WO2004019607A1 - 画像処理装置と画像処理システム及び画像処理方法 - Google Patents
画像処理装置と画像処理システム及び画像処理方法 Download PDFInfo
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- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 177
- 238000003672 processing method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 14
- 238000012937 correction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 434
- 238000004364 calculation method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 141
- 239000013598 vector Substances 0.000 claims description 64
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 61
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000003702 image correction Methods 0.000 claims description 10
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- 230000015654 memory Effects 0.000 description 123
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- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 31
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- 230000007274 generation of a signal involved in cell-cell signaling Effects 0.000 description 12
- 238000003384 imaging method Methods 0.000 description 9
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 8
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- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052709 silver Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000004332 silver Substances 0.000 description 2
- -1 silver halide Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 241000226585 Antennaria plantaginifolia Species 0.000 description 1
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- G06T3/047—
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- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06T—IMAGE DATA PROCESSING OR GENERATION, IN GENERAL
- G06T3/00—Geometric image transformation in the plane of the image
- G06T3/40—Scaling the whole image or part thereof
- G06T3/4007—Interpolation-based scaling, e.g. bilinear interpolation
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- G06T5/80—
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
- H04N23/00—Cameras or camera modules comprising electronic image sensors; Control thereof
- H04N23/80—Camera processing pipelines; Components thereof
- H04N23/81—Camera processing pipelines; Components thereof for suppressing or minimising disturbance in the image signal generation
Definitions
- Image processing apparatus image processing system, and image processing method
- the present invention relates to an image processing apparatus, an image processing system, and an image processing method used for a video camera, a digital still camera, a silver halide camera, and the like.
- FIG. 33 shows the configuration of a conventional image processing apparatus 100.
- the conventional image processing apparatus 100 has a lens 20 0, an image sensor 300, a data conversion unit 400, a signal processing unit 500, an image memory 600 A control microcomputer 700, a synchronization signal generation unit 800, a correction data table 1 0 1 0, a recording unit 1 1 0 0, a reproduction unit 1 2 0 0, and a display system processing unit 1 3 0 0.
- step S 1 an analog image signal for an object 1 0 1 is input via the lens 2 0 0 and the imaging device input. Then, in step S 2, the data conversion unit 400 converts the analog image signal into a digital image signal to generate an image 102.
- step S3 the signal processing unit 500 is distorted using the distortion correction vector (hereinafter, also simply referred to as a “correction vector”) stored in the correction data table 1 0 1 0. Perform correction on the base image.
- step S4 the control microcomputer 700 determines whether or not to finish inputting the image. If it is determined that the input is not finished, the process returns to step S1.
- the above is shown in FIG. The outline of the operation of the conventional image processing apparatus 100 will be described in detail below.
- the lens 200 collects the reflected light from the subject 1 0 1 and maps it on the imaging device 3 0 0.
- the image pickup device 300 is composed of a CCD, a CMOS sensor, etc., and generates an analog image signal by capturing a photographed image. Further, the data conversion unit 400 converts the analog signal supplied from the image sensor 300 into a digital image signal to generate an image 102.
- the control microcomputer 700 issues a command instructing a predetermined operation in response to an input to the external user interface.
- the signal processing unit 500 stores the digital image signal generated by the data conversion unit 400 in the image memory 600 according to the command supplied from the control microcomputer 700. Then, the signal processing unit 500 reads out from the table the correction vector corresponding to all the pixels pre-recorded in the correction data table 1 0 1 0, and from the image memory 6 0 0 according to the correction information. After acquiring the necessary image signal, distortion of the image 102 output from the data conversion unit 400 is corrected by performing geometric correction using the two-dimensional interpolation method on the image signal.
- the image signal generated in the signal processing unit 500 is supplied to the display processing unit 1 300 to display the image on the monitor,
- the data is recorded on an external tape, a disk, or a medium 1 4 0 0 such as a memory.
- the image signal recorded in the medium 140 is reproduced by the reproducing unit 1200, and the reproduced signal is supplied to the display system processing unit 1300, whereby the reproduced image is recorded. It will be displayed in the evening.
- the synchronization signal generation unit 800 generates an internal synchronization signal in accordance with the clock signal CLK supplied from the outside, and the imaging device 300, the delay conversion unit 400, and the signal processing unit 500 Supply to.
- FIG. 35 is a block diagram showing a configuration of the signal processing unit 500 shown in FIG.
- the signal processing unit 500 is a shading control unit 510 and an interpolation phase ⁇ input data coordinate calculation unit 520, a data acquisition unit 530, an interpolation coefficient generation unit 5 4 0, data interpolation calculation unit 5 5 0, output data buffer 5 6 0, and data write unit 5 7 0.
- the data writing unit 5 7 0 supplies the digital image signal supplied from the data conversion unit 4 0 0 together with the writing control signal S w to the image memory 6 0 0.
- the timing control unit 510 generates the control timing signal St according to the internal synchronization signal supplied from the synchronization signal generation unit 800, and the interpolation phase ⁇ input data coordinate calculation unit 520 is supplied
- the coordinates of the output image are calculated according to the control timing signal S t, and a correction vector request signal S a for obtaining a correction vector for the obtained coordinates is supplied to the correction data table 1 0 1 0.
- the correction data table 1 0 1 0 10 obtains a correction vector according to the correction vector request signal S a from the built-in table, and obtains a data acquisition unit 5 3 0 and an interpolation coefficient generation unit 5 4 0 Supply to.
- the data acquisition unit 530 supplies the read control signal Sr to the image memory 600, thereby correcting the correction data.
- Interpolation data is acquired from the image memory 600 according to the integer component of the correction vector output from one block 1 0 1 0. Note that the acquisition unit for data acquisition 5300 supplies the acquired data for interpolation to the data interpolation calculation unit 550.
- the interpolation coefficient generation unit 540 generates an interpolation coefficient according to the fractional component of the correction vector supplied from the correction data table 1 01 0, and supplies the interpolation coefficient to the data interpolation calculation unit 5 5 0. Then, the data interpolation calculation unit 550 executes an interpolation operation in accordance with the interpolation data supplied from the data acquisition unit 530 and the interpolation coefficient supplied from the interpolation coefficient generation unit 540. A two-dimensional interpolation operation is performed as the interpolation operation.
- FIG. 36A shows an image before and after two-dimensional interpolation
- FIG. 36B shows an enlarged view of a part of FIG. 36A.
- FIG. 36A shows the case where an original image consisting of arrows connecting points A1 to A4 is converted to an output image connecting points a1 to a4 by two-dimensional interpolation.
- the distances between the lattice point K 0 0 and the lattice point K 1 0 and between the lattice point K 10 and the lattice point K 11 are both set to 1.
- the position of the point A 1 in the X direction and the y direction is specified by the decimal parameters P and P y respectively.
- the data obtained as a result of the interpolation operation by the data interpolation calculation unit 550 is held in the output data buffer 560, and to the display processing unit 1300 or the recording unit 1100 at a predetermined timing. It is output.
- the conventional data interpolation calculation unit 550 is configured as shown in FIG. 37.
- FIG. 37 in the case where the image of each point of the output image is determined using an image data set consisting of 16 pieces in total of 4 pieces (4 ⁇ 4) arranged in each of the X and y directions. The configuration is shown.
- the circuit scale is large because it is necessary to have correction vectors corresponding to all pixels. There is a problem of cost increase. Furthermore, when changing the position of the lens 200 or changing the lens, it is necessary to update the correction base according to the change in the distortion characteristic of the lens, so the cost is high. A large capacity correction data table 1 0 1 0 is required.
- the update of the correction data table 1 0 1 0 is executed by the control microcomputer 7 0 0 according to the instruction from the user interface, but the control microcomputer 7 0 0 and the correction data table 1 0 1 0 Since a large communication capacity is required between the two, there is also a problem that real-time processing by the control microcomputer 700 becomes difficult.
- image data at a plurality of points on a two-dimensional plane on which an image is formed is used to correct one image data, but high quality images are obtained. In order to do so, it is necessary to use image data at many points, so the frequency of access to the image memory 600 becomes high, and there is a problem that the operation speed can not be increased.
- the port width of the image memory 600 must be a pand width several times the output rate. That is, for example, in the case of generating image data of one pixel from image delay of four pixels in two-dimensional interpolation, the port width needs to be four times the bandwidth of one pixel.
- the present invention has been made to solve the above problems, and an image processing apparatus, an image processing system, and an image processing system for correcting image distortion at low cost and generating a high quality image in real time.
- the purpose is to provide a method. Disclosure of the invention
- An object of the present invention is an image processing apparatus including an image correction means for correcting an original image having distortion according to a supplied correction vector, which decodes an externally supplied encoded correction vector.
- the present invention is achieved by providing an image processing apparatus characterized by comprising decoding means for supplying a decoded correction vector to an image correction means.
- the image correction means corrects the original image in accordance with the decoded correction vector.
- the need to hold in advance the correction vector at all the pixel points to be configured in the image processing apparatus is avoided. This reduces the size and manufacturing cost of the image processing apparatus that corrects the distorted original image in real time. be able to.
