WO2004001498A1 - 画像表示装置及び画像表示装置の製造方法 - Google Patents
画像表示装置及び画像表示装置の製造方法 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2004001498A1 WO2004001498A1 PCT/JP2003/007892 JP0307892W WO2004001498A1 WO 2004001498 A1 WO2004001498 A1 WO 2004001498A1 JP 0307892 W JP0307892 W JP 0307892W WO 2004001498 A1 WO2004001498 A1 WO 2004001498A1
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- image display
- display device
- particles
- transparent
- image
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
- G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour
- G02F1/165—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on translational movement of particles in a fluid under the influence of an applied field
- G02F1/1675—Constructional details
- G02F1/1677—Structural association of cells with optical devices, e.g. reflectors or illuminating devices
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
- G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour
- G02F1/165—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on translational movement of particles in a fluid under the influence of an applied field
- G02F1/1675—Constructional details
- G02F1/1679—Gaskets; Spacers; Sealing of cells; Filling or closing of cells
- G02F1/1681—Gaskets; Spacers; Sealing of cells; Filling or closing of cells having two or more microcells partitioned by walls, e.g. of microcup type
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
- G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour
- G02F1/165—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on translational movement of particles in a fluid under the influence of an applied field
- G02F1/166—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on translational movement of particles in a fluid under the influence of an applied field characterised by the electro-optical or magneto-optical effect
- G02F1/167—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on translational movement of particles in a fluid under the influence of an applied field characterised by the electro-optical or magneto-optical effect by electrophoresis
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
- G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour
- G02F1/165—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on translational movement of particles in a fluid under the influence of an applied field
- G02F1/166—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on translational movement of particles in a fluid under the influence of an applied field characterised by the electro-optical or magneto-optical effect
- G02F1/1671—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on translational movement of particles in a fluid under the influence of an applied field characterised by the electro-optical or magneto-optical effect involving dry toners
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
- G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour
- G02F1/165—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on translational movement of particles in a fluid under the influence of an applied field
- G02F1/1675—Constructional details
- G02F1/1676—Electrodes
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
- G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour
- G02F1/0102—Constructional details, not otherwise provided for in this subclass
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
- G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour
- G02F1/0102—Constructional details, not otherwise provided for in this subclass
- G02F1/0107—Gaskets, spacers or sealing of cells; Filling and closing of cells
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
- G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour
- G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
- G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
- G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
- G02F1/133377—Cells with plural compartments or having plurality of liquid crystal microcells partitioned by walls, e.g. one microcell per pixel
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
- G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour
- G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
- G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
- G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
- G02F1/1339—Gaskets; Spacers; Sealing of cells
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
- G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour
- G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
- G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
- G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
- G02F1/1345—Conductors connecting electrodes to cell terminals
- G02F1/13452—Conductors connecting driver circuitry and terminals of panels
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
- G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour
- G02F1/165—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on translational movement of particles in a fluid under the influence of an applied field
- G02F1/1675—Constructional details
- G02F2001/1678—Constructional details characterised by the composition or particle type
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F2201/00—Constructional arrangements not provided for in groups G02F1/00 - G02F7/00
- G02F2201/38—Anti-reflection arrangements
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F2202/00—Materials and properties
- G02F2202/02—Materials and properties organic material
- G02F2202/022—Materials and properties organic material polymeric
- G02F2202/023—Materials and properties organic material polymeric curable
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F2202/00—Materials and properties
- G02F2202/28—Adhesive materials or arrangements
Definitions
- the present invention relates to an image display device capable of repeatedly displaying and erasing an image in accordance with the movement of particles or the movement of a powder fluid by utilizing static electricity such as Coulomb force, and a method of manufacturing the image display device.
- an image display device that replaces a liquid crystal (LCD)
- a technology such as an electrophoresis method, an electrochromic method, a thermal method, and a two-color particle rotation method has been proposed.
- the electrophoresis method has a problem that the response speed is slow due to the viscous resistance of the liquid because the particles migrate in the liquid. Furthermore, since high-specific-gravity particles such as titanium oxide are dispersed in a low-specific-gravity solution, sedimentation is liable to occur, it is difficult to maintain the stability of the dispersed state, and the image repetition stability is poor. Even with microencapsulation, the cell size is at the microcapsule level, which apparently makes the above-mentioned drawbacks less likely to appear, but the essential problem has not been solved at all. Compared to electrophoresis method using A system in which the particles and the charge transport layer are incorporated into a part of the substrate has also been proposed (for example,
- Such a dry display panel is integrated with an optical function member having an anti-reflection function and a touch panel function, and is used for a bank ATM, a CD, a personal digital assistant, a mobile phone, a computer display, and the like.
- an optical function member having an anti-reflection function and a touch panel function
- At least one of two transparent substrates is filled with two or more types of particles or powders having different colors and charging characteristics, and each having a different potential.
- an image display device including an image display plate that displays an image by moving particles by Coulomb force or the like by applying an electric field to particles or powder fluid from a type of electrode.
- This image display device can display images with excellent stability by using a dry system with fast response performance, simple structure, and low cost.However, since particles or powder fluid are used for image display, It is difficult to seal the two substrates with an adhesive while particles or powder fluid are present between them, to eliminate the displacement between the substrates, and to prevent leakage of the particles or powder fluid. There was. Therefore, there was a problem that it was difficult to obtain an image display board having a high degree of image display; (Problem of the fourth invention). '
- an image display device that is inexpensive and has excellent stability.
- Two types of particles or powder fluids with different electric potentials and apply an electric field to the particles or powder fluid from two types of electrodes with different potentials to move the particles and display an image.One or more separated from each other by partition walls 2.
- An image display device including an image display plate having an image display element is known.
- an image display element is formed by disposing a partition between a transparent substrate and a counter substrate.
- the disposition of the partition is After the partition is positioned and arranged between the substrate and the counter substrate, a sealant is applied to the corner between the substrate and the partition. For this reason, the bonding between the substrate and the partition wall has sufficient strength when using a glass substrate as the transparent substrate or the opposing substrate, but sufficient bonding strength when using another transparent resin or the like. There was no problem. For this reason, the outflow of particles or powder fluid could not be completely eliminated (subject of the sixth invention). Disclosure of the invention
- the first embodiment of the first invention of the present invention relates to a new evening image display device which has been studied diligently in view of the above-mentioned circumstances, and is dry, fast in response, simple in structure, inexpensive and stable. It is an object of the present invention to efficiently manufacture an image display device having excellent performance, capable of mounting electrodes in a short time, and having excellent performance.
- the present inventors have conducted intensive studies in order to achieve the above object, and as a result, encapsulated at least one kind of particle group between two opposing substrates, at least one of which is transparent, and obtained two kinds of particles having different potentials.
- An image display device for displaying an image by applying an electric field from the electrode to the particle group to move the particles, wherein an anisotropic conductive film in which conductive particles are dispersed in an adhesive is used to connect the electrodes.
- the present inventors have found that an image display device having excellent performance can be efficiently manufactured, and have reached the present invention.
- the first embodiment of the first invention of the present invention provides the following image display device. It is.
- An image display device that seals at least one kind of particle group between two opposing substrates, at least one of which is transparent, applies an electric field to the particle group, moves the particles, and displays an image.
- An image display device comprising: a member for sending a signal to be applied to an image display circuit mounted on a substrate by an anisotropic conductive film.
- the surface charge density of the particles are above 1 or 2 5 ⁇ 1 5 O pCZm 2 in absolute value
- thermosetting adhesive or the photocurable adhesive contains one or more compounds having any one of a glycidyl group, an acryl group and a methacryl group.
- An example relates to a new type of dry-type image display device which has been intensively studied in view of the above-mentioned circumstances, and is inexpensive, stable, and excellent in a device that repeatedly displays images using static electricity.
- An object of the present invention is to efficiently manufacture an image display device having excellent performance in which electrodes and the like can be mounted in a short time.
- the present inventors have conducted intensive studies to achieve the above object, and as a result, have found that a powder fluid having both fluidity, which is a characteristic of a liquid, and a certain shape retention, which is a characteristic of a solid, is obtained. By using this, it is possible to obtain a completely new image display device that exhibits high response speed, is inexpensive, and achieves both improved stability and reduced drive voltage.In addition, a signal applied to a circuit to display an image is obtained. The present inventors have found that an image display device having excellent performance can be efficiently manufactured by attaching a member such as an electrode for sending the image to the substrate using an anisotropic conductive film, and arrived at the present invention.
- the second embodiment of the first invention of the present invention provides the following image display device.
- An image display device comprising: a member for sending a signal to be applied to an image display circuit, mounted on a substrate by an anisotropic conductive film.
- V 5 is the apparent volume of 5 minutes after the liquid powder from the maximum floating (cm 3),. Indicates the apparent volume (cm 3 ) of the powder fluid 10 minutes after the maximum suspension.
- thermo-light or photo-curable adhesive is glycidyl, acrylic or 7.
- the first embodiment of the second invention of the present invention relates to an image display apparatus using a dry-type electrostatic display panel, which has a simple structure, excellent power and stability, and a light capable of obtaining a clear image. It is an object of the present invention to provide an image display device integrated with a functional member.
- the present inventors have conducted intensive studies to achieve the above object, and as a result, encapsulated at least one type of particle group between two opposing substrates, at least one of which is transparent, and obtained two types of particles having different potentials.
- the image display plate and the optical function member are integrated via a transparent elastic layer, resulting in a simple structure and excellent stability.
- a clear image can be obtained, which has led to the present invention.
- the first embodiment of the second invention of the present invention provides the following image display device.
- At least one type of particle group is sealed between two opposing substrates, at least one of which is transparent, and a particle is moved by applying an electrostatic field to the particle group from two types of electrodes having different potentials.
- An image display device comprising: an image display plate for displaying; and an optical function member, wherein the image display plate and the optical function member are integrated via a transparent elastic layer. .
- the refractive index of the transparent conductive layer is n.
- the refractive index of the optical function member is ⁇ . If the refractive index of the transparent substrate of the image display panel was n 2, n.
- the absolute value of the difference between and and n. Each absolute value of the difference between n 2 is 0 and. 2 any of the view of the above 1 to 4 or less
- the transparent elastic layer has a stress relaxation characteristic of 25% at 25 ° C ( ⁇ ) of 5%, and the initial value of stress relaxation elasticity (after 0.05 seconds) is G. And G. There 6. 5 x 1 0 6 has a P a following relational expression obtained from the attenuation curve of the stress relaxation modulus stress relaxation modulus G and time t (sec),
- the second embodiment of the second invention of any one of the above 1 to 5 in which the stress relaxation time ⁇ force S 17 seconds or less calculated according to the second embodiment of the present invention is a new type of dry type
- the present invention relates to an image display device, and in a method for displaying an image repeatedly by using static electricity, an image which is inexpensive, has excellent stability, and can obtain a clear image by being integrated with an optical functional member. It is an object to provide a display device.
- the present inventors have conducted intensive studies in order to achieve the above object, and as a result, by using a powder fluid having both fluidity, which is a characteristic of a liquid, and a certain shape retention, which is a characteristic of a solid.
- a high-speed, high-speed, low-cost image display panel that achieves both improved stability and reduced drive voltage can be obtained.
- This image display panel and the optical functional member are integrated via a transparent elastic layer.
- the present inventors have found that a new image display device integrated with an optical functional member capable of obtaining a clear image can be obtained, and have reached the present invention. That is, the second embodiment of the second invention of the present invention provides the following image display device.
- An image display plate comprising: an optical function member; An image display device, wherein the optical function member and the optical function member are integrated with each other via a transparent elastic layer.
- V 5 is the apparent volume of 5 minutes after the liquid powder from the maximum floating (cm 3),. Indicates the apparent volume (cm 3 ) of the powder fluid 10 minutes after the maximum suspension.
- the refractive index of the transparent elastic layer is n.
- ⁇ is the refractive index of the optical function member
- ⁇ 2 is the refractive index of the transparent substrate of the image display panel.
- the strain ( ⁇ .) At 25% of the stress relaxation property is 5%, and the initial value of the stress relaxation modulus (after 0.05 seconds) is G. And G. Is less than 6.5 ⁇ 10 6 Pa, and the relational expression between the stress relaxation modulus G obtained from the stress relaxation modulus decay curve and the time t (second),
- the dry electrostatic image display device has a simple structure and a stable structure.
- the purpose of the present invention is to provide high contrast, high light transmittance, and a clear image.
- the present inventors have diligently aimed at achieving the above-mentioned object in a dry electrostatic image display device.
- one or more types of particles were sealed between two opposing substrates, at least one of which was transparent, and an electric field was applied to the particles from two types of electrodes having different potentials to generate the particles.
- an electric field was applied to the particles from two types of electrodes having different potentials to generate the particles.
- the first embodiment of the third invention of the present invention provides the following image display device.
- At least one type of particle group is sealed between two opposing substrates, at least one of which is transparent, and an electric field is applied to the group of particles from two types of electrodes having different potentials to move the particles to form an image.
- An image display device for displaying wherein an antireflection layer comprising a plurality of layers having different refractive indexes is provided on a surface of a transparent substrate.
- the antireflection layer is formed by laminating a low refractive layer formed by sputtering using conductive silicon carbide as a target and a high refractive layer formed by sputtering using conductive titanium oxide as a target.
- the second embodiment of the third invention of the present invention is a new
- the present invention relates to a dry image display device of the type, and in a method of repeatedly displaying an image by using static electricity, it has a simple structure, is inexpensive, has excellent stability, and further increases the light transmittance. It is an object of the present invention to provide an image display device that achieves high contrast and obtains a clearer image.
- the present inventors have conducted intensive studies to achieve the above object, and as a result, by using a powder fluid having both fluidity, which is a characteristic of a liquid, and a certain shape retention, which is a characteristic of a solid.
- An image display device that exhibits high response speed, is inexpensive, and has excellent stability is obtained. Also, by providing an anti-reflection layer on a transparent substrate, a clear image is obtained and visibility is improved. And arrived at the present invention.
- the second embodiment of the third invention of the present invention provides the following image display device.
- An image display device comprising: an antireflection layer comprising a plurality of layers having different refractive indices on a surface of a transparent substrate.
- V 5 is the apparent volume of 5 minutes after the liquid powder from the maximum floating (cm 3),. Indicates the apparent volume (cm 3 ) of the powder fluid 10 minutes after the maximum suspension.
- the antireflection layer is composed of a low-refractive layer formed by sputtering using conductive silicon carbide as a target, and a spacial reflection layer using conductive titanium oxide as a target.
- the high refractive layer formed by the ring is laminated on each other.
- An image display device according to any one of 1 to 4.
- the first embodiment of the fourth invention of the present invention is an image display device which is dry, has a fast response performance, has a simple structure, is inexpensive, and has excellent stability.There is no displacement between substrates and leakage of particles can be prevented.
- An object of the present invention is to provide an image display device including an image display plate capable of obtaining high image display accuracy.
- the image display device is characterized in that at least one of two transparent substrates facing each other is sealed with two or more kinds of particle groups having different colors and charging characteristics.
- An image display device comprising: an image display plate that displays an image by applying an electric field to the particle group from an electrode pair formed of electrodes provided on one or both of the substrates to move the particles. It is characterized in that the two substrates are connected using a thermosetting adhesive or a light-curing adhesive.
