Classifications

• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
  • C07F—ACYCLIC, CARBOCYCLIC OR HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS CONTAINING ELEMENTS OTHER THAN CARBON, HYDROGEN, HALOGEN, OXYGEN, NITROGEN, SULFUR, SELENIUM OR TELLURIUM
  • C07F7/00—Compounds containing elements of Groups 4 or 14 of the Periodic Table
  • C07F7/02—Silicon compounds
  • C07F7/08—Compounds having one or more C—Si linkages
  • C07F7/10—Compounds having one or more C—Si linkages containing nitrogen having a Si-N linkage
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
  • C07F—ACYCLIC, CARBOCYCLIC OR HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS CONTAINING ELEMENTS OTHER THAN CARBON, HYDROGEN, HALOGEN, OXYGEN, NITROGEN, SULFUR, SELENIUM OR TELLURIUM
  • C07F7/00—Compounds containing elements of Groups 4 or 14 of the Periodic Table
  • C07F7/02—Silicon compounds
  • C07F7/08—Compounds having one or more C—Si linkages
  • C07F7/18—Compounds having one or more C—Si linkages as well as one or more C—O—Si linkages
  • C07F7/1804—Compounds having Si-O-C linkages
  • C07F7/1872—Preparation; Treatments not provided for in C07F7/20
  • C07F7/1892—Preparation; Treatments not provided for in C07F7/20 by reactions not provided for in C07F7/1876 - C07F7/1888
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
  • C07F—ACYCLIC, CARBOCYCLIC OR HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS CONTAINING ELEMENTS OTHER THAN CARBON, HYDROGEN, HALOGEN, OXYGEN, NITROGEN, SULFUR, SELENIUM OR TELLURIUM
  • C07F7/00—Compounds containing elements of Groups 4 or 14 of the Periodic Table
  • C07F7/02—Silicon compounds
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
  • C07F—ACYCLIC, CARBOCYCLIC OR HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS CONTAINING ELEMENTS OTHER THAN CARBON, HYDROGEN, HALOGEN, OXYGEN, NITROGEN, SULFUR, SELENIUM OR TELLURIUM
  • C07F7/00—Compounds containing elements of Groups 4 or 14 of the Periodic Table
  • C07F7/02—Silicon compounds
  • C07F7/08—Compounds having one or more C—Si linkages
  • C07F7/18—Compounds having one or more C—Si linkages as well as one or more C—O—Si linkages
  • C07F7/1804—Compounds having Si-O-C linkages

Definitions

• the present invention relates to an improved process of producing secondary and tertiary amino-functional silanes, and to the novel 10 silyl imines, silyl imides, and secondary and tertiary amino-functional silanes produced therefrom.
• Amino silanes are commonly used as adhesion promoters in
• adhesives and sealants and as coupling agents in compositions used in the plastics and glass-fibers industries and in foundries, in fabric treatment compositions, and in personal care products.
• secondary and tertiary amino functionalized silanes are useful as coupling agents in the fiberglass and automotive glass
• Reductive aminations are limited to symmetrical secondary amines, and often occur in such low yields that they are cost prohibitive, while nucleophilic substitution generates one equivalent of ydrochloride salt that must be recycled or disposed of.
• Primary amines are one of the more reactive functional groups
• the present invention overcomes the aforementioned problems by performing a water-producing condensation reaction between a carbonyl compound and a water-insensitive carrier amine, for instance butyl amine or aniline, to give an imine as the first intermediate adduct product; after removing water from the product and drying by conventional means, the carrier amine is then regenerated and recovered in an exchange reaction with a water sensitive aminoorganosilane to produce a second silyl imine intermediate adduct which is further reduced to either a secondary or tertiary amine depending on the nature of the aminoorganosilane.
• a water-insensitive carrier amine for instance butyl amine or aniline
• the starting carbonyl compound may be a ketone, aldehyde, carboxylic acid or anhydride.
• the first and second intermediate adduct products are imines (i.e. aldimines and ketimines, respectively).
• imines i.e. aldimines and ketimines, respectively.
• Compounds which exist as aldehyde and ketone equivalents, e.g. ketals and acetals, may also be used to produce imine intermediates, h the case where the carbonyl compound is an anhydride or carboxylic acid, the resulting intermediate compounds are amides.
• the second intermediate compounds, i.e. ketimino, aldimino and imido silanes, produced by the process of the invention have utility in their own right, as adhesion promoters, crosslinkers, as components of silicate clearcoats and the like.
• EP 976771 incorporated by reference herein in its entirety, describes a curable resin composition containing a curable resin and a ketimine structure-bearing organo-silicon compound that is useful as an adhesive. With respect to such compounds, therefore the final reduction step in the process described above may be eliminated.
