur trioxide and water.
  • the base used may be selected from hydroxides or oxides of alkali metals and alkaline earth metals, and the corresponding acidic substance and alkaline substance need to be selected according to the tetraalkylammonium salt and alkali in the composite alkali catalyst.
  • the method chosen is generally Methods known to the surgeon, for example, if the alkylammonium salt is a chloride salt, hydrochloric acid is used as the acidic substance, so as to avoid the introduction of other impurities. If the alkylammonium salt is a carbonate salt, use carbon dioxide and water to neutralize it. It was then basified with calcium hydroxide.
  • the present invention uses an acidic substance to separate the composite base catalyst from 4-nitrodiphenylamine and 4-nitrosodiphenylamine in the separation step I to avoid thermally sensitive decomposition of the composite base catalyst in the hydrogenation step.
  • the hydrogenation catalyst which can be used in the hydrogenation reaction of the present invention may be any conventional hydrogenation catalyst or composite powder catalyst in which the elements of the Dir group on the periodic table or copper, chromium, zinc, manganese, etc. are used as active ingredients / promoting ingredients.
  • the hydrogenation reaction temperature can be 50-150 (° C)
  • the hydrogenation reactor can be a one- or multi-stage fluidized bed, or a one- or multi-stage fixed-bed series reactor.
  • a catalyst formulation suitable for a fixed bed such as a granular catalyst
  • the corresponding process can be adjusted according to a scheme known to those skilled in the chemical field. For example, in the separation II described below, no hydrogenation catalyst needs to be filtered. In the hydrogenation process, There is also no need to use a magnetic recoverer to recover and separate the hydrogenation catalyst and the like. These technical solutions are also within the scope of the present invention.
  • hydrogen can be used as a reducing agent.
  • the reaction temperature is 50-150 ° C
  • the pressure is 0.2-6.0 MPa (absolute pressure)
  • the reaction time is 2-7 hours
  • the gas-liquid ratio is 10: 1-1500: 1 (volume)
  • the solid-liquid ratio is 0: 5: 100-16: 100 (weight).
  • Gas refers to hydrogen
  • liquid includes hydrogenation solvent and separation liquid I
  • solid refers to composite powder catalyst.
  • an alcohol and / or water can be used as a hydrogenation solvent for the hydrogenation reaction.
  • the alcohol is preferably methanol, ethanol or isopropanol.
  • the composite powder catalyst used in the hydrogenation reaction of the present invention includes nickel, aluminum, and element A, the A is selected from at least one of Fe, Cu, Co, Mn, Cr, Mo, B, and P, wherein the content of nickel is 1- 75 ⁇ % ⁇ 25-99.9% by weight, the total content of aluminum, element A is 0.1-75% by weight.
  • the particle size of the catalyst can be 40-300 mesh.
  • the above-mentioned modulation modifier A selected from at least one of Fe, Cu, Cr, Co, Mn, Mo, B and P can modify nickel
  • the crystalline state of the aluminum alloy can achieve the purpose of improving the selectivity of the hydrogenation reaction and improving the catalyst activity.
  • the composite powdery catalyst of the present invention can be prepared by the following methods: After mixing nickel powder, aluminum powder and element A in a desired ratio, they are melted at a high temperature, and the material is quenched and crushed into a powder of 40-300 mesh, and then Treated with an aqueous hydroxide solution.
  • the hydroxide concentration can be 5% -50% by weight, and the reaction temperature can be 50-90V.
  • the composite powdery catalyst of the present invention can be prepared as follows: nickel powder, aluminum powder, iron powder, and optionally selected from Cu, Cr, Co, Mn Other modulation aids A, Mo, B, and P are melted into an alloy in a 3 ⁇ 4 induction furnace, and the molten alloy is sprayed on the copper drum rotating at high speed by the pressure of the gas through a nozzle, and rapidly quenched.
  • the cooling speed It can reach 10 5 - 10 / S.
  • the cooled alloy is rolled into a 40-300 mesh, preferably 100-200 mesh powder with a ball mill, and then 5 ° /. -50% (by weight) hydroxide solution at 50-90 ° C.
  • the hydrogenation reaction can be performed as follows: separation of the I liquid, the hydrogenation solvent, and the recovered composite powder catalyst and the fresh composite powder catalyst supplemented as required are transported into the first stage by the solid-liquid conveying device. , Second and optional higher-level hydrogenation reactors, hydrogen is bubbled into the reactor from the bottom of each reactor through a hydrogen cycler, and the hydrogenation reaction is performed under the above-mentioned hydrogenation reaction conditions to produce a 4-aminodiphenylamine-containing
  • the crude hydrogenation liquid separates the composite powdery catalyst entrained by the crude hydrogenation liquid through a settler and a magnetic separator, and separates the hydrogenated liquid from the solidified liquid phase of the composite powdered catalyst with a high concentration. Re-enter the primary reactor for recycling, and at the same time, a hydrogenated solution containing 4-aminodiphenylamine is obtained.
  • the composite powdery catalyst of the present invention is a solid substance.
  • Ammonia catalysts are generally circulated by pumps in the industry. However, pumps that circulate catalysts containing high-concentration powdered metals tend to damage the pump cavity, and the delivery effect is not ideal.
  • the concentration in the hydrogenation reaction mixture greatly reduces the catalyst loss.
  • the composite powdery catalyst in the crude hydrogenation liquid is recovered through sedimentation and a magnetic separator, and is circulated through a Venturi-type solid-liquid conveying device. reactor.
  • the entire hydrogenation reaction process is carried out in a continuous-flow mode with continuous feed and multi-stage reactors connected in series.
  • the hydrogenation solvent may be recycled.
  • Part of the hydrogenation solution of the composite powder catalyst recovered by the sedimentation and magnetic separator enters the separation step II, where a very small amount of the composite powder catalyst remaining in the hydrogenation solution is recovered by filtration, and directly recycled back to the hydrogenation step or after at least part of the regeneration Cycle back to the hydrogenation process.
  • the high concentration of the catalyst in the reaction system can always be maintained.
  • Such a catalyst recycling method keeps the total activity of the catalyst in the system constantly in a relatively high range, avoiding the catalyst activity in the method of using a fixed bed catalyst Gradually reducing the problem.
  • the use of a magnetic separator facilitates the recovery of the catalyst, and the design and application of the solid-liquid mixing and conveying device enables the composite powder catalyst to form a circulating flow in the hydrogenation process.
  • the deactivation of the catalyst is generally due to the carbon deposits of the inorganic or organic substances blocking the catalyst pores, which results in the active sites of the catalyst being covered, resulting in a decrease in the activity of the catalyst. Therefore, in the present invention, the catalyst is regenerated by using a higher concentration of an alkaline solution, for example, a 5--50% by weight aqueous solution of an alkali metal hydroxide combined with ultrasonic vibration. Ultrasonic vibration helps to remove inorganic deposits or organic carbon deposits, and the alkaline solution of rhenium concentration can dissolve the aluminum that is not dissolved in the first alkaline dissolution of the catalyst, forming a new loose pore structure, thereby increasing the catalyst activity.
  • an alkaline solution for example, a 5--50% by weight aqueous solution of an alkali metal hydroxide combined with ultrasonic vibration.
  • Ultrasonic vibration helps to remove inorganic deposits or organic carbon deposits, and the alkaline solution of rhenium concentration can dissolve the aluminum that is not dissolved in the
  • the inventor recovered the magnetic hydrogenation catalyst through sedimentation and a magnetic recoverer, and designed a Venturi-type solid-liquid mixing and conveying device, which used the power of feeding to send the catalyst back to the hydrogenation reactor to realize a composite powder catalyst In the cycle, we also filter out the catalyst and regenerate it to restore its original activity.
  • the two-pronged approach greatly reduces the catalyst consumption and increases the catalyst's active life.
  • the organic phase is continuously fed to the aniline tower after layering the hydrogenation solution after filtering and separating the residual composite powder catalyst, and the aniline is obtained at the top of the tower.
  • the tower kettle liquid is a crude product containing 4-aminodiphenylamine; if the hydrogenation solvent used in the hydrogenation reaction is an alcohol / water mixture, the hydrogenation solution after separating the residual composite powder catalyst by filtration is separated into layers The water layer and the organic layer are respectively distilled to obtain an alcohol solvent and aniline and recovered for application; if the hydrogenation solvent used in the hydrogenation reaction is an alcohol, the hydrogenation liquid after filtering and separating the residual composite powder catalyst is fed to the refining tower, The hydrogenation solvent is separated at the top of the column, and it is recycled back to the hydrogenation step.
  • the feed liquid in the column reactor enters the aniline column, where aniline is obtained from the top of the column.
  • the column reactor liquid is a crude product containing 4-aminodiphenylamine.
  • the operating pressure of the aniline tower can be from 0.005 to 0.1 MPa (absolute pressure), the temperature of the tower kettle is 120-320 ° C, and the gas phase temperature is 60-190 ° C.
  • the organic phase in which most of the aniline was separated in the separation step II contained 4-aminodiphenylamine, aniline, azobenzene, and phenazine.
  • the refining step is performed using three-column continuous distillation and batch distillation, wherein the organic phase to be purified is pumped into a No. 1 distillation column, and aniline is taken out from the top of the column,
  • the output of the tower kettle is crude 4-aminodiphenylamine; the top of the 1st distillation column enters the 3rd distillation column, and the aniline is distilled from the top of the 3rd distillation column.
  • the vacuum degree of the No. 1 distillation column is 0.09-0. 098MPa, the reflux ratio is 2: 1-10: 1, the top temperature is 80-130 ° C, and the tower kettle The temperature is 260-290 ° C ; No. 2 distillation column The vacuum degree is 0. 09-0. 09 serving Pa, the reflux ratio is 1: 0. 5- 1: 4; the temperature at the top of the tower is 140-190 ° C ; the temperature at the tower is 260-300 ° C ; The vacuum degree of the distillation tower is 0.09-0. 098MPa, the reflux ratio is 1: 0.
  • the top temperature is 80-120 ° C, and the temperature of the tower kettle is 120-170 ° C ; intermittent
  • the vacuum degree of the rectifying tower kettle is 0.09-0.098MPa, the top temperature is 235_250 ° C, and the tower kettle temperature is 280-330 Torr.
  • the temperature of the distillation pot of the No. 2 distillation column is relatively low, which can reduce the coking degree of 4-aminodiphenylamine, and it accounts for 96% or more of the total amount of 4-aminodiphenylamine at a relatively low temperature
  • the top of the No. 2 rectification column was separated, so the amount of 4-aminodiphenylamine in the feed liquid for batch distillation was greatly reduced.
  • nitrobenzene and aniline are used as raw materials, which are sequentially subjected to condensation, separation of a composite base catalyst, hydrogenation, separation of a hydrogenation solvent and a powdery catalyst, aniline, and purification. It can be carried out continuously and is suitable for industrial scale production.
  • the composite alkali catalyst is used in the condensation process, which greatly reduces the difficulty in handling the reaction, so that the water in the reaction system is no longer a factor restricting the reaction; the decomposition of the composite alkali catalyst is greatly Less than a single tetraalkylammonium hydroxide catalyst; the choice of the ratio of the falling film reactor and the reaction raw materials improves the selectivity of the reaction; no solvent is required; the composite base catalyst is used to catalyze the condensation reaction and to convert it before the hydrogenation reaction Separation and recovery are applied to avoid the thermally sensitive decomposition of the composite base catalyst in the hydrogenation process, greatly increasing the selection range of the hydrogenation catalyst, so that a cheaper hydrogenation catalyst can be selected, the cost is reduced, and the temperature range of the hydrogenation reaction is increased.
  • the fixed-bed reactor reduces the technical difficulty of the industrialization of the hydrogenation reaction; the extraction step after hydrogenation is also omitted (the composite alkali catalyst is separated from the organic liquid with an extractant and a co-extractant); if the hydrogenation catalyst is a composite powder catalyst, The catalyst has good anti-toxicity, few reaction by-products, and high conversion and selectivity.
  • a magnetic recoverer can be used to recover the magnetic composite powder catalyst.
  • the condensation liquid in the falling film reactor is discharged from the lower part into the primary reactor to continue the condensation reaction; the condensation liquid at the bottom of the partial primary reactor is returned to the falling film reactor through the circulation pump to form a local circulation system.
  • the heating medium of the falling film reactor is 78-90 ° C alcohol vapor.
  • the reaction temperature was controlled to 75 ° C, the pressure was 0. OOSMPa (absolute pressure), and the circulating liquid flow rate was 1 meter for 7 hours.
  • the material from the primary reactor overflows to the secondary reactor.
  • the process conditions such as operating temperature and pressure of the secondary reactor are the same as those of the primary reactor.