- two substrates specifically, a transparent substrate and a counter substrate are bonded with a thermosetting adhesive or a photocuring adhesive.
- a thermosetting adhesive or a photocuring adhesive By connecting using an adhesive, the two substrates can be set in place via the adhesive, and then the adhesive can be cured in a short time by irradiating heat or light. The displacement between the substrates and the leakage of particles can be eliminated. Thereby, high image display accuracy of the image display board can be realized.
- thermosetting adhesive or the photocuring adhesive in the image display device according to the first embodiment of the fourth invention of the present invention an adhesive containing at least one compound having a glycidyl group, an acrylic group, and a methacryl group is used. It is preferred to use agents.
- the particles in the image display device of the present invention preferably have an average particle diameter of 0.1 to 50 m. Further, the surface charge density of the particles is preferably 5 to 150 CZm 2 in absolute value. In addition, particles were placed at a distance of l mm from the surface Particles with a maximum surface potential greater than 300 V after 0.3 seconds when the surface is charged by applying a voltage of 8 KV to the corona discharger to generate corona discharge Is preferred.
- the second embodiment of the fourth invention of the present invention is an image display device which exhibits a high response speed, is inexpensive, and achieves both improved stability and reduced driving voltage.
- An object of the present invention is to provide an image display device including an image display plate capable of preventing fluid leakage and achieving high image display accuracy.
- the image display device is an aerosol in which a solid substance is stably suspended as a dispersoid in a gas between two opposed substrates at least one of which is transparent.
- An image display device comprising a plate, wherein two substrates of the image display plate are connected by using a thermosetting adhesive or a photosetting adhesive. is there.
- two substrates specifically, a transparent substrate and a counter substrate are bonded by a thermosetting adhesive or a photocuring adhesive.
- a thermosetting adhesive or a photocuring adhesive By connecting using an adhesive, the two substrates can be set at predetermined positions via an adhesive, and then the adhesive can be quickly stiffened by irradiating heat or light. In this way, the displacement between the substrates and the leakage of the powder fluid can be eliminated. Thereby, high image display accuracy of the image display plate can be realized.
- thermosetting adhesive or the photocuring adhesive in the image display device according to the second embodiment of the fourth invention of the present invention an adhesive containing at least one compound having a glycidyl group, an acrylic group, and a methacryl group is used. It is preferred to use agents.
- the powder fluid in the image display device of the present invention it is preferable that the apparent volume of the powder fluid at the time of maximum floating is at least twice as large as that at the time of non-floating. Also, the time change of the apparent volume of the powder fluid is V,. / V c > 0.8 (V 5 is the powder 5 minutes after the maximum suspension) The apparent volume of the fluid (cm 3 ),. Indicates the apparent volume (cm 3 ) of the powder fluid 10 minutes after the maximum suspension.) Further, it is preferable that the average particle diameter d (0.5) of the particulate matter constituting the powder fluid is 0.1 to 20 m.
- the first embodiment of the fifth invention of the present invention solves the above-mentioned problems, and provides a dry-type, fast-response, simple-structure, inexpensive, and excellent stability image display device. It is an object of the present invention to provide an image display device that can be enlarged and can easily handle particles during manufacturing.
- the image display device is characterized in that two types of particles having different colors and different charging characteristics are sealed between opposed substrates, at least one of which is transparent.
- An image display device including an image display plate that displays an image by moving particles and applying an electric field to a particle group from an electrode, the image display device having one or more image display elements separated from each other by partition walls, The shape is characterized in that the bottom width wb on the counter substrate side is larger than the head width wt on the transparent electrode side.
- the shape of the partition wall is such that the bottom width wb on the counter substrate side is larger than the head width wt on the transparent electrode side, so that the partition wall portion in contact with the transparent substrate can be reduced.
- the display area can be increased and the particles remaining on the head of the partition can be reduced when the particles are filled in the image display device surrounded by the partition, making it easier to handle the particles during manufacturing. can do.
- the ratio wt Zwb of the bottom width wb on the counter substrate side to the head width wt on the transparent substrate side is 0.5 or less, and the average particle size of the particles is The diameter is 0.; ⁇ 50 m, and the absolute value of the difference between the surface charge densities of the two types of particles measured by the blow-off method using the same type of carrier is 5 CZ m 2 to l 5 0 it is C / m 2, when the particles are, the corona discharger disposed at a distance of the surface and 1 mm, and by generating corona discharge by applying a voltage of 8 KV to charge the front surface
- the maximum value of the surface potential after 0.3 seconds is greater than 300 V, and that the two types of particles are white and black.
- the image display device of the present invention can be more suitably obtained.
- the second embodiment of the fifth invention of the present invention solves the above-mentioned problems, and provides a dry-type, fast-response, simple-structure, inexpensive, and excellent stability image display device. It is an object of the present invention to provide an image display device that can be enlarged and that can easily handle powder fluid during manufacturing.
- the image display device has a high aerosol state in which a solid substance is stably suspended as a dispersoid in a gas between at least two opposing transparent substrates.
- An image display device comprising an image display plate for enclosing a powdery fluid exhibiting fluidity, applying an electric field to the powdery fluid from an electrode pair composed of electrodes having different potentials, moving the powdery fluid, and displaying an image.
- the partition wall shape is such that the bottom width wb of the opposing substrate side is larger than the head width wt of the transparent substrate side. is there.
- the shape of the partition wall is such that the bottom width wb on the counter substrate side is larger than the head width wt on the transparent substrate side, so that the partition wall portion in contact with the transparent substrate can be reduced.
- the display area can be enlarged, and when filling the inside of the image display device surrounded by the partition wall, the powder liquid remaining on the head of the partition wall can be reduced, and the handling of the powder liquid during manufacturing is simplified.
- the ratio wt Zwb of the bottom width wb on the counter substrate side to the head width wt on the transparent substrate side is 0.5 or less, and the maximum it apparent volume during the floating is two times or more when not floating, that the time change of the apparent body product of the liquid powders are intended to satisfy the following equation, V 1 0 / V 5> 0. 8, ( Note, V 5 indicates the apparent volume (cm 3 ) of the powder fluid 5 minutes after the maximum suspension, and indicates the apparent volume (cm 3 ) of the powder fluid 10 minutes after the maximum suspension.), And the powder fluid fluid
- the average particle diameter d (0.5) of the particulate matter composing of the formula (1) is from 0 :!
- the first embodiment of the sixth invention of the present invention solves the above-described problems and provides a dry response speed.
- a method of manufacturing an image display device that is fast, has a simple structure, is inexpensive, and has excellent stability, it is possible to keep the bonding strength between the partition and the substrate high, and to display an image without particles coming out. It is intended to provide a method of manufacturing the device.
- the method for manufacturing an image display device comprises the steps of enclosing two types of particle groups having different colors and charging characteristics between two opposing substrates, at least one of which is transparent;
- An image display device comprising an image display plate having one or more image display elements separated from each other by partition walls, which applies an electric field to a particle group from two types of electrodes having different potentials to move particles and display an image.
- a manufacturing method wherein a partition is formed on one or both of the transparent substrate and the opposing substrate, an adhesive is provided at a tip of the partition, and the partition and the other substrate or the partition are bonded via an adhesive. It is a feature.
- a partition is formed on one or both of the transparent substrate and the counter substrate, an adhesive is provided at the tip of the partition, and the partition and the other substrate or the partition are bonded via an adhesive.
- bonding bonding between the partition walls and the substrate or between the partition walls can be firmly performed, and the particles can be almost completely sealed.
- the average particle diameter of the particles is 0.1 to 50 m, and two types of particles measured by a blow-off method using the same type of carrier.
- the method for manufacturing an image display device of the present invention can be more suitably implemented. Further, the image display device according to the first embodiment of the sixth invention of the present invention is characterized in that it is manufactured according to the above-described method for manufacturing an image display device.
- the second embodiment of the sixth invention of the present invention solves the above-mentioned problems and provides a method of manufacturing an image display device which is dry, has a fast response speed, has a simple structure, is inexpensive, and has excellent stability.
- it is intended to provide a method of manufacturing an image display device which can maintain a high bonding strength between a partition wall and a substrate, and which does not allow powder fluid to go outside, and an image display device manufactured by the method. is there.
- the method for manufacturing an image display device is an aerosol in which a solid substance is stably suspended as a dispersoid in a gas between at least two opposing transparent substrates.
- a powder fluid showing high fluidity in the state is sealed, an electric field is applied to the powder fluid from an electrode pair composed of electrodes having different electric potentials, and the powder fluid is moved to display an image.
- a method of manufacturing an image display device including an image display plate having one or more image display elements comprising: forming a partition on one or both of the transparent substrate and the counter substrate; providing an adhesive at a tip of the partition; It is characterized in that the other substrate or the partition is joined to each other via an adhesive.
- a partition is formed on one or both of the transparent substrate and the counter substrate, an adhesive is provided at the tip of the partition, and the partition and the other substrate or the partition are connected via an adhesive.
- the joining between the partition walls and the substrate or the joining between the partitions can be performed firmly, and the sealing of the powder fluid can be performed almost completely.
- the apparent volume of the powder fluid at the time of maximum floating is twice or more of that at the time of non-floating, and the time change of the apparent volume of the powder fluid satisfies the following formula: it is intended, V 1 0 / V 5> 0.
- V 5 is the maximum apparent volume of the floating 5 minutes after the liquid powders from the time (cm 3), V 1 0 1 from the maximum floating 0 The apparent volume (cm 3 ) of the powder fluid after a minute is shown.), And the average particle diameter d (0.5) of the particulate matter constituting the powder fluid is 0. 220 / m.
- the method for manufacturing an image display device of the present invention can be more suitably implemented.
- an image display device according to a second embodiment of the sixth invention of the present invention is characterized in that it is manufactured according to the above-described method for manufacturing an image display device.
- the "powder fluid” in the present invention is a substance in an intermediate state between a fluid and a particle, which exhibits fluidity by itself without using the power of gas or liquid.
- a liquid crystal is defined as an intermediate phase between a liquid and a solid, and has fluidity, which is a characteristic of liquid, and anisotropy (optical properties), which is a characteristic of solid (Heibonsha: Encyclopedia) .
- anisotropy optical properties
- the definition of a particle is an object having a finite mass even if it is negligible, and is said to be affected by gravity (Maruzen: Encyclopedia of Physics).
- particles also have a special state of gas-solid fluidized bed or liquid-solid fluid, and when gas flows from the bottom plate to the particles, an upward force acts on the particles corresponding to the velocity of the gas.
- a fluid that can move easily like a fluid is called a gas-solid fluidized bed
- a fluidized fluid is also called a liquid-solid fluid ( Heibonsha: Encyclopedia).
- the gas-solid fluidized bed and the liquid-solid fluid are in a state utilizing the flow of gas or liquid.
- a substance in a state of exhibiting fluidity can be specifically produced without using the power of such a gas or the power of a liquid, and this is defined as a powder fluid.
- the powder fluid in the present invention is in an intermediate state having both the characteristics of particles and liquid, as in the definition of liquid crystal (intermediate phase between liquid and solid), and has the gravitational force which is a feature of the particles described above.
- It is a substance that exhibits a unique state of high fluidity that is extremely unlikely to be affected by water.
- Such a substance can be obtained in an aerosol state, that is, a dispersion system in which a solid or liquid substance is stably suspended as a dispersoid in a gas, and the solid substance is regarded as a dispersoid by the image display device of the present invention. Is what you do.
- FIG. 1 is an explanatory diagram showing an example of a display method of an image display plate in an image display device of the present invention.
- FIG. 2 is an explanatory diagram showing another example of the display method of the image display plate in the image display device of the present invention.
- FIG. 3 is an explanatory diagram showing a structure of an example of an image display plate in the image display device of the present invention.
- FIG. 4 is an explanatory view showing still another example of the display method in the image display device of the present invention. is there.
- FIG. 5 is an explanatory diagram showing still another example of the display method in the image display device of the present invention.
- FIG. 6 is an explanatory view showing the structure of another example of the image display device of the present invention.
- FIGS. 7A to 7C are diagrams showing still another example of the configuration of the image display element of the image display panel constituting the image display device of the present invention and the display driving principle thereof.
- FIG. 8 is a diagram showing a configuration of still another example of the image display element of the image display plate included in the image display device.
- FIG. 9 is a diagram showing an example of the shape of the partition wall in the image display device of the present invention.
- FIG. 10 is a diagram showing a procedure for measuring the surface potential of particles used in the image display device of the present invention.
- FIG. 11 is an explanatory diagram showing the relationship between the applied voltage and the reflection density in the evaluation of the display function of the image display device of the present invention.
- FIG. 12 is a diagram showing the optical performance of the antireflection layer produced in the example.
- FIGS. 13 (a) to 13 (c) are diagrams showing a connection process between substrates in the image display device of the present invention.
- FIGS. 14 (a) to 14 (c) are explanatory diagrams each showing an example of a display element in the image display device of the present invention and a display operation principle thereof.
- FIGS. 15 (a) and 15 (b) are longitudinal sectional views each showing an example of the shape of the partition wall used in the image display device of the present invention.
- FIG. 16 is an explanatory diagram showing another example of the display element in the image display device of the present invention, in which the display electrode is disposed on a transparent substrate and the counter electrode is disposed on the counter substrate.
- FIG. 17 is a view for explaining one method of forming a partition in the image display device of the present invention.
- FIG. 18 illustrates another method of forming a partition in the image display device of the present invention.
- FIG. 19 is a view for explaining one method of forming a partition in the image display device of the comparative example.
- FIG. 20 is a diagram showing an example of a method for manufacturing a partition for forming an image display element in the method for manufacturing an image display device of the present invention.
- FIG. 21 is a diagram showing another example of a method for manufacturing a partition for forming an image display element in the method for manufacturing an image display device of the present invention.
- FIG. 22 is a view for explaining one method of forming a partition in the image display device of the present invention.
- FIG. 23 is a view for explaining another method of forming a partition in the image display device of the present invention.
- FIG. 24 is a view for explaining one method of forming a partition in the image display device of the comparative example.
- first to sixth inventions there is a first embodiment and a second embodiment.
- the first embodiment is an example of particles
- the second embodiment is a powder fluid. Is shown.
- one or more types of particles 6 are sealed between the transparent substrate 1 and the opposing substrate 2, and two types having different potentials are used.
- An electric field is applied to the particles 5 and 6 from the electrodes 3 and 4 to move the particles 5 and 6 and display an image.
- the forces applied to the particles 5 and 6 can be considered as a force attracting each other due to the Coulomb force between the particles, an electric image force with the electrode plate, an intermolecular force, a liquid bridging force, and gravity.
- This image display is based on a display method by moving two or more types of particles with different colors in a direction perpendicular to the substrate as shown in Fig. 1 and a type of particle with one type of particles as shown in Fig. 2
- FIG. 3 is an explanatory view showing the structure of the image display device according to the first embodiment in each example of the present invention.
- the image display device is formed by the opposing substrate 1, the substrate 2, and the particles 5, 6, and the partition 7 is provided as necessary. Provided.
