WO2002102507A1 - Un catalizador bimetalico para el tratamiento de aguas que contienen nitratos - Google Patents
Un catalizador bimetalico para el tratamiento de aguas que contienen nitratos Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2002102507A1 WO2002102507A1 PCT/ES2002/000296 ES0200296W WO02102507A1 WO 2002102507 A1 WO2002102507 A1 WO 2002102507A1 ES 0200296 W ES0200296 W ES 0200296W WO 02102507 A1 WO02102507 A1 WO 02102507A1
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- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- noble metal
- hydrotalcite
- catalyst according
- catalyst
- incorporated
- Prior art date
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- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 54
- 150000002823 nitrates Chemical class 0.000 title claims abstract description 27
- 238000011282 treatment Methods 0.000 title claims description 9
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title abstract description 14
- GDVKFRBCXAPAQJ-UHFFFAOYSA-A dialuminum;hexamagnesium;carbonate;hexadecahydroxide Chemical class [OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[Mg+2].[Mg+2].[Mg+2].[Mg+2].[Mg+2].[Mg+2].[Al+3].[Al+3].[O-]C([O-])=O GDVKFRBCXAPAQJ-UHFFFAOYSA-A 0.000 claims abstract description 42
- 229910000510 noble metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 41
- 229960001545 hydrotalcite Drugs 0.000 claims abstract description 32
- 229910001701 hydrotalcite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 32
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 27
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium Chemical compound [Mg] FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 claims description 19
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 19
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 16
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 15
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 claims description 15
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 14
- 238000005470 impregnation Methods 0.000 claims description 13
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000003643 water by type Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 11
- BDAGIHXWWSANSR-UHFFFAOYSA-N methanoic acid Natural products OC=O BDAGIHXWWSANSR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- 229910052763 palladium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910002651 NO3 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- NHNBFGGVMKEFGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitrate Chemical compound [O-][N+]([O-])=O NHNBFGGVMKEFGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000001354 calcination Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000003638 chemical reducing agent Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000002243 precursor Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- OSWFIVFLDKOXQC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-(3-methoxyphenyl)aniline Chemical compound COC1=CC=CC(C=2C=CC(N)=CC=2)=C1 OSWFIVFLDKOXQC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 235000019253 formic acid Nutrition 0.000 claims description 5
- 150000004706 metal oxides Chemical group 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052697 platinum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052741 iridium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052703 rhodium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052707 ruthenium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052709 silver Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052738 indium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000007791 liquid phase Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052718 tin Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000012245 magnesium oxide Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- AXZKOIWUVFPNLO-UHFFFAOYSA-N magnesium;oxygen(2-) Chemical class [O-2].[Mg+2] AXZKOIWUVFPNLO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000004435 hydrogen atom Chemical group [H]* 0.000 claims 1
- 229910044991 metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- 150000002826 nitrites Chemical class 0.000 abstract description 6
- 239000004411 aluminium Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000006722 reduction reaction Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N palladium Substances [Pd] KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 18
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 17
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 12
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 10
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia Chemical compound N QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 8
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 7
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- -1 nitrate ions Chemical class 0.000 description 5
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 5
- 229910021529 ammonia Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 238000011109 contamination Methods 0.000 description 4
- YIXJRHPUWRPCBB-UHFFFAOYSA-N magnesium nitrate Chemical compound [Mg+2].[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O YIXJRHPUWRPCBB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 description 4
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- IOVCWXUNBOPUCH-UHFFFAOYSA-M Nitrite anion Chemical compound [O-]N=O IOVCWXUNBOPUCH-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
- 230000003197 catalytic effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000035484 reaction time Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 description 3
- BNGXYYYYKUGPPF-UHFFFAOYSA-M (3-methylphenyl)methyl-triphenylphosphanium;chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].CC1=CC=CC(C[P+](C=2C=CC=CC=2)(C=2C=CC=CC=2)C=2C=CC=CC=2)=C1 BNGXYYYYKUGPPF-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-O Ammonium Chemical compound [NH4+] QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-O 0.000 description 2
- 229910002668 Pd-Cu Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910002677 Pd–Sn Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titan oxide Chemical compound O=[Ti]=O GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- MCMNRKCIXSYSNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zirconium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Zr]=O MCMNRKCIXSYSNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000032683 aging Effects 0.000 description 2
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005984 hydrogenation reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000012071 phase Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002244 precipitate Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 2
- ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chlorine atom Chemical compound [Cl] ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000005749 Copper compound Substances 0.000 description 1
- 241001465754 Metazoa Species 0.000 description 1
