WO2004077534A1 - 最適位置検出式の検出方法、位置合わせ方法、露光方法、デバイス製造方法及びデバイス - Google Patents
最適位置検出式の検出方法、位置合わせ方法、露光方法、デバイス製造方法及びデバイス Download PDFInfo
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- G03F—PHOTOMECHANICAL PRODUCTION OF TEXTURED OR PATTERNED SURFACES, e.g. FOR PRINTING, FOR PROCESSING OF SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; MATERIALS THEREFOR; ORIGINALS THEREFOR; APPARATUS SPECIALLY ADAPTED THEREFOR
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- G03F—PHOTOMECHANICAL PRODUCTION OF TEXTURED OR PATTERNED SURFACES, e.g. FOR PRINTING, FOR PROCESSING OF SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; MATERIALS THEREFOR; ORIGINALS THEREFOR; APPARATUS SPECIALLY ADAPTED THEREFOR
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- G03F7/70—Microphotolithographic exposure; Apparatus therefor
- G03F7/70483—Information management; Active and passive control; Testing; Wafer monitoring, e.g. pattern monitoring
- G03F7/70491—Information management, e.g. software; Active and passive control, e.g. details of controlling exposure processes or exposure tool monitoring processes
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- G03F7/00—Photomechanical, e.g. photolithographic, production of textured or patterned surfaces, e.g. printing surfaces; Materials therefor, e.g. comprising photoresists; Apparatus specially adapted therefor
- G03F7/70—Microphotolithographic exposure; Apparatus therefor
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- G03F7/00—Photomechanical, e.g. photolithographic, production of textured or patterned surfaces, e.g. printing surfaces; Materials therefor, e.g. comprising photoresists; Apparatus specially adapted therefor
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Definitions
- the present invention is applied to one lithography process in manufacturing electronic devices (hereinafter, simply referred to as electronic devices) such as semiconductor devices, liquid crystal display devices, imaging devices such as CCDs, plasma display devices, and thin film magnetic heads.
- electronic devices such as semiconductor devices, liquid crystal display devices, imaging devices such as CCDs, plasma display devices, and thin film magnetic heads.
- the present invention relates to a suitable method for detecting a position of a photosensitive substrate by using an optimum position detecting method and a method for positioning the photosensitive substrate. Further, the present invention relates to an exposure method for performing exposure by performing alignment by the alignment method, a device manufacturing method using the exposure method, and the device. Background art
- a substrate such as a semiconductor wafer or a glass plate
- a reticle a reticle
- a circuit pattern (reticle pattern) of 10 layers or more is transferred onto a wafer in a superimposed manner. Therefore, if the overlay accuracy between the layers is poor, the characteristics of the formed circuit will be degraded, and in the worst case, the semi-element will be defective and the overall yield will be reduced. It will be done.
- wafer alignment is performed in which alignment is performed using marks arranged in advance in each shot area on the wafer. That is, an alignment mark is previously arranged in each of a plurality of shot areas on the wafer.
- the position (coordinate value) of the alignment mark of the shot area to be exposed in the stage coordinate system is detected.
- the shot area is aligned with the reticle pattern.
- DZD die-to-die
- the other is a global alignment method that aligns shot areas by detecting alignment marks in only a few shot areas on the wafer and determining the regularity of the shot area arrangement.
- the global alignment method is mainly used in electronic device production lines in view of the throughput.
- the Enhanced Global Alignment (EGA) system which detects the regularity of the arrangement of shot areas on a wafer by a statistical method with high accuracy, has been widely used (for example, see Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. No. 4 442 9 and Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No. Sho 62-845 4 16).
- the position coordinates of only a plurality of shot areas previously selected as a specific shot area are measured on one wafer.
- the number of the specific shot areas is required to be three or more, and is usually about 7 to 15 pieces.
- the position coordinates (array of shot regions) of all the shot regions on the wafer are calculated using a statistical calculation process such as the least squares method. Then, the wafer stage is stepped according to the calculated arrangement of the shot areas. Therefore, the EGA method has the advantage that the measurement time is short and the averaging effect can be expected for random measurement errors.
- EGA EGA wafer alignment
- the EGA method is a linear first-order approximation of the deviation between the design position and the position actually specified on the wafer, and corrects the linear component of the deviation such as wafer expansion and contraction and rotation. be able to.
- misalignment of the wafer during the exposure process ie, a registration error
- the same electronic device is often subjected to overlay exposure using a plurality of exposure apparatuses (units).
- an error stage grid error
- the stage coordinate systems between the exposure apparatuses which may cause a non-linear overlay error.
- the wafer suction mechanism and the suction force are different between the respective exposure apparatuses. It may give distortion to the wafer. Such wafer distortions also typically result in non-linear shifts, ie, overlay errors.
- the wafer may be distorted due to polishing or thermal expansion in the process. Not a few. Therefore, when performing exposure processing on a layer that has undergone such a process step, the distortion of the wafer is affected as a non-linear displacement, that is, an overlay error.
- an overlay error due to the preceding process is an error that occurs even when overlay exposure is performed in the same exposure apparatus having no stage grid error.
- the alignment error of the shot area on the wafer (shot alignment error), which is the cause of the overlay error, is a linear component, it can be removed by EGA.
- the shot alignment error is due to non-linear wafer deformation such as stage grid error, distortion due to equipment characteristics, or distortion due to process processing, it should be removed by EGA. It is difficult.
- EGA treats the array error of the shot area on the wafer as a linear error, for example, as shown in equation (1).
- nonlinear components are extracted by performing EGA measurement again based on the EGA results. Then, the extracted nonlinear components are averaged for a plurality of wafers, and the average value is stored as a map correction value. In the subsequent exposure sequence, the exposure shot position is corrected using this map correction value.
- a non-linear component (deviation amount for each shot) is measured in advance using a reference wafer for each exposure condition and process separately from the exposure sequence, and this is stored as a map correction file. Keep it. Then, in the exposure sequence, the position correction of each shot area is performed using a map correction file corresponding to the exposure condition. I do.
- An object of the present invention is to provide a positioning method capable of reducing an influence on throughput and performing an optimal nonlinear correction of a shot arrangement for each wafer, and a method of detecting an optimum position detection formula therefor.
- Another object of the present invention is to provide an exposure method capable of performing an exposure while reducing shot arrangement errors of non-linear components and maintaining good overlay accuracy.