- the second embodiment using the powdered fluid for image display in the image display device of the present invention as in the second embodiment using the particles, as shown in FIG. It can be applied to both the display method in which 6 moves vertically with substrates 1 and 2 and the display method in which powder fluid 6 of one color moves in the direction parallel to substrates 1 and 2 as shown in Fig. 5.
- the former method is preferable from the viewpoint of stability.
- FIG. 6 is an explanatory view showing a structural example of an image display device according to a second embodiment in each example of the present invention. That is, the image display device of the present invention is formed by the opposing substrate 1 and substrate 2, powder fluids 5 and 6 between these substrates, and partition walls 7 provided as needed.
- FIGS. 7A to 7C are diagrams showing still another example of the configuration of the image display element of the image display plate constituting the image display device of the present invention and the display driving principle.
- 1 is a transparent substrate
- 2 is a counter substrate
- 3 is a display electrode
- 4 is a counter electrode
- 5 is negatively chargeable particles
- 6 is positively chargeable particles
- 7 is The bulkhead
- 8 is an insulator.
- FIG. 7 (a) shows a state in which negatively-chargeable particles 5 and positively-chargeable particles 6 are arranged between opposing substrates (transparent substrate 1 and opposing substrate 2).
- the positively charged particles 6 are displayed by Coulomb force as shown in Fig. 7 (b).
- the particles move to the electrode 3 side, and the negatively-chargeable particles 5 move to the counter electrode 4 side.
- the display surface viewed from the transparent substrate 1 side looks like the color of the positively-chargeable particles 6.
- a voltage is applied so that the display electrode 3 side has a high potential and the counter electrode 4 side has a low potential.
- the negatively-chargeable particles 5 move toward the display electrode 3 and the positively-chargeable particles 6 move toward the counter electrode 4 due to the Coulomb force.
- the display surface viewed from the transparent substrate 1 side looks like the color of the negatively-chargeable particles 5.
- the display can be repeated between Fig. 7 (b) and Fig. 7 (c) simply by inverting the power supply potential. In this way, the color can be reversibly changed by reversing the power supply potential. it can.
- the color of the particles can be chosen at will. For example, if the negatively chargeable particles 5 are white and the positively chargeable particles 6 are black, or the negatively chargeable particles 5 are black and the positively chargeable particles 6 are white, the display is reversible between white and black. Display. In this method, each particle is once adhered to the electrode by the image force, so that the displayed image is retained for a long time even after the power is turned off, and the memory retention is good.
- the response speed of image display is high, and the response speed can be reduced to lmsec or less.
- the structure is simple, low cost and a large area are possible. It is stable against temperature changes and can be used from low to high temperatures. In addition, there is no viewing angle, high reflectivity, and it is easy to see even in bright reflective areas and consumes low power. It has memory properties and does not consume power when storing images.
- FIG. 8 is a diagram showing the configuration of still another example of the 'image display element' of the image display plate constituting the image display device of the present invention.
- the display electrode 3 is provided on the transparent substrate 1 and the counter electrode 4 is provided on the opposing substrate 2.
- a transparent electrode is required as the display electrode 3.
- an opaque electrode can be used as the display electrode 3, so that an inexpensive and low-resistance metal electrode such as copper or aluminum can be used. It is advantageous.
- FIGS. 7 (a) to 7 (c) and FIG. 8 described above use particles, but the same applies to the use of powder fluid.
- the substrate As for the substrate, at least one of the substrates is a transparent substrate 1 in which the color of the particles can be confirmed from the outside of the apparatus, and a material having high visible light transmittance and good heat resistance is preferable.
- the opposite substrate 2 may be transparent or opaque.
- the substrate is flexible is appropriately selected depending on the application. For example, flexible materials for applications such as electronic paper, and flexible applications for applications such as mobile phones, PDAs, and portable devices such as notebook computers. Materials without lacquer are preferred.
- the substrate material include a polymer sheet such as polyethylene terephthalate, polyester sulfone, polyethylene, polycarbonate, polyimide, and acrylic; and an inorganic sheet such as glass and quartz. Substrate thickness is 2 ⁇ !
- 5500 ⁇ is preferable, and 5-100 ⁇ is particularly preferable. If it is too thin, it is difficult to maintain the strength and the uniformity between the substrates, and if it is too thick, the sharpness as a display function, A decrease in contrast occurs, particularly in the case of electronic paper applications, which lacks flexibility.
- the image display device of the present invention there are a case where no electrode is provided on the substrate and a case where the electrode is provided.
- an electrostatic latent image is applied to the outer surface of the substrate, and a colored particle group or powder fluid charged to a predetermined potential is applied to the substrate by an electric field generated according to the electrostatic latent image.
- a group of particles or powder fluid arranged corresponding to the electrostatic latent image is visually recognized from the outside of the display device through the transparent substrate.
- the electrostatic latent image is formed by a method of transferring and forming an electrostatic latent image on a substrate by using an electrophotographic photosensitive member in a normal electrophotographic system, or by directly forming an electrostatic latent image by ion flow. And other methods.
- the display method is as follows: due to an external voltage input to the electrode site, an electric field generated at each electrode position on the substrate attracts or repels a particle group or powder fluid of a color charged to a predetermined characteristic. Particles or powdered fluid arranged according to the electrode potential are visually recognized from outside the display device through a transparent substrate.
- the electrodes at this time are formed of a transparent and pattern-forming conductive material, and the electrode thickness may be 3 to 100 nm, preferably 5 to 100 nm, as long as the conductivity can be ensured and the light transmittance is not hindered. ⁇ 40 O nm is preferred. In this case, DC or AC may be superimposed on the external voltage input.
- partition walls 7 as shown in the respective drawings are provided on four circumferences of each display element.
- Partition walls may be provided in two parallel directions. This can prevent extra particles from moving in the direction parallel to the substrate, assist in endurance repeatability and memory retention, and can evenly and reinforce the spacing between the substrates to increase the strength of the image display panel. That is, in the image display device of the present invention, in order to prevent extra movement of particles or liquid powder in the direction parallel to the substrate, a partition connecting the opposing substrates is formed, and the display unit is configured by a plurality of display cells. preferable.
- the shape of the partition walls 7 is appropriately set as appropriate according to the particles or powder fluid involved in the display, and is not particularly limited, but the width of the partition walls is adjusted to 1 to 10 Opm, preferably 2 to 50 ⁇ m. Is adjusted to 10 ⁇ 5005 ⁇ , preferably 10 ⁇ 500 0 ⁇ .
- a two-rib method in which a rib is formed on each of the opposing substrates and then bonding, and a one-rib method in which the rib is formed only on one substrate are conceivable.
- the display cells formed by the rib-shaped partitions have a square, triangular, line, circular, or hexagonal (82 cam structure) shape as viewed from the plane of the substrate.
- the method for forming the barrier ribs 7 is not particularly limited.
- a screen printing method in which a paste is applied to a predetermined position using a screen plate, or a desired method on a substrate is used. After applying the thickness of the partition wall material, apply the resist pattern on the partition wall material only to the part that you want to leave as the partition wall, and then spray the blast material to cut and remove the partition wall material other than the partition wall.
- a lift-off method additive method in which a resist pattern is formed on the substrate using a photosensitive resin and the resist is removed after embedding the paste in the resist concave portion, or a photosensitive resin containing a partition wall material on the substrate.
- the composition is applied, and a photosensitive paste method for obtaining a desired pattern by exposure and development, or a paste containing a partition material is applied on the substrate, and then a mold having irregularities is pressed and molded by pressure.
- a photosensitive paste method for obtaining a desired pattern by exposure and development, or a paste containing a partition material is applied on the substrate, and then a mold having irregularities is pressed and molded by pressure.
- Various methods are adopted, such as a ⁇ molding method for forming a partition wall.
- a relief molding method using a relief pattern provided by a photosensitive resin composition as a mold is also applied by applying a mold molding method.
- the particles used for display in the first embodiment of the image display device of the present invention may be negatively or positively charged colored particles, which may be any as long as they move by Coulomb force. Particles having a small particle size are preferred.
- the particles are of a single color, and white or black particles are preferably used.
- the average particle diameter of the particles is preferably from 0.1 to 50 m, particularly preferably from 1 to 30 m. If the particle size is smaller than this range, the charge density of the particles is too large and the image force on the electrode or the substrate is too strong, and the memory property is good, but the followability when the electric field is reversed is deteriorated. On the other hand, if the particle size is larger than this range, the followability is good, but the memory consistency is deteriorated.
- the method for charging the particles negatively or positively is not particularly limited, and a method for charging the particles such as a corona discharge method, an electrode injection method, and a friction method is used.
- the charge amount of particles naturally depends on the measurement conditions, but the charge amount of particles in an image display device almost depends on the initial charge amount, contact with the substrate, contact with different types of particles, and charge decay over time.
- the "contact with different types of particles" that is, the saturation value of the charging behavior associated with the contact between two particles is the controlling factor. Therefore, in terms of charge, it is necessary to know the difference in charge characteristics between these two particles, that is, the difference in work function. Is important, but this is difficult with simple measurements.
- the present inventors have found that the same carrier can be used in the blow-off method, and the relative charge can be evaluated by measuring the charge amount of each particle. It has been found that the charge amount of particles suitable for a display device can be predicted.
- the charge amount per unit weight of the particles can be measured by bringing the particles and the carrier particles into sufficient contact by a blow-off method and measuring the saturation charge amount. Then, the surface charge density of the particles can be calculated by separately calculating the particle diameter and the specific gravity of the particles.
- the particle size of the particles used is small and the influence of gravity is so small that it can be ignored, so that the specific gravity of the particles does not affect the movement of the particles.
- the average charge per unit weight is the same for particles of the same particle size, the amount of charge retained will differ by a factor of two if the specific gravity of the particles is twice as large. . Therefore, it was found that it is preferable to evaluate the charging characteristics of the particles used in the image display device based on the surface charge density (unit: C / m 2 ) independent of the specific gravity of the particles.
- the two types of particles maintain different amounts of charge due to contact with each other, and retain the function of moving by an electric field.
- the surface charge density needs a certain difference in order to make the charging characteristics of the two particles different, but it is not that the larger the larger, the better.
- the electric image force tends to mainly determine the flying electric field (voltage) of the particle.
- the particle diameter of the particles is small, non-electrical forces such as intermolecular force and liquid bridging force often determine the flying electric field (voltage). Therefore, the higher the charge amount, the better.
- the present inventors found that for particles having an average particle size of 0.1-50 ⁇ , the absolute value of the difference in surface charge density between the two types of particles measured by the blow-off method using the same type of carrier was 5%. It has been found that particles with n C / m 2 to l 50 ii C / m 2 can be used as an image display device.
- the principle and method of the blow-off measurement are as follows.
- a mixture of powder and carrier is placed in a cylindrical container having a mesh at both ends, high-pressure gas is blown from one end to separate the powder and the carrier, and only the powder is passed through the mesh opening.
- a charge density per unit surface area (unit: C / m2) is used by using a TB-200 manufactured by Toshiba Chemical Co., Ltd. 2 ) was measured.
- insulating particles having a volume resistivity of 1 ⁇ 1 ⁇ 10 ⁇ ⁇ cm or more are preferable, and insulating particles having a volume resistivity of 1 ⁇ 10 12 ⁇ ⁇ cm or more are particularly preferable.
- the particles in the image display device of the present invention are more preferably particles having a low charge decay property evaluated by the method described below. That is, the particles are separately formed into a film having a thickness of 5 to 100 m by pressing, heating, melting, casting, or the like, and a corona discharger arranged at a distance of 1 mm from the film surface is applied to the 8 KV. The voltage is applied to generate corona discharge to charge the surface, and the change in the surface potential is measured and judged.
- the material constituting the particles should be selected and manufactured so that the maximum value of the surface potential after 0.3 seconds is higher than 300 V, preferably higher than 400 V. Is desirable.
- the measurement of the surface potential can be performed by, for example, an apparatus shown in FIG. 10 (CRT200, manufactured by QEA).
- CRT200 manufactured by QEA
- the two ends of the roll shaft on which the above-mentioned film is placed on the surface are held by chucks 21 and a small scorotron discharger 22 and a surface voltmeter 23 are installed separately with a predetermined distance.
- the measurement unit is moved from one end to the other end of the roll shaft at a constant speed while the roll shaft is stationary while the measurement unit is arranged facing the surface of the film with an interval of l mm.
- a method of measuring the surface potential while giving a surface charge is preferably employed.
- the measurement environment is a temperature of 25 ⁇ 3 ° C and a humidity of 55 ⁇ 5 RH%.
- the particles in the image display device of the present invention may be made of any material as long as characteristics such as charging performance are satisfied.
- it can be formed from a resin, a charge control agent, a colorant, an inorganic additive, or the like, or a colorant alone.
- resins include urethane resin, urea resin, acrylic resin, polyester resin, acrylic urethane resin, acrylic urethane silicone resin, acrylic urethane fluororesin, acrylic fluorine resin JI, silicone resin J ⁇ , acrylic silicone resin, epoxy resin JI, Polystyrene resin, Styrene acrylic resin, Polyolefin resin, Butyral resin, Vinylidene chloride resin, Melamine resin, Phenolic tree Ji, Fluorine resin, Polycarbonate resin, Polysulfone resin, Polyether resin, Polyamide resin Acrylic urethane resin, acrylic silicone resin H acrylic fluorine resin Ji effect, acrylic urethane silicone resin JI effect, acrylic urethane fluorine resin, fluorine resin, silicone Resin is preferred. Two or more kinds can be mixed.
- the charge control agent is not particularly limited, but examples of the charge control agent include salicylic acid metal complexes, metal-containing azo dyes, metal-containing (including metal ions and metal atoms) oil-soluble dyes, and quaternary. Ammonium salt-based compound, Rick's allene compound, Boron-containing Compounds (boron benzylate complex), nitroimidazole derivatives and the like.
- Examples of the positive charge control agent include a nig mouth dye, a triphenylmethane compound, a quaternary ammonium salt compound, a polyamine resin, and an imidazole derivative.
- metal oxides such as ultrafine silica, ultrafine titanium oxide and ultrafine alumina, nitrogen-containing cyclic compounds such as pyridine and derivatives and salts thereof, various organic pigments, resins containing fluorine, chlorine, nitrogen, etc. It can also be used as a charge control agent.
- the coloring agent various kinds of organic or inorganic pigments and dyes as shown below can be used.
- Black pigments include carbon black, copper oxide, manganese dioxide, aniline black, and activated carbon.
- the yellow pigments are: yellow lead, zinc yellow, cadmium yellow, yellow iron oxide, mineral first yellow, nickel titanium yellow one, navel yellow, naf! There are 1 Yellow S, Nonzelo G, Hanzaero 10 G, Benzijin Yellow G, Benzijin Yellow GR, Quinoline Yellow Lake, Permanent Yellow NCCG and Tartra Jin Lake.
- orange pigments examples include red lead, molybdenum orange, permanent orange GTR, pyrazolone orange, Vulcan orange, induslen brilliant orange range RK :, benzidine orange G, and induslen brilliant orange range GK.