- 229910010413 TiO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000002378 acidificating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910001854 alkali hydroxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000008044 alkali metal hydroxides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000012670 alkaline solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000001450 anions Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000000721 bacterilogical effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002585 base Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052599 brucite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000004649 carbonic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000009903 catalytic hydrogenation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000460 chlorine Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052801 chlorine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000000975 co-precipitation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000001880 copper compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- XTVVROIMIGLXTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N copper(II) nitrate Chemical compound [Cu+2].[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O XTVVROIMIGLXTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000909 electrodialysis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003337 fertilizer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000706 filtrate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012467 final product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009472 formulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000499 gel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002431 hydrogen Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000002887 hydroxy group Chemical group [H]O* 0.000 description 1
- 238000005342 ion exchange Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010808 liquid waste Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010815 organic waste Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000001556 precipitation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000746 purification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000008213 purified water Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011946 reduction process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001223 reverse osmosis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010517 secondary reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011949 solid catalyst Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002910 solid waste Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F1/70—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by reduction
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J23/00—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00
- B01J23/005—Spinels
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J23/00—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00
- B01J23/007—Mixed salts
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J23/00—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00
- B01J23/70—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of the iron group metals or copper
- B01J23/89—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of the iron group metals or copper combined with noble metals
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J23/00—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00
- B01J23/70—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of the iron group metals or copper
- B01J23/89—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of the iron group metals or copper combined with noble metals
- B01J23/8926—Copper and noble metals
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J35/00—Catalysts, in general, characterised by their form or physical properties
- B01J35/60—Catalysts, in general, characterised by their form or physical properties characterised by their surface properties or porosity
- B01J35/61—Surface area
- B01J35/615—100-500 m2/g
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J37/00—Processes, in general, for preparing catalysts; Processes, in general, for activation of catalysts
- B01J37/02—Impregnation, coating or precipitation
- B01J37/0201—Impregnation
- B01J37/0205—Impregnation in several steps
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J37/00—Processes, in general, for preparing catalysts; Processes, in general, for activation of catalysts
- B01J37/02—Impregnation, coating or precipitation
- B01J37/03—Precipitation; Co-precipitation
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F2101/00—Nature of the contaminant
- C02F2101/10—Inorganic compounds
- C02F2101/16—Nitrogen compounds, e.g. ammonia
- C02F2101/163—Nitrates
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F2101/00—Nature of the contaminant
- C02F2101/10—Inorganic compounds
- C02F2101/16—Nitrogen compounds, e.g. ammonia
- C02F2101/166—Nitrites
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F2101/00—Nature of the contaminant
- C02F2101/30—Organic compounds
- C02F2101/38—Organic compounds containing nitrogen
Definitions
- the present invention belongs to the field of catalysts, particularly that of bimetal catalysts, useful in the purification of natural waters by catalytic removal of the nitrates and nitrites present.
- the contamination of natural waters by nitrates is one of the most important problems that have arisen in recent years in practically every country in the world.
- the increased concentration of nitrates in water is directly related to the massive use of fertilizers in the field and to the waste generated by animal farms, which has produced a major problem of contamination in natural waters.
- Nitrates are stable and highly soluble in water ions, which can be removed by physico-chemical treatments such as ion exchange, reverse osmosis and electrodialysis. However, these techniques end up generating a concentrated solution with these ions, thus requiring the use of other more environmentally friendly techniques [A. Kapoor and T. Viraraghavan, J. Environ. Eng., 123 (4), 371 (1997)].
- nitrites can be easily removed with any hydrogenation catalyst, but it is necessary to add a second cocatalyst to achieve the reduction of nitrates to nitrites [Hórold, S., Vorlop, KD, Tacke , T., Sell, M., Catal. Today 17, 21 (1993)].
- the hydrogenation catalyst that has a higher activity for nitrite reduction without generating ammonia is Pd followed by Pt and at a greater distance Rh, Ir and Ru [Hórold, S., Vorlop, KD, Tacke, T., Sell, M ., Catal. Today 17, 21 (1993)]. This leads to palladium being the mainly used metal.
- alumina, silica, ammonium polymers, etc. being the most suitable, those They have a larger specific surface area and have a high diameter and pore volume, so that diffusion problems are reduced.
- Pd-Zn, Pd-Sn and Pd-In also catalyze this reaction, with a high selectivity to nitrogen formation, with Pd-Sn giving the best results, although cost of decreased catalyst life span [Berndt, H., Moeninnich, I., Luecke, B., Hahnlein, M., Vorlop, KD, EuropaCat-3, Vol. 1, 38412; U. Prüsse, MN.