  • the total residence time of the control materials in the falling film reactor, the primary reactor and the secondary reactor was 5 hours.
  • the composite base catalyst recovered as described below can be used, and only a small amount of fresh composite base catalyst prepared according to Example 1 can be added to control the hydroxyl and nitrobenzene in the reaction system.
  • the molar ratio is not less than 1: 1.
  • the material discharged from the secondary reactor was analyzed. Nitrobenzene was ⁇ 0.1%, water content was 24.9%, and the content of 4-nitrosodiphenylamine and 4-nitronitroaniline was 16.1% by weight.
  • the condensed liquid thus obtained is continuously subjected to the separation I step.
  • carbon dioxide gas and water were passed into the filtered condensation solution until the solution had a pH of about 8.
  • calcium hydroxide was added to the water phase at a rate of 25 kg / hour, filtered, and the obtained composite base catalyst was concentrated to the original catalyst concentration, and then returned.
  • the organic phase contains 4-mononitrodiphenylamine and 4-nitrosodiphenylamine.
  • the organic phase containing 4-mononitrodiphenylamine and 4-nitrosodiphenylamine obtained after filtration in Separation I was fed to a primary hydrogenation reactor with a sealed magnetic stirrer, cooled and heated system. Replace with hydrogen and pressurize to 1.3 MPa. Start the hydrogen cycle machine to keep the circulating hydrogen flow rate at 1 standard cubic meter / hour, and circulate the hydrogen into the hydrogenation reactor in the form of bubbling to improve the gas-liquid mass transfer effect during the reaction.
  • the flow rate of the organic phase containing 4-mononitrodiphenylamine and 4-mononitrodiphenylamine was controlled to 180 kg / hour, and the flow rate of methanol was 48 Kg / hour.
  • the composite powder catalyst prepared above was added to the reactor so that the solid-liquid ratio was 6: 100 (weight ratio).
  • the hydrogenated reducing solution overflowed from the first-stage reactor to the second-stage reactor, and then overflowed to the third-stage reactor, and then overflowed to the sedimentation tank.
  • the reaction temperature was 75-80 ° C
  • the pressure was 1.3 MPa
  • the total residence time was 5 hour.
  • the composite powdery catalyst can be recovered to the greatest extent possible.
  • the solid-liquid mixture containing a large concentration of solid catalyst at the bottom of the sedimentation tank is returned to the first-stage hydrogenation reactor by the power of the Venturi-type solid-liquid conveying device. Activity to determine whether additional powdered hydrogenation catalysts are needed.
  • the hydrogenated reducing solution was tested by high performance liquid chromatography and did not contain 4-mononitrodiphenylamine and 4-nitrosodiphenylamine.
  • the hydrogenation solution is sent to the separation II step, and a very small amount of the composite powder catalyst entrapped in the hydrogenation solution is recovered by filtration. After the composite powder catalyst is regenerated, the hydrogenation step is applied.
  • the filtrate obtained was filtered and entered the methanol tower at 228 kg / hr.
  • the methanol was separated from the top of the tower and applied to the rehydrogenation process.
  • the feed liquid in the tower reactor entered the aniline tower.
  • the aniline was obtained at the top of the tower. Crude dianiline.
  • the aniline tower has an operating pressure of 0.005 MPa (absolute pressure), a tower kettle temperature of 150-160 ° C, and a gas phase temperature of 115-125 ° C.
  • the crude product of 4-aminodiphenylamine (containing 78.1% of 4-aminodiphenylamine, 21.75% of aniline, 0.05% of azobenzene, 0.1% of phenazine) was passed through the gear at a flow rate of 120 kg / hour The pump is continuously fed into the No. 1 rectification column.
  • the temperature of the control tower kettle was 270 V, the top temperature was 110 ° C, the vacuum degree was 0.094 MPa, and the reflux ratio was 5: 1.
  • the light components aniline, azobenzene, and phenazine were extracted from the top of the tower with a flow rate of about 26.2 kg / hour and sent to the No. 3 distillation column.
  • the temperature of No. 3 distillation tower is 150 ° C
  • the top temperature is 90 ° C
  • the vacuum is 0.094MPa
  • the reflux ratio is 1: 1
  • the aniline is distilled off at a flow rate of 24 kg / hour at the top of the column.
  • Is azobenzene, phenazine The liquid from the distillation column of the No. 1 distillation column is sent to the No. 2 distillation column. No.
  • 4-aminodiphenylamine was prepared in the same manner as described in Example 3, except that the condensation step was performed as follows. Turn on the composite base catalyst, aniline and nitrobenzene delivery pumps simultaneously under vacuum, and adjust the flow rate to 150 kg / hour of aniline, 30 kg / hour of nitrobenzene, and 200 kg / hour of composite base catalyst. Nitrobenzene, aniline, and composite base catalyst are continuously fed to the falling film reactor in proportion for heating to perform the condensation reaction; the condensation liquid in the falling film reactor is discharged from the lower part into the first-stage reactor to continue the condensation reaction; The condensation liquid at the bottom of part of the primary reactor is returned to the falling film reactor through the circulation pump to form a local circulation system.
  • the heating medium of the falling film reactor is 78-90 ° C alcohol vapor.
  • the reaction temperature was controlled at 75 ° C, the pressure was 0.008 MPa (absolute pressure), and the circulating liquid flow rate was 1 m V for hours.
  • the material from the primary reactor overflows to the secondary reactor.
  • the process conditions such as operating temperature and pressure of the secondary reactor are the same as those of the primary reactor.
  • the total residence time of the control materials in the falling film reactor, the primary reactor and the secondary reactor was 5 hours. After the condensation reaction is stabilized, the recovered composite base catalyst is used.
  • An alkali catalyst was added at a ratio of 1: 1 (mole) of sodium hydroxide: tetramethylammonium salt (tetramethylammonium carbonate according to Example 1) to control the concentration of hydroxide ions and nitrobenzene in the reaction system.
  • the molar ratio is not less than 1: 1.
  • the material discharged from the secondary reactor was analyzed. Nitrobenzene was ⁇ 0.1%, moisture was 15.6%, and the content of 4-nitrosodiphenylamine and 4-mononitrodiphenylamine was 17.6% by weight.
  • a small reactor, a membrane reactor and a circulation pump form a local circulation system with a total volume of 1 liter.
  • the system is equipped with a vacuum system and a temperature control system. Fill with aniline first and set the flow rate of the circulation pump to 2 liters / hour.
  • a mixed solution containing nitrobenzene, aniline, and the composite type alkaline catalyst prepared in Example 1 with a molar ratio of 0H "in the ratio of 1: 1 to 1.8 in the nitrobenzene: aniline: composite base catalyst was 200 ml / Feed to the reactor for an hour, with a residence time of 5 hours, keeping the system temperature at 75 ° C, and a pressure of 0.008 MPa (absolute pressure). After the reaction liquid is replaced with aniline, the reaction liquid composition is stable, sampling analysis, basic detection Less than the presence of nitrobenzene.
  • the selectivity of the reaction was calculated based on the total number of moles of 4-nitrosodiphenylamine and 4-nitrodiphenylamine formed by the reaction.
  • a small reactor, a membrane reactor and a circulation pump form a local circulation system with a total volume of 1 liter.
  • the system is equipped with a vacuum system and a temperature control system. Fill the reaction system with aniline first, and the flow rate of the circulation pump is 2 liters / hour.
  • the mixed solution containing nitrobenzene, aniline, and composite alkali catalyst enters the reactor at a certain speed, and the nitrobenzene: aniline: Molar ratio is 1: 7, nitrobenzene: composite base catalyst 0H—molar ratio is 1: 1.15, keep system temperature at 75 ° C, pressure is O.
  • the 400ml reactor was filled with cylindrical copper catalysts, which were stacked randomly, with a diameter of 5mm and a column height of 5 legs.
  • the catalyst contains 42% copper oxide, 42% zinc oxide, 6% aluminum oxide, and the rest is physical water. Under hydrogen flow, the catalyst bed was activated at 110 ° C-24CTC for 24 hours.
  • the organic phase containing 4-mononitrodiphenylamine and 4-nitrosodiphenylamine obtained in the step I of Example 3 in the separation step I was slightly heated and fused, it was mixed with 30% by volume of methanol. The mixture was mixed with hydrogen at a flow rate of 100 ml / h and preheated, and then entered into the above-mentioned hydrogenation reactor.
  • reaction liquid was analyzed by high performance liquid chromatography, and it was found that the reaction liquid did not contain 4-nitrosodiphenylamine and 4-nitrodiamine.
  • the content of aniline and 4-aminodiphenylamine was 14.6% (chromatographic content).
  • a Pd / C catalyst containing 5% by weight of palladium was compared with the composite powder catalyst of the present invention.
  • the test was carried out under the process conditions described in the above intermittent hydrogenation example, the amounts of the catalysts added were the same, and both catalysts were recovered and applied after the reaction was completed.
  • 1% ⁇ 4 In the 21 times of the two catalyst recovery kits, 4-nitroso diphenylamine was not detected in the reaction solution of the two, when the 21st application, the reaction solution containing Pd / C catalyst contained 0.1% 4 -Nitrodiphenylamine, and 4-nitrodiphenylamine was not detected in the reaction solution obtained by using the composite powder catalyst of the present invention. It is shown that the catalyst of the present invention is more resistant to toxicity than the precious metal catalyst.