- Another object of the present invention is to provide an image processing apparatus for correcting an original image having distortion, which uses a horizontal correction parameter indicating the amount of correction in the horizontal direction at pixel points constituting the original image.
- horizontal correction means for correcting distortion in the horizontal direction of the original image by performing one-dimensional interpolation operation, and an image obtained by the correction by the horizontal correction means at the pixel points constituting the original image.
- Image processing characterized by comprising: vertical correction means for correcting distortion in the vertical direction of an original image by performing one-dimensional interpolation calculation using a vertical correction parameter indicating a correction amount in the vertical direction. Achieved by providing the device.
- the horizontal correction means performs one-dimensional interpolation in the horizontal direction of the original image
- the vertical correction means performs the one-dimensional interpolation in the vertical direction of the original image.
- Image distortion can be corrected.
- Either of the correction by the horizontal correction means and the correction by the vertical correction means may be performed first.
- the object of the present invention is to provide an original image by applying a one-dimensional interpolation operation to the original image using a vertical correction parameter that indicates the amount of correction in the vertical direction at pixel points constituting the original image.
- Vertical correction means for correcting distortion in the direction, and an image obtained by the correction by the vertical correction means, using a horizontal correction parameter that indicates the amount of horizontal correction at pixel points constituting the original image can also be achieved by providing an image processing apparatus characterized by including horizontal correction means for correcting distortion in the horizontal direction of an original image by performing interpolation calculation.
- the horizontal correction means stretches the original image in the horizontal direction by adjusting the interval in the horizontal direction of the pixel point for which the image data is obtained by the one-dimensional interpolation calculation, and the vertical correction means performs the one-dimensional interpolation calculation.
- the original image is expanded and contracted in the vertical direction by adjusting the interval in the vertical direction of pixel points for which image data is to be obtained, distortion correction and enlargement or reduction of the original image can be easily realized.
- the horizontal correction means is a first data acquisition means for selectively acquiring image data at pixel points according to the integer components of the horizontal correction parameter, and the fractional component of the horizontal correction parameter Using the first interpolation coefficient generation means for generating an interpolation coefficient according to the first image data acquired by the first data acquisition means, and the interpolation coefficient generated by the first interpolation coefficient generation means And second data acquisition means for selectively acquiring the image data at the pixel point according to the integer component of the vertical correction parameter, and a decimal point for the vertical correction parameter.
- Second interpolation coefficient generation means for generating an interpolation coefficient according to the component; image data acquired by the second data acquisition means; interpolation coefficients generated by the second interpolation coefficient generation means; And second interpolation operation means for executing a one-dimensional interpolation operation using The above-mentioned fractional component is taken as the interpolation phase.
- it further comprises storage means for storing the horizontal correction image obtained by the correction by the horizontal correction means, and the vertical correction means acquires a horizontal correction image according to the vertical correction parameter from the storage means. It is possible to include data acquisition means, and interpolation operation means for performing one-dimensional interpolation operation using vertical correction parameters on the horizontal correction image acquired by the data acquisition means.
- Another object of the present invention is an image processing system including an image correction unit that corrects an original image having distortion according to a supplied correction vector.
- An image comprising: encoding means for selectively encoding the image data; and decoding means for decoding the encoded correction vector supplied from the encoding means and for supplying the decoded correction vector to the image correction means. It is achieved by providing a processing system.
- the decoding means decodes the correction vector encoded by the encoding means, and the image correction means corrects the original image in accordance with the decoded correction vector. Distortion correction can be performed without using a correction vector at points, and the original image can be corrected in real time at low cost.
- Another object of the present invention is an image processing system for correcting a distorted original image, which comprises: a horizontal correction parameter indicating a horizontal correction amount at a pixel point constituting the original image; Encoding means for selectively encoding the vertical correction parameter indicating the amount of correction in the vertical direction, horizontal decoding means for decoding the encoded horizontal correction parameter supplied from the encoding means, and decoding by the horizontal decoding means Horizontal correction means for correcting distortion in the horizontal direction of the original image by performing one-dimensional interpolation calculation on the original image using the corrected horizontal correction parameters, and encoding supplied from the encoder means.
- Vertical decoding means for decoding the corrected vertical correction parameters, and vertical decoding for the image obtained by the correction by the horizontal correction means.
- An image processing system comprising: vertical correction means for correcting distortion in the vertical direction of an original image by performing a one-dimensional interpolation operation using a vertical correction parameter decoded by the code means.
- the horizontal correction means performs one-dimensional interpolation in the horizontal direction of the original image
- the vertical correction means performs the one-dimensional interpolation in the vertical direction of the original image.
- the encoding means is a grid dividing means for dividing the original image according to a control signal supplied from the user interface, and a horizontal correction parameter at grid points obtained by the grid division is selectively compressed.
- Horizontal correction parameters and vertical correction parameters are supplied to horizontal decoding means, and parameter compression means for selectively compressing vertical correction parameters at grid points and supplying them to vertical decoding means. Can be efficiently supplied to the horizontal and vertical decoding means.
- the horizontal decoding means is determined by: first lattice determination means for determining a lattice frame surrounding each pixel point of the generated image corresponding to the lattice generated by the lattice division means; Each grid frame is approximated by a function, and horizontal parameter calculation means for calculating a horizontal correction parameter at each pixel point of the generated image using the function is included, and the vertical decoding means is Second lattice determination means for determining a lattice frame surrounding each pixel point of the generated image corresponding to the lattice generated by the means; and each lattice frame determined by the second lattice determination means approximated by a function And a vertical parameter calculation means for calculating a vertical correction parameter 'at each pixel point of the generated image using the function, and an encoded horizontal correction parameter.
- the evening and vertical correction parameter Isseki can and accurately decode child.
- At least one of the horizontal parameter calculation means and the vertical parameter calculation means can approximate at least one lattice frame by an n-order polynomial (n is a natural number).
- Another object of the present invention is to provide an image processing method for correcting a distorted original image, wherein a horizontal correction parameter indicating a horizontal correction amount at pixel points constituting the original image is used for the original image.
- a second step of correcting distortion in the vertical direction of the original image by performing one-dimensional interpolation calculation using a vertical correction parameter indicating a correction amount of the direction; Achieved by providing.
- the one-dimensional interpolation operation is performed in the horizontal direction of the original image
- the one-dimensional interpolation operation is performed in the vertical direction of the original image. Image distortion can be corrected.
- the original image is expanded or contracted in the horizontal direction by adjusting the horizontal interval of the pixel points for which the image data is obtained by the one-dimensional interpolation operation, or in the second step. If the original image can be expanded or contracted in the vertical direction by adjusting the interval in the vertical direction of the pixel point for which the image data is obtained by one-dimensional interpolation calculation, the original image can be easily further horizontally or vertically or in both directions Can be scaled up or down.
- Another object of the present invention is an image processing method for correcting a distorted original image, comprising: a first step of dividing the original image into lattices according to a control signal supplied from the user interface; Second step of selectively encoding horizontal and vertical correction amounts at the grid points obtained by the second step, and third step of decoding encoded horizontal and vertical correction amounts. And according to the horizontal correction amount decoded It has the fourth step of performing one-dimensional interpolation in the horizontal direction of the original image, and the fifth step of performing the one-dimensional interpolation in the vertical direction of the original image according to the decoded vertical correction amount. This is achieved by providing an image processing method characterized by
- the amount of correction at each pixel point of the original image is efficiently encoded and decoded, and one-dimensional interpolation calculation in the horizontal direction and the vertical direction is performed according to the corrected amount of correction. Since it is applied, real-time correction processing of the original image can be easily realized.
- the third step includes: a grid frame determining step of determining a grid frame surrounding each pixel point of the generated image corresponding to the grid generated in the first step; and the grid frame determining step. Assuming that each grid frame is approximated by a number and a parameter calculation step of calculating correction amounts in horizontal and vertical directions at each pixel point constituting a generated image using a function is included, encoding The horizontal and vertical correction amounts can be easily and reliably decoded.
- FIG. 1 is a block diagram showing a configuration of an image processing system according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 2 is a block diagram showing the configuration of the signal processing unit shown in FIG.
- FIGS. 3A to 3B are diagrams for describing an outline of a one-dimensional interpolation operation performed by the signal processing unit shown in FIG.
- FIG. 4 is a diagram showing the configuration of a horizontal processing circuit included in the data interpolation calculation unit shown in FIG.
- FIG. 5 is a first flow chart showing the operation of the horizontal one-dimensional interpolation unit shown in FIG.
- Fig. 6 is a second front view showing the operation of the horizontal one-dimensional interpolation unit shown in Fig. 2.
- Figs. 7A to 7C are Figs. 5 and 6. It is a figure explaining the operation shown in.
- FIG. 8 is a diagram showing an example of equal-magnification conversion in horizontal one-dimensional interpolation.
- FIG. 9 is an end view showing the operation timing of the unit-magnification conversion shown in FIG. .
- FIG. 10 is a diagram showing an example of horizontal enlargement conversion in horizontal one-dimensional interpolation.
- FIG. 11 is a timing chart showing the operation timing of the horizontal enlargement conversion shown in FIG.
- FIG. 12 is a first flow chart showing the operation of the vertical one-dimensional interpolation unit shown in FIG.