- Red pigments include Bengala, Cadmium Red, Lead Tan, Mercury Sulfide, Forced Dummy, Permanent Red 4R, Lisor Red, Pyrazolone Red, Watching Gread, Calcium Salt, Lake Red D, Brilliant Power Min 6B, Eosin Lake , Rhodamine Lake B, Arizarin Lake, Brilliant Power 1 Min 3B and others.
- purple pigments include manganese purple, first violet B, and methyl violet lake.
- blue pigments include navy blue, cobalt blue, alkali blue lake, Victory Lake, phthalocyanine blue, metal-free phthalocyanine blue, phthalocyanine partially chlorinated cyanine blue, Fast Sky Blue, and Indaslen Blue BC.
- green pigments include chrome green, acid chromium, pigment green, malachite green lake, and final yellow green G.
- white pigments examples include zinc white, titanium oxide, antimony white, and zinc sulfide.
- Extender pigments include baryte powder, barium carbonate, clay, silica, and white pigments such as bon, talc, and alumina white.
- various dyes such as basic, acidic, dispersible, and direct dyes include Nigguchi Shin, Methylene Blue, Rose Bengal, Quinoline Yellow, and Ultramarine Blue.
- colorants can be used alone or in combination.
- carbon black is preferable as the black colorant
- titanium oxide is preferable as the white colorant.
- the production example of the particles is not particularly limited.
- a pulverization method and a polymerization method according to the production of an electrophotographic toner can be used.
- a method of coating the surface of an inorganic or organic pigment powder with a resin, a charge control agent, or the like is also used.
- the distance between the transparent substrate 1 and the counter substrate 2 in the image display device of the present invention is not particularly limited as long as the particles can move and the contrast can be maintained, but it is usually 10 to 500 O / zm, preferably 30 to 500 m. Adjusted.
- the particle filling amount is preferably such that the volume occupies 10 to 80%, preferably 10 to 70%, of the space volume between the substrates.
- a plurality of the above display elements are used to arrange and display in a matrix.
- one display element corresponds to one pixel Become.
- a combination of particle colors may be appropriately performed.
- three types of display elements that is, a display element having R (red), G (green) and B (blue) color plates and each having black particles are formed as a set, and these are displayed. It is preferable to arrange a plurality of sets to form an image display plate.
- powder fluid is a substance in the intermediate state between fluid and particles that exhibits fluidity by itself without using the power of gas or liquid.
- This powder fluid can be made particularly in an aerosol state, and is used in the image display device of the present invention in a state where a solid substance is relatively stably suspended in a gas as a dispersoid.
- the range of the state of the aerosol is preferably twice or more, more preferably 2.5 times or more, and particularly preferably 3 times or more, the apparent volume of the powder fluid at the time of maximum floating.
- the upper limit is not particularly limited, but is preferably 12 times or less. If the apparent volume at the time of the maximum suspension of the powder fluid is smaller than twice that of the non-floating state, it will be difficult to control the display.
- the apparent volume at maximum suspension is measured as follows. That is, a powder fluid is placed in a closed container through which the powder fluid can be seen, and the container itself is vibrated or dropped to create a maximum floating state, and the apparent volume at that time is measured from the outside of the container. Specifically, a polypropylene container with a diameter (inner diameter) of 6 cm and a height of 10 cm with a lid (trade name, manufactured by Iboy: Azwan Co., Ltd.) is equivalent to 1/5 of the volume of powder fluid when not suspended. Put the fluid in the container, set the container on a shaker, and shake for 3 hours at a distance of 6 cm with 3 reciprocations of Z sec. The apparent volume immediately after stopping shaking is the apparent volume at the time of maximum suspension.
- the image display device of the present invention is preferably one in which the change over time of the apparent volume of the powder fluid satisfies the following expression.
- the image display device of the present invention lay preferred those time change V 1 of the apparent volume of the liquid powders (the 3 ZV 5 greater than 0.85, greater than 0.9 is particularly preferred. 1. Roh When 5 is 0.8 or less, it is the same as the case using ordinary so-called particles, and the effect of high-speed response and durability as in the present invention cannot be secured.
- the average particle diameter (d (0.5)) of the particulate matter constituting the powder fluid is preferably 0.1 to 20 m, more preferably 0.5 to 15 m, and particularly preferably 0.9 to 18 m. It is. If it is less than 0.1 / im, it will be difficult to control the display. If it is more than 20 m, the display will be possible but the concealment ratio will decrease, making it difficult to make the device thinner.
- the average particle size (d (0.5)) of the particulate matter constituting the powder fluid is the same as d (0.5) in the following particle size distribution Span.
- the particle material constituting the powder fluid preferably has a particle size distribution Span represented by the following formula of less than 5, more preferably less than 3.
- Particle size distribution Span (d (0.9) — d (0.1)) / ⁇ (0.5) where d (0.5) is 50% of the particulate matter in the powder fluid
- d (0.5) 50% of the particulate matter in the powder fluid
- the value, d (0.9) is the numerical value, expressed in m, of the particle diameter at which 90% of the particulate matter constituting the powder fluid is less than this.
- the above particle size distribution and particle size can be determined by laser diffraction Z scattering method or the like.
- a laser beam is applied to the powder fluid to be measured, a light intensity distribution pattern of the diffracted and scattered light is generated spatially, and since this light intensity pattern has a correspondence with the particle size, the particle size and the particle size distribution can be measured. .
- the particle size and the particle size distribution are obtained from a volume-based distribution. Specifically, using a Mastersizer2000 (Malvern Instruments Ltd.) measuring instrument, charge the powder fluid into a nitrogen gas stream and use the attached analysis. The measurement can be performed with software (software based on volume-based distribution using Mie theory).
- Powder fluids can be made by kneading and milling the necessary resin, charge control agent, colorant, and other additives, or polymerizing from monomers, or by converting existing particles into resin, charge control agent, colorant, and others. It may be coated with an additive.
- the resins, charge control agents, coloring agents, and other additives that constitute the powder fluid are exemplified below.
- the resin examples include urethane resin, acrylic resin, polyester resin, urethane-modified acrylic resin, silicone resin, nylon resin, epoxy resin, styrene resin, butyral resin, vinylidene chloride resin, melamine resin, phenol resin, and fluorine resin. Two or more of them can be used, and in particular, acrylic urethane resin, acrylic urethane silicone resin, acrylic urethane fluororesin, urethane resin, and fluororesin are preferable from the viewpoint of controlling the adhesion to the substrate.
- Examples of the charge control agent include a quaternary ammonium salt-based compound, a Nigguchi syn dye, a triphenyl methane-based compound, and an imidazole derivative in the case of imparting a positive charge.
- Examples include metal-containing azo dyes, salicylic acid metal complexes, and nitroimidazole derivatives.
- coloring agent examples include dyes such as basic and acidic dyes, and examples thereof include Niguchi Shin, Methylen Blue, Quinoline Yellow, Kuchiichi Subengar, and the like.
- inorganic additives include titanium oxide, zinc oxide, zinc sulfide, antimony oxide, calcium carbonate, lead white, talc, silica, calcium silicate, alumina white, cadmium yellow, cadmium red, cadmium red range, and titanium yellow.
- the powdered fluid that shows the aerosol state is determined, but the following is an example.
- inorganic fine particles having an average particle diameter of 20 to 100 nm, preferably 20 to 8 O nm on the surface of the particle material constituting the powder fluid.
- the inorganic fine particles are treated with silicone oil.
- examples of the inorganic fine particles include silicon dioxide (silica), zinc oxide, aluminum oxide, magnesium oxide, cerium oxide, iron oxide, and copper oxide. The method of fixing the inorganic fine particles is important.
- a powder fluid showing an aerosol state can be produced.
- the resin constituting the powder fluid sealed between the substrates preferably has a water absorption of 3% by weight or less, particularly preferably 2% by weight or less.
- the measurement of P and water content shall be performed according to ASTM-D570, and the measurement conditions shall be 24 hours at 23 ° C.
- the solvent insolubility of the resin constituting the powder fluid represented by the following relational expression is preferably 50% or more, particularly preferably 70% or more.
- Solvents (good solvents) for measuring the solvent insolubility ratio include methyl ethyl ketone and the like for fluororesins, methanol and the like for polyamide resins, methyl ethyl ketone and toluene for acrylic urethane resins, and melamine resins and the like.
- acetone and isopropanol are preferable, and for silicone resin, toluene and the like are preferable.
- the volume occupied by the powder fluid is 5 to 85%, preferably 10 to 65%, more preferably 15 to 55% of the gap between the opposing substrates. It is preferable to adjust so that Since the powdered fluid shows an aerosol state, it is difficult to enclose it in a display device by a normal method.Forcing the powdered fluid to adhere to the substrate using an electrocoating machine requires It is suitable. In this case, any of the following methods may be used: only one of the substrates, or both substrates.
- the gas in the void surrounding the powder fluid between the substrates which contributes to the improvement of display stability.
- the relative humidity at 25 ° C. of the gas in the void portion be 60% RH or less, preferably 50% RH or less, more preferably 35% RH or less. It is.
- the above-mentioned void portion is a portion between the transparent substrate 1 and the opposing substrate 2 in FIG. 7 and FIG. 8 except a portion occupied by the powder fluids 5 and 6, a portion occupied by the partition 7, and a device sealing portion. It refers to the gas part in contact with the powder fluid.
- the type of gas in the void portion is not limited as long as it is in the humidity range described above, but dry air, dry nitrogen, dry argon, dry helium, dry carbon dioxide, dry methane, and the like are suitable. This gas must be enclosed in equipment so that its humidity is maintained.For example, filling with powdered fluid, assembling of the board, etc. are performed under a predetermined humidity environment. It is important to apply a sealing material and a sealing method to prevent this.
- the image display device of the present invention includes a display section of a mobile device such as a notebook personal computer, a PDA, and a mobile phone, an electronic book such as an electronic book and an electronic newspaper, a signboard, a poster, and a presentation board such as a blackboard. It is used for calculators, home electric appliances, display parts for automobiles, etc., and card display parts such as point cards.
- a feature of the image display device according to the first invention of the present invention resides in that an anisotropic conductive film is used for mounting a member such as an electrode for sending a signal to be applied to a circuit for displaying an image.
- An IC chip or the like is used as a member other than an electrode for sending a signal to be applied to a circuit for displaying an image.
- anisotropic conductive film a film obtained by dispersing conductive particles in a thermosetting adhesive or a photo-hardening adhesive is used.
- thermosetting adhesive or the photocurable adhesive a polymer containing at least one compound having any one of a glycidyl group, an acryl group and a methacryl group is preferably used.
- the anisotropic conductive film is obtained by adding an organic peroxide, Z or a photosensitizer, a silane coupling agent, and an epoxy group-containing compound to the polymer together with the conductive particles to form a film.
- a crosslinked structure is formed during curing, and high adhesiveness, excellent durability, and heat resistance are obtained.
- the ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer When an ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer is used as the polymer, the ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer preferably has a Bier acetate content of 10 to 50% by weight, more preferably 15 to 45% by weight. % By weight. If the biel acetate content is less than 10% by weight, a sufficient degree of crosslinking cannot be obtained when crosslinking is performed at a high temperature, while if it exceeds 50% by weight, the softening temperature of the resin decreases, and becomes difficult.
- the vinyl acetate content of the copolymer is 10 to 50% by weight. And more preferably 14 to 45% by weight It is. If the biel acetate content is less than 10% by weight, a sufficient degree of crosslinking cannot be obtained when crosslinking and curing at a high temperature. On the other hand, if it exceeds 50% by weight, the softening temperature of the resin decreases, making storage difficult. This is a practical problem. Further, the content of the acrylate and Z or methacrylate monomers in the copolymer is preferably from 0.01 to 10% by weight, more preferably from 0.05 to 5% by weight. . If the content of the acrylate-based and Z- or methacrylate-based monomers is less than 0.01% by weight, the effect of improving the adhesive strength is reduced, while if it exceeds 10% by weight, the processability may be reduced. .
- Usable acrylate and Z or methacrylate monomers are monomers selected from acrylate or methacrylate monomers, and include acrylic acid or methacrylic acid and 1 to 20 carbon atoms, especially Esters with a substituted aliphatic alcohol having 1 to 18 unsubstituted or substituted groups such as epoxy groups are preferred, for example, methyl acrylate, methyl methacrylate, ethyl acrylate, ethyl methacrylate, and methyl methacrylate.
- Esters with a substituted aliphatic alcohol having 1 to 18 unsubstituted or substituted groups such as epoxy groups are preferred, for example, methyl acrylate, methyl methacrylate, ethyl acrylate, ethyl methacrylate, and methyl methacrylate.
- the copolymer When a copolymer of ethylene, vinyl acetate, maleic acid and Z or maleic anhydride is used as the polymer, the copolymer preferably has a vinyl acetate content of 10 to 50% by weight, More preferably, it is 14 to 45% by weight. If the vinyl acetate content is less than 10% by weight, sufficient crosslinkage cannot be obtained when cross-linking at high temperatures, while if it exceeds 50% by weight, the strength and durability of the adhesive layer are significantly reduced. Tends to do so. Further, the content of maleic acid and / or maleic anhydride in the copolymer is preferably 0.01 to 10% by weight, more preferably 0.05 to 5% by weight. If the content of maleic acid and Z or maleic anhydride is less than 0.01% by weight, the effect of improving the adhesive strength is reduced, while if it exceeds 10% by weight, the processability may be reduced. .
- the content of the acrylate monomer in the copolymer is preferably from 10 to 50% by weight, more preferably from 14 to 45% by weight. If the acrylate monomer content is less than 10% by weight, a sufficient degree of crosslinking cannot be obtained when crosslinking and curing at a high temperature, while if it exceeds 50% by weight, the strength and durability of the adhesive layer are significantly reduced. It tends to be.
- the content of maleic acid and Z or maleic anhydride in the copolymer is preferably from 0.01 to 10% by weight, more preferably from 0.05 to 5% by weight.
- the acrylate and / or monomer monomer may be the same as described above.
- the content of the methyl methacrylate in the resin is as follows. It is preferably 1 to 30% by weight, more preferably 5 to 25% by weight.
- the content of methacrylic acid is lower than 1% by weight, the ionic cross-linking effect is lowered, and the adhesive strength is lowered.
- the content exceeds 30% by weight, the workability may be significantly lowered.
- the metal ions used in the ethylene-methacrylic acid ionomer resin include metal cations such as sodium, zinc, magnesium, and lithium, and the degree of ionization by the metal ions is preferably 5 to 80%. Preferably it is 7 to 70%. If the ionization degree is less than 5%, the transparency is significantly reduced, and if it exceeds 80%, the workability may be significantly reduced.
- An organic peroxide and / or a photosensitizer can be used for curing the anisotropic conductive film.
- the curable adhesive is a thermosetting adhesive
- a photosensitizer is usually used.
- an organic peroxide added for hardening of the anisotropic conductive film 70 ° C Any substance can be used as long as it decomposes at the above temperature to generate radicals, but a decomposition temperature with a half-life of 10 hours of 50 ° C or more is preferable.
- Egg (bonding) It is selected in consideration of the temperature, heat resistance of the adherend, and storage stability.