• the present invention herein also relates to the novel secondary and to novel second intermediate compounds, i.e. ketimino, aldimino and imido silanes, formed by the processes as described above.
• the present invention provides a process whereby novel and valuable silyl imines or silyl imides having hydrolyzable groups bound to silicon can be produced and isolated. Silyl imines and imides produced by this method can be obtained in high yield and substantially siloxane-free. More particularly, the process of the invention provides product yields typically exceeding 90 % and containing less than about 2 weight percent siloxanes. Moreover, subsequent reduction of the aforementioned imines provides a novel route to secondary and tertiary amines.
• process steps of the present invention can be practiced using either a batch mode process, or using a continuous process.
• the first step in the process of the invention involves a condensation reaction which forms an imine or imide from a water insensitive volatilizable primary amine (a "carrier” amine) and a carbonyl compound.
• the imine forming condensation reaction may be represented by the following general reaction (I):
• R 1 is a hydrocarbon group, suitably one having from 1 to 30 carbon atoms, although in principle even larger hydrocarbon groups may be employed as R 1 groups, and may be an alkyl, aryl, alkaryl, aralkyl or alkarylalkyl group. Preferably, R 1 has from 1 to 20 carbon atoms. R 1 may also ' be an alkenyl or alkynyl group, although in such cases the final reduction step will likely hydrogenate some or all of the sites of aliphatic carbon-carbon unsaturation.
• R 2 is hydrogen or a hydrocarbon group having from 1 to 20 carbon atoms, more preferably from 1 to 4 carbon atoms, and may be suitably an alkyl, aryl, alkaryl, aralkyl or alkarylalkyl group, or R 1 and R 2 together form a cyclic hydrocarbon group containing up to 8 carbon atoms.
• R 3 is a hydrogen or a hydrocarbon group having from 1 to 10 carbon atoms, more preferably from 3 to 8 carbon atoms, and may be an alkyl, aryl, alkaryl, aralkyl or alkarylalkyl group, and n is 0 to 20, preferably 1 to 3.
• R 1 is benzyl
• R 2 is hydrogen
• R 3 is phenyl
• the primary carrier amines, R 3 NH 2 useful herein include but are not limited to, allyl amine, ammonia, aniline, butyl amine, ethyl amine, isopropyl amine, tert-octyl amine, and so forth.
• Preferred amines are relatively low boiling, or are amines which will form a readily volatilizable azeotrope with a non-aqueous solvent such as toluene.
• Butylamine, which has a boiling point of about 76° C is an example of a preferred relatively low boiling amine.
• Aniline which can be azeotropically distilled with toluene, is an example of an amine which is readily volatilizable with a non-aqueous solvent.
• the condensation reaction (I) above may also be implemented starting with a compound which exists in equilibrium with an aldehyde or ketone, in particular an acetal, ketal, or an aldehyde-ammonia trimer.
• Useful aldehydes include, but are not limited to, formaldehyde, acetaldehyde, butyraldehyde, hexanal, 2-ethyl hexanal, benzaldehyde, 1,4-terephthaldicarboxyaldehyde, glutaric dialdehyde, furftiraldehyde, and so forth.
• the aldehydes useful in carrying out the invention include difunctional aldehydes, such as difunctional terephthaldehyde, which ultimately result in production of difunctional amino silanes.
• Useful ketones include, but are not limited to, cyclohexanone, acetone, butanone, acetophenone, and so forth.
• Useful aldehyde-ammonia trimers include, but are not limited to, 2,4,6-trimethyl-l,3,5-hexahydrotriazine.
• the carrier amine R NH 2 may also be reacted with an anhydride or carboxylic acid.
• a silyl imide intermediate is formed in the subsequent Step 2, described hereinbelow, rather than a silyl imine intermediate.
• the reaction is illustrated by the condensation of an amine with succinic anhydride as depicted in equation (II):
• Equation (II) R is as previously defined.
• succinimides is described in U.S. Patent No. 5,145,984 and in U.S. Patent No. 5,286,873, both of which are incorporated by reference herein in their entirety.
• bisimide formation is described in EP 342 823, incorporated by reference herein in its entirety.
• any carboxylic acid or anhydride thereof may be used.
• Carboxylic acids having from 1 to 22 carbon atoms and their anhydrides are preferred.
• Useful anhydrides include, but are not limited to, succinic anhydride, maleic anhydride, glutaric anhydride, acetic anhydride, propionic anhydride, and so forth.