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Description

制备 4一氨基二苯胺的方法
相关申请的交叉参考
本申请要求 2003 年 7 月 4 日提交的 CN03148566. 9, CN03148195. 7,
CN03148194. 9, CN03148191. 4, CN03148565. 0, CN03148200. 7, CN03148198. 1, CN03148196. 5的优先权, 通过引用将其整体结合在本申请中。 技术领域
本发明涉及制备 4一氨基二苯胺的方法,具体而言,涉及以硝基苯和苯胺为原料, 使用复合型碱催化剂作为缩合催化剂, 使用常规氢化催化剂或复合粉末状催化剂作为 氢化反应催化剂, 在包括缩合、 分离回收和循环使用复合型碱催化剂、 氢化、 分离回 收和循环使用苯胺和任选分离回收和循环使用氢化溶剂以及如果需要, 分离回收和循 环使用任选至少部分再生的氢化催化剂、 精制的五个工序中连续制备 4一氨基二苯胺 的方法。 背景技术
4一氨基二苯胺是重要的抗氧化剂和稳定剂的中间体,是橡胶工业和聚合物工业 中重要的化工产品。 根据使用原料的不同, 目前生产 4一氨基二苯胺的方法有: (1 ) 苯胺法, 以对硝基氯苯和苯胺为原料, 在催化剂作用下反应生成 4一硝基二苯胺, 然 后用硫化碱还原为 4一氨基二苯胺; (2) 甲酰苯胺法, 以甲酸和苯胺为原料制备甲酰 苯胺, 再与对硝基氯苯在缚酸剂(例如碳酸钾)存在下反应生成 4一硝基二苯胺, 然 后用硫化碱还原制备 4一氨基二苯胺; (3 ) 二苯胺法, 即以二苯胺为原料, 在有机溶 剂中用亚硝酸盐进行亚硝化, 得到 N—亚硝基二苯胺, 再用无水氯化氢进行重排得 4 一亚硝基二苯胺盐酸盐, 用碱中和生成 4一亚硝基二苯胺, 最后用硫化碱还原得 4一 氨基二苯胺。 这些方法尽管原料不同, 但都用传统的硫化碱作还原剂生产 4一氨基二 苯胺。 这些反应的缺点是反应条件苛刻, 操作复杂, 能耗高, 收率低, 成本高以及伴 有 "三废"产生而污染环境等。
制备 4-氨基二苯胺的路线中还有一条路线是使用硝基苯或硝基苯和苯胺或亚硝 基苯作为原料进行缩合反应, 然后用氢气氢化来制备 4一氨基二苯胺的方法。 其实, 在碱的作用下, 硝基苯和苯胺反应生成 4-亚硝基二苯胺和 4-硝基二苯胺在 1901年和 1903年都已经有报道 (Wohl, Chemische Berichte, 34, p. 2442 (1901)和 Wohl, Chemische Berichte, 36, p. 4135 (1903) ), 只是收率相对较低, 所以一直没有得 到重视和发展。 进入九十年代以来, 世界上对这条路线重新进行研究开发, 取得了一 些进步 (参见 DE19734055. 5, DE19810929. 6, DE 19709124. 5)。 这些方法存在一些 共同的缺点: 一是所选用的催化剂价格昂贵, 应用于工业规模生产会导致生产成本过 高, 与目前的生产工艺相比较没有优势。 例如, 缩合反应使用的氢氧化四烷基铵和氟 化物以及氢化反应采用的贵金属钯、 铂、 铑等价格昂贵, 由于氢氧化四烷基铵的不稳 定性, 给回收套用带来了一定的难度, 贵金属氢化催化剂的选用则对原料和设备的要 求都比较高; 二是收率比较低, 仅仅是试验室的做法, 这也是很难工业化的一个重要 原因; 三是操作比较繁琐, 不利于连续化操作, 使得生产规模受到限制; 四是分离困 难, 产品纯度不高。
在 US 6, 395, 933中, 公开了用硝基苯和取代苯胺在一定温度下, 在强碱和相转 移催化剂存在下合成 4-氨基二苯胺的方法。该方法的收率不理想, 副反应很多; 合成 中产生的 4-硝基二苯胺和 4-亚硝基二苯胺混合物中, 4-硝基二苯胺的比例过大, 导 致氢化反应中氢气消耗过大, 增加了生产成本; 而且需要氧化剂, 因此很难适合工业 化的生产。
在 W09300324中, 公开了硝基苯和苯胺在合适的溶剂中, 在碱的作用下, 控制 质子材料在溶液中的含量,在合适的温度下反应生产 4-氨基二苯胺的方法。在这个专 利中必须要有溶剂和控制质子材料在溶液中的含量, 溶剂的引入带来了能耗增加和带 来了分离难度, 控制质子材料给反应操控带来了难度, 尤其在缩合反应的后期, 控制 溶液中的质子材料的含量 (主要是指脱水到一个相对小的含量)会延长反应的时间, 带走一部分的苯胺, 越到后期越难脱去质子材料, 控制质子材料到一定的范围操作难 度大, 不利于工业生产; 控制质子材料在 0. 5-4%的范围内时会使昂贵的四烷基季胺碱 催化剂快速分解, 导致生产成本增加。 发明概述
本发明的目的在于选择用于缩合和氢化反应的、 价廉并性能优越的催化剂和一 条适于工业规模生产的工艺流程, 连续地制备 4一氨基二苯胺。
本发明使用复合型碱催化剂作为缩合催化剂, 使用常规氢化催化剂或复合粉末 状催化剂作为氢化反应催化剂, 在包括缩合、 分离 I (分离回收和循环使用复合型碱 催化剂)、 氢化、 分离 II (分离回收和循环使用苯胺和任选分离回收和循环使用氢化 溶剂以及如果需要, 分离回收和循环使用任选至少部分再生的氢化催化剂)、 精制五 个工序中, 以连续工艺制备 4一氨基二苯胺。 附图简要说明
附图 1为本发明的制备 4一氨基二苯胺的方法的一个实施方案的工艺流程图。 发明详述
在本发明的一个实施方案中, 提供了一种制备 4一氨基二苯胺的方法, 该方法以 硝基苯和苯胺为原料, 包括縮合、 分离 I即分离回收和循环使用复合型碱催化剂、 氢 化、分离 II即分离回收和循环使用苯胺和任选分离回收和循环使用氢化溶剂以及如果 需要, 分离回收和循环使用任选至少部分再生的氢化催化剂、 精制五个工序, 其中使 用复合型碱催化剂作为缩合催化剂。
在本发明另一个实施方案中, 氢化反应选用的氢化催化剂选自元素周期表上第珊 族元素或铜, 铬, 锌, 锰作为活性成分和 /或助催化成分的常规加氢催化剂或复合粉 末状催化剂。
在本发明另一个实施方案中, 复合粉末状催化剂包含镍、 铝和元素 A, 所述 A选 自 Fe、 Cu、 Co、 Mn、 Cr、 Mo、 B和 P中的至少一种, 其中镍的含量为 25— 99. 9重量 % , 铝和元素 A的总含量为 0. 1— 75重量%。
在本发明另一个实施方案中, 缩合反应的条件是: 硝基苯: 苯胺 = 1 : 1 - 1: 15 (摩尔), 反应温度为 20— 150°C, 反应压力为 0. 005— 0. IMPa (绝压), 反应时间为 3. 5-6小时。 '
在本发明另一个实施方案中,在分离 I中,釆用添加酸性物质中和体系进行分离, 再用碱碱化水相的方法回收复合型碱催化剂, 所述酸性物质选自无机酸、 其氧化物和 水的组合及其它的无机酸式盐, 优选盐酸、 硫酸、 硝酸、 碳酸、 碳酸氢钠、 二氧化碳 和水的组合, 三氧化硫和水的组合; 采用的碱选自碱金属和碱土金属的氢氧化物或氧 化物, 需要根据复合型碱催化剂中四烷棊铵盐和碱来选择相应的酸性物质和碱。
在本发明另一个实施方案中, 复合型碱催化剂中氢氧根离子与硝基苯的摩尔比为 1: 4-4: 1。
在本发明另一个实施方案中, 缩合反应所采用的复合型碱催化剂含有氢氧化四烷 基铵、 碱金属氢氧化物, 以及四烷基铵盐三种组分。
在本发明另一个实施方案中, 复合型碱催化剂中氢氧化四浣基铵: 碱金属氢氧化 物: 四烷基铵盐二 (0-9): (0. 5-3): (0. 5-3) (摩尔), 氢氧化四烷基铵、 碱金属 氢氧化物、 四烷基铵盐三者浓度总和为 10— 100重量%。
在本发明另一个实施方案中, 所述复合型碱催化剂通过如下方法制备: 控制温度 在 0— 90°C, 将氢氧化四烷基铵、 碱金属氢氧化物或氧化物、 四烷基铵盐按要求的摩 尔比例在水中搅拌均匀,即得含水的复合型碱催化剂,其中所述原料氢氧化四垸基铵、 碱金属氢氧化物或氧化物、 四垸基铵盐均为固体形式或水溶液形式。
在本发明另一个实施方案中, 所述复合型碱催化剂通过如下方法制备: 控制温度 在 0— 90°C, 将氢氧化四烷基铵、 碱金属氢氧化物或氧化物、 四垸基铵盐按要求的摩 尔比例在水中搅拌均匀, 然后加苯共沸完全脱去水分, 得到无水复合型碱催化剂, 其 中所述原料氢氧化四烷基铵、 碱金属氢氧化物或氧化物、 四垸基铵盐均为固体形式或 水溶液形式。
在本发明另一个实施方案中, 所述的四垸基铵盐具有如下通式:
[ (Rl) (R2) (R3) (R4) N]+„Xn"
其中 Rl、 R2、 R3、 R4相同或不相同, 为具有 1-4个碳原子的烷基, 并且所述烷基可 以具有亲水取代基团, Χπ-选自卤根、硫酸根、碳酸根、磷酸根、碳酸氢根、硫酸氢根、 垸基 (CI- C2) 碳酸根、 烷基 (C1-C2)硫酸根等, η= 1— 2。
在本发明另一个实施方案中, 所述的四烷基铵盐通式中的 Rl、 R2、 R3、 R4中至 少一个具有亲水取代基团, 该亲水取代基团选自羟基、 甲氧基、聚醚、阳离子聚酰胺、 聚酯、 多乙烯多铵、 强水溶性含季铵盐的基团。
在本发明另一个实施方案中, 所述的四烷基铵盐为选自多甲基化三亚乙基四胺硫 酸盐, 多甲基化二亚乙基三胺碳酸盐, N,N-二甲基 -N, N-二甲氧乙基铵碳酸盐, N -甲 基- Ν, Ν, Ν-三甲氧乙基铵碳酸盐, Ν, Ν, Ν-三甲基 -Ν-羟乙基铵碳酸盐, 氯化三甲基羟 乙基铵, Ν,Ν, Ν-三甲基 -Ν-乙氧基化(1-4摩尔 Ε0) 乙基铵碳酸盐, Ν, Ν, Ν-三甲基 -Ν -乙氧基化(1-4摩尔 Ε0) 丙基铵碳酸盐、 Ν, Ν, Ν-三甲基 -Ν-乙氧基化(1-4摩尔 Ε0)丙基铵氯化物、 ?^-二甲基-?^-二(乙氧基化(1-4摩尔 Ε0) 丙基)铵碳酸盐的 具有亲水取代基的四烷基铵盐。
在本发明另一个实施方案中, 所述的四烷基铵盐选自四甲基铵碳酸盐、 甲基碳酸 四甲基铵、 四乙基铵碳酸盐、 乙基碳酸四乙基铵、 四甲基铵硫酸盐、 甲基硫酸四甲基 铵、 四乙基铵硫酸盐和乙基硫酸四乙基铵。
在本发明另一个实施方案中, 所述的四烷基铵盐, 是由三烷基胺与碳酸二垸基
(C1 - C2)酯或硫酸二烷基 (CI- C2)酯在极性溶剂中反应制得的。
在本发明另一个实施方案中, 制备所述的四烷基铵盐的反应中, 反应压力为 0. 1 -3 (MPa); 反应温度为 50— 200 ( °C ); 反应时间为 1. 5— 6小时; 三垸基胺与碳酸二 垸基 (C1-C2)酯或硫酸二垸基 (C1-C2)酯的比为 2: 1 - 1: 2 (摩尔); 所选的极性溶剂 为甲醇、 乙醇或异丙醇; 极性溶剂的用量为三烷基胺的重量的 1一 10倍。
在本发明另一个实施方案中, 缩合反应在无氧条件下进行。
在本发明另一个实施方案中, 缩合反应中, 无须另加或控制质子材料。
在本发明另一个实施方案中, 缩合反应中无溶剂。
在本发明另一个实施方案中, 缩合反应中只需在反应的初期添加部分复合型碱催 化剂, 反应过程中仅补充复合型碱催化剂中的四烷基铵盐组分和 /或碱金属氢氧化物 或碱金属氧化物组分。
在本发明另一个实施方案中, 缩合工序是在由缩合循环泵、 降膜反应器和一级反 应器形成的循环系统及任选的后续反应器中进行。
在本发明另一个实施方案中, 所述缩合工序釆用了降膜反应器, 降膜反应器的热 媒采用酒精蒸气、 热水、 蒸汽或甲醇蒸气。