- Another object of the present invention is to provide a high-quality electronic device by applying an exposure process with high overlay accuracy and high throughput, that is, a device capable of manufacturing with high production efficiency. It is an object of the present invention to provide a manufacturing method and such high-quality devices.
- a method for detecting an optimum position detection formula uses a predetermined calculation formula having a second or higher order and a plurality of coefficients to calculate a plurality of regions formed on a substrate. Based on the difference information between the calculated position information obtained by calculating the position information and the measured position information obtained by measuring the plurality of regions, the plurality of coefficients of the predetermined calculation expression are determined, and based on the calculation expression And detecting position information of the plurality of regions formed on another substrate.
- difference information between a constant calculation position information obtained by calculating position information of a predetermined number of the regions of the plurality of regions and a predetermined number of measurement position information obtained by measuring the predetermined number of regions. And determining the plurality of coefficients of the predetermined calculation formula.
- the difference between the calculated position information and the measured position information is minimized.
- the plurality of coefficients of the predetermined calculation formula are determined.
- the plurality of coefficients of the predetermined formula is determined so that the sum of squares of the difference between the calculated position information and the measured position information is minimized.
- the positioning method of the present invention calculates position information of each of the plurality of regions on the substrate based on the calculation formula determined by any one of the above-described methods, and calculates the position information of each of the plurality of regions on the substrate. And a predetermined position.
- the exposure method of the present invention is an exposure method for transferring a predetermined pattern to each of a plurality of regions formed on a substrate, wherein the plurality of regions on the substrate are formed by using the above-described alignment method. Each is aligned with the predetermined pattern, and the predetermined pattern is transferred to the aligned region.
- the device manufacturing method of the present invention includes a step of transferring a device pattern onto a device substrate using the above-described exposure method.
- a device of the present invention is a device manufactured by the device manufacturing method described above.
- the exposure method of the present invention is an exposure method of aligning each of a plurality of regions formed on a substrate with a predetermined pattern, and exposing the plurality of regions with the predetermined pattern. Difference information between calculated position information obtained by calculating position information of the plurality of regions using a first calculation formula having a degree equal to or higher than one and a plurality of coefficients, and measurement position information of the plurality of regions measured in advance. Determining the plurality of coefficients of the first calculation formula based on the second calculation formula, storing a second calculation formula in which the plurality of coefficients have been determined, and storing the second calculation formula in a processing period after the registration period. (2) read the calculation formula, calculate the position information of each of the plurality of regions on the substrate using the read second calculation formula, and, based on the calculated position information, And the predetermined pattern Combined, and transferring the predetermined pattern on the aligned region.
- the position information of the plurality of areas is measured during a pre-processing period preceding the registration period, and the measured position information is stored.
- the position information of the plurality of areas is measured during the preceding processing period, and the measured position information measured during the preceding processing period is stored. Also, as a preferred example, after the preceding processing period and before the registration period, the alignment result between the plurality of regions on the substrate and the predetermined pattern in the preceding processing period is measured, and The measured position information based on the alignment result is stored. Also preferably, the registration condition is changed during the registration period, and the coefficient of the second calculation formula is determined for each of the conditions.
- the alignment condition is changed according to the content of a process performed on the substrate.
- the change of the alignment condition includes changing the first calculation formula.
- the change in the condition of the alignment is based on a change in the number of the calculated position information used when determining the second calculation formula in the registration period, and a change in the number of the measured position information. Including.
- position information of a predetermined number of regions among the plurality of regions is calculated using a first calculation formula having a second or higher order and a plurality of coefficients.
- a plurality of coefficients of the first calculation formula are determined based on difference information between the calculated position information and the read measurement position information of the predetermined number of regions, and the plurality of determined second coefficients are determined.
- a method of storing a calculation formula, wherein the change in the alignment condition includes a change in the arrangement of the predetermined number of regions.
- the measurement position information of the plurality of regions is formed by analyzing a signal waveform based on a result of detecting a mark formed on the substrate corresponding to the plurality of regions.
- the change in the matching condition includes a change in the signal waveform analysis method. .
- a plurality of the second calculation expressions whose coefficients are determined for each of the conditions are stored, and in the processing period, a specific one of the plurality of the second calculation expressions is Selecting the second calculation formula; calculating the position information of each of the plurality of regions on the substrate using the selected second calculation formula; and calculating the plurality of the plurality of regions based on the calculated position information.
- Each of the regions is aligned with the predetermined pattern, and the predetermined pattern is transferred to the aligned region.
- the position information of the plurality of regions on the substrate may be provided during the processing period. And calculating difference information between the measured position information of the plurality of regions and the calculated position information obtained by calculating the position information of the plurality of regions using the plurality of stored second calculation formulas.
- a specific second calculation formula is selected from the plurality of second calculation formulas based on the second calculation formula.
- array tendency information of the plurality of regions on the substrate is detected, and based on the detected array tendency information, a specific Select the second formula.
- difference information between calculated position information obtained by calculating position information of the plurality of regions using a plurality of second calculation expressions whose coefficients are determined for each condition, and the measured position information And selectively storing a specific second calculation formula.
- another exposure method of the present invention is an exposure method of aligning each of a plurality of regions formed on a substrate with a predetermined pattern, and exposing the plurality of regions with the predetermined pattern.
- Calculating the position information of the plurality of regions by using a first calculation formula having a second or higher order and a plurality of coefficients, for each of the conditions; Determining the plurality of coefficients of the first calculation formula based on the difference information with the measurement position information of the plurality of regions, registering the plurality of coefficients as a second calculation formula, and during a processing period after the registration period,
- the position information of each of the plurality of regions on the substrate is calculated using the second calculation formula, and based on the calculated position information, each of the plurality of regions is aligned with the predetermined pattern.
- the predetermined area To transfer the data one down.
- the alignment condition is changed according to the content of the processing performed on the substrate.
- the change of the alignment condition includes changing the first calculation formula.
- the change in the condition of the alignment is based on a change in the number of the calculated position information used when determining the second calculation formula in the registration period, and a change in the number of the measured position information. Including.
- the alignment condition is changed, and for each of the conditions, a first calculation formula including a second or higher order and a plurality of coefficients is provided.
- the first calculation based on difference information between calculated position information obtained by calculating position information of a predetermined number of regions among the plurality of regions using Determining the plurality of coefficients of the equation, storing the coefficients as a second equation, and changing the alignment condition includes changing the arrangement of the predetermined number of regions;
- the measurement position information of the plurality of regions is formed by analyzing a signal waveform based on a result of detecting a mark formed on the substrate corresponding to the plurality of regions, and
- the change in the matching condition includes a change in the signal waveform analysis method.