- FIG. 13 is a second flowchart showing the operation of the vertical one-dimensional interpolation unit shown in FIG.
- FIGS. 14A to 14 C are diagrams for explaining the operations shown in FIGS. 12 and 13;
- FIG. 15 is a diagram showing an example of vertical enlargement conversion in vertical one-dimensional interpolation.
- FIG. 16 is a flow chart outlining the operation of the preprocessing device and correction parameter decoder shown in FIG.
- FIG. 17 is a block diagram showing the configuration of the correction parameter encoder shown in FIG.
- FIGS. 18A to 18B are diagrams for explaining the outline of the operation of the grid dividing unit shown in FIG. 17;
- FIG. 19 is a first flow chart showing a method of optimal division.
- FIG. 20 is a second flow chart showing the method of optimal division.
- FIGS. 21A to 21D are first diagrams for explaining the operation shown in FIGS. 19 and 20.
- FIGS. 22A to 22C are second diagrams illustrating the operation shown in FIGS. 19 and 20.
- FIG. 22A to 22C are second diagrams illustrating the operation shown in FIGS. 19 and 20.
- FIG. 23 is a block diagram showing a configuration of an image distortion correction parameter decoder for the X direction shown in FIG.
- FIGS. 24A to 24 B are diagrams for explaining the operation of the correction parameter decoder shown in FIG.
- FIG. 25 is a diagram showing the configuration of the image memory, data acquisition unit and data interpolation calculation unit shown in FIG. 2;
- FIG. 26 is a timing chart showing timings of horizontal one-dimensional interpolation processing and vertical one-dimensional interpolation processing.
- FIG. 27 is a diagram for explaining the memory capacity required to execute horizontal one-dimensional interpolation and vertical one-dimensional interpolation.
- FIG. 28 is a view for explaining the method of storing data in the image memory shown in FIG. 25 at once.
- FIGS. 29A to 29C are diagrams showing possible vertical change patterns in adjacent pixels.
- FIGS. 3A to 3B are diagrams showing an impossible change pattern in the vertical direction in adjacent pixels.
- FIG. 31 is a diagram for explaining vertical four-tap processing.
- FIG. 32 is a diagram for explaining a method for reading data from the image memory shown in FIG. 25.
- FIG. 33 is a block diagram showing a configuration of a conventional image processing apparatus.
- FIG. 34 is a flow chart showing an outline of the operation of the image processing apparatus shown in FIG.
- FIG. 35 is a block diagram showing the configuration of the signal processing unit shown in FIG.
- FIGS. 36A to 36B are diagrams showing the principle of image conversion by two-dimensional interpolation.
- FIG. 37 is a block diagram showing a configuration of a data interpolation calculation unit shown in FIG. 35.
- FIG. 1 is a block diagram showing a configuration of an image processing system according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- the image processing system according to the embodiment of the present invention comprises an image processing device 2, a pre-processing device 3 and a media 140, and the image processing device 2 comprises a lens 200 and Image sensor 300, data converter 400, signal processor 10, image memory 7, control microcomputer 8, correction parameter decoder 9, synchronization signal generator 800, recording unit 1 100, playback
- the preprocessing unit 3 includes a correction parameter encoder 5 and a correction parameter derivation unit 6.
- the lens 200 is for condensing the reflected light from the subject 101 and imaging it on the imaging device 300, and is not limited to a single focus lens but has a zoom function. It is good.
- the image pickup device 300 is composed of a CCD and a CMOS sensor, etc., and according to the internal synchronization signal supplied from the synchronization signal generation unit 800, a captured image is captured and an analog image signal is generated. Do.
- the digital conversion unit 400 is connected to the image pickup device 300, and the analog image signal generated by the image pickup device 300 is digitalized according to the internal synchronization signal supplied from the synchronization signal generation unit 800. Convert to an image signal to generate an image.
- the signal processing unit 10 is connected to the control microcomputer 8, the data conversion unit 400, the image memory 7, the correction parameter decoder 9, and the synchronization signal generation unit 800. Then, the signal processing unit 10 stores the digital image signal supplied from the data conversion unit 400 in the image memory 7 in accordance with the command supplied from the control microcomputer 8, and also from the correction parameter decoder 9. A correction process is performed on the image signal stored by the correction amount parameter supplied. Then, the signal processing unit 10 supplies the image signal obtained by the correction to the display system processing unit 1 300 and the recording unit 1 100. The signal processing unit 10 will be described in detail later.
- the correction parameter deriving unit 6 calculates in advance a correction amount vector corresponding to each position of all pixels from data etc. of the distortion of the lens 200. Further, the correction parameter encoder 5 is connected to the correction parameter deriving unit 6 and the user interface, and the correction parameter deriving unit 6 receives the correction according to the control signal L n, L w supplied from the user interface. The amount vector is compressed (encoded), and the compressed data P c is supplied to the correction parameter decoder 9.
- both the calculation in the correction parameter derivation unit 6 and the encoding described above are calculations with a very large load, it may be calculated separately using a personal computer or the like, and the influence on the real time processing by the image processing device 2 will be It is not something to give.
- the preprocessing device 3 is not an essential component, and the compressed data P c is supplied from outside the image processing device 2 to the correction parameter decoder 9.
- the various embodiments to be carried out are likewise conceivable.
- control microcomputer 8 outputs a command for instructing a predetermined operation or the like to the signal processing unit 10 in accordance with a control signal from the user interface, and at the same time, corrects position information of the lens 200 or the like.
- the correction parameter decoder 9 is connected to the correction parameter encoder 5, the control microcomputer 8, and the signal processing unit 10. Then, the correction parameter decoder 9 corrects the correction amount parameter corresponding to each pixel by the encoded compressed data P c supplied from the correction parameter encoder 5 in accordance with the information etc. supplied from the control microcomputer 8. Then, the correction amount parameter is supplied to the signal processing unit 10.
- the correction parameter decoder 9 supplies the correction amount parameter to the signal processing unit 10 regardless of the interpolation method executed in the signal processing unit 10.
- the correction parameter encoder 5 and the correction parameter decoder 9 will be described in detail later.
- the recording unit 1 0 0 0 is connected to the signal processing unit 1 0, and the image signal generated by the signal processing unit 1 0 can be a tape, a flexible disc, a DVD (digital versatile disc), a hard disc, a memory Media such as (Recording media) 1 4 0 0 Record.
- the signal processing unit 10 generated The image signal may be recorded in the media 140 using a network or wireless communication.
- the playback unit 1200 is connected to the medium 140 and plays back the image signal stored in the medium 140 and supplies it to the display processing unit 1300: Display system processing unit 1
- the signal processing unit 10 is connected to the signal processing unit 10 and the reproduction unit 120 and displays the image signal supplied from the signal processing unit 10 or the reproduction unit 120 on the monitor.
- the synchronization signal generation unit 800 generates an internal synchronization signal according to the clock signal CLK supplied from the outside, and supplies the internal synchronization signal to the imaging device 300, the data conversion unit 400, and the signal processing unit 10.
- FIG. 2 is a block diagram showing a configuration of the signal processing unit 10 shown in FIG.
- the signal processing unit 10 includes a horizontal one-dimensional interpolation unit 5 0 1 and a vertical one-dimensional interpolation unit 5 0 2.
- the image memory 7 includes an image memory 601 including a horizontal processing FIF ⁇ memory and an image memory 602 including a vertical processing line buffer.
- the correction parameter decoder 9 is an image distortion correction parameter decoder for the X direction. 3 3 and an image distortion correction parameter decoder for the y direction 3 4.
- the image memory 622 has a capacity sufficient to store data across the minimum number of lines necessary to realize vertical distortion correction, which will be described later. Also, the capacity is usually determined according to the frequency of the output synchronization signal supplied to the output data buffer 32.
- the horizontal one-dimensional interpolation unit 501 has a data writing unit 21 and an operation control unit 22, an interpolation phase ⁇ input data coordinate calculation unit 23, a data acquisition unit 24, an interpolation coefficient generation unit 25, and
- the vertical interpolation calculation unit 26 includes 6 and the vertical one-dimensional interpolation unit 5 0 2 includes the calculation control unit 2 7 and the interpolation phase ⁇ input data coordinate calculation unit 2 8 It includes a curve acquisition unit 29, an interpolation coefficient generation unit 30, a curve interpolation calculation unit 31, and an output data buffer 32.
- the data write unit 21 is connected to the data conversion unit 400, and the operation control unit 22 is connected to the synchronization signal generation unit 800.
- the interpolation phase ⁇ input data coordinate calculation unit 23 is connected to the arithmetic control unit 22 and the control microcomputer 8 and the delay acquisition unit 24 is an interpolation phase ⁇ input data coordinate calculation unit 23 and the image memory 6 0 1 It is connected to the image distortion correction parameter one-to-one decoder 33.
- the interpolation coefficient generation unit 25 is connected to the image distortion correction parameter decoder 33, and the interpolation calculation unit 26 is connected to the cancellation acquisition unit 24 and the interpolation coefficient generation unit 25.
- the image memory 601 is connected to the data writing unit 21 and the data acquisition unit 24, and the image memory 600 is connected to the data interpolation calculation unit 26 and the data acquisition unit 29.