在本发明另一个实施方案中, 氢化反应的条件为: 采用氢气为还原剂, 气液比为 10: 1-1500: 1 (体积), 采用非固定床氢化工艺时固液比为 0. 5: 100-16: 100 (重 量), 溶剂: 分离 I料液即分离了复合型碱催化剂的缩合液 = 1 : 10-5: 10 (重量), 气体指氢气, 液体包括溶剂和分离 I液, 固体指氢化催化剂, 氢化反应的温度为 50 -150Ό , 反应器的压力为 0. 2-6. OMPa (绝压), 反应时间为 2—7小时。
在本发明另一个实施方案中, 氢化反应所采用的复合粉末状催化剂通过如下方法 制备: 将镍粉, 铝粉和元素 A按所需比例混合后, 在髙温下熔融, 淬冷出料后碾碎成 粉末, 然后用氢氧化物水溶液处理。
在本发明另一个实施方案中, 氢化反应后利用磁分离器来回收磁性的复合粉末状 催化剂。
在本发明另一个实施方案中, 通过文丘里式固液混合输送装置, 借助加料的动力 将磁分离器回收的复合粉末状催化剂送回氢化反应器。
在本发明另一个实施方案中, 失活的复合粉末状催化剂通过超声波震动和 /或用 强碱处理进行再生。
在本发明另一个实施方案中, 氢化反应使用的溶剂为醇类或 /和水。 在本发明另一个实施方案中,精制采用三塔连续精馏加间歇精馏工艺,其中 1、 2、 3号精馏塔的真空度各自独立地为 0. 09-0. 098MPa,塔釜温度分别为 260— 290Ό、 260 — 300°C和 120— 170°C, 回流比分别为 2: 1-10: 1, 1: 0. 5—1: 4和 1 : 0. 5- 1: 2, 间歇精馏的真空度为 0. 09-0. 098MPa, 塔釜温度为 280— 330°C。
本发明的工艺流程中, "分离 I "是指分离回收和循环使用复合型碱催化剂, "分离 II "是指分离回收和循环使用苯胺和任选分离回收和循环使用氢化溶剂以及如 果需要, 分离回收和循环任选至少部分再生的氢化催化剂。 在本文中的术语 "任选分 离回收和循环使用氢化溶剂"是指, 在使用水作为氢化溶剂时, 任选回收和循环使用 所述水, 而在使用下文所述的醇类溶剂作为氢化溶剂时, 应分离、 回收和循环使用所 述醇类氢化溶剂。
参考附图 1, 按照本发明的一个优选实施方案, 本发明的制备 4一氨基二苯胺的 方法包括: 将硝基苯、 苯胺和复合型碱催化剂按比例, 通过计量泵连续进料至缩合工 序, 反应生成含 4一硝基二苯胺和 4一亚硝基二苯胺和 /或它们的盐的缩合液(7); 将 缩合液(7)连续进料至分离 I工序, 采用添加酸性物质中和缩合液(7)进行分离, 再用碱碱化水相的方法回收复合型碱催化剂, 将回收的复合型碱催化剂 (1 ) 循环回 缩合工序; 将分离 I料液即分离了复合型催化剂的缩合液(8)、 氢化溶剂(包括补充 的氢化溶剂 (3) 和任选回收的氢化溶剂 (5) ) 按一定比例连续进料至氢化土序, 在 复合粉末状催化剂 (包括补充的复合粉末状催化剂 (2) 和循环使用的任选至少部分 再生的复合粉末状催化剂 (4) ) 的催化作用下和氢气反应, 得到含 4一氨基二苯胺的 氢化液(9) ; 将氢化液(9)进料到分离 II工序, 在此分离得到 (a) 复合粉末状催化 剂 (4), 其直接循环回氢化工序或者至少部分再生后循环回氢化工序, (b)苯胺(6), 其循环回缩合工序, 和任选地 (c )氢化溶剂 (5), 其循环回氢化工序; 和将分离了 大部分苯胺的 4一氨基二苯胺粗品(10)进料至精制工序, 在此分离出 (a)部分苯胺 (6), 其循环回缩合工序, 和 (b) 4—氨基二苯胺成品。 整个工艺流程连续进行。 在缩合反应中, 硝基苯与苯胺的摩尔比为 1 : 1 - 1: 15; 反应温度为 20—150°C, 优选 50— 90°C, 控制反应温度不高于 90°C可以使得缩合过程中复合型碱催化剂的分 解率小于 0. 5 % ; 反应压力为 0. 005-0. IMPa (绝压); 物料在整个缩合反应系统中的 停留时间为 3. 5— 6小时。
缩合反应使用的复合型碱催化剂含有氢氧化四垸基铵、碱金属氢氧化物,四烷基 铵盐三种组分, 任选还含有水, 其中氢氧化四烷基铵、 碱金属氢氧化物和四烷基铵盐 三者浓度总和为 10— 100重量%, 优选为 25_38重量%, 并且氢氧化四烷基铵、 碱 金属氢氧化物和四垸基铵盐的摩尔比为 (0— 9 ) : (0. 5-3): ( 0. 5— 3)。 组合使用一 部分的氢氧化四烷基铵与较廉价的碱金属氢氧化物或氧化物和四垸基铵盐, 达到了现 有技术中使用高纯度的氢氧化四垸基铵作为催化剂同样的目的。 在缩合反应混合物 中, 复合型碱催化剂中氢氧根离子与硝基苯的摩尔比为 1 : 4-4: 1。
缩合反应所采用的复合型碱催化剂可以通过如下方法制备: 控制温度在 0— 90°C, 将氢氧化四烷基铵、 碱金属氢氧化物或氧化物、 四烷基铵盐按 (0— 9 ) : ( 0. 5 - 3): ( 0. 5-3 ) 的摩尔比例在水中搅拌均匀, 即得含水的复合型碱催化剂。 在得到 含水的复合型碱催化剂后, 任选加苯共沸完全脱去水分, 得到无水复合型碱催化剂。 所述原料氢氧化四烷基铵、 碱金属氢氧化物或氧化物、 四烷基铵盐均可以是固体形式 或水溶液形式。
在工业生产的过程中, 反应物不可避免地要和外界的空气中, 氢气中夹杂的二 氧化碳和一氧化碳接触, 导致氢氧化四烷基铵的量减少, 转化成四烷基碳酸铵盐。 在 单单以氢氧化四烷基铵为催化剂的反应中, 转化成铵盐导致了催化剂量的减少, 必须 增加催化剂的量, 去除掉铵盐。 而采用本发明的复合型碱催化剂则无须复杂的工艺, 只需提高复合型碱催化剂中的碱金属氢氧化物或氧化物的比例即可。
本发明在一定的条件下, 釆用所述复合型碱催化剂, 将硝基苯和苯胺縮合生成 4-硝基二苯胺和 4-亚硝基二苯胺和 /或它们的盐。 本发明的缩合反应中, 可以使用无 水型的复合型碱催化剂使硝基苯和苯胺转化成 4-硝基二苯胺和 4-亚硝基二苯胺和 /或 它们的盐, 在体系无水的环境下, 反应的选择性和转化率达到了我们所希望的要求。
如果采用复合型碱催化剂也可以不对水、 甲醇等质子材料进行苛刻地控制, 尽量 避免因为质子材料的控制而引起的复合型碱催化剂的损失以及引起的操作上的麻烦。 虽然不希望局限于任何特定的理论, 但相信正是复合型碱催化剂中氢氧化四烷基铵、 碱金属氢氧化物、 四烷基铵盐三种物质的综合作用造成了这种现象, 这样降低了反应 的操控难度。 我们认为采用由氫氧化四烷基铵、 碱金属氢氧化物、 四烷基铵盐三种物 质组成的复合型碱催化剂, 对反应体系中的水等质子材料的限制已经不再重要, 也就 是说在反应中没有水分等质子材料或者在溶液体系中水份等质子材料的含量比较高 的时候, 缩合反应都可以照常进行, 转化率和选择性不受影响, 这样就降低了反应的 操控难度,并且降低了因脱水共沸带出的苯胺量,使所述方法更加适宜工业化的生产。
在本发明中水分等质子材料已经不成为制约反应的因素, 无论无水或有水等的 质子材料, 都能达到我们所要求的选择性和转化率。 而且我们还发现, 使用复合型碱 催化剂其分解率比单一的氢氧化四垸基铵降低。 '
在本发明的一个优选实施方案中,缩合反应如下进行: 通过计量泵将硝基苯、苯 胺以及复合型碱催化剂按比例连续进料至降膜反应器进行加热以进行缩合反应; 降膜 反应器中的缩合液从降膜反应器下部排出进入一级反应器, 以继续进行縮合反应; 部 分一级反应器底部的缩合液通过循环泵再返回降膜反应器, '这样构成本发明缩合反应 的局部循环系统。 该循环系统主要由降膜反应器和一级反应器构成, 物料通过缩合循 环泵在此系统不断地循环。 循环过程中保持缩合液的量能在降膜反应器中形成均匀的 膜。 降膜反应器热媒采用酒精蒸气、 或热水、 或蒸汽、 或甲醇蒸气, 优选酒精蒸气, 使得体系中温度十分均匀, 避免了局部过热现象。 降膜反应器中反应液几乎无返混, 大大降低了产物与原料物的接触机会, 使得副反应降到最低限度。 通过一个带有降膜 反应器的局部循环系统, 加快了缩合反应的反应速度, 减少了反应时间, 使原来长达 十多小时的反应时间縮短为 3. 5-6小时。
本发明人还发现, 连续膜式反应比全混反应选择性及收率均高。 在这个反应中, 硝基苯和苯胺反应生成了 4-亚硝基二苯胺, 硝基苯还可以和 4-亚硝基二苯胺反应生 成 4-硝基二苯胺, 同时硝基苯自身还原成亚硝基苯。亚硝基苯能和苯胺反应生成偶氮 苯, 这个反应对主反应是不利的, 降低了反应的选择性。 在反应开始的时候硝基苯相 对的量比较大, 随着反应的进行,.硝基苯逐渐转化成 4-亚硝基二苯胺, 硝基苯的量逐 渐减少。 由于采用连续膜式反应器,减少了加入时硝基苯和后来生成的 4-亚硝基二苯 胺接触与反应的机会(进入反应器开始反应时硝基苯的浓度相对较高但 4-亚硝基二苯 胺浓度相对较低,反应结束时 4-亚硝基二苯胺浓度相对较高但硝基苯浓度相对较低), 减少了硝基苯被 4-亚硝基二苯胺还原成亚硝基苯的机会,也就减少了硝基苯和苯胺反 应生成偶氮苯的反应。
在硝基苯和苯胺在复合型碱催化剂存在下进行的缩合反应中,主要的副反应是生 成副产物偶氮苯和吩嗪。 本发明人发现, 苯胺的量越大, 硝基苯转化为吩嗪的副反应 就越少。 这个反应中的另外一个副产物是偶氮苯, 偶氮苯在氢化工序很容易转化为苯 胺, 可以在生产过程中循环套用。 所以本发明中硝基苯与苯胺的摩尔比选择为 1 : 1 -1: 15。
同时在本发明方法中,在体系中可以不引入溶剂,只是在合适的硝基苯和苯胺配 比条件下进行缩合反应, 得到了很好的收率。
本发明利用上述方法提高了缩合反应的收率, 使反应向需要的方向进行。
本领域技术人员可以想到, 本发明的缩合反应可以采用更多级的串联反应器。 在缩合工序中, 随着反应的进行, 缩合工序使用的复合型碱催化剂不可避免地 要损失一部分。补加催化剂的时候可以仅添加复合型碱催化剂中碱金属氢氧化物和四 烷基铵盐两个组分, 两者的摩尔比为 4: 1-1: 4。 可以釆用碱金属氧化物代替碱金属 氢氧化物, 其用量可以通过相应的氢氧化物换算而得。
可用于本发明的四烷基铵盐具有如下通式-
[ (Rl) (R2) (R3) (R4) N]+„Xn- 其中 Rl、 R2、 R3、 R4相同或不相同, 为具有 1-4个碳原子的垸基, 并且所述烷 基可以具有亲水取代基团, 该亲水取代基团选自羟基、 甲氧基、聚醚、阳离子聚酰胺、 聚酯、 多乙烯多铵、 强水溶性含季铵盐的基团等, xn -选自卤根、 硫酸根、 碳酸根、 磷 酸根、 碳酸氢根、 硫酸氢根、 烷基(CI- C2)碳酸根、 烷基 (C1-C2)硫酸根等, n= l— 2。 四垸基铵盐的非限制性实例包括: 多甲基化三亚乙基四胺硫酸盐, 多甲基化二亚 乙基三胺碳酸盐, N,N-二甲基 - N, N-二甲氧乙基铵碳酸盐, N-甲基 -N, N, N-三甲氧乙 基铵碳酸盐, N, N, N-三甲基 -N-羟乙基铵碳酸盐, 氯化三甲基羟乙基铵, N,N, N -三 甲基 -N-乙氧基化(1-4摩尔 E0) 乙基铵碳酸盐, N, N, N-三甲基 -N-乙氧基化(1-4摩 尔 E0)丙基铵碳酸盐, N, N, N-三甲基 -N-乙氧基化(1-4摩尔 E0)丙基铵盐酸盐, N, N- 二甲基 -N,N-二(乙氧基化 (1-4摩尔 E0) 丙基)铵碳酸盐, 四甲基铵碳酸盐, 甲基碳 酸四甲基铵, 四乙基铵碳酸盐, 乙基碳酸四乙基铵, 四甲基铵硫酸盐, 甲基硫酸四甲 基铵, 四乙基铵硫酸盐和乙基硫酸四乙基铵。
上述复合型碱催化剂中使用的氢氧化四烷基铵的结构式为 R,4N+0H―, 其中 R'独立 地表示含 1一 2个碳原子的烷基。 可采用相应的四烷基铵盐和碱在极性溶剂中进行反 应来制备。 碱金属氢氧化物或氧化物包括锂、钠、钾或铷的氢氧化物或氧化物, 例如氢氧化 钠、 氢氧化钾、 氢氧化锂、 氧化钠或氧化钾。