- a plurality of the second calculation formulas are stored in the registration period, and a specific second calculation formula is selected from the stored plurality of the second calculation formulas in the processing period.
- the position information of a plurality of areas on a substrate is measured during the processing period, the measured position information of the plurality of areas, and the storage
- the specific second calculation formula is calculated from the plurality of second calculation formulas based on the difference information from the calculated position information obtained by calculating the position information of the plurality of regions using the plurality of the calculated second calculation formulas. select.
- array orientation information of a plurality of regions on the substrate is detected, and based on the detected array tendency information, a specific one of the plurality of second formulas is used.
- a difference between calculated position information obtained by calculating position information of the plurality of regions using a plurality of second calculation expressions whose coefficients are determined for each condition, and the measured position information Based on the information selectively store a particular second formula.
- FIG. 1 is a diagram showing a configuration of an exposure system according to an embodiment of the present invention
- FIG. 2 is a diagram showing a configuration of an exposure apparatus of the exposure system shown in FIG. 1
- FIG. It is a diagram showing a configuration of an alignment system of the exposure apparatus shown
- FIG. 4 is a diagram showing a specific example of the tendency of nonlinear deformation.
- FIG. 5 is a flowchart for explaining the registration processing of the nonlinear deformation correction condition according to the present invention.
- FIG. 6 is a flowchart for explaining the lot processing according to the present invention
- FIG. 7 is a view showing a sample shot of high-order EGA rough measurement in the mouth processing shown in FIG. ,
- FIG. 8 is a flowchart for explaining a device manufacturing method according to the present invention.
- FIG. 9A is a first diagram illustrating a modification of the exposure system of the present embodiment
- FIG. 9B is a second diagram illustrating a modification of the exposure system of the present embodiment.
- FIG. 1 is a diagram showing an overall configuration of an exposure system 100 according to the present embodiment.
- the exposure system 100 has N exposure apparatuses 200-1 to 200-n, an overlay measurement apparatus 130, and a host computer 140. These devices are connected to each other via LAN 110 so that data can be transferred therebetween. Note that another processing device, measuring device, computer, or the like may be further connected to the LAN 110 so as to be able to transfer data.
- the non- The alignment of each shot area is performed by the alignment method according to the present invention, which can correct the linear displacement.
- the exposure apparatus 200 is connected to the host computer 140 that controls the entire exposure system 100 via the LAN 110, and the lots are sequentially determined for each lot based on instructions from the host computer 140. Process wafers.
- the host computer 140 provides positioning conditions to be referred to when positioning the wafer and the shot area.
- the exposure apparatus 200 performs the alignment of the wafer and the shot area based on the alignment conditions or by selecting a more optimal condition than the conditions.
- the exposure apparatus 200 obtains the data of the result of the alignment performed by the ordinary exposure apparatus 200 using the exposure apparatus 200 as necessary in order to obtain the alignment conditions in the host computer 140. (Log data) to the host computer 140.
- the exposure apparatus 200 is a step-and-scan type projection exposure apparatus (hereinafter, referred to as a scanning type exposure apparatus), but a step-and-repeat type projection exposure apparatus (stepper). ).
- the overlay measuring device 130 measures the overlay error of the wafer on which the pattern is sequentially formed by the exposure device 200.
- the overlay measurement device 130 detects a registration measurement mark image (for example, a resist image) formed on the input wafer, and detects a relative position between the marks formed when exposing different layers. The difference is obtained and detected as an overlay error.
- overlay measurement is required, such as when analyzing the results of the lot processing, the wafer with the pattern formed through exposure processing is loaded into the overlay measurement device 130. The superposition state is detected.
- the overlay measurement apparatus 130 performs overlay measurement on a wafer that has passed through a specific process to be input, and 0 to the host computer 140 0.
- the data of the overlay measurement result is used to determine the alignment conditions to be provided to the exposure device 200 in the host computer 1.40, similarly to the data of the EGA measurement result detected by the exposure device 200. Used for
- the host computer 140 is a computer having a large-capacity storage device and an arithmetic processing unit, and controls the entire lithography process in the exposure system 100.
- the host computer 140 stores, in a mass storage device, various information for controlling a process for each lot or each wafer processed by the exposure system 100, and various parameters for the process. Alternatively, various information such as exposure history data is stored. Based on the information, the exposure apparatuses 200_1 to 20 ⁇ -n are controlled and managed so that appropriate processing is performed on each lot.
- the host computer 140 obtains the alignment condition used for the alignment 'process in each exposure apparatus 200_i, and registers this in each exposure apparatus 200-i. Based on the EGA log data measured by the exposure apparatus 200 or the overlay result data measured by the overlay measurement apparatus 130, the host computer 140 also registers each shot area or the like registered in advance. Alignment conditions are determined based on information such as the position information in the design. One or more alignment conditions are obtained for each exposure apparatus-i and for each process performed on the lot to be exposed. When a plurality of alignment conditions are obtained, one more optimum alignment condition is selected and used in each of the exposure apparatuses 2 ⁇ 0-i. The method of detecting the alignment condition according to the present invention will be described later in detail. Next, the configuration of the exposure apparatus 200 will be described with reference to FIG.
- FIG. 2 is a diagram showing a schematic configuration of an exposure apparatus 200 that is a scanning type exposure apparatus.
- the exposure apparatus 200 includes an illumination system 210, a reticle stage RST for holding a reticle R as a mask, a projection optical system PL, a wafer stage WST on which a wafer W as a substrate is mounted, an alignment system AS and the like. ⁇ Equipped with a main control system 220 etc. that controls the entire system.
- the illumination system 21 ⁇ includes a light source, a fly-eye lens as an optical integrator, or an aperture integrator (not shown).
- the illumination uniforming optical system 210 illuminates a slit-shaped illumination area defined by a reticle blind on a reticle R on which a circuit pattern or the like is drawn with illumination light IL with substantially uniform illuminance.
- illumination light IL far ultraviolet light such as Kr F excimer laser beam (wavelength 248 nm), A r F excimer laser beam (wavelength 193 nm), vacuum ultraviolet light such as F 2 laser beam (wavelength 1 57 nm)
- far ultraviolet light such as Kr F excimer laser beam (wavelength 248 nm)
- a r F excimer laser beam (wavelength 193 nm)
- vacuum ultraviolet light such as F 2 laser beam (wavelength 1 57 nm)
- use ultraviolet emission lines g-line, i-line, etc. from an ultra-high pressure mercury lamp.