- Examples of usable organic peroxides include 2,5-dimethylhexane-1,2,5-dihydroperoxide and 2,5-dimethyl-2,5-di (t-butylperoxy) hexine. 3, g-t-butyl peroxide, t-butyl cumyl peroxide, 2,5-dimethyl-2,5-di (t-butyl peroxide) hexane, dicumyl peroxide, hi, ⁇ '-bis (t 1-butylperoxyisopropyl) benzene, n-butyl-4,4'_bis (t-butylperoxy) valerate, 1,1-bis (t-butylperoxy) cyclohexane, 1,1-bis ( t-butyl benzoate) —3,3,5-trimethylcyclohexane, t-butyl benzoate, benzoyl peroxide, t-butyl benzoate, methyl
- organic peroxide at least one of them is used alone or in combination. Usually, 0.1 to 10 parts by weight is added to 100 parts by weight of the polymer.
- Photosensitizer added for curing anisotropic conductive film
- a radical photopolymerization initiator is preferably used.
- the radical photopolymerization initiators benzophenone, 0-methyl benzoylbenzoate, 4-benzoyl_4'-methyldiphenyl sulfide, isopropylthioxanthone, getylthioxanthone, and 4_ (getylamino) benzoate are used as hydrogen abstraction initiators. Ethyl and the like can be used.
- benzoin ether benzoyl propyl ether, benzyldimethyl ketal, and ⁇ -hydroxyalkylphenone are used as intramolecular cleavage initiators as 2-hydroxy-12-methyl-11-types.
- Phenylpropane-one-one, 1-hydroxycyclohexylphenylketone, alkylphenyldalioxylate, and diethoxyacetophenone are also available as 2-amino-1-aminophenylphenones.
- silane coupling agents added as adhesion promoters for anisotropic conductive films include vinyltriethoxysilane, vinyltris () 3-methoxyethoxy) silane, ⁇ -methacryloxypropyltrimethoxysilane, and vinyltria.
- One or a mixture of two or more of aminoaminopropyltriethoxysilane, ⁇ _ ⁇ 3_ (aminoethyl) -aminoaminotrimethoxysilane and the like are used.
- the amount of the silane coupling agent to be added is usually 0.01 to 5 parts by weight based on 100 parts by weight of the polymer.
- An epoxy group-containing compound added as an adhesion promoter for anisotropic conductive films Triglycidyl tris (2-hydroxyethyl) isocyanurate, neopentyldaricole diglycidyl ether, 1,6-hexanediol diglycidyl ether, arylglycidyl ether, 2-ethylhexyldaricidyl ether, Phenyldaricidyl ether, phenol (EO) 5 glycidyl ether, p-t-butylphenyldaricidyl ether, diglycidyl adipate, diglycidyl ester fumarate, glycidyl methacrylate, butyldaricidyl ether, etc.
- a similar effect can be obtained by alloying a polymer containing an epoxy group.
- These epoxy group-containing compounds are used as one kind or as a mixture of two or more kinds, and the addition amount is usually 0.1 to 20 parts by weight based on 100 parts by weight of the polymer.
- acryloyl, methacryloyl, or aryl groups are used.
- Acrylic or methacrylic acid derivatives such as esters and amides are the most common compounds for this purpose, and ester residues such as methyl, ethyl, dodecyl, stearyl, lauryl.
- esters with polyfunctional alcohols such as ethylene glycol, triethylene glycol, polypropylene glycol, polyethylene glycol, trimethylolpropane, and pen-erythritol are also used.
- amide diacetone acrylamide is typical.
- polyfunctional crosslinking assistant examples include acrylic acid or methacrylic acid ester such as trimethylolpropane, pen-erythritol, and glycerin, and examples of the compound having an aryl group include triaryl cyanurate, triallyl isocyanurate, diaryl phthalate, Examples thereof include diaryl isophthalate and diaryl maleate.
- These compounds are used in the form of one kind or a mixture of two or more kinds, usually added in an amount of 0.1 to 50 parts by weight, preferably 0.5 to 30 parts by weight, based on 100 parts by weight of the polymer. Can be If the amount exceeds 50 parts by weight, the workability and the film-forming property at the time of preparing the adhesive may be reduced.
- a hydrocarbon resin can be added to the adhesive for the purpose of improving processability and processability such as bonding.
- the hydrocarbon resin to be added may be either a natural wood JI-based resin or a synthetic resin-based resin.
- rosin, a rosin derivative, and a terpene resin are preferably used.
- rosin gum-based resins, tall oil-based resins, and wood-based resins can be used.
- rosin derivative rosin obtained by hydrogenation, heterogeneity, polymerization, esterification, and metal chloride can be used.
- terpene resin terpene phenol resins other than terpene resins such as ⁇ -pinene and 3-pinene can be used. Further, dammar, copal and shellac may be used as other natural resins.
- synthetic resin petroleum resin, phenol resin, and xylene resin are preferably used.
- petroleum resins aliphatic petroleum resins, aromatic petroleum resins, alicyclic petroleum resins, copolymer petroleum resins, hydrogenated petroleum resins, pure monomer petroleum resins, and cumarone indene resins can be used. Alkyl phenol resins and modified phenol resins can be used as the phenolic resin.
- xylene resin a xylene resin or a modified xylene resin can be used.
- the addition amount of the charcoal hydrogen resin is appropriately selected, it is preferably 1 to 200 parts by weight, more preferably 5 to 150 parts by weight, based on 100 parts by weight of the polymer.
- an antioxidant, an ultraviolet absorber, a dye, a processing aid, and the like may be used in the present invention as long as the object of the present invention is not hindered.
- conductive particles used in the anisotropic conductive film various kinds of conductive particles can be used as long as they are electrically good conductors.
- metal powder such as copper, silver, nickel, etc., resin or ceramic powder coated with such metal may be used.
- shape There is no particular limitation on the shape, and any shape such as scaly, dendritic, granular, or pellet-like can be used.
- the compounding amount of the conductive particles is preferably 0.1 to 15% by volume with respect to the polymer, and the particle diameter is 0.1 to 100 ⁇ , particularly 0.1 to 20 ⁇ . Preferably, there is. In this way, by specifying the amount and the particle size, the conductive particles aggregate between adjacent circuits, and short-circuiting does not occur.
- the anisotropic conductive film comprises a cross-linking agent (organic peroxide and a photosensitizer) that generates radicals by heat or light as described above, and a cross-linking aid, if necessary. It is manufactured by adding an agent, a silane coupling agent, and an epoxy group-containing compound. That is, the anisotropic conductive film is prepared by uniformly mixing the polymer with the additives described above, kneading the mixture with an extruder, a roll, or the like, and then using a film forming method such as calendar roll, die extrusion, or inflation. It can be formed into a predetermined shape.
- a cross-linking agent organic peroxide and a photosensitizer
- an embossing process may be performed for the purpose of preventing blocking, facilitating pressure bonding with an adherend, and the like.
- an adherend polyimide, copper foil, etc.
- a conventional method for example, a bonding method using a hot press, a direct laminating method using an extruder or a calender, A method such as a thermocompression bonding method using an illuminator can be used.
- each component is uniformly dissolved in a solvent that does not affect the member at all, applied uniformly to the surface of the member, and temporarily adhered to another adherend (polyimide, copper foil, etc.). Can be cured.
- the curing conditions for the anisotropic conductive film depend on the type of organic peroxide used, but are usually 70 to 170 ° C, preferably 70 to 150 ° C. In C, it is usually from 10 seconds to 120 minutes, preferably from 20 seconds to 60 minutes.
- light sources that emit light in the ultraviolet to visible region can be used as light sources, for example, ultra-high pressure, high pressure, low pressure mercury lamp, chemical lamp, xenon lamp, halogen lamp, mercury halogen lamp, Power Bon Arc light, white Heat lamps, laser beams and the like can be mentioned.
- the irradiation time cannot be determined unconditionally depending on the type of lamp and the intensity of the light source, but it is on the order of tens of seconds to tens of minutes. Further, in order to promote the curing, the laminate may be heated to 40 to 120 ° C. in advance and irradiated with ultraviolet rays.
- the anisotropic conductive film is obtained by adding an organic peroxide and Z or a photosensitizer, a silane coupling agent, and an epoxy group-containing compound to the polymer together with the conductive particles to form a film. .
- This anisotropic conductive film has the following features because the adhesive is mainly composed of the polymer. (1) Good repairability. (2) Good transparency. (3) Stable and high adhesiveness compared to conventional products. (4) By using a film made of the transparent polymer as a raw material, light transmittance at the time of electrode positioning is good, and workability is good. (5) Conventional products, such as epoxy resin, required heating at 150 ° C or higher, but can be cured and adhered at 100 ° C or lower, and can be UV-curable. Therefore, curing adhesion at a lower temperature is also possible.
- anisotropic conductive films have no tackiness, the film is difficult to temporarily fix to the electrode due to the adhesive force, is easily peeled off, and has poor workability.
- the anisotropic conductive film mainly composed of lima has good workability because of its high adhesive strength at the time of temporary fixing.
- a base resin a polymer in which a hydroxyl group of a saturated polyester was substituted with a methacryloxy group was used, and a 15% by weight solution of toluene was prepared.
- 100 parts by weight of base resin 2 parts by weight of benzoyl peroxide, 5 parts by weight of butylamine melamine resin (Super Pecamine L125-600, manufactured by Dainippon Chemical Co., Ltd.) , Methacrylate (Kyoei Chemical Co., Ltd., PIM) 3 parts by weight, polyethylene diol glycol diacrylate 20 parts by weight, methacryloxypropyl trimethoxysilane 0.5 part by weight, Mixed.
- an image display device having a display element having the configuration shown in FIG. 1 was manufactured.
- a glass substrate was used as a transparent substrate, an epoxy plate was used as a counter substrate, and the above-described anisotropic conductive film was used as a display electrode and a counter electrode.
- the mounting of the anisotropic conductive film was performed by heating at 3 MPa and 1401: 10 seconds.
- the surface of each electrode was coated with an insulating silicone resin to a thickness of about 3 m to prevent adhesion and charge leakage.
- black polymerized toner for electrophotography (spherical with an average particle diameter of 8 m, surface charge density of 50 CZm 2 , maximum surface potential of 450 V after 0.3 seconds from the above surface potential measurement) was used.
- Polymer particles of styrene acrylic resin were prepared using titanium oxide as the white pigment and quaternary ammonium salt-based compound as the charge control agent as the positively chargeable particles (spherical particles with an average particle diameter of 8 m, surface charge). Density +45 C / m 2 , maximum value of the surface potential at 0.3 seconds after the surface potential measurement was 500 V).
- the particles were charged by triboelectric charging by mixing and stirring equal amounts of both particles.
- the height of the partition walls was 200 m, and the filling amount of the mixed particles was 70% of the space.
- Example 2 (first example: particles)
- Example 1 was repeated, except that 20 parts by weight of neopentyl glycol dimethacrylate was used instead of 20 parts by weight of polyethylene glycol diacrylate in the preparation of the anisotropic conductive film of Example 1.
- the adhesive strength of the anisotropic conductive film was 1.1 kg / inch, the conductive resistance was 2.5 ⁇ , and the performance of the image display device was the same as in Example 1.
- Example 1 was carried out in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the butylated melamine resin and the phosphoric acid methacrylate were not used in the preparation of the anisotropic conductive film of Example 1.
- the adhesive strength of the anisotropic conductive film was 0.4 kg / inch, the conductive resistance was 2.9 ⁇ , and the performance of the image display device was the same as in Example 1.
- ⁇ , d (0.5) is the particle diameter expressed in ⁇ that 50% of the particulate matter constituting the powder fluid is larger than 50% and smaller than 50%
- d (0.1) is Numerical value expressed as ⁇ for the particle size where the ratio of the particulate matter constituting the following powder fluid is 10%
- d (0.9) Is the numerical value of the particle diameter at which 90% of the particulate matter constituting the powder fluid is expressed in ⁇ .
- Average particle diameter ( ⁇ ) The above d (0.5).
- A indicates the weight of the powder fluid before immersion in the solvent
- B indicates the weight after immersion of the powder fluid in methyl ethyl ketone solvent at 25 ° C for 24 hours.
- the voltage applied to the manufactured display device was increased, and the voltage at which the liquid powder moved to enable display was measured as the minimum drive voltage.
- the threshold voltage was set as the minimum drive voltage.
- contrast ratio reflection density in black display / reflection density in white display.
- contrast ratio of the initial contrast was used as the retention ratio.
- the response speed was determined from the change in output value using a photomultiplier.
- a base resin a polymer in which hydroxyl groups of a saturated polyester were substituted with methacryloxy groups was used, and a 15% by weight solution of toluene was prepared.
- 100 parts by weight of base resin 2 parts by weight of benzoylpropyl ether (photosensitizer) and butylated melamine resin (Super Becamine L 125-60 manufactured by Dainippon Chemical Co., Ltd.) 5 parts by weight, 3 parts by weight of methacrylate phosphate (manufactured by Kyoei Chemical Co., Ltd., PIM), 20 parts by weight of polyethylene glycol diacrylate, 0.5 part by weight of methacryloxypropyl trimethoxysilane was mixed.
- This has conductive particles
- powder fluid X and powder fluid Y were prepared.
- Liquid powder X is first methyl methacrylate monomer, T i 0 2 (2 Oph r), charge control agent Pontoron E89 (Orient Chemical Co., Ltd., 5 ph r), initiator AI BN (0. 5 ph r)
- the particle diameter was adjusted by a classifier.
- the external additive A Silica H2000-4, manufactured by Picker
- the external additive B Silica SS20, Nippon Silica
- Powder fluid Y consists of styrene monomer, azo compound (5 phr), charge control agent Pontrone NO 7 (Orient Chemical Co., Ltd., 5 phr), initiator AIBN (0.5 phr), suspension polymerization was performed, and the particle diameter was adjusted using a classifier.
- an external additive A sica H2050, manufactured by Pokka Co.
- an external additive B sica SS20, manufactured by Nippon Silica
- the physical properties of the powder fluid X and the powder fluid Y that is, (1) the average particle size and particle size distribution of the powder fluid described above, (2) the ratio of the apparent volume when the powder fluid is at maximum suspension / the apparent volume when not suspended, (3) time change of the apparent volume of the liquid powder (V 1 () / V 5) and shown in Table 1 (4) Konaryu body solvent insoluble rate of.
- a rib having a height of 25 ⁇ was formed on a glass substrate on which an indium oxide electrode having a thickness of about 50 OA was mounted with the anisotropic conductive film, thereby forming a stripe-shaped partition having a one-rib structure.
- the ribs were formed as follows. First paste, the S I_ ⁇ 2, A 1 2 0 3, B 2 0 3 and mixtures ZnO as the inorganic powder, melting, cooling, and pulverized glass powder, prepared thermosetting epoxy resin as a resin Then, a paste prepared with a solvent so as to have a viscosity of 15,000 cs was produced.
- the paste was applied over the entire surface of the substrate, cured by heating at 150 ° C, and the application and curing were repeated to adjust the thickness (corresponding to the height of the partition walls) to 200 ⁇ (sandblast method). .
- a dry photoresist was stuck on this, and a mask was formed by exposure to etching to form a partition pattern with a line of 50 ⁇ , a space of 200 ⁇ , and a pitch of 25 ⁇ .