本发明中采用的烷基碳酸四烷基铵或烷基硫酸四烷基铵是由三烷基胺和碳酸二 烷基 (CI- C2) 酯或硫酸二烷基 (C1 C2)酯在极性溶剂中反应制得。
本发明的制备烷基碳酸四垸基铵或烷基硫酸四垸基铵的反应温度为 50— 200 ( °C ), 优选温度为 60— 150 ( °C ), 反应的压力为 0. 1— 3 (MPa) (表压)。 一般说来, 压力与所选定的温度、 溶剂的种类和用量有密切关系, 即溶剂用量越少, 体系压力越 高; 温度越高, 压力越大。本发明反应的压力最好控制在 0. 4— 2 (MPa), 可得到较高 收率的产物。
本发明的制备烷基碳酸四垸基铵或垸基硫酸四烷基铵的反应所选用的原料三烷 基胺和碳酸二烷基(CI- C2)酯或硫酸二烷基 (C1-C2)酯的配比为 2: 1- 1: 2 (摩尔)。 如果三烷基胺的比例过大, 则在反应体系中过剩, 从而给后续工艺的操作带来困难, 而且污染环境; 如果三烷基胺的比例过小, 则碳酸二烷基 (C1-C2)靡或硫酸二烷基 (C1-C2)酯过剩,在下一步反应时造成碳酸二垸基(CI- C2)酯或硫酸二烷基(C1-C2) 酯的损失, 增加生产成本。
本发明的制备烷基碳酸四垸基铵或烷基硫酸四垸基铵的反应釆用的三烷基胺和 碳酸二烷基(CI- C2) 酸酯或硫酸二烷基(CI- C2)酯的反应时间为 1. 5— 6小时。 反 应初期速度快, 放热现象明显, 随着原料的逐渐消耗, 反应减缓, 放热逐渐减少。 在 反应中可通过不断地调节冷却水的用量来控制一定的反应温度、 压力。
本发明的制备烷基碳酸四烷基铵或烷基硫酸四烷基铵的反应所选用的极性溶剂 包括甲醇或乙醇或异丙醇, 溶剂用量为三垸基胺重量的 1一 10倍。
在分离 I工序中, 含有 4一硝基二苯胺和 4一亚硝基二苯胺或 /和它们的盐的缩 合液经过滤后, 向滤液中加入酸性物质使溶液 pH值保持在 8左右。 溶液分层后, 有 机相为 4一硝基二苯胺和 4一亚硝基二苯胺的混合物。 然后, 向水层添加碱性物质, 所述碱性物质与上面添加的酸性物质的当量比为 1 : 1-3: 1, 得到复合型碱催化剂, 如果需要,将其浓缩,然后循环回缩合工序。
分离 I工序中釆用的酸性物质可以选自无机酸、其氧化物和水及其它的无机酸式 盐, 如盐酸、 硫酸、 硝酸、 碳酸、 碳酸氢钠、 二氧化碳和水, 三氧化硫和水等, 采用 的碱可以选自碱金属和碱土金属的氢氧化物或氧化物, 需要根据复合型碱催化剂中四 烷基铵盐和碱来选择相应的酸性物质和碱性物质。选择的方法是一般从事该领域的技 术人员所共知的方法, 例如如果烷基铵盐是氯化盐则选用盐酸作为酸性物质, 从而避 免其他杂质带入, 如果烷基铵盐是碳酸盐则选用二氧化碳和水来中和, 再用氢氧化钙 碱化。
需要特别指出的是, 本发明利用酸性物质在分离 I工序将复合型碱催化剂与 4 - 硝基二苯胺和 4-亚硝基二苯胺分离,避免了加氢工序中复合型碱催化剂的热敏性分解 问题, 因此大大增加了氢化催化剂的选择范围。 可用于本发明氢化反应中的氢化催化 剂可以为元素周期表上第爾族元素或铜, 铬, 锌, 锰等作为活性成分或 /助催化成分 的任何常规加氢催化剂或复合粉末状催化剂。氢化反应温度可以为 50— 150 ( °C ), 氢 化反应器可以是一级或多级的流动床, 也可以是一级或多级的固定床串联反应器。 如 果采用适合固定床的催化剂剂型, 例如颗粒状催化剂, 则可以根据化工领域技术人员 所众知的方案调整相应的工艺, 例如在下面所述的分离 II中不需要过滤氢化催化剂, 在氢化工序中也不需要采用磁回收器来回收分离氢化催化剂等等。这些技术方案也在 本发明的范围内。
下面描述采用本发明复合粉末状催化剂和流动床氢化工艺的本发明方法的氢化 和分离 II。
在本发明该方案的氢化反应中, 可以采用氢气为还原剂。 反应温度为 50— 150 °C, 压力为 0. 2— 6. 0MPa (绝压), 反应时间为 2— 7小时, 气液比为 10: 1- 1500: 1 (体积), 固液比为 0. 5: 100-16: 100 (重量)。 气体即指氢气, 液体包括氢化溶剂 和分离 I液, 固体是指复合粉末状催化剂。
本发明中, 氢化反应可以采用醇类和 /或水作氢化溶剂。 醇类优选甲醇、 乙醇或 异丙醇。 氢化溶剂的用量应使得氢化溶剂: 分离 I液 = 1 : 10-5: 10 (重量)。
本发明的氢化反应中使用的复合粉末状催化剂包含镍、 铝和元素 A, 所述 A选自 Fe、 Cu、 Co、 Mn、 Cr、 Mo、 B、 P中的至少一种, 其中镍的含量为 25— 99. 9重量%, 铝、 元素 A的总含量为 0. 1— 75重量%。 催化剂的粒径可以为 40— 300目。
上述的选自 Fe、 Cu、 Cr、 Co、 Mn、 Mo、 B和 P中至少一种的调变助剂 A可修饰镍
-铝合金晶态, 达到提髙氢化反应选择性, 提高催化剂活性的目的。
本发明的复合粉末状催化剂可以通过如下方法制备: 将镍粉, 铝粉和元素 A按 所需比例混合后, 在高温状态下熔融, 出料淬冷后碾碎成 40— 300目的粉末, 然后用 氢氧化物水溶液处理。 氢氧化物浓度可以是 5%-50% (重量), 反应温度可以为 50-90 V。 为了改善在后续的工艺中采用的磁分离器回收氢化催化剂的效果, 优选至少采 用铁作为调变助剂, 以增加复合粉末状催化剂的铁磁性。 因此, 在本发明的一个优选 实施方案中,本发明的复合粉末状催化剂可如下制备:按照需要的比例取镍粉,铝粉, 铁粉, 及任选的选自 Cu、 Cr、 Co、 Mn、 Mo、 B和 P的其它调变助剂 A, 在¾感炉内熔 融成合金状,将熔化的合金靠气体的压力通过喷嘴喷到髙速旋转的铜鼓上,迅速淬冷, 冷却的速度可以达到 105- 10 /S。 冷却后的合金用球磨机碾压成 40— 300 目, 优选 100-200目的粉末, 然后用 5°/。- 50% (重量) 的氢氧化物水溶液在 50- 90°C处理。
按照本发明的一个优选实施方案, 氢化反应可以按照如下方式进行: 分离 I液、 氢化溶剂和回收的复合粉末状催化剂及根据需要的补充的新鲜复合粉末状催化剂被 固液输送装置输送进入一级、 二级及任选的更高级氢化反应器, 氢气通过氢气循环机 以鼓泡的形式从各反应器底部进入反应器, 在上述氢化反应条件下进行氢化反应, 生 成含 4一氨基二苯胺的粗氢化液, 将被粗氢化液夹带的复合粉末状催化剂经沉降器和 磁分离器分离, 与氢化液分离的含很高浓度的复合粉末状催化剂固液相, 通过一固液 混合输送装置以重新进入一级反应器循环使用,同时得到含 4一氨基二苯胺的氢化液。
在氢化过程中, 本发明的复合粉末状催化剂是一固态物质。 氨化催化剂在工业 上一般采用泵进行循环, 但是用泵循环含高浓度粉末状金属的催化剂往往容易损坏泵 腔, 输送效果也不是很理想。 我们设计了一种类似文丘里式的固液输送装置, 并且巧 妙地借用进分离 I液时泵的动力进行的无泵循环, 实现了复合粉末状催化剂在氢化体 系中的循环, 大大增加了催化剂在氢化反应混合物中的浓度, 大大减少了催化剂的损 耗。
按照一种优选的实施方案, 在连续氢化过程中, 粗氢化液中的复合粉末状催化剂 通过沉降和磁分离器回收, 通过文丘里式固液输送装置进行循环, 循环氢气采用鼓泡 的形式进入反应器。 整个氢化反应过程釆取连续进料、 多级反应器串联的全混流方式 进行。 氢化溶剂可以是循环使用的。
经沉降和磁分离器回收了部分复合粉末状催化剂的氢化液进入分离 II工序,在 此通过过滤回收氢化液中剩余的极少量复合粉末状催化剂, 并直接循环回氢化工序或 者在至少部分再生后循环回氢化工序。
本发明的氢化反应中, 在任选连续进行少量氢化催化剂更新的同时, 可以始终 保持反应系统内催化剂的高浓度。这样的催化剂循环使用的方法使体系内催化剂的总 活性始终稳定地保持在较高的范围内, 避免了釆用固定床催化剂的方法中催化剂活性 逐渐减低的问题。 磁分离器的使用方便了催化剂的回收, 固液混合输送装置的设计应 用则使复合粉末状催化剂在氢化工序中形成了循环流动。
在本发明中,催化剂的失活一般都是由于无机物或有机物积碳堵塞催化剂孔穴, 导致催化剂活性位被覆盖, 引起催化剂活性的降低。 因此, 本发明采用较高浓度的碱 溶液, 例如 5- 50%重量的碱金属氢氧化物水溶液洗涤结合超声波震荡来再生催化剂。 超声波震荡有助于除去无机物沉积物或有机物积碳, 而髙浓度的碱溶液可以溶解催化 剂的在第一次碱溶时没有溶解的铝, 形成新的疏松状孔结构, 从而增加催化剂活性。
本发明人通过沉降和磁回收器来回收含磁性的氢化催化剂, 并设计了一种文丘 里式的固液混合输送装置, 借用加料的动力将催化剂送回氢化反应器, 实现了复合粉 末状催化剂循环, 我们还将催化剂过滤后拿出进行再生恢复原来的活性, 双管齐下, 大大降低了催化剂的消耗, 增加了催化剂的活性寿命。
在分离 II工序中,如果氢化反应使用的氢化溶剂是水,则在将过滤分离残余的复 合粉末状催化剂后的氢化液分层后, 有机相连续进料至苯胺塔, 塔顶得到苯胺, 其循 环回缩合工序,塔釜液为含有 4-氨基二苯胺的粗品; 如果氢化反应使用的氢化溶剂是 醇 /水混合物, 则在将过滤分离残余的复合粉末状催化剂后的氢化液分层后, 水层和 有机层分别精馏得到醇溶剂和苯胺并回收套用; 如果氢化反应使用的氢化溶剂是醇 类, 则将过滤分离残余的复合粉末状催化剂后的氢化液进料至精熘塔, 塔顶分离出氢 化溶剂, 其循环回氢化工序, 塔釜料液进入苯胺塔, 在此从塔顶得到苯胺, 其循环回 縮合工序, 塔釜液为含有 4-氨基二苯胺的粗品。 苯胺塔的操作压力可以为 0. 005— 0. IMPa (绝对压力), 塔釜温度为 120—320°C , 气相温度为 60—190Ό。
在分离 II工序中分离了大部分苯胺的有机相中,含有 4一氨基二苯胺、苯胺、偶 氮苯和吩嗪等。 在本发明的一种实施方案中, 精制工序釆用三塔连续精馏及间歇精馏 进行, 其中所述待精制的有机相通过泵输送入 1号精馏塔内, 从塔顶取出苯胺、 吩嗪 与偶氮苯, 塔釜出料为粗品 4一氨基二苯胺; 1号精馏塔的塔顶出料进入 3号精馏塔, 3号精馏塔塔顶蒸出苯胺, 其含量为约 99%, 可直接循环回缩合工序, 塔釜剩下吩嗪 和偶氮苯; 1号精馏塔塔釜液通过泵输送到 2号塔, 2号精镏塔塔顶蒸馏出成品 4一氨 基二苯胺, 塔釜料液积累到一定量, 进入间歇蒸馏釜蒸馏, 蒸馏出料液中余下的少量 4一氨基二苯胺, 并将其返回 2号精馏塔, 其它料渣由釜底放出。
在上述的本发明的精制工艺中, 1号精馏塔的真空度为 0. 09— 0. 098MPa, 回 流比为 2: 1-10: 1, 塔顶温度为 80— 130°C, 塔釜温度为 260— 290°C ; 2号精馏塔 的真空度为 0. 09—0. 09服 Pa, 回流比为 1 : 0. 5- 1: 4, 塔顶温度为 140— 190°C, 塔 釜温度为 260— 300°C ; 3号精馏塔的真空度为 0. 09-0. 098MPa, 回流比为 1 : 0. 5-1·: 2, ±答顶温度为 80— 120°C, 塔釜温度为 120— 170°C ; 间歇精馏的塔釜真空度为 0. 09 - 0. 098MPa, 塔顶温度为 235_250°C, 塔釜温度为 280—330 Ό。 2号精馏塔的塔釜温 度相对较低,这样可以降低 4一氨基二苯胺的结焦程度, 并且占总量达 96%或更高的 4 一氨基二苯胺可在相对较低塔釜温度的 2号精馏塔的塔顶分离出去, 因而进行间歇蒸 馏的料液中 4一氨基二苯胺的量大大减少。