- a reticle On the reticle stage RST, a reticle is fixed, for example, by vacuum suction.
- the reticle stage RST is moved by an optical axis of an illumination system 210 (an optical axis of a projection optical system PL to be described later) for positioning the reticle R by a reticle stage driving unit (not shown) composed of, for example, a magnetic levitation type two-dimensional linear actuator.
- a magnetic levitation type two-dimensional linear actuator can be driven microscopically in the XY plane perpendicular to (AX), and can be driven at a specified scanning speed (here, the Y-axis direction) at the specified scanning speed.
- the magnetic levitation type two-dimensional linear actuator includes a Z drive coil in addition to an X drive coil and a Y drive coil. It is configured to be able to finely drive the RST stage in the Z-axis direction.
- the position of the reticle stage RST within the stage movement plane is constantly detected by a reticle laser interferometer (hereinafter referred to as a reticle interferometer) 216 via a movable mirror 215 with a resolution of, for example, about 0.5 to 1 nm. Is done.
- Position information of reticle stage RST from reticle interferometer 216 is supplied to stage control system 219 and main control system 220 via this.
- stage control system 219 drives and controls reticle stage RST via a reticle stage drive unit (not shown) based on position information of reticle stage RST.
- the illumination system 222 is an epi-illumination system for illuminating the mark to be detected with illumination light having the same wavelength as the illumination light IL, and an imaging system for capturing an image of the mark to be detected.
- an alignment microscope includes an imaging optical system and an image sensor, and the imaging result of the alignment microscope is supplied to the main control system 220.
- a deflection mirror (not shown) for guiding the detection light from the reticle R to the reticle alignment system 222 is provided at the movable position, and when the exposure sequence is started, the main control system 222 is started. In response to a command from 0, the deflecting mirror is retracted out of the optical path of the illumination light IL integrally with the reticle alignment system 222 by a driving device (not shown).
- the projection optical system PL is disposed below the reticle stage R ST in FIG. 2, and the direction of the optical axis AX is the Z-axis direction.
- the projection optical system PL for example, a bilateral telecentric reduction system is used.
- the projection magnification of the projection optical system PL is, for example, 1/4, 1/5 or 1/6. Therefore, when the illumination area IL of the reticle R is illuminated by the illumination light IL from the illumination system 210, the illumination light IL passing through the reticle R causes the reticle in the illumination area to pass through the projection optical system PL.
- a reduced image (partial inverted image) of the circuit pattern of R is formed on the wafer W coated with a resist (photosensitive agent) on the surface.
- a refraction system including only a plurality of, for example, about 10 to 20 refraction optical elements (lens elements) 21 is used.
- the plurality of lens elements 2 1 3 constituting the projection optical system PL is used.
- the plurality of lens elements on the (reticle R side) are shifted in the Z-axis direction (the optical axis direction of the projection optical system PL) by a driving element (not shown), such as a piezo element, and tilted with respect to the XY plane. (Ie, a rotation direction around the X axis and a rotation direction around the Y axis).
- the imaging characteristic correction controller 2 4 based on an instruction from the main control system 2 2 0, by independently adjusting the voltage applied to the actuating element, the movable lens is driven separately, the projection optical Various imaging characteristics (magnification, distortion, astigmatism, coma, field curvature, etc.) of the system PL are adjusted.
- the imaging characteristic correction controller 248 can control the light source to shift the center wavelength of the illumination light IL, and move the movable lens. The imaging characteristics can be adjusted by shifting the center wavelength as in the case of the movement.
- the wafer stage WST is arranged on a base (not shown) below the projection optical system PL in FIG. 2, and a wafer holder 225 is mounted on the wafer stage WST.
- the wafer W is fixed on the wafer holder 225 by, for example, vacuum suction.
- the wafer holder 2 25 can be tilted in any direction with respect to a plane orthogonal to the optical axis of the projection optical system PL by a drive unit (not shown), and can be tilted in the optical axis AX direction (Z-axis direction) of the projection optical system PL. It is configured to be finely movable.
- the wafer holder 225 can also perform a minute rotation operation around the optical axis AX.
- the wafer stage WST is not only moved in the scanning direction (Y-axis direction) but also orthogonal to the scanning direction so that a plurality of shot areas on the wafer W can be positioned in an exposure area conjugate to the illumination area. It is also configured to be movable in the non-scanning direction (X-axis direction) to scan (scan) and expose each shot area on the wafer W, and to the acceleration start position for the exposure of the next shot area. Step to repeat the moving operation Perform 'and' scan operation.
- the wafer stage WST is driven in a two-dimensional XY direction by a wafer stage driving unit 224 including, for example, a linear motor.
- the position of the wafer stage WST in the XY plane is determined by a movable mirror provided on the upper surface thereof. , Is constantly detected by the wafer laser interferometer system 218 with a resolution of, for example, about 0.5 to 1.
- the wafer laser interferometer 218 also irradiates the interferometer beam vertically to the Y moving mirror, and the X interferometer irradiates the interferometer beam vertically to the X moving mirror.
- the stationary coordinate system for defining the moving position of the wafer stage WST is defined by the length measuring axes of the Y interferometer and the X interferometer of the wafer laser interferometer system 218.
- this stationary coordinate system is also referred to as “stage coordinate system”.
- the end surface of the wafer stage WST may be mirror-finished to form the interferometer beam reflection surface described above. good.
- Position information (or speed information) of the wafer stage ws T on the stage coordinate system is supplied to the stage control system 219 and the main control system 220 via this.
- the stage control system 219 receives the wafer stage WS through the wafer stage drive unit 224 based on the position information (or speed information) of the wafer stage WS according to the instruction of the main control system 220. ⁇ control.
- a reference mark plate FM is fixed near the wafer W on the wafer stage WST.
- the surface of this reference mark plate FM is set at the same height as the surface of the wafer W.
- This surface has a reference mark for so-called baseline measurement of alignment system, a reference mark for reticle alignment, and a reference mark for reticle alignment described later. Reference mark is formed.
- an alignment system AS of an off-axis system is provided on the side surface of the projection optical system PL.
- the alignment system AS for example, an alignment sensor (Field Image Alignment (FIA) system) as disclosed in Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2-541003 is used.
- the alignment system AS irradiates the wafer with illumination light (for example, white light) having a predetermined wavelength width, and an image of an alignment mark on the wafer and an index on an index plate arranged in a plane conjugate with the wafer.