- the present invention aims to overcome the drawbacks of conventional nitrate-containing water treatments, by means of a catalyst for the reduction of nitrates in waters in which it has been surprisingly found that the presence of a support with a structure of Mg / Al and especially with a hydrotalcite structure in the overall catalyst formulation produces a very active, selective and stable catalyst.
- the present invention refers to a bimetal catalyst for the treatment of waters containing nitrates, comprising a support and at least one noble metal and at least one non-noble metal, characterized in that the support, in elemental and anhydrous form, has a composition corresponding to the formula
- X is at least one noble metal, preferably selected from Pd, Pt, Ru, Ir and Rh;
- Y is at least one non-noble metal, preferably selected from Cu, Sn, Zn, In, Ni,
- Mg is magnesium
- Al is aluminum.
- Mg and Al preferably form a hydrotalcite structure.
- the metals may have been incorporated into the hydrotalcite structure by impregnation or during the hydrotalcite synthesis step.
- the non-noble metal or metals may have been incorporated into the hydrotalcite structure during the hydrotalcite synthesis stage, in which case the noble metal or metals have been incorporated by impregnation in a stage subsequent to the synthesis stage.
- Mg and Al are present in the form of aluminum and magnesium oxides obtained from a hydrotalcite precursor by calcination in air at temperatures between 350 and 800 ° C, for a period between 1 and 20 hours.
- at least one noble metal and at least one non-noble metal may have been incorporated into the hydrotalcite precursor structure during the hydrotalcite synthesis step.
- the non-noble metal or metals have been incorporated into the structure of the precursor during the hydrotalcite synthesis step to form Mg / Al / non-noble metal oxides, in which case the noble metal or metals have they have been incorporated by impregnation in a stage subsequent to the synthesis stage.
- the catalyst of the present invention is useful for water treatment processes in which nitrates are removed in the liquid phase, and which comprise reducing nitrates to nitrogen using a reducing agent, such as, for example, hydrogen, formic acid, hydrocarbons and combinations thereof.
- Hydrotalcite is formed by a lamellar structure whose structure can be considered derived from that of brucite, Mg (OH) 2 , in which some of the magnesium atoms coordinated octahedrally by OH groups and which form an infinite two-dimensional sheet, have been replaced by trivalent metals (in this case Al 3+ ), thus generating an excess of positive charge in the sheet that has to be compensated by anions (CO 3 " normally) that are located in the interlaminar space.
- a reducing agent such as, for example, hydrogen, formic acid, hydrocarbons and combinations thereof.
- Hydrotalcite is formed by a lamellar structure whose structure can be considered derived from that of brucite, Mg (OH) 2 , in
- Hydrotalcite can be prepared, for example, by coprecipitation of a solution containing the appropriate metals in the form of soluble salts, preferably aluminum nitrate and magnesium nitrate, with an alkaline solution formed by a mixture of alkali hydroxides and carbonates, preferably NaOH and Na 2 CO 3 , in sufficient concentration to achieve total precipitation of the metals from the first solution.
- the two solutions are mixed vigorously.
- the resulting gels are aged between 3 and 20 hours, at a temperature between 20 and 250 ° C.
- the products are filtered and washed until the filtrate has a pH between 6.8 and 7.5. Finally, the product is calcined at a temperature higher than
- the percentage of noble metal oxide with respect to the obtained mixture is between 0.1 and 30% by weight, preferably between 0.5 and 15% by weight.
- the preferred percentage of non-noble metal is in the range of 0.05% to 10% by weight.
- One or both metals can also be incorporated into hydrotalcite by adding a soluble metal salt to the solution containing the Mg and Al salts during the step of synthesis. In this case the concentrations are adjusted to obtain the desired proportions of metals in the final catalyst.
- the synthesized hydrotalcite can be used as a support, or preferably, the hydrotalcite calcined at a temperature between 350 ° C and 800 ° C for a period between 1 and 20 hours, and more preferably the hydrotalcite calcined between 400 and 600 ° C, for a period between 1 and 12 hours. Calcination is carried out in the presence of air and preferably in the absence of CO 2 .
- the second metal can be incorporated by impregnation on the hydrotalcite structure or preferably on the structure resulting from calcining the synthesis hydrotalcite following the calcination conditions described above.
- the resulting material can be used as a catalyst or preferably calcined according to the conditions described above before being used as a catalyst.
- the material is suitable for the treatment of waters containing nitrates and nitrites, in particular to remove nitrates present in natural waters.