本发明的制备 4一氨基二苯胺的方法, 以硝基苯和苯胺为原料, 依次经缩合、 分 离复合型碱催化剂、 氢化、 分离氢化溶剂和粉末状催化剂以及苯胺、 精制等工序, 整 个制备过程可连续进行, 适于工业规模生产; 在缩合工序中采用了复合型碱催化剂, 极大地降低了反应的操控难度, 使反应体系中的水分不再成为反应制约的因素; 复合 型碱催化剂分解大大低于单一的氢氧化四烷基铵催化剂; 降膜反应器和反应原料的配 比的选择使反应的选择性提高; 无须溶剂; 通过选用复合型碱催化剂催化缩合反应并 在氢化反应前将其分离和回收套用, 避免了加氢工序中复合型碱催化剂的热敏性分解 问题, 大大增加了氢化催化剂的选择范围, 从而可以选择更为廉价的氢化催化剂, 降 低了成本,增大了氢化反应温度范围,可以选择用装填颗粒状催化剂的固定床反应器, 降低了氢化反应的工业化技术难度; 同样也省略了氢化后萃取步骤(用萃取剂和助萃 取剂将复合型碱催化剂和有机液分离); 如果氢化催化剂采用复合粉末状催化剂, 则 催化剂抗毒性好, 反应的副产物少, 转化率和选择性高, 氢化时可采用磁回收器来回 收含磁性的复合粉末状催化剂; 通过一种文丘里式的固液混合输送装置, 并借用加料 的动力将氢化催化剂送回氢化反应器; 用化学和 /或物理的方法进行催化剂的再生, P争低了催化剂的消耗; 整个制备过程中, 反应条件温和, 副产物少, 转化率和选择性 髙, 劳动强度低, 没有产生腐蚀性液体, 减轻了对环境的污染, 4一氨基二苯胺的含 量高于 99 (重量%), 该工艺过程的工业规模生产收率大于 95%。 具体实施方式
下面给出的实施例是为了进一步说明实施本发明的方式, 而不在任何方面对本 发明构成限制。
实施例 1
复合型碱催化剂的制备: 在配有冷凝器和搅拌器的 1000毫升三颈烧瓶中,以任意顺序加入 227. 5克 20% (重 量)的氢氧化四甲基铵水溶液(0. 50摩尔)、 10克氢氧化钠(0. 25摩尔)、 346克 30% 四甲基铵碳酸盐水溶液 (0. 5摩尔), 在 72— 77Ό下搅拌均匀, 即制得复合型碱催化 剂, 浓度 27. 3 % (重量)。
实施例 2
复合粉末状催化剂的制备:
取镍粉 46克, 铝粉 51克, 铁粉 3克, 混合均勾后在电感炉内熔融成合金状, 将 熔化的合金靠气体的压力通过喷嘴喷到高速旋转的铜轱上, 迅速淬冷(冷却的速度可 以达到 105-10¾/S)。冷却后的合金用球磨机碾压成粉末状,过筛得到 40— 300目的粉 末 99. 7克。 在容量为 500毫升的装有温度计和搅拌器的三口烧瓶内, 装入 375克浓 度为 20 % (重量) 的 NaOH水溶液, 缓缓加入上述制得的粉末, 在 60Ό搅拌处理 4小 时, 然后用去离子水洗涤固体至中性, 即得到复合粉末状催化剂。
实施例 3
A. 缩合
在真空下同时打开所述复合型碱催化剂、 苯胺和硝基苯输送泵, 调节流量至苯胺
150千克 /小时、 硝基苯 30千克 /小时、 复合型碱催化剂 200千克 /小时, 将上述组分 硝基苯、 苯胺以及复合型碱催化剂连续进料至降膜反应器进行加热以进行縮合反应; 降膜反应器中的缩合液从下部排出进入一级反应器, 以继续进行缩合反应; 部分一级 反应器底部的缩合液通过循环泵再返回降膜反应器, 形成局部循环系统。 降膜反应器 的热媒采用 78- 90°C酒精蒸气。控制反应温度为 75°C,压力为 0. OOSMPa (绝对压力), 循环液流量 1米 7小时。 一级反应器的物料溢流至二级反应器。 二级反应器的操作温 度和压力等工艺条件与一级反应器相同。 控制物料在降膜反应器、 一级反应器和二级 反应器中的总停留时间为 5小时。 在缩合反应稳定后, 可使用按下面所述方法回收的 复合型碱催化剂, 仅补加少部分新鲜的按实施例 1制备的复合型碱催化剂, 控制反应 体系中氢氧根与硝基苯的摩尔比不小于 1 : 1。二级反应器排出的物料经分析, 硝基苯 ≤0. 1 % , 水分为 24. 9 %, 4一亚硝基二苯胺和 4一硝基二苯胺含量为 16. 1 % (重量)。
B. 分离 I
如此得到的缩合液连续进入分离 I工序。 在此, 向过滤后的缩合液中通入二氧化 碳气体和水至溶液 pH值为 8左右。 体系分层后, 将氢氧化钙以 25千克 /小时的速度 加入水相中, 过滤, 浓缩得到的复合型碱催化剂至原来的催化剂浓度, 然后将其返回 到縮合工序循环套用, 有机相含有 4一硝基二苯胺和 4一亚硝基二苯胺。
C. 氢化
将分离 I中过滤后所得到的含有 4一硝基二苯胺和 4一亚硝基二苯胺的有机相进 料到一级氢化反应器,该反应器带有密封的磁搅拌器,冷却和加热系统。用氢气置换, 并充压到 1. 3MPa。 开动氢气循环机, 保持循环氢的流量在 1标准立方米 /小时, 并且 循环氢气以鼓泡的形式迸入氢化反应器, 以改善反应时的气液传质效果。 控制含有 4 一硝基二苯胺和 4一亚硝基二苯胺的有机相的流量为 180千克 /小时, 甲醇的流量为 48Kg/小时。 同时向反应器中添加上述制得的复合粉末状催化剂, 使固液比为 6: 100 (重量比)。 氢化还原液从一级反应釜溢流到二级反应釜, 再溢流到三级反应釜, 然 后溢流到沉降槽, 反应温度 75— 80°C, 压力 1. 3MPa, 总停留时间为 5小时。 在磁分 离器的作用下, 可以最大可能地回收所述复合粉末状催化剂。 沉降槽底部的含有较大 浓度固体催化剂的固液混合物经文丘里式的固液输送装置借用加料的动力重新返回 到一级氢化反应器, 可以通过监测还原反应终点情况来判断氢化反应中催化剂的活 性, 从而决定是否需要补加复合粉末状氢化催化剂。 氢化还原液经过高效液相色谱检 测, 不含 4一硝基二苯胺和 4一亚硝基二苯胺。
D. 分离 II
将上述氢化液送入分离 II工序,通过过滤回收氢化液中夹带的极少量复合粉末状 催化剂, 该复合粉末状催化剂再生后套用回氢化工序。 过滤所得滤液以 228千克 /小 时进入甲醇塔, 塔顶分离出甲醇, 套用回氢化工序, 塔釜料液进入苯胺塔, 塔顶得到 苯胺, 套用回缩合工序, 塔釜液为含有 4-氨基二苯胺的粗品。 苯胺塔的操作压力为 0. 005MPa (绝对压力), 塔釜温度为 150-160°C, 气相温度为 115- 125°C。
E. 精制
多套分离 Π装置产出的含有 4一氨基二苯胺的粗品, 进入一套精制装置。 将 4一 氨基二苯胺的粗品 (含有 4一氨基二苯胺 78. 1%, 苯胺 21. 75%, 偶氮苯 0. 05%, 吩嗪 0. 1%), 以 120千克 /小时流量通过齿轮泵连续地送入 1号精馏塔。 控制塔釜温度 270 V , ±答顶温度 110°C, 真空度在 0. 094MPa, 回流比 5: 1。 轻组分苯胺、 偶氮苯、 吩嗪 三种物质从塔顶采出, 流量为约 26. 2千克 /小时, 并送入 3号精馏塔。 3号精馏塔塔 釜温度 150°C, 塔顶温度 90°C, 真空度 0. 094MPa, 回流比 1 : 1, 塔顶以 24千克 /小 时的流量蒸镏出苯胺, 塔釜剩下的是偶氮苯、 吩嗪。 1号精馏塔塔釜液送入 2号精馏 塔。 2号精馏塔塔釜温度 280°C, ±答顶温度控制在 170°C, 真空度为 0. 097MPa, 回流 比 1: 1。 2号精馏塔的塔顶得到是成品 4一氨基二苯胺。 2号精馏塔塔釜液送入间歇 蒸馏釜。 间歇蒸馏釜的釜温为 285— 320°C, 真空度 0. 094MPa, 顶温保持在 235— 250 V, 蒸出余下的 4-氨基二苯胺, 并循环回 2号精馏塔重新蒸馏。 整个 4一氨基二苯胺 精制工艺连续进行。得到的成品 4-氨基二苯胺纯度为 99. 1%,熔点 72°C,凝固点 72. 4 V。 该工艺过程的工业规模生产收率为 95. 1%。 实施例 4
按照与实施例 3所述相同的方法制备 4-氨基二苯胺, 只是缩合工序如下进行。 在真空下同时打开所述复合型碱催化剂、 苯胺和硝基苯输送泵, 调节流量至苯胺 150千克 /小时、 硝基苯 30千克 /小时、 复合型碱催化剂 200千克 /小时, 将上述组分 硝基苯、 苯胺以及复合型碱催化剂按比例连续进料至降膜反应器进行加热以进行縮合 反应; 降膜反应器中的缩合液从下部排出进入一级反应器, 以继续进行缩合反应; 部 分一级反应器底部的缩合液通过循环泵再返回降膜反应器, 形成局部循环系统。 降膜 反应器的热媒采用 78- 90°C酒精蒸气。控制反应温度 75Ό,压力 0. 008MPa (绝对压力), 循环液流量 1米 V小时。 一级反应器的物料溢流至二级反应器。 二级反应器的操作温 度和压力等工艺条件与一级反应器相同。 控制物料在降膜反应器、 一级反应器和二级 反应器中的总停留时间为 5小时。 在缩合反应稳定后, 使用回收的复合型碱催化剂。 按照氢氧化钠: 四垸基铵盐(按照实施例 1是四甲基碳酸铵) 1 : 1 (摩尔) 的比例补 加碱催化剂, 控制反应体系中氢氧根离子的浓度与硝基苯的摩尔比不小于 1 : 1。二级 反应器排出的物料经分析, 硝基苯≤0. 1 %, 水分 15. 6%, 4—亚硝基二苯胺和 4一硝 基二苯胺含量为 17. 6 % (重量)。 实施例 5
催化剂的再生方法
取通过过滤氢化液回收的复合粉末状催化剂 20克,加入装有搅拌装置和温度计 的 100毫升三口烧瓶内,再加入 20毫升的 40%氢氧化钠溶液。将该混合物在搅拌下升 温至 90°C, 维持在该温度下反应 1小时。反应结束后, 将催化剂放入超声波清洗槽清 洗 30分钟, 用水多次洗涤直到洗涤水的 pH值为 7-8, 所得的固体即为再生后的复合 型粉末状催化剂。 实施例 6
复合型碱催化剂的制备
在配有冷凝器和搅拌器的 500毫升三颈烧瓶中, 加入水 230克, 任意顺序加入 五水合氢氧化四甲基铵 91克(含 0.50摩尔氢氧化四甲基铵)、 氢氧化钠 20克 (0.5 摩尔)、 氯化三甲基羟乙基铵 70克 (0.5摩尔), 控制温度 75±2°C, 搅拌均匀, 制得 复合型碱催化剂, 浓度为 32.85 (重量%)。 实施例 7
复合型碱催化剂的制备
在配有冷凝器和搅拌器的 500毫升三颈烧瓶中, 加入水 230克, 不按顺序加入 五水合氢氧化四甲基铵 91克 (含 0.50摩尔氢氧化四甲基铵)、 氢氧化钠 20克 (0.5 摩尔)、 甲基碳酸四甲基铵 [(CH3)4N] + [C03CH3]74.5克 (0.5摩尔), 控制混合温度 75 ±2°C, 搅拌均匀, 制得复合型碱催化剂, 浓度 33.7 (重量%)。 实施例 8
在配有冷凝器、 搅拌器和分水器的 500毫升四口烧瓶中, 加入水 150克, 不按 顺序加入五水合氢氧化四甲基铵' 91克 (含 0.50摩尔氢氧化四甲基铵)、 氢氧化钠 20 克(0.5摩尔)、 甲基碳酸四甲基铵 [(CH3)4N]+[C03CH3;T74.5克 (0.5摩尔), 加入 25克 苯, 升温回流, 在分水器中有水和油层, 油层重新回到四口烧瓶, 水层分出, 直到蒸 出的液体没有水为止, 得到无水复合型碱催化剂。 实施例 9
甲基碳酸四甲基铵 [ (C¾) 4N] + [C03CH3r的制备
在一个带有搅拌装置, 加热装置的 1.5升的高压釜内, 加入碳酸二甲酯 90克 (1.0摩尔), 三甲胺 59克 (1.0摩尔), 甲醇 510克 (15摩尔)。 密闭后幵动搅姅, 升温到 140°C, 压力为 1.5MPa, 维持在该温度下反应时间 4小时。 然后降温到 50°C, 出料至 1升三口烧瓶中, 得到甲基碳酸四甲基铵的甲醇溶液, 减压脱去一部分甲醇, 冷却到室温, 有白色晶体析出, 过滤, 烘干再用甲醇作重结晶, 得到甲基碳酸四甲基 铵 119.5克, 色谱分析纯度为 99.2%, 收率为 80.2%。 实施例 10