- the image of the mark is detected by forming an image on the light receiving surface of an image sensor (such as a CCD camera) by an objective lens or the like.
- the alignment system AS outputs the imaging result of the alignment mark (and the reference mark on the reference mark plate FM) to the main control system 220.
- the exposure apparatus 200 further supplies an image forming light beam for forming a plurality of slit images toward the best image forming plane of the projection optical system PL from an oblique direction with respect to the optical axis AX direction.
- An oblique incidence type multi-point focus detection system which includes an irradiation optical system shown in the figure and a light receiving optical system (not shown) that receives each reflected light beam of the imaging light beam on the surface of the wafer W through a slit, respectively, is provided. It is fixed to a support (not shown) that supports the projection optical system PL.
- this multipoint focus detection system one having the same configuration as that disclosed in, for example, JP-A-5-190423, JP-A-6-284304, etc.
- the main control system 20 is configured to include a microcomputer or a workstation, and controls the components of the apparatus in an integrated manner.
- the main control system 220 is connected to the LAN 110 described above.
- a plurality of types of correction conditions (correction coefficients) created in advance are stored in a storage device such as a hard disk or a memory such as a RAM that constitutes the main control system 220 as a database. ing.
- the alignment sensor AS is composed of a light source 341, a collimator lens 3442, a beam splitter 3444, a mirror 3446, an objective lens 3448, and a condenser lens 35.
- a second axis relay lens 358 Y, and a ⁇ axis image sensor 360 Y composed of a two-dimensional CCD are provided.
- the light source 341 is a non-photosensitive light that does not expose the photoresist on the wafer and emits light having a broad bandwidth (for example, about 200 nm) and a broad wavelength distribution. Use a lamp. Broadband illumination light is used to prevent a decrease in mark detection accuracy due to thin film interference in the resist layer.
- the illumination light from the light source 341 is applied to the vicinity of the alignment mark MA on the wafer W via the collimator lens 342, the beam splitter 344, the mirror 346, and the objective lens 348.
- the reflected light from the alignment mark MA is irradiated on the index plate 352 via the objective lens 3448, the mirror 3446, the beam splitter 3444, and the condenser lens 350, and An image of the alignment mark MA is formed on the plate 3 52.
- the light transmitted through the index plate 352 is directed to the beam splitter 356 via the first relay lens 354, and the light transmitted through the beam splitter 356 is converted to the second X-axis relay lens 3
- Light converged on the imaging surface of the X-axis imaging device 360 X by 5 8 X and reflected by the beam splitter 3 56 is converted to the Y-axis by the second relay lens 3 5 8 Y for Y-axis. It is focused on the imaging surface of the imaging device 360 Y.
- the image of the alignment mark MA and the index mark on the index plate 3 52 are placed on the imaging surfaces of the imaging elements 36 OX and 360 Y, respectively.
- the images of the lights are superimposed and imaged.
- the imaging signals (DS) of the imaging elements 360X and 360Y are both supplied to the main control system 220.
- the measurement value of the wafer laser interferometer 218 is also supplied to the main control unit 220 via the stage control system 219. Therefore, the main control unit 220 calculates the position of the alignment mark MA on the stage coordinate system based on the imaging signal DS from the alignment sensor AS and the measurement value of the wafer laser interferometer 218. .
- the host computer 140 corrects a non-linear error at the time of positioning.
- the correction condition is selected and registered in the exposure apparatus 200 (non-linear error correction condition registration processing).
- the exposure apparatus 200 After registering the correction conditions, the exposure apparatus 200 sequentially performs alignment using the registered correction conditions for each lot, each wafer, and each shot, and performs an exposure process. Processing).
- non-linear error correction condition registration processing as described above, a plurality or one of the correction conditions suitable for correcting the non-linear shot array error is selected and registered in the exposure apparatus 200.
- a plurality or one of these correction conditions is registered corresponding to the process condition of the lot for which the exposure apparatus 200 performs the lot process, that is, for each process condition.
- nonlinear deformation can be classified into several types of components as shown in Fig. 4 according to the cause of the deformation.
- the cause is a stage lid error peculiar to each type of equipment such as an exposure apparatus and a polishing apparatus, a distortion due to the mechanical pressure during a processing operation, or an inherent distortion generated for each process. Etc. Therefore, the same nonlinear deformation or the same tendency is applied to the lots with the same conditions such as the history of the previous process processing of each lot and the exposure conditions of the current exposure processing. Often occurs. Therefore, correction conditions for correcting the deformation are registered for each such process condition.
- a plurality of various conditions including a formal calculation model are specified, and these conditions are applied to historical data measured in advance, so that the correction coefficient of the calculation model is calculated for each condition.
- the correction condition is obtained. Then, from among the correction conditions for the plurality of specified conditions, a plurality or one of correction conditions having a small residual component when applied to history data is selected and registered in the exposure apparatus 200.
- the conditions for obtaining the correction conditions are specified in consideration of the EGA calculation model, the order conditions, and the correction coefficient conditions.
- a calculation model such as a 6-parameter model, a 10-parameter model, and an intra-shoot averaging model can be considered.
- models that can be specified according to the number of measurement points in a shot are limited.
- a 6-parameter model is usually specified.
- an intra-shot multipoint measurement model a 10-parameter model, an intra-shot averaging model, and a 6-parameter model using an arbitrary point in a shot can be specified.
- the order condition specify the highest order to be used, such as up to the second order, up to the third order, or up to the fourth order.
- the formalism is determined. For example, if the maximum order of 3 is specified in the 10-parameter model, the shot array deformation calculation model shown in Equations (3) and (4) will be used. The shot array deformation calculation model shown in (5) and equation (6) will be used.
- ⁇ X C x3oW X 3 + C X 2lWx 2 W y + C X 12WxWy 2 + Cx0 3 Wy 3
- ⁇ X C:: W x 2 + C X llWxWy + Cx02W 5
- W X and Wy are the positions of the shot center with the wafer center as the origin, and S X and S y are the center of the shot. Is the position of the measurement point with ⁇ as the origin, and ⁇ indicates the distance to be corrected, ie, the displacement.
- W x ⁇ Pi Wy is a position of the measurement point in which the wafer center as the origin.
- the condition of the correction coefficient is, for example, to stabilize the higher-order correction result, to exclude a correction coefficient having a high correlation, that is, to specify 0.
- a correction coefficient having a high correlation that is, to specify 0.