• Useful carboxylic acids include, but are not limited to, succinic acid, maleic acid, glutaric acid, acetic acid, propionic acid, butyric acid, and various fatty acids such as lauric, myristic, palmitic, steric and so forth.
• the resultant imine is N-benzylidene aniline where R 1 is phenyl, n is 1, R 2 is hydrogen, and R 3 is phenyl.
• the bulk water produced in the condensation reaction of an aldehyde or ketone with a primary amine can be removed by conventional means, such as phase separation with a separatory funnel or by azeoptropic distillation.
• residual water can be removed using an inorganic dessicaiit such as sodium sulfate, magnesium sulfate, molecular sieves, and the like.
• Step 2 Formation of Second Intermediate by Exchange with Silylalkylamine
• the imine, or imide product of the first step, after drying, is then subjected to an exchange reaction with a primary aminoalkylsilane under anhydrous conditions to form a corresponding iminoalkylsilane or imidoalkylsilane.
• the carrier amine, R 3 NH 2 , used in step 1 is regenerated in this step and can be reused.
• the reaction of the second step is illustrated for imines by the following equation (III):
• R 1 , R 2 ,R 3 and n are as previously defined, each R 4 is independently hydrogen, a hydrocarbon group having from 1 to 8 carbon atoms, an alkoxy, or an acyloxy groups, and m is 2-20, preferably 3-5.
• R 4 groups include hydrocarbon groups containing from 1 to 8 carbon atoms, more preferably from 1 to 3 carbon atoms.
• Some specific examples of R 4 include, but are not limited to, methyl, ethyl, butyl, propyl, phenyl, benzyl, methoxy, ethoxy, butoxy, propoxy, and acetoxy. Since the invention is particularly advantageous in the manufacture of water sensitive amino silanes it is preferred that at least one of the R 4 groups, more preferably 2 or 3 of the R 4 groups, are hydrolyzable alkoxy groups, for instance methoxy, ethoxy or isopropoxy, or acyloxy groups, for instance acetoxy. However, it should be understood that the invention can also be used to produce aminoalkylsilanes which are not water sensitive, such as where the R groups are all methyl groups.
• the regenerated carrier amine R NH 2 is suitably removed under reduced pressure and recycled.
• the iminoalkylsilanes and imidoalkylsilanes having at least one hydrolyzable alkoxy or acetoxy group thereon which are produced in this step are novel compounds which are useful as adhesion promoters, fiber sizing agents and the like. Consequently, if desired, the products of this exchange step may be isolated and used without being subjected to the third, reduction, step described below.
• silylalkylimine or silylalkylimide produced as the second intermediate in the previous step can then be reduced to a corresponding aminoalkylsilane using methods and catalysts conventionally known to those of skill in the art.
• the reduction is depicted for second intermediate imine compounds in equation (IV), below:
• R 1 , R 2 , R 4 , m and n are as previously defined.
• Equation (V) R 4 and m are as previously defined.
• the reduction of this step can be accomplished in a variety of ways. For instance, see Tetrahedron Letters, Vol. 39(9), 1998, pages 1017- 1020. Catalysts such as palladium on carbon, platinum on carbon, and so forth, have been successfully used. While many methods have already been reported for the reduction of imines to amines, catalytic hydrogenation is the most economical.
• the catalysts useful in reducing the second intermediate imine to the corresponding amine include, but are not limited to, nickel, cobalt, platinum, palladium, rhodium, and so forth.
• Other reducing agents such as aluminum hydrides, borohydrides, hydrosiloxanes, and so forth, are also known and can be employed in this reduction step.
• Bis- aminoalkysilane compounds can be produced using the method of the present invention, depending on the starting materials selected. For instance, the use of the difunctional aldehyde terephthaldehyde, results in bis-(aminoalkylsilyl)phenylene compounds .
• the secondary and tertiary amino functionalized silanes of the present invention find utility as adhesion promoters and as coupling agents.
• the amines can be used as adhesion promoters in adhesives and sealants, and as coupling agents in compositions used in the plastics and glass- fibers industries and in foundries, in fabric treatment compositions, and in personal care products.
• the secondary and tertiary amino functionalized silanes of the present invention are useful as coupling agents in the fiberglass and automotive glass industries.
• Step 2(or step la) Conversion of Imine to Tertiary Enamine h some cases it may be desirable to produce a tertiary amine from a ketone or aldehyde starting compound. This can be accomplished if, in
• Tertiary amines can be produced from imines by the route of the following equation (VI):
• R 1 , R 2 , R 3 , R 4 and n are as defined previously.
• the invention is illustrated by the following non-limiting examples.

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• 2001
  • 2001-11-16 US US09/990,959 patent/US6586612B2/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
• 2002
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