- the image distortion correction parameter decoder 3 3 is connected to the interpolation phase ⁇ input data coordinate calculation unit 23 and the data acquisition unit 24.
- the calculation control unit 27 is connected to the synchronization signal generation unit 800
- the interpolation phase ⁇ input data coordinate calculation unit 28 is connected to the calculation control unit 27 and the control microcomputer 8.
- the data acquisition unit 29 is connected to the interpolation phase ⁇ input data coordinate calculation unit 28, the image memory 620, and the image distortion correction parameter decoder 34.
- the interpolation coefficient generation unit 30 is an image distortion correction parameter It is connected to the evening decoder 34.
- the data interpolation calculation unit 31 is connected to the data acquisition unit 29 and the interpolation coefficient generation unit 30.
- the output data buffer 32 is connected to the data interpolation calculation unit 31 and the synchronization signal generation unit 800. .
- the output node of the output data buffer 32 is connected to the display system processing unit 1 3 0 0 and the recording unit 1 1 0 0.
- the image distortion correction parameter decoder 34 is connected to the interpolation phase / input data coordinate calculation unit 28.
- the horizontal one-dimensional interpolation unit 5 1 executes the one-dimensional interpolation calculation in the horizontal direction (X direction), and then the vertical one-dimensional interpolation unit 50 2 c here to perform a one-dimensional interpolation operation in the vertical direction (y-direction), the outline of the operation by the signal processing unit 1 0 will be described with reference to 3 a view through the 3 B FIG. In FIGS.
- the image data of each point of the output image is obtained using image data consisting of a total of 16 (4 ⁇ 4) arranged in each of the X and y directions.
- c and FIG. 3A are corrected in the X direction to form points B 1 to B 4 corresponding to the points B 1 to B 4 constituting the original image with distortion, respectively.
- FIG. 3B further shows that the image data of points b 1 to b 4 correspond to the points B 1 0 to B 4 0 by correction in the y direction.
- Image data of the point b3 is calculated by performing predetermined interpolation calculation on the image data in the above.
- the image data of points b 1, b 2 and b 4 are calculated corresponding to the points B I O, B 2 0 and B 4 0 respectively.
- the horizontal processing circuit 40 shown in FIG. 4 included in the data interpolation calculation unit 26 includes a line memory 900, four registers 901 connected in series to the output node of the line memory 900, and each register 901.
- Four multiplier circuits 920, which multiply the output data by the corresponding interpolation coefficient CHk (k 0 to 3), and four And an adder circuit 9 0 3 for adding the data obtained by the multiplier circuit 9 0 2.
- the one-dimensional interpolation calculation in the vertical direction as described above is realized by the circuit shown in FIG. 25 described later, which will be described in detail later.
- the image data input from the data conversion unit 400 to the horizontal one-dimensional interpolation unit 501 is supplied to the image memory 600 together with the writing control signal by the delay writing unit 21. It is written to the image memory 6 0 1 according to the write control signal.
- the data acquisition unit 24 supplies the read control signal to the image memory 601 for horizontal processing, thereby responding to the correction amount parameter X m for the X direction supplied from the image distortion correction parameter decoder 3 3.
- Image data aligned horizontally in the image memory 601 is acquired as data for interpolation.
- the data interpolation calculation unit 26 executes the one-dimensional interpolation calculation in the horizontal direction using the interpolation coefficient supplied from the interpolation coefficient generation unit 25 and the image memory for vertical processing 60 2 calculates the calculation result Store.
- the vertical one-dimensional interpolation unit 502 vertical processing is performed according to the correction amount parameter Y m for the y direction supplied from the image distortion correction parameter decoder 34 in the data acquisition unit 29.
- Image data aligned in the vertical direction is acquired from the image memory for image processing as data for interpolation.
- the data interpolation calculation unit 31 executes the one-dimensional interpolation operation in the vertical direction using the interpolation coefficient supplied from the interpolation coefficient generation unit 30, and the output data buffer 32 responds to the output synchronization signal. Output the calculation result.
- the interpolation operation performed by the horizontal one-dimensional interpolation unit 501 and the vertical one-dimensional interpolation unit 520 is regarded as a one-dimensional interpolation operation, It is possible to use a 4-tap filter such as one big interpolation or a filter of higher order number of taps.
- the one-dimensional interpolation calculation is realized by the simple circuit as described above, the calculation by the high-order tap filter, which is difficult in the two-dimensional interpolation calculation, can be easily realized, and a higher quality image can be obtained.
- a general pixel number conversion circuit or the like is a circuit that executes one-dimensional interpolation, the existing circuit may be shared for the above calculation.
- one-dimensional interpolation calculation in the horizontal direction is performed and then one-dimensional interpolation calculation in the vertical direction is performed
- one-dimensional interpolation calculation in the vertical direction is performed first.
- horizontal one-dimensional interpolation calculation may be performed.
- the image data output from the data conversion unit 400 is input to the vertical one-dimensional interpolation unit 502, and after the vertical one-dimensional interpolation operation is performed, the image memory for horizontal processing is temporarily processed. It is stored in 1. And.
- the image data stored in the image memory 601 is further subjected to a horizontal one-dimensional interpolation operation by a horizontal one-dimensional interpolation unit 501 to completely correct distortion and go outside the signal processing unit 10 t is output the arithmetic processing in not only applied to the data of one line, may be applied to each system with respect to color signals (RGB, YUV). Furthermore, when the interpolation calculation is performed on a moving image, the calculation may be performed in synchronization with the vertical synchronization signal.
- an imaging apparatus such as a video camera or a digital still camera often has a so-called optical zoom function or a camera shake correction function.
- the distortion characteristic of the lens fluctuates according to whether it is tele (zoom up) or id (zoom down). That is, generally, when the lens 200 moves in the wide direction, barrel distortion occurs in the image.
- tele zoom up
- id zoom down
- pincushion distortion occurs in the image.
- the correction parameter decoder 9 selects an optimum correction parameter according to the position of the lens. Specifically, the correction parameter decoder 9 receives information indicating the position of the lens 200 from the control microcomputer 8, and the compressed data P c supplied from the correction parameter encoder 5 is transmitted to the position.
- the decoding is performed according to the characteristics. Since only the decoded correction amount parameter is used for the interpolation operation, the amount of data used for the operation can be minimized, and as a result, the manufacturing cost can be reduced.
- the camera shake correction function will be described.
- a method of correcting image distortion due to camera shake there is a method of optically correcting the image by controlling the position of a lens or the like like an active prism method or an adaptive lens method, and an active image method.
- a method of electrically correcting the image signal obtained as in the Elia method by performing predetermined processing there is a method of electrically correcting the image signal obtained as in the Elia method by performing predetermined processing.
- the optical correction method is difficult to be realized by the image processing apparatus 2 according to the embodiment of the present invention, since the lens characteristic varies according to the position of the lens 200.
- the above-mentioned electrical correction method is realized by signal processing that cuts out a part (effective area) of an entire image based on the information on the camera shake position detected by an angular velocity sensor or the like.
- the correction parameter decoder 9 further receives information on the camera shake position from the control microcomputer 8 and selectively decodes the compressed data P c supplied from the correction parameter encoder 5 in accordance with the position information.
- the camera shake correction is realized.
- the correction parameter decoder 9 selectively selects the new lens 200 according to the new lens 200 or the like.
- the operation control unit 22 generates a control timing signal according to the internal synchronization signal supplied from the synchronization signal generation unit 800.
- the interpolation phase ⁇ input data coordinate calculation unit 23 operates according to the control timing signal supplied from the calculation control unit 22, and the image input to the signal processing unit 10 has no distortion. Coordinates of the interpolation point in the coordinate system with the decimal point.
- step S 1 the interpolation phase ⁇ input data coordinate calculation unit 23 is extracted as coordinates (X, y) on the image subjected to distortion correction and equal magnification conversion as shown in FIG. 7A.
- the upper left coordinates (SX, Sy) of the image CI are initialized, and the correction parameter request signal Rx is supplied to the image distortion correction parameter decoder 33.
- step S2 the image distortion correction parameter decoder 33 obtains the correction parameter request signal RX supplied and the correction amount parameter X m corresponding to the coordinates (S x, S y), and acquires the data.
- Supply to block 24 and interpolation coefficient generator 25 the interpolation coefficient generator 25.
- the image distortion correction parameter decoder 33 incorporates, for example, a ROM (Read On Memory), and stores in advance in the ROM a comparison table between the x coordinate and the correction amount parameter X m. You may do so, or the amount of correction
- the parameter X m may be approximated as a function of the x coordinate, and the correction amount parameter X m may be determined using this function, but this will be described in detail later.
- step S3 the distortion acquisition correct parameter-evening decoder 3 3 is acquired at the coordinates (X, Y) supplied from the interpolation phase and input coordinate-evening coordinate calculation unit 23. Add a correction amount vector (X m, 0) according to the correction amount parameter X m supplied from. From this, as shown in FIG. 7B, the coordinates (X + X m, Y) of the point corresponding to the above coordinates (X, Y) in the original image ⁇ I before correction, that is, the correction vector is obtained become. Note that instead of the data acquisition unit 24, the image distortion correction parameter decoder 33 determines the above correction vector according to the X coordinate supplied from the interpolation phase ⁇ input data coordinate calculation unit 23, and the correction vector It is also possible to supply the data acquisition unit 24 with data.