- the catalyst in the presence of a reducing agent, preferably hydrogen or a source of hydrogen such as hydrocarbons dissolved in nitrogen, reduces nitrates to nitrogen, forming a minimal amount of ammonia.
- figure 1 shows the concentration of nitrates versus reaction time in the catalysts of examples 1, 2 and 3, according to the reaction conditions described in example 4;
- Figure 2 shows the nitrite concentration versus reaction time in the catalysts of examples 1, 2 and 3, according to the reaction conditions described in example 4;
- Figure 3 shows the ammonium concentration versus reaction time in the catalysts of Examples 1, 2 and 3, according to the reaction conditions described in Example 4.
- 850 ml of an aqueous solution (A) of Mg (NO 3 ) 2 and Al (NO 3 ) 3 : 1,125 M in Mg (H) and 0.375 M in Al (ID) and an aqueous solution (B): 3,375 are prepared M of NaOH and 1 M of Na 2 C0 3 . Both are mixed while stirring vigorously and the pH is maintained at 13. The precipitate is then allowed to age for 18 h at 80 ° C and is filtered and washed until the pH of the washing water is 7. The sample obtained it is calcined at 750 ° C, the BET area being 178m 2 .g _1 .
- the pore volume is impregnated with the amount of copper necessary to obtain 1.5% by weight of copper. After impregnation, it is dried and calcined at 500 ° C. The amount of palladium necessary to obtain 5% by weight of Pd is deposited on the calcined sample by impregnation at pore volume. It is then dried and calcined at 500 ° C.
- a catalyst is prepared from a solution (A): 1.2 M in Mg (II) and 0.3 M in Al (i ⁇ ) and a 3.33 M aqueous solution (B) of NaOH and 1M Na 2 CO 3 .
- 850 ml of an aqueous solution (A) of Mg (NO 3 ) 2 , Al (NO 3 ) 3 and Cu (NO 3 ) are prepared: 1.05 M in Mg (II), 0.435 M in Al (DI) and 0.015 in Cu (II) and an aqueous solution (B): 3,435 M NaOH and 1 M Na 2 CO 3 . Both are mixed while stirring vigorously and the pH is maintained at 13.
- the precipitate is then allowed to age for 18 h at 80 ° C, filtered and washed until the pH of the washing water is 7.
- the sample obtained is calcined at 750 ° C,
- the BET area being 170m .g " and the copper content 1.5% by weight.
- the hydrotalcite Mg: Al: Cu has been obtained, the pore volume is impregnated with the amount of palladium necessary to Obtain 5% by weight of palladium After impregnation it is dried and calcined at 500 ° C.
- Example 4 Use of the catalyst of Example 1 to remove nitrates.
- the catalyst of Example 1 is used to evaluate its nitrate removal capacity.
- the material is first reduced in hydrogen flow at 500 ° C for 2. hours and then hydrogenated in liquid phase for 60 minutes at room temperature.
- 0.8 g of catalyst is used to try to remove the nitrates present in 600 ml of a solution with a nitrate concentration of 90 mg / 1.
- the reaction is allowed to proceed for 2 hours, observing in Figures 1, 2 and 3 the evolution in the concentration of nitrates, nitrites and NH 4 + during the reaction.
- Example 5 Use of the catalyst of Example 2 to remove nitrates.
- the catalyst of Example 2 is used to evaluate its nitrate removal capacity, following the same process described in Example 4 and observing the results obtained in Figures 1, 2 and 3.
- Example 3 The catalyst of Example 3 is used to evaluate its nitrate removal capacity, following the same process described in Example 4 and observing the results obtained in Figures 1, 2 and 3.