- an excess portion was removed by sandblasting so as to have a predetermined partition shape, thereby forming a desired stripe-shaped partition.
- powder X is temporarily adhered to the glass substrate on which the above-mentioned indium oxide electrode is provided, and powder Y is temporarily adhered to the other glass substrate, at an interval of 12 ⁇ .
- the glass substrates were adjusted so as to achieve the desired condition, the two glass substrates were combined, and the periphery of the glass substrates was bonded with an epoxy-based adhesive to produce a display device in which powdered fluid was sealed.
- the mixing ratio of the powder fluid X and the powder fluid ⁇ was the same weight, and the filling rate of the powder fluid between the glass substrates was adjusted to be 60% by volume.
- the gas in the gap surrounding the powder fluid between the substrates was air having a relative humidity of 35% RH.
- Table 1 shows the evaluation results of the display functions of the obtained display devices.
- a display device was produced in the same manner as in Example 3, except that the main material of the powder fluid X and the powder fluid Y was urethane (carbon was used in the powder fluid Y).
- Table 1 shows the physical properties of the obtained powder fluids X and Y and the evaluation results of the display function of the display device.
- Example 5 (Second example: powder fluid)
- a display device was manufactured in the same manner as in Example 3, except that the addition amount of the initiator AIBN of the powder fluid X and the powder fluid Y was changed to 0.1 Dhr.
- Table 1 shows the physical properties of the obtained powder fluids X and Y and the evaluation results of the display function of the display device. Since the addition amount of the initiator AIBN was reduced, the solvent insolubility was reduced, and the storage stability was slightly deteriorated.
- Example 6 (Second example: powder fluid)
- a display device was manufactured in the same manner as in Example 3, except that classification after suspension polymerization was not performed at the time of preparing the powder fluid X and the powder fluid Y.
- Table 2 shows the physical properties of the obtained powder fluids X and Y and the evaluation results of the display function of the display device. Since no classification was performed, the particle size distribution Span became large, and the durability slightly deteriorated.
- Example 7 (Second example: powder fluid) A display device was manufactured in the same manner as in Example 3, except that the humidity of the air in the gap surrounding the powder fluid between the substrates was changed to 80% RH. Table 2 shows the evaluation results of the display functions of the obtained display devices. Due to the high humidity of the air in the voids, the durability has deteriorated slightly.
- Example 8 (Second example: powder fluid)
- a display device was produced in the same manner as in Example 3, except that no partition was formed.
- Table 2 shows the evaluation results of the display functions of the obtained display devices. The durability was slightly degraded due to the absence of partitions.
- a display device was manufactured in the same manner as in the preparation of the powder fluid X and the powder fluid Y of Example 3, except that the processing condition of the hybridizer was set at 480 rpm for 1 minute. Table 3 shows the physical properties of the obtained powder fluids X and Y and the evaluation results of the display function of the display device. As a result of changing the processing conditions of the hybridizer, the state of the powder fluid deteriorated, so the drive voltage increased, the durability deteriorated, and the response speed slowed.
- a display device was produced in the same manner as in the preparation of the powder fluid X and the powder fluid Y of Example 3, except that the processing conditions of the hybridizer were set at 480 rpm for 30 minutes. Table 3 shows the physical properties of the obtained powder fluids X and Y and the evaluation results of the display function of the display device. As a result of changing the processing conditions of the hybridizer, the state of the powder fluid deteriorated, so the drive voltage increased, the durability deteriorated, and the response speed slowed.
- a display device was manufactured in the same manner as in Example 3 except that a commercially available toner for electrophotography was used as the powder fluid X and the powder fluid Y.
- Table 3 shows the physical properties of the obtained powder fluids X and Y and the evaluation results of the display function of the display device. As a result, the state of the powder fluid deteriorated, the drive voltage increased, the durability deteriorated, and the response speed slowed.
- Example 9 (Second example: powder fluid) _
- the preparation of the anisotropic conductive film of Example 3 was carried out in the same manner as in Example 3, except that 20 parts by weight of neopentyl dalichol dimethacrylate was used instead of 20 parts by weight of polyethylene glycol diacrylate.
- the adhesive strength of the anisotropic conductive film was 0.7 kg / inch, the conductive resistance was 2.5 ⁇ , and the evaluation result of the display function of the display device was the same as in Example 3.
- Example 3 The preparation of the anisotropic conductive film of Example 3 was carried out in the same manner as in Example 3 except that the butylated melamine resin and the phosphate methacrylate were not used.
- the adhesive strength of the anisotropic conductive film was 0.5 kg / inch, the conductive resistance was 2.8 ⁇ , and the evaluation result of the display function of the display device was the same as in Example 3.
- a feature of the image display device according to the second invention of the present invention is that the image display device includes an image display plate and an optical function member, and the image display plate and the optical function member are integrated via a transparent elastic layer. Is what it is.
- the display device with an integrated optical function member has a drawback that when a pressure is applied to the display unit, the display unit is distorted, and the screen is blurred.
- the display unit is an image display panel.
- the optical function member and the display unit are connected via a spacer, and a gap of about 0.4 mm is provided between the members so that pressure is not applied to the display unit. I have to.
- the present invention has been made in view of the above circumstances, and is connected without providing a gap between an optical function member such as an anti-reflection treated glass and a display panel, has excellent light transmittance, and is capable of lowering a contrast ratio.
- An object of the present invention is to provide an optical function member integrated type display device which is suppressed in terms of quality and has excellent display performance.
- optical functional members in the image display device of the present invention, known optical functional members can be used.
- light-transmissive anti-reflection treated glass for example, light-transmissive anti-reflection treated glass, anti-reflection treated film, anti-static glass, anti-static film, electromagnetic shielding material, Examples include infrared absorption films, color filters, touch panels, and mobile phone protection plates.
- the material include polycarbonate, glass, and acrylic resin.
- the transparent elastic layer in the image display device of the present invention only needs to have a refractive index optimized as described later, and as a main material, for example, polyisoprene or polybutane Synthetic rubber such as ethylene, olefin elastomer such as EVA, polyurethane elastomer, polyvinyl butyral, vinyl chloride elastomer, styrene elastomer such as SBS, SIS, acrylic resin, silicone polymer The use of acryl resin is particularly recommended.
- polyisoprene or polybutane Synthetic rubber such as ethylene, olefin elastomer such as EVA, polyurethane elastomer, polyvinyl butyral, vinyl chloride elastomer, styrene elastomer such as SBS, SIS, acrylic resin, silicone polymer
- acryl resin is particularly recommended.
- the transparent elastic layer in the image display device of the present invention be composed mainly of the above-mentioned materials, but other materials can be used in combination if necessary.
- Materials that can be used in combination include organic peroxides, photosensitizers, plasticizers, adhesion promoters, hydrocarbon resins, antioxidants (polymerization inhibitors, antioxidants, ultraviolet absorbers, etc.),
- an inorganic or organic filler may be added.
- An effective amount of a conventionally known inorganic, halogen-based, or phosphorus-based flame retardant can also be added. In this case, it can be blended in various ratios of usually 0.1 to 50 parts by mass with respect to 100 parts by mass of the main material.
- the transparent elastic layer can be formed by directly applying the above-mentioned material to a member or forming a film by a known film forming method such as calender, roll, T-die extrusion, inflation and the like.
- the thickness of the transparent elastic layer is usually from 0.1 to 5 mm, preferably from 0.05 to 3 mm.
- the refractive index of the transparent elastic layer is n.
- the refractive index of the optical functional member and eta iota further if the refractive index of the transparent substrate of the reversible image display panel was n 2
- the refractive index of the transparent ⁇ layer n must be optimized for the refractive index of the optical functional member and the refractive index n 2 of the transparent substrate, respectively.
- n The absolute value of the difference between and is preferably 0.2 or less, particularly preferably 0.1 or less, and n.
- the absolute value of the difference between n 2 is zero. 2 or less, specifically 0. 1 or less.
- the transparent layer has a stress relaxation characteristic of 25% at 25 ° C. ( ⁇ ) of 5% and an initial value of the stress relaxation modulus (after 0.05 seconds) of G.
- G. Is preferably 6.5 ⁇ 10 6 Pa or less, particularly preferably 5.5 ⁇ 10 6 Pa or less. This lower limit is preferably 4.0 ⁇ 10 6 Pa or more.
- the transparent elastic layer has a relational expression between the stress relaxation modulus G obtained from the stress relaxation modulus damping curve and the time t (second),
- Is preferably 17 seconds or less, particularly 12 seconds or less, and the lower limit is preferably 7 seconds or more.
- the distortion generated in the display unit can be surely alleviated, and the occurrence of color unevenness on the display screen of the image display device can be reliably prevented.
- the relaxation time exceeds the above range, static distortion cannot be relaxed, and color unevenness may easily occur.
- the image display plate and the optical function member may be integrated with each other via the transparent elastic layer, and the manufacturing method is not particularly limited.
- a known method such as a vacuum press method or a nip roll method can be used for the method of integrating. If air remains at the interface, it is added by a gas jointly using a liquid adhesive, an autoclave device, or the like. Pressure heating method Can be adopted.
- An image display panel having a display element having the configuration shown in FIG. 3 was manufactured.
- a glass substrate was used as the transparent substrate, an epoxy plate was used as the counter substrate, and the display electrode and the counter electrode were copper electrodes.
- An insulative silicone resin was coated to a thickness of about 3 ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ on the surface of each electrode to prevent adhesion and charge leakage.
- Black polymerized toner for electrophotography as a negatively chargeable particle (spherical with an average particle diameter of 8 m, surface charge density of 50 z CZm 2 , maximum value of surface potential after 0.3 seconds from the surface potential measurement described above) 0 V) was used.
- styrene acrylic resin polymerized particles were prepared using titanium oxide as a white pigment and a quaternary ammonium salt compound as a charge control agent (spherical particles with an average particle diameter of 8 m, Surface charge density + 45 C / m 2 , the maximum value of the surface potential at 500 seconds after 0.3 seconds of the surface potential measurement (500 V).
- the particles were charged by friction charging by mixing and stirring equal amounts of both particles.
- the height of the partition walls was set to 200 m, and the filling amount of the mixed particles was set to 70% of the space.
- the amount of transmitted light is applied from the surface of the obtained image display panel with a light, the reflected light is measured by a luminance meter, and the amount of reflected light at this time is set as a reference value (100%). You.
- Example 11 (first example: particles)
- An acryl-based adhesive (SK Dyne 1831, manufactured by Soken Kagaku Co., Ltd.) is applied as a transparent elastic layer on one of the transparent substrates on the display surface, and the coated surface is protected with polycarbonate as an optical function member.
- the amount of transmitted light in this image display device with an integrated optical function member was 95% with reference to the amount of reflected light in Reference Example 11 (100%).
- Example 11 On the transparent substrate of the image display panel obtained in Reference Example 11, the same poly-polycarbonate protective window material as in Example 11 was bonded through a spacer (height: 0.5 mm) according to a conventional method, and the image was obtained.
- An optical function member integrated type image display device having an air layer having a thickness of 0.5 mm between the transparent substrate of the display panel and the polycarbonate protective window material was manufactured.
- the amount of transmitted light in the optical function member-integrated image display device was 87% with the amount of reflected light in Reference Example 11 being a reference value (100%).
- Liquid powder X is first methyl methacrylate monomer, T i 0 2 (20 ph r), charge control agent Pontoron E 89 (Orient Chemical Co., Ltd., 5 ph r), initiator AI BN (0. 5 ph r ), And the particle diameter was adjusted using a classifier.
- an external additive A sica H2000 / 4, manufactured by Picker
- an external additive B sica SS 20, manufactured by Nippon Silica
- the mixture was treated at 4800 rpm for 5 minutes, and the external additive was immobilized on the polymerized particle surface to prepare a powdery fluid.
- Powdered fluid Y is composed of styrene monomer, azo compound (5 phr), charge control agent pontron N07 (Orient Chemical Co., Ltd., 5 phr), and initiator AIBN (0.5 phr). After suspension polymerization using the same, the particle diameter was adjusted using a classifier. Next, using a hybridizer (Nara Machinery Co., Ltd.), the external additive A (silica H2050, manufactured by Pecker) and the external additive B (silica SS20, manufactured by Nippon Silica) were added to these particles. It was charged and treated at 4800 rpm for 5 minutes, and the external additive was immobilized on the surface of the polymerized particles to prepare a powdery fluid.
- Powder fluid X and powder fluid Y Physical properties of powder fluid X and powder fluid Y, that is, (1) average particle size of powder fluid and particle size distribution S pan, (2) apparent volume when powder fluid is at maximum floating Z apparent volume when powder is not floating (V max / V e ), (3) Time change of apparent volume of powder fluid (V 10 / V 5 ) and (4) Solvent insolubility of powder fluid are shown below.
- Powder fluid X Powder fluid Y
- a substrate with an electrode on which a partition described below was formed was manufactured.
- a rib having a height of 250 ⁇ was formed on a glass substrate provided with an indium oxide electrode having a thickness of about 50 OA to form a stripe-shaped partition having a one-rib structure.
- the ribs were formed as follows. First paste, S i o 2 as the inorganic powder, Alpha 1 2 0 3, the beta 2 0 3 and mixtures Zetaitaomikuron, melting, cooling, the glass powder was Kona ⁇ , a thermosetting epoxy resin as Tanamune A paste prepared with a solvent and having a viscosity of 15,000 cps was prepared.
- the paste was applied to the entire surface of the substrate, cured by heating at 150 ° C, and the application and curing were repeated to adjust the thickness (corresponding to the height of the partition) to 200 ⁇ (sandblast method). .
- a dry photoresist was stuck on this, and a mask was formed by exposure to etching to form a partition pattern with a line of 50 ⁇ , a space of 200 ⁇ , and a pitch of 25 ⁇ .
- powder X is temporarily attached to the glass substrate provided with the indium oxide electrode, and powder ⁇ is temporarily attached to the other glass substrate, so that the spacing is 12 ⁇ .
- the glass substrates were adjusted with a spacer, the two glass substrates were combined, and the periphery of the glass substrates was bonded with an epoxy-based adhesive to produce an image display panel in which powdered fluid was sealed.
- the mixing ratio of powder fluid X and powder fluid ⁇ was the same weight, and the filling rate of the powder fluid between the glass substrates was adjusted to be 60% by volume.
- the gas in the gap surrounding the powder fluid between the substrates was air having a relative humidity of 35% RH.
- the display function of the obtained image display device was that the minimum drive voltage was 20 V, the reflection density when displaying black Z the initial contrast ratio of the reflection density when displaying white was 9.2, and the response speed was 0.1 ms ec. Was.
- the contrast ratio after 20,000 times was 8.37 (retention rate: 91%), and the contrast ratio after 5 days of leaving was 8.19 (retention rate: 89%).
- the amount of transmitted light illuminate the surface of the obtained image display panel with a light, measure the reflected light with a luminance meter, and use the amount of reflected light at this time as a reference value (100%).