- the data acquisition unit 24 determines whether the integer value of the X coordinate has changed by adding X m. If it is determined that the integer has changed, the process proceeds to step S5, and it is determined that the change has not occurred. If it does, the process proceeds to step S6.
- step S5 the data acquisition unit 24 further determines whether the integer value has changed by 2 or more, and if it is determined that 2 or more has changed, the process proceeds to step S8, and only 1 has changed. If it is determined, the process proceeds to step S7.
- step S6 the same data for interpolation as that output in the previous cycle is read again from the data acquisition unit in response to the hold signal Sh supplied from the data acquisition unit 24 in step S6. 24 Supply to 4
- the data acquisition unit 24 generates the address of the data to be read out from the image memory 601 according to the integer value of the generated X component (X + X m) of the correction vector, and the read control signal Is supplied to the image memory 601 to acquire interpolation data according to the address.
- the image memory 601 sequentially outputs the interpolation data according to the address while incrementing the address from the top address one by one, and at the same time the hold signal Sh is supplied from the data acquisition unit 24. Temporarily stop the above increment.
- the image memory 601 may receive a read start address from the data acquisition unit 24 and output a predetermined number of continuous data with the read start address as the start address.
- the hold signal S h and the read start address are obtained from the integer component of the correction amount parameter X m output from the image distortion correction parameter decoder 33.
- the interpolation coefficient generation unit 25 treats the fractional component of the correction amount parameter Xm supplied from the image distortion correction parameter decoder 33 as the phase of the horizontal interpolation filter, and the interpolation coefficient is calculated according to the fractional component. Generate Such an operation is applied when the image 102 input to the signal processing unit 10 is an RGB format.
- the filter phase of the luminance signal Y can be treated in the same way as the filter phase of the RGB format, and for the chrominance signal C b ZC r, not only the fractional component of the correction amount parameter X m
- the integer component can also be used in combination to calculate the phase.
- step S7 the data interpolation calculation unit 26 performs a one-dimensional interpolation operation according to the interpolation data supplied from the data acquisition unit 24 and the interpolation coefficient, and the process proceeds to step S9.
- luminance data of eight pixels in the horizontal direction from the vicinity of the correction vector (X + X m, Y) D t is used as a deinterpolation signal, and an 8-tap interpolation operation is performed with the above fractional component as the phase, Note that the result obtained by the interpolation calculation is used as luminance data of an output image, etc., whereby horizontal distortion is corrected.
- step S8 the data acquisition unit 24 supplies the interpolation signal sk to the interpolation phase ⁇ input data coordinate calculation unit 23 and the image distortion correction parameter decoder 33 and the deviation interpolation calculation unit 26 ⁇ Stop the operation of the input data coordinate calculation unit 2 3, the image distortion correction parameter decoder 3 3 and the data interpolation calculation unit 2 6.
- step S5 if it is determined that the X coordinate has changed by 2 or more in step S5, this means that the center coordinate to be subjected to the interpolation calculation actually moves by 2 or more pixels. 0 Data output to 2 is interrupted.
- the fractional component (interpolation phase) of the correction amount parameter X m output from the image distortion correction parameter decoder 3 3 is until the next cycle. Since it is held, the operation of the image distortion correction parameter decoder 33 is stopped.
- step S13 the interpolation phase ⁇ input data coordinate calculation unit 2 3 adds the scaling parameter H a in the horizontal direction to the X coordinate, and the process proceeds to step S2.
- the scaling parameter H a is determined by the ratio of the length of the original image with distortion to the image after correction in the horizontal direction, and is smaller than 1 when the image is enlarged in the horizontal direction after correction. In the case of reduction, the value is greater than 1 and in the case of equal magnification, it is 1.
- the interpolation calculation unit 26 stores the obtained image data in an image memory 602 consisting of a vertical processing line buffer. Then, at step S10, the interpolation phase ⁇ input data coordinate calculation unit 23 outputs image data for one line based on the X coordinate at the current point, that is, the output horizontal pixel number HS for the image memory 62 to 2 To determine the data for one line If it is determined that it has been output, the process proceeds to step S11, and if it is determined that one line of data has not been output, the process proceeds to step S13. In step S11, the interpolation phase ⁇ input data coordinate calculation unit 23 sets the X coordinate to SX and adds 1 to the y coordinate.
- step S12 the interpolation phase ⁇ input data coordinate calculation unit 23 further outputs one frame worth of image data, ie, the number of output vertical lines, to the image memory 602 based on the y coordinate. If it is determined that one frame of data has been output, the operation ends. If it is determined that one frame of data has not been output, the process proceeds to step S13.
- the horizontal one-dimensional interpolation unit 501 performs horizontal one-dimensional interpolation on the original image with distortion to simultaneously perform horizontal image distortion correction processing and horizontal enlargement / reduction processing. Realize and store the obtained image in the image memory for vertical processing.
- FIG. 8 shows the conversion of the luminance signal
- FIG. 8 (a) shows the interpolation data D0 to D9 input to the signal processing unit 10
- FIG. 8 (b) and FIG. Fig. 8 (f) shows the correction amount parameter Xm
- Fig. 8 (c) and Fig. 8 (d) show the sampling positions and numbers of the data constituting the image after correction.
- Fig. 8 (e) shows the X coordinate (xt) supplied from the interpolation phase ⁇ input data coordinate calculation unit 23 to the image distortion correction parameter decoder 33
- Fig. 8 (g) shows the data acquisition unit 24.
- Fig. 8 (h) shows the address of interpolation data in the image before correction
- Fig. 8 (i) shows the interpolation phase.
- the correction amount parameter Xm of the dead point located at the point of the X coordinate of 2.0 is set to 1.25.
- the x coordinate of the corresponding point of the point in the image before correction is obtained as 3.25 by adding the correction amount parameter Xm to the 2.0.
- the integer component (3) of the X coordinate (3.25) indicates the address of the image in the image before correction, and 0.25 indicates the interpolation phase. Therefore, the luminance signal at the point with an X coordinate of 2.0 in the image after correction targets multiple consecutive data with three adjacent X addresses in the image before correction, and the phase of the horizontal interpolation filter is 0.25. It is determined by one-dimensional interpolation calculation.
- FIG. 9 is a timing diagram showing operation timing of the unit-magnification conversion shown in FIG.
- FIG. 9 (a) shows the internal synchronization signal supplied to the arithmetic control unit 22
- FIG. 9 (b) is a control timing signal generated by the arithmetic control unit 22
- FIG. (c) a read control signal
- FIG. 9 (d) interpolation data is input from the image memory 6 0 1 to the data acquisition unit 2 4 supplied from the data acquisition unit 24 to the image memory 6 0 1
- 9 Figure (e) shows the X coordinate (xt) supplied from the interpolation phase ⁇ input data coordinate calculation unit 23 to the image distortion correction parameter decoder 33.
- FIG. 9 (f) shows a correction amount parameter Xm outputted from the image distortion correction parameter decoder 33
- FIG. 9 (g) shows a correction parameter generated by the data acquisition unit 24
- 9 (h) is the address of the data for interpolation in the image before correction
- FIG. 9 (i) is the interpolation phase
- FIGS. 9 (j) and 9 (k) are the data acquisition units respectively.
- Fig. 9 (1) is 2-tap data read from the image memory 600.
- Fig. 9 (m) is the image from the data interpolation calculation unit 26
- FIG. 9 (n) shows an output enable signal generated internally by the data interpolation calculation unit 26.
- FIG. here, in order to simplify the explanation, in the interpolation operation to obtain one data, In this case, the 2-tap data shown in Figure 9 (1) shall be used.
- the X coordinate (x t) incremented by 1.0 is sequentially supplied to the image distortion correction parameter decoder 33.
- the image distortion correction parameter decoder 33 determines the corresponding correction amount parameter Xm, and thereafter, the data acquisition unit 24 generates FIG. 9 (g). Calculate the indicated correction parameters.
- the data acquisition unit 24 specifies, from the integer component of the correction parameter, the leading address of the interpolation data in the image before correction as 0.
- the acquisition unit 24 acquires the address 0 identified as described above together with the activated readout control signal. Supply to 6 0 1
- the image memory 601 sequentially outputs interpolation data to the data acquisition unit 24 sequentially from the data D0 corresponding to the leading address 0.
- the data acquisition unit 24 corrects the integer component of the correction parameter (8.75) generated at time T 4 one cycle earlier. Judge that it is the same as the integer component of parameter (8.25), and activate the hold signal Sh to high level at time T4. From this, as shown in FIG. 9 (1), at time T5, the data acquisition unit 24 acquires the interpolation data D 8 and D 9 of the same two taps as the previous cycle from the image memory 601.
- FIG. 10 shows an example of enlargement conversion by horizontal one-dimensional interpolation as in FIG. 8, and FIG. 11 shows an operation timing of the enlargement conversion in the same manner as FIG.