- the above-described EGA calculation model, the order condition, and the condition of the correction coefficient are used as conditions for obtaining the correction condition.
- other various conditions may be considered.
- the number of EGA rough measurement sample shots used when selecting correction conditions in lot processing to be described later, and the arrangement of the sample shots may be considered.
- a condition of a reference substrate method in which alignment is performed with reference to a reference wafer or an interferometer reference method in which alignment is performed with reference to an interferometer mirror may be considered.
- the waveform analysis algorithm, the slice level, the contrast limit value, the processing gate width, and the internal srobe type are used.
- the external slope method may be taken into consideration. If the exposure apparatus is equipped with an LSA type alignment system, the conditions such as smoothing and slice level setting should be changed to the LIA type alignment system. In the case where the condition is provided, conditions such as the order of the diffracted light may be considered. The conditions for obtaining these correction conditions may be arbitrarily set in a manner corresponding to the processing in the exposure apparatus and its changing conditions. Either the EGA log file of the exposure tool or the log file of the overlay measurement result is used as the historical data to be referenced to select the capture conditions.
- the EGA log file of the exposure tool can be used to perform position measurement using the normal EGA with the exposure tool in the past lot processing or exposure processing using a reference wafer under the same process conditions as applying the selected correction conditions. It is the data of the result of having performed.
- the overlay measurement file is registered based on the result of the position measurement, and the mark or the resist image of the result of the exposure is transferred to the overlay measurement device. This is data related to displacement.
- the correction coefficient corresponding to each condition specification is obtained by substituting the measured values of a plurality of shot positions for each wafer stored in the EGA log file or overlay measurement file into the calculation model for each condition. (Correction coefficient) is calculated and averaged for a plurality of wafers. At this time, among the calculated coefficient values, other If there is jump data sufficiently separated from the coefficient value, this is excluded and averaging is performed. In addition, the measurement value of the shot position used at this time is used to calculate the tendency of the shot arrangement deviation of the entire wafer, so that the number of measurement shots in a normal linear EGA and the measurement in a higher-order EGA rough measurement described later are used.
- the measured values of a number of sample shots that are somewhat larger than the number of shots, or the measured values of all shots shall be used.
- a correction equation for nonlinear correction with respect to the measured shot position is completed, and the correction condition is obtained.
- the correction condition for each specified condition When the correction condition for each specified condition is obtained, select multiple conditions with few residual components after performing higher-order EGA correction under these conditions, or select one with the minimum residual component This is registered in the exposure apparatus 200.
- the residual component is evaluated by the residual sum of squares.
- the optimum correction coefficient for the calculation model set by changing the conditions variously is obtained, and the correction conditions including the calculation model, the correction coefficient, and various other conditions are determined by the exposure apparatus 20. Registered as 0.
- the calculation model, the order condition, the condition of the correction coefficient, and the correction condition having the obtained correction coefficient eventually become 1 if the correction coefficient is forcibly set to 0 or the like. This can result in the problem of setting each correction coefficient for the correction formula having the highest order term of the 0 parameter model. That is, such a supplement is commonly applied to the exposure apparatus 200.
- the calculation algorithm of the positive calculation formula it is equivalent to simply registering the correction coefficient in the exposure apparatus 200 as registering the correction condition described above. For this reason, in the following description, registering the capturing condition in the exposure apparatus 200 may be simply referred to as setting a correction coefficient.
- step S501 various conditions for selecting the correction conditions, that is, the setting of the calculation model to be considered, the conditions of the order to be optimized by the higher-order EGA, and the higher-order EGA
- the condition of the correction coefficient to be optimized is set in (step S501). After setting the conditions, the conditions are sequentially specified, and the higher-order correction coefficient is calculated for a predetermined number of wafers specified in advance by referring to the EGA log file or the overlay measurement file for the combination of these conditions. .
- the first calculation model is specified as the calculation model (step S502)
- the order and the condition of the correction coefficient are specified (step S503)
- the higher-order EGA correction coefficient is calculated (step S504). .
- This is sequentially performed for a predetermined number of wafers (step S505).
- step S505 When the calculation of the high-order correction coefficient for the predetermined number of wafers is completed (step S505), the rejection of the skipped wafer data in which the data is significantly separated (step S506), and the conditions of the order and the correction coefficient are changed. Then (steps S507 and S503), the higher-order EGA correction coefficients of the predetermined number of wafers are calculated again under the following conditions (steps S504 and S505).
- step S507 After calculating the higher-order EGA correction coefficients for all the set order and correction coefficient conditions (step S507), the calculation model is changed (steps S508, S502) and the next calculation model is changed. Then, the order and the condition of the correction coefficient are sequentially set again, and the high-order EGA correction coefficient of a predetermined number of wafers is calculated under each condition (steps S503 to S507).
- step S508 the high-order EGA of a predetermined number of wafers is obtained.
- step S509 the remaining data obtained by rejecting the flying wafer data in step S506 is used.
- Step S510 a predetermined number of high-order EGA correction coefficients are selected from the averaged high-order EGA correction coefficients from those having a small sum of residual squares after high-order correction and registered in the exposure apparatus 200.
- an arbitrary condition may be registered from among the conditions of the calculation model Z order / correction coefficient, or may be registered for each condition of the wafer deformation.
- the wafer data of the flying wafer data in step S506 excludes wafer data whose residual sum of squares after higher-order correction for each wafer exceeds a predetermined threshold.
- the coefficient of determination obtained by dividing the variance of the higher-order correction position by the variance of the measurement result position (takes a value between 0 and 1; the closer to 0, the larger the residual is, is used as the threshold. May be used.
- each exposure apparatus 200-i where the alignment and correction conditions for each process condition are set in addition to the normal EGA processing including linear correction, high-order EGA correction based on the set correction conditions, that is, non-linear
- the components are corrected and each shot area of the wafer is aligned.
- the linear error is normally corrected by EGA according to the following calculation model.
- S y is the position of the measurement point with the shot center as the origin, and ⁇ and ⁇ are the position correction Quantity.
- W x and Wy do not use the shot component, that is, when the in-shot coordinates Sx and Sy are not used, W x and Wy are the measurement point positions with the wafer center as the origin.
- each coefficient is a coefficient C xl .
- the correction condition to be used is specified for high-order EGA correction.
- the higher-order EGA correction is performed using the correction conditions regardless of the tendency of the wafer deformation.
- high-order EGA rough measurement is performed to detect the tendency of nonlinear deformation of the wafer or lot, and the optimum correction condition is determined based on the tendency. And performs high-order EGA correction based on the selected correction conditions.