- Example 12 (Second example: powder fluid)
- An acrylic adhesive manufactured by Soken Chemical Co., Ltd., trade name: SK Dyne 1831
- SK Dyne 1831 is applied as a transparent elastic layer on one of the transparent substrates on the display surface
- a polycarbonate protective window material as an optical function member is applied to the coated surface. (Thickness: 1.5 mm, refractive index: 59), and an image display device with an integrated optical function member was fabricated. .
- the amount of transmitted light in this image display device with an integrated optical function member was 95% with reference to the amount of reflected light in Reference Example 12 (100%).
- Example 12 On the transparent substrate of the image display panel obtained in Reference Example 12, the same poly force-ponate protective window material as in Example 12 was bonded through a spacer (height: 0.5 mm) according to a conventional method, and the image was formed.
- the amount of transmitted light in this optical function member / body-shaped image display device was 87% with reference to the amount of reflected light in Reference Example 12 (100%).
- a feature of the image display device according to the third invention of the present invention is that an antireflection layer having two or more layers having different refractive indexes is provided on the surface of the transparent substrate, that is, on the outer surface, the inner surface, or the outer surface and the inner surface. .
- This anti-reflective layer has layers with different refractive indices, that is, alternately high refractive material and low refractive material. By stacking them on top of each other, reflection of external light is suppressed and light of a specific wavelength is transmitted, thereby displaying a clear image.
- the antireflection layer prevents reflection of light of 380 to 780 nm, and preferably has a light reflectance of 10% or less, particularly preferably 8% or less.
- the low refraction layer of the antireflection layer is formed by sputtering, using conductive carbon dioxide as a target, and the high refraction layer using conductive titanium oxide as a target. .
- the low refractive layer S i C x, S I_ ⁇ x, S i N x, S i C x O y, S i C x N y, S I_ ⁇ x N y, S i C x O y N a silicon compound represented by the group consisting of z , in particular, SiC x ⁇ y (where X is 0.1 to 3, preferably 0.5 to 2.5, y is 0.1 to 3, preferably is 0. 5 ⁇ 2. 5, z is from 0.1 to 3, preferably 0.5 to 2.5), a high refractive layer is T i O t (where t is from 0.1 to 3, preferably 0. It is preferable to consist of 5 to 2.5).
- the thickness and the number of layers of the low-refractive layer and the high-refractive layer are arbitrarily designed so as to have the characteristics required for an antireflection film.
- the thickness of each layer may not be the same, and may be arbitrarily designed according to required characteristics.
- the above-mentioned sputtering method is preferably a magneto-opening spring method, in particular, a dual-force single-electrode magnetic opening spring method.
- the low refractive layer is formed in a mixed gas atmosphere of an inert gas and a reactive gas.
- a reactive gas a gas containing oxygen in the molecule is used.
- the carbon compound must be gasified and exhausted outside the vacuum chamber, so that the carbon compound does not deposit in the vacuum chamber and does not enter the transparent conductive film during film formation.
- Sputtering conditions such as the type of supply gas, flow rate, pressure, and supply power can be arbitrarily set in consideration of a target to be used, a film formation rate, and the like.
- the volume and the conductive titanium oxide target resistivity 2 x 1 0- 'cm to hereinafter in which evening Getto, conductive Sumyi ⁇ Kei volume resistivity relatively prime target 2 x 1 0 ⁇ 2 Generally means a target that is less than ⁇ ⁇ cm.
- the use of a conductive titanium oxide target and a conductive silicon carbide target increases the film forming speed.
- the silicon carbide target includes a silicon carbide powder and a nonmetallic sintering aid A mixture obtained by sintering a mixture of pitch, phenolic resin, furan resin, epoxy resin, glucose, sucrose, cellulose, starch, etc.) is used.
- An antireflection layer was formed by alternately stacking two high-refractive-index layers targeting at conductive titanium oxide.
- Film of the low refractive index layer using magneto port Nsupa' evening ring device as sputtering evening ring device, as conductive carbonized Gay containing the target material (Co. Puridjisuton manufactured, the resistance value 2x10- 2 ⁇ ⁇ cm), supplied
- the sputtering was performed under the conditions of 10 cc / min of argon, 3 cc / min of oxygen gas, 5 mTorr of pressure, and 1.2 kW of supplied power.
- a magnetron sputtering device was used as the sputtering device, the target material was conductive titanium oxide (manufactured by Asahi Glass Co., Ltd., resistance value 2x10-' ⁇ ⁇ cm), and the supply gas was 10 cc of argon. / min, pressure 5 mTorr, power supply 1.2 kW sputtering conditions.
- composition, layer thickness and film formation time of the obtained antireflection layer are shown below.
- FIG. 12 shows the optical performance of the produced antireflection layer.
- An image display device was manufactured using the glass substrate having the above antireflection layer.
- An epoxy plate was used for the counter substrate, and the display electrode and the counter electrode were copper electrodes.
- An insulating silicone resin was coated on the surface of each electrode to a thickness of about 3 ⁇ to prevent adhesion and charge leakage.
- a black polymerized toner for electrophotography (a spherical particle having an average particle diameter of 8 ⁇ , a surface charge density of 50 pCZm 2 , and a maximum value of surface potential of 450 V after 0.3 seconds from the surface potential measurement) was used.
- Polymer particles of styrene acrylic resin were prepared using titanium oxide as a white pigment and a quaternary ammonium salt compound as a charge control agent (spherical with an average particle diameter of 8 ⁇ , surface charge density +45 pCZm 2 , The maximum value of the surface potential at 0.3 seconds after the above-mentioned surface potential measurement was 500 V).
- the particles were charged by frictional charging by mixing and stirring equal amounts of both particles.
- the height of the partition wall was set to 20 ⁇ , and the filling amount of the mixed particles was set to 70% of the space.
- Example 21 an antireflection layer formed by alternately stacking two low-refractive index layers targeting silicon and two high-refractive index layers targeting titanium was formed on a glass substrate. did.
- the low-refractive-index layer was formed by using a magnet port sputtering device as a sputtering device, using Si as the evening get material, supplying 5 cc Zm in of argon and 5 cc Zm of oxygen gas, and a pressure of 5 cc.
- the test was carried out under the spattering conditions of mTorr or supply power of 1.2 kW.
- the sputtering device For the formation of the high refractive index layer, a magnetron sputtering device was used as the sputtering device, the target material was T i, the supply gas was 5 cc / min of argon and 5 cc Zmin of oxygen gas, the pressure was 5 mTorr, and the power supply was 1 Performed under 2 kW sparing conditions.
- the layer thicknesses of the low refractive index layer and the high refractive index layer were the same as in Example 21.
- the film formation time was 7.5 minutes for the first layer, 10.0 minutes for the second layer, 62.5 minutes for the third layer, and 31.5 minutes for the fourth layer.
- the total membrane time was 11.5 minutes.
- the image display device of the present invention has a high response speed and excellent stability, and has a very low visible light reflectance in the antireflection layer, so that a clear image can be obtained. You can see that.
- the film formation time was about 2 hours, while in Example 21 about 4 minutes, four antireflection layers were obtained. It can be seen that the anti-reflection layer can be formed in a very short time by forming the silicon carbide as a target and forming the high refractive layer with conductive titanium oxide as a target by sputtering.
- Example 22 (Second example: powder fluid)
- An anti-reflection layer formed by alternately laminating two low-refractive index layers targeting a conductive silicon carbide and two high-refractive index layers targeting a conductive titanium oxide on a glass substrate. was formed.
- the film formation of the high refractive index layer The target material is conductive titanium oxide (made by Asahi Glass Co., Ltd., resistance value 2x10-' ⁇ ⁇ cm), the supply gas is argon 10 cc / min, the pressure is 5 mTorr, and the power supply is 1.2 k.
- the sputtering was performed under W sputtering conditions.
- composition, layer thickness and film formation time of the obtained antireflection layer are shown below.
- FIG. 12 shows the optical performance of the produced antireflection layer.
- powder fluid X and powder fluid Y were prepared.
- Powder fluid X contains methyl methacrylate monomer, Ti ⁇ ⁇ 2 (20 phr), charge control agent Pontrone E89 (manufactured by Orient Chemical Co., Ltd., 5 phr), and initiator AIBN (0.5 phr). After suspension polymerization was performed, the particle diameter was adjusted using a classifier. Next, using a hybridizer (Nara Machinery Co., Ltd.), external additive A (silica H2000Z4, manufactured by Picker) and external additive B (silica SS20, manufactured by Nippon Silica) were added to these particles. The mixture was treated at 4800 rpm for 5 minutes, and the external additive was immobilized on the polymerized particle surface to prepare a powdery fluid.
- Powder fluid Y consists of styrene monomer, azo compound (5 phr), charge control agent Pontrone NO 7 (Orient Chemical Co., Ltd., 5 phr), initiator AIBN (0.5 phr)
- the particle diameter was adjusted by a classifier.
- an external additive A sica H2050, manufactured by Picker
- an external additive B sica SS20, manufactured by Nippon Silica
- Powder fluid X and powder fluid Y Physical properties of powder fluid X and powder fluid Y, that is, (1) average particle size and particle size distribution of powder fluid, (2) ratio of apparent volume at maximum suspension of powder fluid / apparent volume at non-floating (3) Time change of apparent volume of powder fluid (V 10 / V 5 ) and (4) Solvent insolubility of powder fluid are shown below.
- Powder fluid X Powder fluid Y
- An image display device was manufactured using the glass substrate having the above antireflection layer. First, a substrate with electrodes on which partition walls described below were formed was manufactured. A rib having a height of 25 ⁇ was formed on a glass substrate having the above-described antireflection layer provided with an approximately 500-A thick oxide electrode, and a stripe-shaped partition having a one-rib structure was formed.
- the ribs were formed as follows. First paste, the S i 0 2, A l 2 ⁇ 3, B 2 0 3 and mixtures Zn_ ⁇ as inorganic powder, melting, cooling, and pulverized glass powder, a thermosetting epoxy resin as a resin A paste prepared with a solvent and having a viscosity of 15,000 cps was prepared.
- the paste was applied on the entire surface of the above-mentioned substrate, heated and cured at 150, and the application and curing were repeated to prepare a thickness (corresponding to the height of the partition wall) of 200 ⁇ (sand blast method).
- a dry photoresist was stuck on this, and a mask was formed by exposure to etching to form a partition pattern with a line of 50 ⁇ , a space of 200 ⁇ , and a pitch of 250 ⁇ .
- an extra portion was removed by sandblasting so as to have a predetermined partition shape, thereby forming a desired striped partition.
- powder X is temporarily adhered to the glass substrate on which the above-mentioned indium oxide electrode is provided, and powder Y is temporarily adhered to the other glass substrate, at an interval of 12 ⁇ .
- the display was adjusted with a spacer so that the two glass substrates were combined, and the periphery of the glass substrates was adhered with an epoxy-based adhesive to encapsulate a powder fluid.
- the mixing ratio of the powder fluid X and the powder fluid ⁇ was the same weight, and the filling rate of the powder fluid between the glass substrates was adjusted to be 60% by volume.
- the gas in the gap surrounding the powder fluid between the substrates was air having a relative humidity of 35% RH.
- the display function of the obtained image display device is such that the minimum drive voltage is 20 V, the reflection density when displaying black Z the initial contrast ratio of the reflection density when displaying white is 9.2, and the response speed is 0.1 msec. Met.
- the contrast ratio after 20000 times was 8.37 (retention rate: 91%), and the contrast ratio after leaving for 5 days was 8.19 (retention rate: 89%).
- Example 22 In Example 2, an antireflection layer formed by alternately laminating two low-refractive index layers targeting silicon and two high-refractive index layers targeting titanium was formed on a glass substrate. did.
- a magnet port sputtering device was used as the sputtering device, the target was Si, the supply gas was 5 cc / min of argon and 5 cc / min of oxygen gas, and the pressure was 5 mT.
- the experiment was performed under the conditions of orr and a power supply of 1.2 kW.
- a high refractive index layer was deposited using a magnet port sputtering device as a sputtering device, the target was set to Ti, the supply gas was 5 cc / min of argon and 5 cc / min of oxygen gas, and the pressure was 5 mT.
- the sputtering was performed under the conditions of orr and a power supply of 1.2 kW.
- the thicknesses of the low refractive index layer and the high refractive index layer were the same as in Example 1.
- the film formation time was 7.5 minutes for the first layer, 10.0 minutes for the second layer, 62.5 minutes for the third layer, and 31.5 minutes for the fourth layer.
- the total membrane time was 11.5 minutes.
- the image display device of the present invention has a higher response speed and a lower minimum drive voltage of 20 V than Embodiment 22, it has a simple structure, is inexpensive, and has excellent stability. Further, since the contrast ratio is high and the reflectance of visible light in the antireflection layer is extremely low, it can be seen that a clear image can be obtained.
- the film formation time was about 2 hours, whereas in Example 22 about 4 and 9 minutes, four antireflection layers were obtained. It can be seen that the antireflection layer can be formed in a very short time by forming the target by using carbon carbide as a target and forming the high refractive layer using conductive titanium oxide as a target by sputtering.
- a feature of the image display device according to the fourth invention of the present invention is that, in the image display plate having the above-described configuration, the transparent substrate 1 and the opposing substrate 2 are formed by using a thermosetting adhesive or a photocuring adhesive. This is the point of connection. Specifically, the bonding between the transparent substrate 1 and the counter substrate 2 in the image display plate 31 of the image display device of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to FIGS. .
- a transparent substrate 1 provided with a display electrode 3 on its surface and a counter substrate 2 provided with a counter electrode 4 on one surface thereof are prepared.
- the display electrode 3 is provided for each image display element 32, and a gap for providing the partition 7 is provided between the display electrodes 3.
- the counter electrode 4 is provided for each image display element 32, and a partition wall 7 stands up from between the counter electrodes 4.
- a sealing adhesive is prepared, and the particles are filled and the adhesive is applied.
- a thermosetting adhesive or a photo-curing adhesive preferably Prepare an adhesive containing at least one compound having a hydroxyl group, an acrylic group, or a methacryl group. Any conventionally known adhesive can be used as long as it is a thermosetting adhesive or a light-curing adhesive. However, as a preferable example, Tosoh EVA Ultracene UE75 OR is added to 100 parts by weight based on 100 parts by weight. Prepare a sealing adhesive containing 40 parts by weight of neopentyl alcohol and 2 parts by weight of benzoyl peroxide. Then, as shown in FIG. 13 (b), the space constituting the image display element 32 between the partition walls 7 is filled with white negatively-chargeable particles 5 and black positively-chargeable particles 6, and is transparent.
- the adhesive 33 prepared by the dispenser is applied to the four side frames of the substrate 1.
- the two substrates are set and the sealing adhesive is hardened by heat or light irradiation. That is, as shown in FIG. 13 (c), the transparent substrate 1 and the opposing substrate 2 are set in a state where the transparent substrate 1 and the opposing substrate 2 are bonded via the adhesive 33, and heat or heat is applied depending on the type of the adhesive 33.
- the sealing adhesive 33 is cured by irradiating light (in the case of the adhesive having the composition shown as an example above, heating it at 130 for 10 minutes). Through the above steps, the image display plate 31 is obtained.