- Fig. 10 (e) the data from the evening number 2 to the vicinity of 6 is enlarged in the horizontal direction with the horizontal scaling parameter H a set to 0.5. Be done.
- FIG. 10 (b) shows the correction amount parameter Xm for 10 data of which the data numbers are from 0 to 9
- FIG. 10 (f) is the interpolation point by the enlargement. That is, the correction amount parameter Xm at 10 points at 0.5 intervals at X coordinates from 2.0 to 6.5 is shown.
- the integer component of the correction parameter does not change at time T 2, T 3, T 4, T 5, T 6.
- the hold signal Sh is activated to high level for one cycle at each time.
- the operation control unit 27 generates a control timing signal in accordance with the internal synchronization signal supplied from the synchronization signal generation unit 800.
- interpolation phase ⁇ input data The coordinate calculation unit 28 operates according to the control timing signal supplied from the calculation control unit 27 and coordinates of the interpolation point in the coordinate system when there is no distortion in the image input to the signal processing unit 10 Calculate with the decimal point.
- step S1 the interpolation phase ⁇ input data coordinate calculation unit 28 is used as coordinates (x, y) on the image subjected to distortion correction and equal magnification conversion as shown in FIG. 14A.
- the upper left coordinate (S x, S y) of the cut-out image CI is initially set, and the correction parameter request signal Ry is supplied to the image distortion correction parameter decoder 34.
- step S2 the image distortion correction parameter decoder 34 obtains a correction amount parameter Ym corresponding to the y coordinate according to the supplied correction parameter request signal Ry, and obtains the data acquisition unit 29 and the interpolation coefficient. Supply to generation unit 30.
- the image distortion correction parameter one-time decoder 34 incorporates, for example, a ROM (Read Only Memory) so that a comparison table between the y coordinate and the correction amount parameter Ym is stored in advance in the ROM.
- the correction amount parameter Ym may be approximated as a function having ay coordinate, and the correction amount parameter Ym may be obtained using the function, which will be described in detail later.
- step S 3 the distortion acquisition parameter decoder 34 supplies the coordinates (X, Y) supplied from the interpolation phase / input card coordinate calculation unit 28 to the coordinate acquisition unit 29. Add a correction amount vector (0, Ym) according to the corrected correction amount parameter Ym. From this, as shown in FIG. 14B, the coordinates (X, Y + Ym) of the point corresponding to the coordinates (X, Y) in the original image OI before correction, that is, the correction vector can be obtained. At this time, the data acquisition unit 2 9 generates an address of the circuit to be read out from the image memory 6 2 in accordance with the integer value of the y component (Y + Ym) of the generated correction vector. Image memory 600 is supplied.
- the image distortion correction parameter decoder 34 determines the above-mentioned correction vector according to the y-coordinate supplied from the interpolation phase and input coordinate calculation unit 28, and the correction vector It is also possible to supply Kukul to the data acquisition unit 29 and so on.
- step S4 according to the address supplied with the image memory for vertical processing 602, a plurality of data for interpolation simultaneously arranged in a plurality of lines in the vertical direction at the coordinate X are simultaneously acquired.
- the image memory 602 receives the top address to start reading from the data acquisition unit 29 and increments the address by 1 to sequentially output interpolation data according to the address, or Alternatively, a predetermined number of consecutive data are output from the received top address without incrementing the address.
- the head address is obtained from the integer component of the correction amount parameter Y m output from the image distortion correction parameter decoder 34.
- the interpolation coefficient generation unit 30 treats the fractional component of the correction amount parameter Y m supplied from the image distortion correction parameter decoder 34 as the phase of the vertical interpolation filter, and interpolates according to the fractional component Generate coefficients.
- step S5 the data interpolation calculation unit 31 executes a one-dimensional interpolation operation according to the interpolation data supplied from the data acquisition unit 29 and the interpolation coefficient.
- the above interpolation calculation is not applied only when the image 102 input to the signal processing unit 10 is RGB format, that is, in the case of YUV format, the vertical direction of the luminance signal and the color difference signal
- the filter phase of the luminance signal can also be used as the filter phase of the color difference signal if the data density at the same time is the same, and correction is performed if the deviation density differs
- the filter phase of the color difference signal is calculated.
- luminance data D t of eight pixels in the vertical direction from the vicinity of the correction vector (X, Y + Y m) is used as interpolation data.
- An 8-tap interpolation operation is performed with the above-mentioned fractional component as the phase.
- the result obtained by the interpolation operation is used as luminance data and color difference data of the output image, and vertical distortion is corrected from this.
- step S6 the output data buffer 32 outputs the image data obtained by the interpolation operation.
- step S7 the interpolation phase-input data coordinate calculation unit 23 determines whether image data of one line, that is, the output horizontal pixel number HS, has been output based on the current X coordinate, If it is determined that data for one line has been output, the process proceeds to step S8. If it is determined that data for one line is not output, the process proceeds to step S10.
- step S8 the interpolation phase ⁇ input data coordinate calculation unit 28 sets the X coordinate to S x and adds the scaling parameter V a in the vertical direction to the y coordinate.
- step S10 the horizontal scaling parameter H a is added to the X coordinate, and the process returns to step S2.
- the scaling parameter V a is determined by the ratio of the length of the original image with distortion to the image after correction in the vertical direction, and is smaller than 1 when the image is enlarged in the vertical direction after correction. It is a value, and conversely, it is considered as a value larger than 1 when it reduces, and 1 when it is equal.
- step S9 the interpolation phase ⁇ input data coordinate calculation unit 28 further outputs image data for one frame, ie, the number of vertical lines (number of vertical pixels) based on the y coordinate, from the output delay buffer 32 Determine whether or not 1 If it is determined that the data for the frame has been output, the operation is ended. If it is determined that the data for one frame has not been output, the process proceeds to step S10.
- the above-mentioned one-dimensional interpolation in the vertical direction does not involve interpolation of data in the horizontal direction or enlargement / reduction of the image, so every cycle in the horizontal scan shown in FIG. 14 A. Similar operations are repeated.
- the data acquisition unit 29 supplies the activated standby signal WT to the interpolation phase ⁇ input data coordinate calculation unit 28 and the image distortion correction parameter decoder 34, and the activation of the standby signal WT is performed.
- the operation of the interpolation phase ⁇ input data coordinate calculation unit 2 8 and the image distortion correction parameter decoder 3 4 is interrupted in a period.
- the vertical one-dimensional interpolation unit 520 performs vertical image distortion correction processing and vertical enlargement / reduction processing simultaneously by performing vertical one-dimensional interpolation calculation on the original image with distortion. Realize, generate and output a completely distorted image.
- FIG. 15 is a graph showing a conversion to a luminance signal, the horizontal axis indicates an X coordinate, and the vertical axis indicates a corrected y coordinate (Y + Y m).
- one point of y coordinates of 0 and X coordinates of from 0. 0 to 1 0. 0 indicates one point on the image after correction, and arrows correspond to the respective points.
- the interpolation phase is set to 1 as its fractional component 0.1.
- the preprocessing device 3 and the correction parameter decoder 9 shown in FIG. 1 will be described in detail. First, the outline of the operation of the preprocessing device 3 and the correction parameter decoder 9 will be described with reference to the flow chart shown in FIG.
- step S1 the correction parameter encoder 5 reads the correction amount vectors of all pixel points from the correction parameter derivation unit 6.
- step S2 the correction parameter generator 5 determines grid lines for dividing the correction amount vector of all the pixel points into sections. The determination of the grid lines will be described in detail later.
- step S3 the correction parameter encoder 5 compresses the correction amount vector of each section divided by the grid line and supplies it to the correction parameter decoder 9 as compressed data Pc, and In 4, the image pickup device 300 picks up an image. The compression of the correction amount vector will be described in detail later.
- step S5 the data conversion unit 400 converts the analog image signal generated by the imaging into a digital image signal.
- step S 6 the correction parameter decoder 9 determines a grid necessary for reading out the correction amount parameter data to the signal processing unit 10.
- step S 7 the coordinates supplied from the signal processing unit 10 are used as the grid. Normalize according to.
- step S 8 the correction parameter decoder 9 decodes the compressed data P c supplied from the correction parameter encoder 5 using the lattice, and the obtained correction amount parameter is processed by the signal processing unit 1. Supply to 0. Then, in step S9, the signal processing unit 10 performs interpolation calculation on the original image using the correction amount parameter.
- step S10 the control microcomputer 8 determines whether or not the input of the original image to the signal processing unit 10 is ended, and if it is determined that the operation is ended, the operation of the image processing apparatus 2 is performed. If it is determined that the input is not ended, the process returns to step S4.
- FIG. 17 is a block diagram showing the configuration of the correction parameter encoder 5 shown in FIG.
- the correction parameter encoder 5 includes a lattice division unit 11 and a parameter compression unit 12.
- the grid division unit 11 is connected to the user interface
- the parameter compression unit 12 is connected to the grid division unit 11 and the correction parameter derivation unit 6.
- FIGS. 18A to 18B to 23 the operation of the correction parameter encoder 5 will be described in detail with reference to FIGS. 18A to 18B to 23.