- Higher-order EGA rough measurement measures shots evenly, but roughly, over the entire wafer so that the tendency of the shot arrangement can be seen.
- the number of the sample shots is usually larger than the number of measurement shots at the time of EGA, and one example is nine shots as shown in FIG.
- nonlinear correction is performed for each of a plurality of registered correction conditions with respect to the measurement results of the high-order EGA rough shot, in other words, a plurality of registered Higher order correction is performed by applying the correction coefficient, and the correction coefficient that minimizes the residual sum of squares is selected.
- a higher-order correction coefficient is calculated from the higher-order EGA rough measurement results, and a plurality of correction coefficients that match the tendency of the shot arrangement deformation obtained from the higher-order correction coefficient are registered. You may choose from.
- the higher-order EGA rough measurement may be performed on all wafers in a lot, on the first predetermined number of wafers in each lot, or on a predetermined number of predetermined wafers. It may be performed on a wafer. At this time, it is preferable to perform higher-order correction using the correction coefficient selected in the immediately preceding higher-order EGA rough measurement for the wafer for which higher-order EGA rough measurement is not performed.
- the exposure apparatus 200 uses the sign inverted.
- the linear component is normally corrected separately by the EGA, and specifically, the 0th-order and the 1st-order components are reduced. It will be heavily corrected. To prevent this, the 0th-order and 1st-order correction factors normally calculated by EGA are subtracted from the 0th-order and 1st-order correction factors. At this time, the presence or absence of a shot component is calculated by adjusting the conditions for the higher-order EGA and the normal EGA. For the higher order correction factor, the calculation result of the higher order EGA is used as it is.
- step S601 it is determined whether the high-order EGA rough measurement function is enabled (on) or disabled (off) (step S601). If the function is disabled, normal EGA measurement is performed on the wafer. Is performed (step S602), and a higher-order correction coefficient corresponding to the designated process condition is selected from the higher-order correction coefficients registered in advance (step S603). Then, linear correction based on the normal EGA measurement results and nonlinear correction using a fixed higher-order correction coefficient corresponding to the selected process conditions are applied. Then, the respective shot areas are sequentially aligned, and the exposure processing is performed (step S611).
- step S601 If the higher-order EGA rough measurement function is valid (step S601), it is detected whether or not the wafer to be processed is a higher-order EGA rough measurement target wafer (step S604).
- the setting of whether or not the wafer is to be subjected to the higher-order EGA rough measurement may be arbitrarily set to one or more based on the wafer position in the lot.
- step S604 If the wafer to be processed is not the target wafer for the higher-order EGA rough measurement (step S604), the wafer is subjected to normal EGA measurement (step S605), and the exposure of the immediately preceding wafer is performed.
- Step S606 by applying linear correction based on the normal EGA measurement result and nonlinear correction based on the selected higher-order correction coefficient, the position of each shot area is sequentially detected and corrected, that is, alignment is performed, and exposure processing is performed. Is performed (step S 6 1 1).
- step S604 If the wafer to be processed is a wafer to be subjected to higher-order EGA rough measurement (step S604), for example, a higher-order EGA rough measurement is performed for a measurement shot 930 shown by oblique lines in FIG. Then, the tendency of the shot arrangement deformation of the wafer 910 is detected (step S607). Next, based on the detection result, one optimal correction coefficient is selected from a plurality of higher-order correction coefficients registered for the process condition (step S608). Then, a linear correction based on the normal EGA measurement result and a non-linear correction based on the selected higher-order correction coefficient are applied to sequentially align the positions of the shot areas, and perform an exposure process (step S611).
- the exposure processing is sequentially performed on each shot area in the wafer, and further, the exposure processing is performed on all the wafers in the lot (step S612).
- the optimal nonlinear correction coefficient (correction condition) is selected according to the tendency of the nonlinear deformation for each lot or each wafer, and thereby the nonlinear deformation is performed. Is corrected and alignment is performed. Therefore, the non-linear error can be properly corrected for each wafer, and accurate alignment can be performed. As a result, high-precision exposure can be performed, and a high-quality electronic device can be manufactured.
- the correction coefficient is detected in a period prior to the lot processing and registered in the exposure apparatus. Therefore, in the case of lot processing, enormous calculation processing for calculating the correction coefficient is not necessary, and rough EGA measurement for simply knowing the tendency of nonlinear deformation may be performed.
- the selection of the correction coefficient is detected based on actual measurement data corresponding to process conditions, such as EGA log data and overlay measurement result data. Therefore, it is possible to detect an appropriate correction coefficient capable of appropriately correcting a nonlinear error, and it is possible to achieve more accurate alignment, high-definition exposure processing, and high-quality device manufacturing.
- the source of the higher-order coefficient calculation is It is effective to select the most suitable condition by using the function to display the new EGA measurement result, the overlay measurement result, and the calculation result using the obtained higher-order EGA correction coefficient.
- the measurement value, capture value, residual error after correction using the higher-order EGA correction coefficient, etc. are switched and displayed for each shot area
- a map display can selectively display an average value for each wafer and for all wafers.
- a display mode in each shot area it is preferable that a numerical data display mode and a histogram display can be selectively displayed.
- a signal waveform display as disclosed in, for example, Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 4-324645 (paragraph number 0666) is also effective for selecting the optimum condition.
- the contents of the signal waveform display include mark position information, mark detection results, mark detection parameters, mark shape parameters, wafer numbers, shot numbers, and graph display scales.
- FIG. 8 is a flowchart showing a manufacturing process of an electronic device such as a semiconductor chip such as IC or LSI, a liquid crystal panel, a CCD, a thin film magnetic head, or a micromachine.
- a semiconductor chip such as IC or LSI
- a liquid crystal panel such as a LCD, a CCD, a thin film magnetic head, or a micromachine.
- step S81 the function and performance of the device such as the circuit design of the electronic device are designed, and the pattern for realizing the function is designed (step S81). 0) Then, a mask on which the designed circuit pattern is formed is manufactured (step S820).
- a wafer (silicon substrate) is manufactured using a material such as silicon (step S830).
- step S840 using the mask manufactured in step S820 and the wafer manufactured in step S830, actual circuits and the like are formed on the wafer by lithography technology or the like (step S840). .
- a thin film with an insulating film, an electrode wiring film, or a semiconductor film is formed on the wafer surface (step S841), and then, a resist coating device (a coater) is formed on the entire surface of the thin film. Apply a photosensitizer (resist) using (step S842).