将 1一氯一 2, 3—环氧丙烷 92. 5克(1摩尔),和 N-甲基二乙醇胺 3克(1摩尔), 和 2克氢氧化钠, 再加入 700克水, 加入一带有搅拌, 加热, 测温装置的反应釜中, 开动搅拌,逐渐升温到 120°C, 向反应釜通入环氧乙烧气体,保持反应釜压力 0. 3Mpa, 反应压力降低后再通环氧乙烷, 直到通入的环氧乙烷的量达到 150克, 继续在这条件 下反应 2小时, 得到的 C1CH2[CH2CH20] 2-5H, 再通入三甲胺气体 60克, 升温到 140°C, 压力为 1. 5MPa, 维持在该温度下反应时间 4小时。然后降温到室温, 按照常规方法脱 水干燥, 得到 N, N, N-三甲基 -N-乙氧基化(1-4摩尔 E0) 丙基铵盐酸盐 105克。 实施例 11
氢氧化四甲基铵的制备- 在一个带有搅拌装置,加热装置的 1. 5升的高压釜内,加入碳酸二甲酯 90克( 1. 0 摩尔), 三甲胺 59克 (1. 0摩尔), 甲醇 510克 (15摩尔)。 密闭后开动搅拌, 升温到 140°C , 压力为 1. 5MPa, 维持在该温度下反应时间 4小时。 然后降温到室温, 出料至 1升三口烧瓶中, 加入 148克(2. 0摩尔)氢氧化钙和 350克水配制成的浆状物。 搅 拌下用 8小时加热蒸出甲醇, 过滤得到 355克氢氧化四甲基铵溶液。 分析知氢氧化四 甲基铵含量为 24. 4%, 整个反应收率为 95. 2%。 实施例 12
氢氧化四乙基铵的制备
在一个带有搅拌装置,加热装置的 1. 5升的高压釜内,加入硫酸二乙酯 154克(1. 0 摩尔), 三乙胺 101克 (1. 0摩尔), 乙醇 690克 (15摩尔), 密闭后开动搅拌, 升温 到 14CTC维持, 压力为 l. OMPa , 维持在该温度下反应时间 4小时。 然后降温到室温, 出料至 1升三口烧瓶, 加入氢氧化钠 80克 (2. 0摩尔), 在搅拌下加热, 控制反应温 度为 45°C, 反应 4小时。 过滤, 滤液先蒸出部分乙醇, 加入 500克水, 加入水的同时 蒸乙醇 (其中有部分水被带走), 得到 604克氢氧化四乙基铵溶液。 分析知氢氧化四 乙基铵含量为 23. 3% (重量), 整个反应收率为 95. 7%。 实施例 13
苯胺和硝基苯的量对反应的影响 一个小型反应器与膜式反应器和循环泵组成局部循环系统,总体积为 1升,该系 统装有真空系统和控温系统。 先装满苯胺, 循环泵的流量设定为 2升 /小时。 将硝基 苯: 苯胺: 复合型碱催化剂中 0H"的摩尔比为 1 : 1: 1. 8的含有硝基苯、 苯胺和实施 例 1中制备的复合型碱催化剂的混合液以 200毫升 /小时进料至反应器,停留时间为 5 小时, 保持体系温度为 75°C, 压力为 0. 008MPa (绝对压力)。 等反应液置换出苯胺, 反应液组成稳定后, 取样分析,基本捡测不到硝基苯的存在。根据反应生成的 4-亚硝 基二苯胺和 4-硝基二苯胺的总摩尔数计算反应的选择性。
采用同样的条件, 只是改变硝基苯与苯胺的配比, 得到结果见表 1。
Figure imgf000022_0001
从表中数据可以看出,增大苯胺和硝基苯的摩尔比可以提高反应的选择性,增加 目标产物, 减少副产物。 但在实际应用中, 若苯胺的量过犬, 会增加分离时苯胺的消 耗和分离时能源的消耗。 实施例 14
. 水对缩合反应的影响:
一个小型反应器与膜式反应器和循环泵组成局部循环系统,总体积为 1升,该系 统装有真空系统和控温系统。 在反应系统内先装满苯胺, 循环泵的流量为 2升 /小时, 将含有硝基苯, 苯胺, 复合型碱催化剂的混合液以一定的速度进入反应器, 保持硝基 苯: 苯胺: 的摩尔比例为 1 : 7, 硝基苯: 复合型碱催化剂 0H—摩尔比例为 1 : 1. 15, 保持体系温度为 75°C, 压力为 O. OOSMPa (绝对压力), 等反应液置换出苯胺, 反应 ¾ 组成稳定后, 通过调节进料流量调整反应停留时间, 直到检测硝基苯≤ 0. 1%, 根据反 应生成的 4-亚硝基二苯胺和 4-硝基二苯胺计算的收率达到 97 %的时候, 测量反应液 出口处的水分含量, 得到的结果如下: 序 复合型碱催化剂三组分比例 (摩尔比) 产物含水量(%)
号 氢氧化四甲基铵: 1^,1^-二甲基^-二(乙氧基
化(1-4摩尔 E0)丙基)铵碳酸盐: 氢氧化钠
1 5: 2: 2 5. 1
2 3: 2: 2 10. 2
3 2: 2: 2 15. 4
4 1: 2: 1 17. 5
5 0. 5: 2: 0. 5 19. 8
6 用氢氧化四甲基铵作催化剂 1. 2
可以看到, 随着复合型碱催化剂中 Ν, Ν-二甲基 - Ν, Ν-二(乙氧基化(1- 4摩尔 Ε0) 丙基)铵碳酸盐比例的提高, 反应终点时的含水量在提高。 采用本发明的复合型碱催 化剂, 反应结束时反应混合物中允许的水分含量的范围宽了很多, 在体系中含有比较 高的水含量时, 也能取得满意的收率。 因为在反应后期水分越少, 脱水的效率越低, 本发明方法减少了反应的难度。 而若是单单采用氢氧化四甲基铵作为催化剂, 则须将 体系脱水到 1. 2%, 才有 97 %的收率, 这给反应的控制带来了难度, 也增加了能耗。 实施例 15
将实施例 8所制得的无水复合型催化剂,和苯胺 651克装入一带有搅拌装置,温 度计的四口烧瓶中, 开动搅拌, 保持温度为 75Ό, 压力为 0. 008MPa (绝对压力), 蒸 馏出的苯胺和水共沸物分层后苯胺重新回到四口烧瓶中, 直到体系中含水量小于 0. 5%, 滴加硝基苯 123克, 滴加时间为 2小时, 维持 4小时, 维持的时候继续脱水, 用色谱分析 4-亚硝基二苯胺和 4-硝基二苯胺的收率为 97. 4%,检测体系中含水量为小 于 0. 5%。 实施例 16
连续膜式反应与全混反应结果的比较
控制苯胺、 硝基苯和复合型碱催化剂中 0H~的比例为 7. 5 : 1 : 1. 5 (mol/mol ), 反 应温度为 75°C, 反应时间为 5小时, 压力为 0. 005MPa (绝压), 比较连续膜式反应和 全混反应, 结果见表 2和表 3。 表 2: 全混反应的结果
Figure imgf000024_0001
实施例 17
固定床催化氢化
400ml的反应器中装有圆柱型铜催化剂,乱堆而成,直径为 5醒,柱面高度为 5腿。 催化剂含氧化铜 42%, 氧化锌 42% , 三氧化二铝 6%, 其余为物理水。 在氢气流下, 在 110°C— 24CTC活化催化剂床 24小时。 将实施例 3分离 I步骤中得到的含 4一硝基 二苯胺和 4一亚硝基二苯胺的有机相微加热融化后,与相当于其 30%体积的甲醇混合。 该混合物以 100ml/h的流量与氢气混合预热后进入上述氢化反应器, 在 5. OMPa压力, 气液比为 1000: 1, 温度为 135Ό的条件下进行氢化。 氢化还原液经过高效液相色谱 检测, 不含 4一硝基二苯胺和 4一亚硝基二苯胺。 该装置在上述条件下, 连续运行了 500小时。 实施例 18
间歇氢化实施例
在带有搅拌装置、 控温装置的 1升的高压釜中, 加入 500克含 17. 5重量%4 -亚 硝基二苯胺和 3. 0重量%4-硝基二苯胺的分离 I液。 加入 150克乙醇和本发明实施例 2中制备的复合粉末状催化剂 5克。 用氢气置换三次后, 充压到 0. 8MPa。 在撹拌下, 将反应混合物升温到 100°C , 并维持在该温度下反应 4小时。 反应结束后冷却, 泄压 出料。 用髙效液相色谱分析反应液, 发现反应液里不含 4-亚硝基二苯胺和 4-硝基二 苯胺, 4-氨基二苯胺的含量为 14. 6% (色谱含量)。 复合粉末状催化剂和贵金属催化剂的比较
用含钯 5 % (重量) 的 Pd/C催化剂和本发明的复合粉末状催化剂做比较。 试验 在上述间歇氢化实施例所述工艺条件下进行, 所加催化剂的量一致, 反应结束之后两 种催化剂均回收套用。 在两种催化剂回收套用 21次之内, 两者反应液中均检测不到 4-亚硝基二苯胺, 第 21次套用时, 用 Pd/C催化剂所得反应液里含有 0. 1 %的 4-硝基 二苯胺,而用本发明的复合粉末状催化剂所得的反应液内检测不到 4-硝基二苯胺。表 明本发明的催化剂的抗毒性优于贵金属催化剂。

Claims

权利要求
1. 一种制备 4一氨基二苯胺的方法, 该方法以硝基苯和苯胺为原料, 包括缩合、 分 离 I即分离回收和循环使用复合型碱催化剂、 氢化、 分离 II即分离回收和循环使用苯 胺和任选分离回收和循环使用氢化溶剂以及如果需要, 分离回收和循环使用任选至少 部分再生的氢化催化剂、 精制五个工序, 其中使用复合型碱催化剂作为缩合催化剂。
2.根据权利要求 1所述的制备 4一氨基二苯胺的方法,其特征在于氢化反应选用的氢 化催化剂选自元素周期表上第,族元素或铜, 铬, 锌, 锰作为活性成分和 /或助催化 成分的常规加氢催化剂或复合粉末状催化剂。
3.根据权利要求 1或 2所述的制备 4一氨基二苯胺的方法,其特征在于氢化反应选用 的氢化催化剂为复合粉末状催化剂。
4.根据权利要求 2或 3的制备 4一氨基二苯胺的方法,其特征在于复合粉末状催化剂 包含镍、 铝和元素 A, 所述 A选自 Fe、 Cu、 Co、 Mn、 Cr、 Mo、 B和 P中的至少一种, 其中镍的含量为 25_99. 9重量%, 铝和元素 A的总含量为 0. 1—75重量%。
5.根据权利要求 1-4中任意一项的制备 4一氨基二苯胺的方法, 其特征在于缩合反应 的条件是: 硝基苯: 苯胺 =1 : 1-1: 15 (摩尔), 反应温度为 20— 150°C, 反应压力 为 0. 005—0. I Pa (绝压), 反应时间为 3. 5—6小时。
6.根据权利要求 1-5任意一项所述的制备 4一氨基二苯胺的方法, 其特征在于在分离 I中, 采用添加酸性物质中和体系进行分离, 再用碱碱化水相的方法回收复合型碱催 化剂, 所述酸性物质选自无机酸、 其氧化物和水的组合及其它的无机酸式盐, 优选盐 酸、 硫酸、 硝酸、 碳酸、 碳酸氢钠、 二氧化碳和水的组合, 三氧化硫和水的组合; 采 用的碱选自碱金属和碱土金属的氢氧化物或氧化物, 需要根据复合型碱催化剂中四烷 基铵盐和碱来选择相应的酸性物质和碱。
7.根据权利要求 1-6中任意一项的制备 4一氨基二苯胺的方法, 其特征在于复合型碱 催化剂中氢氧根离子与硝基苯的摩尔比为 1: 4-4: 1。
8.根据权利要求 1-7中任意一项的制备 4一氨基二苯胺的方法, 其特征在于缩合反应 所釆用的复合型碱催化剂含有氢氧化四垸基铵、 碱金属氢氧化物, 以及四烷基铵盐三 种组分。
9.根据权利要求 8的制备 4一氨基二苯胺的方法, 其特征在于复合型碱催化剂中氢氧 化四烷基铵:碱金属氢氧化物: 四垸基铵盐 = (0— 9): (0. 5-3): (0. 5-3) (摩尔), 氢氧化四烷基铵、 碱金属氢氧化物、 四烷基铵盐三者浓度总和为 10—100重量%。
10. 根据权利要求 1-9中任一项的制备 4一氨基二苯胺的方法, 其特征在于所采用的 复合型碱催化剂通过如下方法制备: 控制温度在 0— 90°C, 将氢氧化四烷基铵、 碱金 属氢氧化物或氧化物、 四烷基铵盐按要求的摩尔比例在水中搅拌均匀, 即得含水的复 合型碱催化剂, 其中所述原料氢氧化四垸基铵、 碱金属氢氧化物或氧化物、 四烷基铵 盐均为固体形式或水溶液形式。