- the grid division unit 11 determines grid lines for dividing the image 12 obtained by the data conversion unit 400 into a plurality of regions. Then, the parameter compression unit 12 compresses the correction amount vector of the image using lattice points for each of the regions divided by such lattice lines, and complements the obtained compression curve P c. Supply to the normal parameter one-way decoder 9.
- the number of correction amount vectors to be held can be reduced by the correction parameter decoder 9, and the X and y directions are the same as in the case of holding correction amount vectors at all points.
- the correction vector can be divided and calculated, and high-speed interpolation can be realized.
- the image processing in the first quadrant Q 1 uses the X coordinate and / or the y coordinate, or both.
- the inversion can be applied as it is to image processing in other quadrants.
- the grid division determination method includes a method of equally dividing a predetermined area in the X direction and y direction (even division), a method of dividing the width of each lattice into a power of two (power division), and an optimum method. There is a method of dividing at the division position (optimal division).
- the grid division unit 1 1 receives from the user interface the signal L w specifying the grid division method and the signal L n specifying the number of grid divisions, and as shown in FIG. Divide the image 102 into the specified number of divisions using the lattice 50 according to the method.
- step S1 first, the scanning direction in image processing is determined as the X direction.
- step S3 a target point is set two pixels to the right of the reference point (origin), and all points between the reference point and the target point (one segment) are second-order polynomials (hereinafter referred to as “segment second Fitting with "polynomial”.
- step S4 the reference point is shifted to the target point, and a rightward search in the next section is performed.
- points XI, X 2 and X 3 shown in FIG. 21 B are sequentially determined by such a method, and the correction amount parameter X m (x) as a function of X is determined for each section. It is approximated by a quadratic polynomial.
- step S5 it is determined whether the target point is at the right end. If it is determined that it is the right end, the process proceeds to step S6, and if it is determined that the target point is not the right end, the process returns to step S3.
- step S6 a target point is set to the left of two pixels of the reference point with the data at the right end as a reference point, and the left direction search is executed in the same manner as the right direction search. Then, after a segment is determined by the cost calculation, the reference point is shifted to the target point in step S7, and a leftward search in the next segment is performed.
- the points X5 and X4 shown in FIG. 21C are sequentially determined by such a method, and the correction amount parameter X m (X) as a function of X is quadratically determined for each section. It is approximated by a polynomial.
- step S8 it is determined whether the target point is at the left end. If it is determined that it is the left end, the process proceeds to step S9, and if it is determined that it is not the left end, the process returns to step S6.
- step S9 as shown in FIG. 21D, the point obtained by the rightward search is compared with the point obtained by the leftward search, and the overall cost is minimized.
- step S10 it is determined whether or not the search direction of the division position is the X direction, and if it is determined that it is the X direction, the process proceeds to step S11 and the y direction is not the X direction. If it is determined that the operation is ended.
- step S11 the correction amount parameter of one line at the right end of the division target area is acquired, y dependency of the correction amount parameter is checked, and the process returns to step S3.
- the search operation is performed as in the X direction.
- the grid dividing unit 11 determines the dividing position in the X direction and the y direction, and determines the grid 50.
- the determined grid position is supplied to the parameter compression unit 12 as grid information L i.
- the parameter compression unit 12 shown in FIG. 17 holds only the correction amount vector at each grid point in accordance with the grid information L i supplied from the grid division unit 11. Then, as shown in FIG. 22A, the parameter compression unit 12 determines a line segment L2 that constitutes the lattice 50 as a processing target.
- the parameter compression unit 12 determines a line segment L2 that constitutes the lattice 50 as a processing target.
- X coordinates of both ends of line segment L 2 are X 0 and X 2
- correction amount parameters at these both ends are X m 0 and X m 2 respectively
- the relationship between the X coordinate and the correction amount parameter at each point of is shown, for example, as shown in FIG.
- the parameter compression unit 12 calculates and holds the coefficients C a, C b and C c for all line segments forming the lattice 50, and at the same time, compresses these coefficients C a, C b and C c as compressed data P Supply to correction parameter decoder 9 as c.
- FIG. 23 is a block diagram showing the configuration of the image distortion correction parameter decoder 33 for the X direction shown in FIG.
- the image distortion correction parameter decoder 33 has a distortion parameter buffer 61, a lattice determination unit 62, a normalization unit 63, a function conversion unit 64, and a plane interpolation unit. 6 5 including; where distortion parameter Isseki buffer 61 is connected to the control microcomputer 8 and the correction parameter menu Isseki encoder 5, the lattice determination section 6 2 and the normalized unit 6 3 and associated number converter 6 4 Both are connected to the distortion parameter buffer 61.
- the lattice determination unit 62 is connected to the signal processing unit 10, and the normalization unit 63 is connected to the lattice determination unit 62.
- the function conversion unit 64 is connected to the normalization unit 63, and the plane interpolation unit 65 is connected to the function conversion unit 64.
- the signal processing unit 1 0 is connected to the planar interpolation unit 65.
- the image distortion correction parameter decoder 33 having the above configuration decodes the compressed data P c supplied from the correction parameter encoder 5 and calculates the correction amount parameter in the X direction at each point on the screen. The operation is described in detail below.
- the image distortion correction parameter decoder 34 for the y direction shown in FIG. 2 has the same configuration as the image distortion correction parameter decoder 33 for the X direction, and the image distortion correction parameter decoder 3 Works in the same way as 3
- the distortion parameter buffer 61 has a compression parameter P c from the correction parameter encoder 5, grid position information L p indicating the position of the grid corresponding to the compressed data P c, and the width of the grid While inputting and storing lattice constant information L c consisting of inverse numbers, the control microcomputer 8 inputs a command signal C d.
- the grid determination unit 62 receives the X coordinate (xt) and the y coordinate (yt) of the point for which the corrected image is to be obtained from the signal processing unit 10 together with the correction parameter request signal Rx, and determines the grid frame including the point Do.
- the lattice determination unit 62 determines the lattice frame by comparing the supplied coordinates (x t, y t) with the lattice information L I supplied from the distortion parameter buffer 61.
- the normalization unit 63 executes a predetermined interpolation operation within the range of the grid frame determined by the grid determination unit 62, the coordinates (x t, y t)
- the coordinates of the four corners of the lattice frame including the coordinates (xt, yt) are (X 0, Y 0) and (X 0, Y 2), (X 2, Y) It is assumed that 0) and (X2, Y2).
- the values of 1 / (X 2-X 0) and 1 / (Y 2-Y 0) in the above equation (2) are calculated in the grid division unit 1 1 included in the correction parameter encoder 5 and
- the conversion unit 63 receives the value from the distortion parameter buffer 61 as lattice constant information L c. From this, coordinates (px, py) are calculated by performing multiplication using the above values in the normalization unit 63.
- the function conversion unit 64 corrects the correction amount parameters f (x) and g (x), m as a function of X or y. Find (y), and n (y).
- the function conversion unit 64 also receives the coefficients C a, C b and C c in each of the above four functions from the distortion parameter buffer 61 as coefficient information CL.
- the function conversion unit 64 obtains the correction amount parameter of the coordinates (xtyt) using the above four functions, but in order to secure the continuity of the functions in the X direction and the y direction, the four functions f and g , m, n are converted into approximate functions F, G, M, N in consideration of the weighting as shown in the following equation (3), for example.
- fa, fb and fc in the equation (3) indicate the coefficients corresponding to the above coefficients C a, C b and C c in the function f, and similarly, ga, gb and g c are ma, of the function g mb and mc show the function m, na, nb and nc show the coefficients of the function n, respectively.
- the function conversion unit 64 supplies the coordinates (px, py) supplied from the normalization unit 63 to the plane interpolation unit 65 as it is.
- the plane interpolation unit 65 uses the functions F, G, M, N obtained by the function conversion unit 64 and the information indicating the coordinates (px, py) to obtain the coordinates according to the following equation (4) Calculate the correction amount parameter Xm at (xt, yt).
- the plane interpolation unit 65 supplies the correction amount parameter Xm calculated by such a method to the signal processing unit 10 together with the enable signal EN indicating that the calculation operation of the parameter is completed. .
- the image distortion correction parameter decoder 34 for the y direction calculates the correction amount parameter Ym by the same method as described above, and supplies it to the signal processing unit 10 together with the enable signal EN.
- the above-mentioned functions f, g, m, and n forming a lattice frame may be approximated by an n-order polynomial (n is a natural number) in general, in addition to the approximation by the piecewise quadratic polynomial as described above.
- FIG. 25 is a diagram showing the configuration of the image memory 620, data acquisition unit 29 and data interpolation calculation unit 31 shown in FIG. Note that Figure 25 is The configuration in the case where the image processing device 2 generates the image data of each pixel by interpolation calculation using the image data of 16 pixels of (4 ⁇ 4) taps is shown.
- the image memory 602 is a selector 67, and five memories that are larger by one than the number of vertical taps, ie, A memory 7 1 and B memory 7 2, C memory 7 3, D
- the memory 7 4 and the E memory 7 5 are included
- the delay acquisition unit 2 9 is a control unit 80, an A buffer 81, a B buffer 82, a C buffer 83, a D buffer 84, an E buffer 85, It includes cycle division unit 56 2 and selectors 9 6 to 9 9.