- Step S843 the substrate after the application of the resist is loaded on the wafer holder of the exposure apparatus according to the present invention, and the mask manufactured in step S830 is loaded on the reticle stage.
- the pattern formed on the mask is reduced and transferred onto the wafer (Step S843).
- each shot area of the wafer is sequentially aligned by the above-described alignment method according to the present invention, and a mask pattern is sequentially transferred to each shot area.
- the wafer is unloaded from the wafer holder, and is developed using a developing device (developer) (step S844). As a result, a resist image of the mask pattern is formed on the wafer surface.
- developer developer
- the wafer having undergone the development process is subjected to an etching process using an etching device (step S845), and the resist remaining on the wafer surface is removed using, for example, a plasma assisting device (step S840). 8 4 6).
- a pattern such as an insulating layer and electrode wiring is formed in each shot area of the wafer.
- an actual circuit or the like is formed on the wafer.
- step S850 assembling as a device is performed (step S850). Specifically, the wafer is diced and divided into individual chips, each chip is mounted on a lead frame or package, bonding is performed to connect the electrodes, and packaging processing such as resin sealing is performed.
- the manufactured device is subjected to an operation check test, a durability test, and other inspections (step S860), and shipped as a completed device.
- the overall configuration of the exposure system is not limited to the configuration shown in FIG.
- an information server 16 0 intensively stores various information such as EGA measurement result data, overlay measurement results, and combinations of correction coefficients. May be provided separately.
- another computer may be connected to the intranet 110 to distribute the processing.
- FIG. 9B a system constructed via another communication network 170 different from the intranet 110 or a so-called server-client type system is constructed.
- the exposure system 102 shown in FIG. 9B is obtained by connecting a factory system 103 and a server 180 via an external communication network 170. .
- the server 180 collectively includes the functions of the host computer 140 and the information server 160 in the exposure system 101 of FIG. 9A.
- Factory system Reference numeral 130 denotes an exposure apparatus that actually performs processing on a wafer 200 -i and an overlay measurement apparatus 130, and connects the external communication network 170 to the intranet 110. It has a communication control device 141 as a gateway device.
- the external communication network 170 is, for example, a communication network using the Internet / a dedicated line.
- Such an exposure system 102 is suitable for, for example, controlling and managing a factory system 103 located in a remote factory by a management department. Although not shown, it is suitable when a plurality of factory systems 103 are controlled and managed by one server 180. Also, for a factory system 103 built by an electronic device manufacturer, an exposure apparatus manufacturer having information on the characteristics of the exposure apparatus 200, for example, determines a correction coefficient via the server 180, for example. It can also be applied to systems that provide an environment for
- the form of sharing of processing such as calculation for control and calculation in each apparatus of the exposure system, in other words, the form of distribution of functions as a distributed processing system, or the connection of these apparatuses as a network system
- the form may be any form.
- the present invention is not limited to this, and any type of mark detection system may be used.
- the imaging method image processing method Other than the above, for example, a method of detecting diffracted light or scattered light may be used.
- an alignment mark on a wafer is irradiated almost perpendicularly with a coherent beam, and the diffracted light of the same order ( ⁇ 1 order, ⁇ 2 order, ......, ⁇ n order diffracted light) generated from the mark is caused to interfere.
- It may be an alignment system for detecting by detecting.
- the diffracted light may be detected independently for each order, and the detection result of at least one order may be used.
- a plurality of coherent beams having different wavelengths may be irradiated on the alignment mark, and each wavelength may be used for each.
- the diffraction light of the order may be detected by interference.
- the present invention provides a step-and-scan type exposure system as described in the above embodiments.
- the present invention can be applied to not only an optical device but also an exposure device of various types including an exposure device of a step-and-repeat type or a proximity type (such as an X-ray exposure device).
- the illumination light (energy beam) for exposure used in the exposure apparatus is not limited to ultraviolet light, but may be X-rays (including EUV light), or charged particle beams such as electron beams and ion beams. Further, an exposure apparatus used for manufacturing a DNA chip, a mask, a reticle, or the like may be used. ⁇
- the influence on a throughput can be reduced and the alignment method which can perform nonlinear correction
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EP04714029.8A EP1603153B1 (en) | 2003-02-26 | 2004-02-24 | Exposure method, device production method, and information display method |
US11/210,879 US20060040191A1 (en) | 2003-02-26 | 2005-08-25 | Detection method for optimum position detection formula, alignment method, exposure method, device production method, device, and measurement and/or inspection apparatus |
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KR (1) | KR101022680B1 (ja) |
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- 2004-02-24 WO PCT/JP2004/002116 patent/WO2004077534A1/ja active Application Filing
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WO2006030727A1 (ja) * | 2004-09-14 | 2006-03-23 | Nikon Corporation | 補正方法及び露光装置 |
JPWO2006030727A1 (ja) * | 2004-09-14 | 2008-05-15 | 株式会社ニコン | 補正方法及び露光装置 |
CN100456423C (zh) * | 2004-09-14 | 2009-01-28 | 尼康股份有限公司 | 校正方法及曝光装置 |
JP4844835B2 (ja) * | 2004-09-14 | 2011-12-28 | 株式会社ニコン | 補正方法及び露光装置 |
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KR101133490B1 (ko) * | 2004-09-14 | 2012-04-23 | 가부시키가이샤 니콘 | 보정 방법 및 노광 장치 |
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JP2007027721A (ja) * | 2005-07-12 | 2007-02-01 | Asml Netherlands Bv | リソグラフィ装置における格子変形の処理レシピを修正するための格子モデルの選択方法及び該方法を使用したリソグラフィ・アセンブリ |
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CN109146956A (zh) * | 2018-08-09 | 2019-01-04 | 厦门市计量检定测试院 | 一种视觉定位系统的线性误差修正系数获取方法 |
Also Published As
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US20060040191A1 (en) | 2006-02-23 |
EP1603153A1 (en) | 2005-12-07 |
CN1751378B (zh) | 2010-06-23 |
EP1603153A4 (en) | 2008-07-09 |
CN1751378A (zh) | 2006-03-22 |
JP2004265957A (ja) | 2004-09-24 |
KR101022680B1 (ko) | 2011-03-22 |
TWI342057B (ja) | 2011-05-11 |
TW200507136A (en) | 2005-02-16 |
KR20050098963A (ko) | 2005-10-12 |
EP1603153B1 (en) | 2013-05-01 |
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