11. 根据权利要求 1-9中任一项的制备 4一氨基二苯胺的方法, 其特征在于所采用的 复合型碱催化剂通过如下方法制备: 控制温度在 0— 90°C, 将氢氧化四烷基铵、 碱金 属氢氧化物或氧化物、 四烷基铵盐按要求的摩尔比例在水中搅拌均匀, 然后加苯共沸 完全脱去水分, 得到 水复合型碱催化剂, 其中所述原料氢氧化四烷基铵、 碱金属氢 氧化物或氧化物、 四垸基铵盐均为固体形式或水溶液形式。
12. 根据权利要求 1一 11中任一项所述的制备 4一氨基二苯胺的方法, 其特征在于所 述的四垸基铵盐具有如下通式:
[ (Rl) (R2) (R3) (R4) N]+ nr
其中 Rl、 R2、 R3、 R4相同或不相同, 为具有 1-4个碳原子的烷基, 并且所述烷基可 以具有亲水取代基团, Xn—选自卤根、硫酸根、碳酸根、磷酸根、碳酸氢根、硫酸氢根、 烷基(CI- C2) 碳酸根、 烷基 (C1-C2)硫酸根等, η= 1— 2。
13.根据权利要求 12的制备 4一氨基二苯胺的方法,其特征在于所述的四烷基铵盐通 式中的 Rl、 R2、 R3、 R4中至少一个具有亲水取代基团, 该亲水取代基团选自羟基、 甲氧基、 聚醚、 阳离子聚酰胺、 聚酯、 多乙烯多铵、 强水溶性含季铵盐的基团。
14.根据权利要求 13的制备 4一氨基二苯胺的方法, 其特征在于所述的四烷基铵盐为 选自多甲基化三亚乙基四胺硫酸盐, 多甲基化二亚乙基三胺碳酸盐, !^!^-二甲基- N-二甲氧乙基铵碳酸盐, N-甲基- N, N, N-三甲氧乙基铵碳酸盐, N, N, N-三甲基 - N-羟 乙基铵碳酸盐, 氯化三甲基羟乙基铵, N, N, N-三甲基 -N-乙氧基化(1- 4摩尔 E0) 乙 基铵碳酸盐, N,N, N-三甲基 -N-乙氧基化 (1-4摩尔 E0) 丙基铵碳酸盐、 N, N, N -三 甲基- N-乙氧基化(1 - 4摩尔 E0)丙基铵氯化物、 1^二甲基-1^,1^-二(乙氧基化(1-4 摩尔 E0)丙基)铵碳酸盐的具有亲水取代基的四烷基铵盐。
15.根据权利要求 12的制备 4一氨基二苯胺的方法,其特征在于所述的四烷基铵盐选 自四甲基铵碳酸盐、 甲基碳酸四甲基铵、 四乙基铵碳酸盐、 乙基碳酸四乙基铵、 四甲 基铵硫酸盐、 甲基硫酸四甲基铵、 四乙基铵硫酸盐和乙基硫酸四乙基铵。
16. 根据权利要求 12-15中任一项的制备 4一氨基二苯胺的方法, 其特征在于所述的 四烷基铵盐, 是由三烷基胺与碳酸二垸基 (C1-C2)酯或硫酸二烷基 (C1-C2)酯在极性溶 剂中反应制得的。
17.根据权利要求 16所述的制备 4一氨基二苯胺的方法, 其特征在于制备所述的四烷 基铵盐的反应中, 反应压力为 0. 1— 3 (MPa); 反应温度为 50— 200 ( °C ); 反应时间 为 1. 5-6小时; 三烧基胺与碳酸二烷基 (CI- C2)酯或硫酸二烷基 (C1-C2)酯的比为 2: 1 -1: 2 (摩尔); 所选的极性溶剂为甲醇、 乙醇或异丙醇; 极性溶剂的用量为三垸基 胺的重量的 1一 10倍。
18.根据权利要求 1-17中任意一项的制备 4一氨基二苯胺的方法,其特征在于缩合反 应在充氧条件下进行。
19.根据权利要求 1-18中任意一项的制备 4一氨基二苯胺的方法, 其特征在于缩合反 应中, 无须另加或控制质子材料。
20.根据权利要求 1-19中任意一项的制备 4一氨基二苯胺的方法, 其特征在于缩合反 应中无溶剂。
21.根据权利要求 1-20中任意一项的制备 4一氨基二苯胺的方法, 其特征在于缩合反 应中只需在反应的初期添加部分复合型碱催化剂, 反应过程中仅补充复合型碱催化剂 中的四烷基铵盐组分和 /或碱金属氢氧化物或碱金属氧化物组分。
22.根据权利要求 1-21中任意一项的制备 4一氨基二苯胺的方法, 其特征在于缩合工 序是在由缩合循环泵、 降膜反应器和一级反应器形成的循环系统及任选的后续反应器 中进行。
23.根据权利要求 1 -22的制备 4一氨基二苯胺的方法,其特征在于所述縮合工序采用 了降膜反应器, 降膜反应器的热媒采用酒精蒸气、 热水、 蒸汽或甲醇蒸气。
24.根据权利要求 1-23中任意一项的制备 4一氨基二苯胺的方法, 其特征在于氢化反 应的条件为: 采用氢气为还原剂, 气液比为 10: 1 -1500: 1 (体积), 釆用非固定床 氢化工艺时固液比为 0. 5: 100-16: 100 (重量), 溶剂: 分离 I料液即分离了复合型 碱催化剂的缩合液 = 1 : 10-5: 10 (重量), 气体指氢气, 液体包括溶剂和分离 I液, 固体指氢化催化剂,氢化反应的温度为 50— 150°C,反应器的压力为 0. 2— 6. OMPa (绝 压), 反应时间为 2— 7小时。
25.根据权利要求 2-24中任意一项的制备 4一氨基二苯胺的方法, 其特征在于氢化反 应所采用的复合粉末状催化剂通过如下方法制备: 将镍粉, 铝粉和元素 A按所需比例 混合后, 在高温下熔融, 淬冷出料后碾碎成粉末, 然后用氢氧化物水溶液处理。
26.根据权利要求 3-25的制备 4一氨基二苯胺的方法, 其特征在于氢化反应后利用磁 分离器来回收磁性的复合粉末状催化剂。
27.根据权利要求 3- 26中任意一项的制备 4一氨基二苯胺的方法, 其特征在于通过文 丘里式固液混合输送装置, 借助加料的动力将磁分离器回收的复合粉末状催化剂送回 氢化反应器。
28.根据权利要求 3-27中任意一项的制备 4一氨基二苯胺的方法, 其特征在于失活的 复合粉末状催化剂通过超声波震动和 /或用强碱处理进行再生。
29.根据权利要求 1-28中任意一项的制备 4一氨基二苯胺的方法, 其特征在于氢化反 应使用的溶剂为醇类或 /和水。
30.根据权利要求 1-29中任意一项的制备 4-氨基二苯胺的方法,其特征在于精制采用 三塔连续精馏加间歇精馏工艺, 其中 1、 2、 3号精馏塔的真空度各自独立地为 0. 09 -0. 098MPa, 塔釜温度分别为 260— 290°C、 260— 300°C和 120—170°C, 回流比分别 为 2: 1-10: 1, 1: 0. 5- 1: 4和 1 : 0. 5— 1 : 2,间歇精馏的真空度为 0. 09— 0. 098MPa, 塔釜温度为 280— 330°C。
31. 制备 4一氨基二苯胺的方法, .包括:
( i ) 将硝基苯、苯胺和复合型碱催化剂按比例, 通过计量泵连续进料至缩 合工序,反应生成含 4一硝基二苯胺和 4一亚硝基二苯胺和 /或它们的 盐的縮合液(7);
( ii ) 将缩合液 (7)连续进料至分离 I工序, 采用添加酸性物质中和缩合 液 (7) 进行分离, 再用碱碱化水相的方法回收复合型碱催化剂, 将 回收的复合型碱催化剂 (1 )循环回縮合工序;
(iii ) 将分离 I料液即分离了复合型催化剂的缩合液(8)、 氢化溶剂(包括 补充的氢化溶剂 (3)和任选回收的氢化溶剂 (5 ) ) 按一定比例连续 进料至氢化工序, 在复合粉末状催化剂(包括补充的复合粉末状催化 剂 (2)和循环使用的任选至少部分再生的复合粉末状催化剂 (4) ) 的催化作用下和氢气反应, 得到含 4一氨基二苯胺的氢化液(9); ( iv) 将氢化液(9)进料到分离 II工序, 在此分离得到 (a)复合粉末状催 化剂 (4), 其直接循环回氢化工序或者至少部分再生后循环回氢化工 序, (b)苯胺(6),其循环回缩合工序,和任选地(c )氢化溶剂(5), 其循环回氢化工序; 和
(V) 将分离了大部分苯胺的 4一氨基二苯胺粗品 (10)进料至精制工序, 在此分离出 (a)部分苯胺(6), 其循环回缩合工序, 和 (b) 4—氨 基二苯胺成品。
PCT/CN2004/000734 2003-07-04 2004-07-02 Procede de production d'une 4-aminodiphenylamine WO2005003079A1 (fr)

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AT04738332T ATE526305T1 (de) 2003-07-04 2004-07-02 Verfahren zur herstellung von 4-aminodiphenylamin
CA2531074A CA2531074C (en) 2003-07-04 2004-07-02 Process for preparing 4-aminodiphenylamine
ES04738332T ES2373720T3 (es) 2003-07-04 2004-07-02 Método para la producción de 4-aminodifenilamina.
EP04738332A EP1645555B1 (en) 2003-07-04 2004-07-02 A method for producing 4-aminodiphenylamine
JP2006517937A JP4546958B2 (ja) 2003-07-04 2004-07-02 4−アミノジフェニルアミンの製造方法
PL04738332T PL1645555T3 (pl) 2003-07-04 2004-07-02 Sposób wytwarzania 4-aminodifenyloaminy
EA200600052A EA009396B1 (ru) 2003-07-04 2004-07-02 Способ получения 4-аминодифениламина

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CN03148565.0 2003-07-04
CNB031481957A CN1185207C (zh) 2003-07-04 2003-07-04 一种连续氢化制备4-氨基二苯胺的方法
CN03148194.9 2003-07-04
CNB031481914A CN1187316C (zh) 2003-07-04 2003-07-04 制备4-氨基二苯胺的方法
CNB031481965A CN1189445C (zh) 2003-07-04 2003-07-04 精制4-氨基二苯胺的方法
CN03148200.7 2003-07-04
CN03148196.5 2003-07-04
CN03148566.9 2003-07-04
CN 03148565 CN1228310C (zh) 2003-07-04 2003-07-04 一种制备氢氧化四烷基铵的方法
CNB031481949A CN1185206C (zh) 2003-07-04 2003-07-04 一种含4-氨基二苯胺组合物的分离方法及其设备
CN03148191.4 2003-07-04
CN 03148198 CN1253428C (zh) 2003-07-04 2003-07-04 一种合成4-硝基二苯胺和4-亚硝基二苯胺和/或它们的盐的方法
CNB031485669A CN1186124C (zh) 2003-07-04 2003-07-04 一种复合型碱催化剂及其制备方法
CN03148195.7 2003-07-04
CNA031482007A CN1470324A (zh) 2003-07-04 2003-07-04 一种复合粉末状催化剂及其制备方法
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