- the cycle division unit 56 2 includes selectors 9 1 to 9 5.
- the data acquisition unit 29 includes five buffers (A buffer 81 to E buffer 85) and corresponding five selectors 91 to 95, each having one more than the number of vertical taps. It will include four selectors 9 6-9 9 which are the number of vertical taps.
- the delay interpolation calculation unit 31 includes four registers 901, a multiplication circuit 902, and an addition circuit 43.
- the selector 67 is connected to the data interpolation calculation unit 26 and the control unit 80, and the A memory 71, the B memory 72, the C memory 73, the D memory 74, and the E memory 75 are selectors 6 Connected to 7
- control unit 80 is connected to the image distortion correction parameter decoder 34, the Ano and the buffer 81 are connected to the A memory 71, and the B buffer 82 is connected to the B memory 72.
- C buffer 83 is connected to C memory 73, D buffer 84 is connected to D memory 74, and E buffer 85 is connected to E memory 75.
- selector 91 is connected to A buffer 81
- selector 92 is connected to B buffer 82
- selector 93 is connected to C buffer 83
- selector 94 is a D buffer 8 Connected to 4
- selector 9 5 is E Connected to buffer 85
- selectors 9 6-9 9 are connected to five selectors 9 1-9 5 respectively. The selectors 9 1 to 9 9 are respectively controlled by the control unit 80.
- selectors 901 to 9 are connected to the selectors 9 6 to 9 respectively, and multiplier circuits 902 are connected to the registers 9 0 1 respectively.
- the four multiplication circuits 9 0 2 are connected to one addition circuit 4 3.
- the data which has been subjected to the interpolation processing in the horizontal direction by the interpolation interpolation calculation unit 26 is written to the image memory 602 and, at the same time, acquired from the image memory 620 by the data acquisition unit 29. Since the interpolation processing in the vertical direction is applied to the obtained data, the image distortion correction is performed without causing a frame delay as a processing waiting time.
- data stored in A memory 71 is supplied to selector 91 via A buffer 81, and data stored in B memory 72 is supplied to selector 92 via B buffer 82. Ru.
- data stored in C memory 7 3 is supplied to selector 9 3 via C buffer 8 3
- data stored in D memory 7 4 is supplied to selector 9 4 via D buffer 8 4.
- the data stored in the E memory 75 is supplied to the selector 95 through the E buffer 85.
- each selector 9 1 to 9 5 included in cycle division unit 5 6 2 is controlled from A buffer 8 1 to E buffer 8 5 according to control by control unit 80. For example, data read out in units of two pixels is divided, and data for one pixel is supplied to selectors 9 6-9 9 per cycle.
- each selector 9 6-9 selectively outputs the data supplied from the selector 9 1-9 5 to the register 9 0 1 under the control of the control unit 80. From this, four data, which is the number of taps necessary for interpolation processing in the vertical direction, is selectively supplied to the data interpolation calculation unit 31.
- each data stored in register 901 is multiplied with interpolation coefficients C0 to C3 in each multiplier circuit 902, and the four products are added in addition circuit 43.
- interpolation calculation in the vertical direction is performed and supplied to the output delay buffer 32.
- FIG. 26 (a) to (d) image data for one frame is shown.
- FIG. 26 (a) when image data is input from time T1 to the signal processing unit 10, horizontal interpolation is performed by the horizontal one-dimensional interpolation unit 501 from time T2. Processing is applied. Then, as shown in FIG. 26 (c), the image subjected to the horizontal interpolation processing is stored at time T 2 and after-A memory 7 1 to E memory 7 contained in the image memory 6 0 2 Write to 5 sequentially.
- the data for vertical processing is read from the image memory 62 to the data acquisition unit 29 in the odd cycle, and the data subjected to horizontal processing from the interpolation calculation unit 26 in the even cycle is By writing to image memory 602, distortion correction processing with a two-cycle cycle is performed.
- the maximum distortion curve of the horizontal line in the image 102 is equal to the number of lines corresponding to the maximum distortion amount in the vertical direction D m X
- the delay time in the interpolation calculation is from time T1 to time T3, and it is not necessary to set the time (frame delay) in which horizontal interpolation processing is applied to one frame of data as the waiting time.
- Image distortion can be corrected in real time.
- the image memory 602 has the number obtained by adding the number of lines corresponding to the maximum distortion amount and the number of taps for vertical processing (for example, 4 taps) in the vertical direction, and to the signal processing unit 10 in the horizontal direction. It has a memory capacity to store data for the number of horizontal pixels of the input image.
- the five memories from A memory 1 to E memory 75 shown in FIG. 25 have the same capacity, for example, and the port width of each memory is 32 bits, for example.
- FIG. 28 shows a method for storing data in the area 102P of the image 102 into the image memory 602.
- “A” to “E” mean “A memory” 71 to “E memory” 75 shown in FIG. 25 respectively.
- the port width of each memory is 32 bits, and one pixel's worth of data is Y (brightness information) and C signals.
- the selector 67 sequentially stores the data from the A memory 71 to the E memory 75 in units of data for two pixels.
- the selector 67 first stores the data of the 0th line from 0 to 2 3rd pixel in the A memory 7 1, and then the 1st line from 0 to 2. 2 Store the data up to the 3rd pixel in B memory 72. Similarly, selector 6 7 stores data of 0 to 2 3rd pixel of 2nd line in C memory 7 3 and data of 0 to 2 3rd pixel of 3rd line to D memory 7 4 Store the data from 0 to 2 3rd pixel of the 4th line Is stored in E-memory 75. In the same manner, selector 67 sequentially stores the data for each line for each line from A memory 71 to E memory 75.
- data acquisition unit 29 has one more than the number of vertical taps.
- image data between two adjacent pixels in the horizontal direction is obtained. Has not moved more than two pixels in the vertical direction.
- the image data does not move at all in the vertical direction between horizontally adjacent pixels, or pattern 2 in FIG. 29B or FIG.
- the image data is moved by one pixel in the vertical direction as shown in pattern 3, as shown in FIG. 3A and FIG. 3B, the image data is vertically made between horizontally adjacent pixels. It does not move more than 2 pixels.
- filtering processing is performed using data of four pixels including three peripheral pixels I p vertically adjacent to the central pixel I c. Is executed.
- the five memories of the A memory 71 to the E memory 75 contained in the image memory 602 are assumed to have, for example, 32 bit ports, respectively.
- image data of 16 bits is output for two pixels through each port by one access. That is, as shown in FIG. 32, image data Ia 0 and I a 1 consisting of 16 bits are read out in units of 2 pixels from A memory 7 1 by one access, Image data I b 0 and I b 1 consisting of 16 bits are read out in units of 2 pixels from B memory 72, and image data I c 0 and I consisting of 16 bits each from C memory 73 cl is read out in units of 2 pixels.
- D memory 74 consists of 16 bits each The image data I d 0 and I d 1 are read out in units of two pixels, and the E memory 7 5 is read out of image data I e 0 and I e 1 each consisting of 16 bits in units of two pixels.
- FIGS. 29A to 29C By reading out the image data for two adjacent pixels by one more than the number of taps in the vertical direction, the change between adjacent pixels is shown in FIGS. 29A to 29C.
- the same process is performed in each row, whether it is from row 3 to row 3. That is, for example, as shown by the hatched portion in FIG. 32, the image data in four pixels arranged in the vertical direction from the pixel one pixel above the central pixel I c to the pixel two pixels below in each column is paired in each column.
- image data of two pixels adjacent in the horizontal direction are generated respectively.
- control unit 80 receives the y-coordinates of two central pixels I c in two horizontally adjacent rows from the image distortion correction parameter decoder 34, and selects the selector according to the difference of the y-coordinates.
- the image data shown by the hatched portion in FIG. 32 is selectively supplied to the data interpolation calculation unit 31 as a target of the filtering process.
- the image processing method according to the embodiment of the present invention includes: an image memory 6 0 2, a data acquisition unit 2 9, a data interpolation calculation unit 3 1 It is needless to say that the present invention can be applied to filtering processing other than four taps by changing the data input / output cycle to the image memory 602 with a configuration according to the number of taps. From the above, according to the image processing system according to the embodiment of the present invention, one-dimensional interpolation calculation is performed in the horizontal and vertical directions on the image with the optical distortion taken, and the correction vector becomes efficient.
- distortion of an original image can be corrected at low cost in real time, so high quality images can be easily obtained.
Abstract
Description
Claims
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US12/232,766 US7783129B2 (en) | 2002-08-20 | 2008-09-24 | Image processing apparatus, image processing system and image processing method |
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Cited By (1)
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US8385686B2 (en) * | 2003-10-29 | 2013-02-26 | Nikon Corporation | Image processing method based on partitioning of image data, image processing device based on partitioning image data and program |
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US7783129B2 (en) | 2010-08-24 |
US20090046179A1 (en) | 2009-02-19 |
JP4144292B2 (ja) | 2008-09-03 |
EP1549052A4 (en) | 2008-02-13 |
US7457478B2 (en) | 2008-11-25 |
US20060110050A1 (en) | 2006-05-25 |
EP1549052A1 (en) | 2005-06-29 |
JP2004080545A (ja) | 2004-03-11 |
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