- FIGS. 13 (a) to 13 (c) three image display elements 32 are provided on the cross section shown in the figure, but it is understood that the number is not limited to three. Not even. Further, in the above-described example, the example of the image display panel having the configuration shown in FIG. 8 in which the display electrode is provided on the transparent substrate 1 and the counter electrode 4 is provided on the counter substrate 2 has been described. It is apparent that a similar effect can be obtained even with the image display panel having the configuration shown in FIG.
- each image display element is formed by the partition wall 7 provided between the transparent substrate 1 and the counter substrate 2, and at that time, the shape of the partition wall 7 is The point is that the bottom width wb of the substrate 2 is larger than the head width wt of the transparent substrate 1.
- FIGS. 15A and 15B are longitudinal sectional views each showing an example of the shape of the partition wall 7 used in the image display device of the present invention. Normally, as shown in Fig.
- the bottom width wb of the counter substrate 2 side is larger than the head width wt of the transparent substrate 1 side in a trapezoidal cross section, more preferably, the head width wt and the bottom width wb And a trapezoidal cross section with a ratio wt Zw b of 0.5 or less.
- a trapezoidal cross section with a ratio wt Zw b of 0.5 or less.
- one with a head width wt of almost 0 and a substantially triangular cross section can also be used. When this ratio approaches 0, the head width wt also approaches 0. In this case, the effect of removing particles and the effect of increasing the display area can be further enhanced.
- the head width wt must be determined in consideration of the degree of bonding, since the bonding with the head may be insufficient.
- the cross section of the partition 7 is rectangular, and the head width wt of the partition 7 on the transparent substrate 1 side and the bottom width wb of the partition wall on the counter substrate 2 side are the same width.
- the aperture ratio of the transparent substrate 1 can be increased, and the display area can be increased.
- the aperture ratio of the space can be increased as compared with the conventional example, and Since the flat part of the head width wt is small, particles are less likely to remain in that part, eliminating the process of removing particles from the head width wt part, simplifying the handling of particles when manufacturing image display devices.
- FIGS. 14 (a) to (c) and FIG. Each of them is characterized in that the shape of the partition 7 is optimized.
- FIG. 14A shows a state in which negatively-chargeable particles 5 and positively-chargeable particles are arranged between the opposing transparent substrate 1 and opposing substrate 2 in the reversible image display device of the present invention.
- the positively-chargeable particles 6 are moved by the Coulomb force as shown in Fig. 14 (b). Then, the negatively charged particles 5 move to the counter electrode 4 side.
- the display surface viewed from the transparent substrate 1 side looks like the color of the positively-chargeable particles 6.
- the potential of the power supply is switched, and the display electrode 3 and When a voltage is applied to the counter electrode 4 so that a potential difference opposite to that described above is generated, the negatively-chargeable particles 5 move to the display electrode 3 due to Coulomb force as shown in FIG. 6 moves to the side of the counter electrode 4.
- the display surface viewed from the transparent substrate 1 side looks like the color of the negatively-chargeable particles 5.
- the display between Fig. 14 (b) and Fig. 14 (c) can be repeated by simply inverting the potential of the power supply. In this way, the color is reversibly changed by reversing the potential of the power supply. be able to. For example, if the negatively-chargeable particles 5 are white and the positively-chargeable particles 6 are black, or if the negatively-chargeable particles 5 are black and the positively-chargeable particles 6 are white, the display is reversible between white and black. Display. In the method of the present invention, since each particle is stuck to the electrode by the mirror image force, the display image is retained for a long time even after the power is turned off, and the memory is preferably kept at a ft.
- the electrodes in the example shown in FIG. 14, two types of electrodes having different potentials, the display electrode 3 and the counter electrode 4, are both provided on the side of the counter substrate 2 facing the transparent substrate 2.
- FIG. 16 there is a method in which the display electrode 3 is placed on the transparent substrate 1 and the counter electrode 4 is placed on the counter substrate 2, but in this case, the display electrode 3 is transparent. Electrodes are required. In the example shown in FIG. 14, since both the display electrode 3 and the counter electrode 4 may be opaque electrodes, inexpensive and low-resistance metal electrodes such as copper and aluminum can be used. For the application of the external voltage, DC or AC may be superimposed.
- Each electrode is preferably formed with an insulating coat layer so that the charge of the charged particles does not escape.
- This coat layer is particularly preferable if a positively chargeable resin is used for the negatively chargeable particles and a negatively chargeable resin is used for the positively chargeable particles, because the charge of the particles hardly escapes.
- Example 4 1 First Example: Particles
- the mold was transferred by a mold 42 to form a partition structure.
- the bottom width of partition 7 was larger than the head width.
- the transparent substrate 1 and the opposing substrate 2 were positioned, a sealing material was applied between the transparent substrate 1 and the partition 7, and the transparent substrate 1 and the partition 7 were bonded. As a result, it was possible to obtain an image display device having a somewhat large display area and good adhesion between the partition 7 and the transparent substrate 1.
- the mold 42 was pressed against the counter substrate 2, and the UV-curable acrylic resin was poured. UV light was applied from the opposite substrate 2 (glass substrate) side to l OOO m JZ cm 2 to cure the resin and form the partition structure.
- the width of the bottom of the partition wall 7 was larger than that of the example 41 than the width of the head.
- the transparent substrate 1 and the opposing substrate 2 were positioned, a sealing material was applied between the transparent substrate 1 and the partition 7, and the transparent substrate 1 and the partition 7 were bonded. .
- a sealing material was applied between the transparent substrate 1 and the partition 7, and the transparent substrate 1 and the partition 7 were bonded. .
- the partition structure was formed by the photolithography method in the exposure and development steps. After the particles 5 and 6 are filled in the partition structure by the spraying method, when bonding the transparent substrate 1, unnecessary particles need to be removed from the tip of the partition 7, but in this structure, the area on the partition 7 is large, It is necessary to remove enough and the process becomes complicated. There was a title.
- Example 4 3 (2nd example: powder fluid)
- the mold was transferred by a mold 42 to form a partition structure.
- the bottom width of partition 7 was larger than the head width.
- powder fluids 5 and 6 are filled by the spraying method using the partition wall structure, when laminating the transparent substrate 1, unnecessary powder fluids must be removed from the tip of the partition wall 7. Then, powder fluids 5 and 6 could be easily removed.
- the transparent substrate 1 and the opposing substrate 2 were positioned, a sealing material was applied between the transparent substrate 1 and the partition 7, and the transparent substrate 1 and the partition 7 were bonded. As a result, an image display device having a somewhat large display area and good adhesion between the partition 7 and the transparent substrate 1 was obtained.
- Example 4 4 (Second example: powder fluid)
- the mold 42 was pressed against the counter substrate 2, and the UV-curable acrylic resin was poured.
- UV counter substrate 2 glass substrate 1 0 0 O m J / cm 2 was irradiated from the side, to cure the resin, thereby forming a barrier structure.
- the bottom width of the partition wall 7 was larger than that of the example 43 than the head width.
- the partition structure was formed by the photolithography method in the exposure and development steps. After the powder fluids 5 and 6 are filled into the partition wall structure by the spraying method, the transparent substrate 1 is bonded. In this case, it is necessary to remove unnecessary powder fluid from the tip of the partition wall 7, but in this structure, the area on the partition wall 7 is large and it is necessary to sufficiently remove the powder fluid, and the process becomes complicated. There was a problem.
- a feature of the method for manufacturing an image display device according to the sixth invention of the present invention lies in that, in manufacturing the image display device having the above-described configuration, the method for manufacturing the partition 7 for forming an image display element is improved. That is, as shown in FIG. 20, an adhesive 51 is provided at the tip of the partition 7 formed on the counter substrate 2, and the partition 7 and the transparent substrate 1 are fixed via the adhesive 51, and the transparent substrate An image display element is formed between the transparent substrate 1 and the opposing substrate 2 by means of a partition 7 between the transparent substrate 1 and the opposing substrate 2, or as shown in FIG.
- an adhesive 51 is provided at the tip of the partition 7-1, and the partitions 7-1 and 7-2 are fixed via the adhesive 51, so that the gap between the transparent substrate 1 and the opposing substrate 2 is provided.
- An image display element is formed by the partition 7.
- the negative chargeable particles 5 and the positive chargeable particles 6 and the electrodes 3 and 4 are omitted from the description. In fact, these members exist. The same applies to powder fluids.
- the partition walls 7 By forming the partition walls 7 in this manner, the partition walls 7 can be firmly formed between the transparent substrate 1 and the counter substrate 2, and the outflow of particles into the space constituting the image display element is suppressed. In this state, a predetermined amount of particles can be completely enclosed.
- Example 5 1 (first example: particles)
- thermosetting adhesive 52 is screen-printed on the tip of the partition wall 7 to form a transparent substrate. 1 was positioned with respect to the counter substrate 2, and heated and pressed at 100 ° C. for 20 minutes X 0. IMPa, and the partition wall 7 and the transparent substrate 1 were joined via an adhesive 52.
- thermosetting adhesive 12 a radical polymerizable adhesive containing an organic peroxide was used. Then, the initial characteristics and the display characteristics after the display was repeated 50 million times were obtained and evaluated.
- the evaluation method used an optical densitometer, and calculated the difference between the maximum OD value and the minimum OD value when a voltage was applied to the image display device as a contrast ratio. The results are shown in Table 4 below.
- a partition wall 7 was arranged on the counter substrate 2, and the space constituting the image display element formed between the partition walls 7 was filled with negatively-chargeable particles 5 and positive-band particles 6.
- a UV curable adhesive 53 is laminated on the entire surface of the transparent substrate 1 facing the opposite substrate 2, the transparent substrate 1 is positioned with respect to the opposite substrate 2 , and UV of lOOOmJZcm2 is irradiated.
- the partition wall 7 and the transparent substrate 1 were joined via an adhesive 53. Then, the initial characteristics and the display characteristics after the display was repeated 50 million times were obtained, and evaluated in the same manner as in Example 51. The results are shown in Table 4 below.
- a partition wall 7 was arranged on the counter substrate 2, and the space constituting the image display element formed on the partition wall 7 was filled with negatively-chargeable particles 5 and positively-chargeable particles 6.
- the adhesive is not applied to the partition 7, only the positioning of the transparent substrate 1 and the counter substrate 2 is performed, and the transparent substrate 1 and the counter substrate 2 are laminated, and the corners of the transparent substrate 1 and the partition 7 are formed.
- the initial characteristics and the display characteristics after the display was repeated 50 million times were obtained, and evaluated in the same manner as in Example 51. The results are shown in Table 4 below. Table 4
- Example 5 3 (2nd example: powder fluid)
- thermosetting adhesive 52 is screen-printed on the tip of the partition wall 7, the transparent substrate 1 is positioned with respect to the counter substrate 2, and heated and pressed at 100 ° C. for 20 minutes at 0.IMPa.
- the partition 7 and the transparent substrate 1 were joined via an adhesive 52.
- the thermosetting adhesive 52 a radical polymerizable adhesive containing an organic peroxide was used. Then, the initial characteristics and the display characteristics after the display was repeated 500,000 times were obtained and evaluated. The evaluation was performed using an optical densitometer, and the difference between the maximum 0 D value and the minimum OD value when a voltage was applied to the image display device was calculated as the contrast ratio. The results are shown in Table 5 below.
- Example 5 4 (Second example: powder fluid)
- a partition wall 7 is arranged on the counter substrate 2, and the space constituting the image display element formed between the partition walls 7 is filled with the negatively charged powder fluid 5 and the positively charged powder fluid 6. did.
- a UV curable adhesive 5 3 is laminated on the entire surface of the transparent substrate 1 facing the opposite substrate 2, and the transparent substrate 1 is positioned with respect to the opposite substrate 2, and l OOO m J Irradiation of UV / cm 2 was performed , and the partition wall 7 and the transparent substrate 1 were joined via an adhesive 53. Then, the initial characteristics and the display characteristics after the display was repeated 500,000 times were obtained, and evaluated in the same manner as in Example 53. The results are shown in Table 5 below.
- a partition wall 7 is arranged on the counter substrate 2, and the space constituting the image display element formed on the partition wall 7 is filled with the negatively charged powder fluid 5 and the positively charged powder fluid 6. did .
- the adhesive is not applied to the partition 7, only the positioning of the transparent substrate 1 and the opposing substrate 2 is performed, and the transparent substrate 1 and the opposing substrate 2 are laminated.
- a sealing agent was provided and joined. Then, the initial characteristics and the display characteristics after the display was repeated 500,000 times were obtained, and evaluated in the same manner as in Example 53. The results are shown in Table 5 below.
- the response speed is fast, the structure is simple, inexpensive and excellent in stability, and a circuit for displaying an image is provided.
- the members such as the electrodes can be mounted on the board in a short time at low temperature. Therefore, adverse effects on the substrate when electrodes and the like are mounted can be minimized, and an image display device with excellent performance can be manufactured efficiently.
- the response speed is high, the structure is inexpensive and excellent in stability with a simple structure, and the image display plate is interposed between the optical function member and the transparent conductive layer.
- the response speed is fast, the structure is simple, the cost is low, the stability is excellent, and the reflection of external light is suppressed. And a clear image can be obtained.
- the antireflection layer can be formed in a very short time by forming the low refractive layer using conductive carbon dioxide as a target and the high refractive layer using conductive titanium oxide as a target by sputtering.
- an antireflection film having high productivity can be easily produced.
- the two substrates are formed by using a thermosetting adhesive or a photocuring adhesive.
- the adhesive can be cured in a short time by irradiating heat or light, and the misalignment between the substrates And, and leakage of particles or powdered fluids can be eliminated. Thereby, high image display accuracy of the image display board can be realized.
- the shape of the partition wall is such that the bottom width wb of the opposing substrate side is larger than the head width wt of the transparent substrate side, so that the partition wall in contact with the transparent substrate is formed. Portion can be reduced, the display area can be increased, and when particles or powder fluid are filled into the inside of the image display device surrounded by the partition, particles or powder fluid remaining at the head of the partition can be reduced. Handling of particles or powder fluids during manufacturing can be simplified.
- the transparent substrate By forming a partition on one or both of the opposing substrates, providing an adhesive at the tip of the partition, and bonding the partition and the other substrate or the partition via an adhesive, thereby joining the partition and the substrate.
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Abstract
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Priority Applications (4)
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US10/518,750 US20060087479A1 (en) | 2002-06-21 | 2003-06-20 | Image display and method for manufacturing image display |
JP2004530923A JPWO2004001498A1 (ja) | 2002-06-21 | 2003-06-20 | 画像表示装置及び画像表示装置の製造方法 |
EP03760932A EP1536271A4 (en) | 2002-06-21 | 2003-06-20 | IMAGE DISPLAY AND METHOD FOR PRODUCING AN IMAGE DISPLAY |
AU2003244117A AU2003244117A1 (en) | 2002-06-21 | 2003-06-20 | Image display and method for manufacturing image display |
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Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
EP1536271A4 (en) | 2008-02-13 |
KR100729970B1 (ko) | 2007-06-20 |
EP1536271A1 (en) | 2005-06-01 |
JPWO2004001498A1 (ja) | 2005-10-20 |
KR20050037516A (ko) | 2005-04-22 |
US20060087479A1 (en) | 2006-04-27 |
AU2003244117A1 (en) | 2004-01-06 |
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