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Hydrology & Water Resources (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Water Supply & Treatment (AREA)
- Catalysts (AREA)
- Treatment Of Water By Oxidation Or Reduction (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (6)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
JP2003505083A JP2004528982A (ja) | 2001-06-15 | 2002-06-14 | 硝酸塩含有水の処理用二成分金属触媒 |
DK02740773T DK1466664T3 (da) | 2001-06-15 | 2002-06-14 | Anvendelse af en bimetalkatalysator til behandling af nitratholdigt vand |
EP02740773A EP1466664B1 (en) | 2001-06-15 | 2002-06-14 | Use of a bimetallic catalyst for the treatment of water containing nitrates |
DE60222700T DE60222700T2 (de) | 2001-06-15 | 2002-06-14 | Verwendung eines bimetallkatalysators zur behandlung von nitrathaltigem wasser |
US10/735,597 US20040164028A1 (en) | 2001-06-15 | 2003-12-12 | Bimetallic catalyst for the treatment of water containing nitrates |
US12/195,401 US7857981B2 (en) | 2001-06-15 | 2008-08-20 | Bimetallic catalyst for the treatment of water containing nitrates |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
ESP0101471 | 2001-06-15 | ||
ES200101471A ES2186547B1 (es) | 2001-06-15 | 2001-06-15 | Un catalizador bimetalico para el tratamiento de aguas que contienen nitratos. |
Related Child Applications (1)
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US10/735,597 Continuation US20040164028A1 (en) | 2001-06-15 | 2003-12-12 | Bimetallic catalyst for the treatment of water containing nitrates |
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WO2002102507A1 true WO2002102507A1 (es) | 2002-12-27 |
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PCT/ES2002/000296 WO2002102507A1 (es) | 2001-06-15 | 2002-06-14 | Un catalizador bimetalico para el tratamiento de aguas que contienen nitratos |
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US (2) | US20040164028A1 (es) |
EP (1) | EP1466664B1 (es) |
JP (1) | JP2004528982A (es) |
AT (1) | ATE374076T1 (es) |
DE (1) | DE60222700T2 (es) |
DK (1) | DK1466664T3 (es) |
ES (2) | ES2186547B1 (es) |
PT (1) | PT1466664E (es) |
WO (1) | WO2002102507A1 (es) |
Cited By (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN103570114A (zh) * | 2013-10-24 | 2014-02-12 | 上海大学 | 一种还原处理水中硝酸盐的方法 |
CN104944499A (zh) * | 2015-05-25 | 2015-09-30 | 常州大学 | 一种处理皮革废水中高浓度氨氮的方法 |
CN109095586A (zh) * | 2018-08-08 | 2018-12-28 | 中国科学院南京土壤研究所 | 一种含铜混合金属氧化物/过硫酸钠体系及其应用 |
Families Citing this family (9)
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DE10028432A1 (de) * | 2000-06-13 | 2001-12-20 | Basell Polyolefine Gmbh | Auf calciniertes Hydrotalcit geträgerter Katalysatorfeststoff zur Olefinpolymerisation |
JP4502877B2 (ja) * | 2005-05-11 | 2010-07-14 | 株式会社神戸製鋼所 | 硝酸還元触媒組成物およびそれを用いた硝酸溶液処理方法 |
CN100412001C (zh) * | 2006-10-09 | 2008-08-20 | 北京理工大学 | 一种可再生循环使用的酸性废水处理剂 |
US20100130758A1 (en) * | 2007-03-09 | 2010-05-27 | Kiyotomi Kaneda | Method for producing carbonyl compound |
JP5137083B2 (ja) * | 2009-07-27 | 2013-02-06 | 独立行政法人日本原子力研究開発機構 | 硝酸イオンの還元分解用触媒 |
KR101764924B1 (ko) * | 2010-06-14 | 2017-08-04 | 에스케이이노베이션 주식회사 | 글리세롤 수상개질용 촉매 및 촉매 제조 방법 |
US9248436B2 (en) * | 2010-08-26 | 2016-02-02 | Basf Se | Highly active shift catalysts |
CN108191029A (zh) * | 2017-06-05 | 2018-06-22 | 湖南迪亚环境工程有限公司 | 一种化学去除亚硝酸盐的装置和方法 |
US11964884B2 (en) | 2020-03-06 | 2024-04-23 | Iowa State University Research Foundation, Inc. | System and method for removing nitrate from water |
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- 2002-06-14 WO PCT/ES2002/000296 patent/WO2002102507A1/es active IP Right Grant
- 2002-06-14 ES ES02740773T patent/ES2294139T3/es not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2002-06-14 JP JP2003505083A patent/JP2004528982A/ja active Pending
- 2002-06-14 PT PT02740773T patent/PT1466664E/pt unknown
- 2002-06-14 DE DE60222700T patent/DE60222700T2/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2002-06-14 EP EP02740773A patent/EP1466664B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2002-06-14 AT AT02740773T patent/ATE374076T1/de not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2002-06-14 DK DK02740773T patent/DK1466664T3/da active
-
2003
- 2003-12-12 US US10/735,597 patent/US20040164028A1/en not_active Abandoned
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2008
- 2008-08-20 US US12/195,401 patent/US7857981B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
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EP0476489A1 (en) * | 1990-09-11 | 1992-03-25 | Haldor Topsoe A/S | Process and catalyst for preparing aromatic compounds |
WO1999046039A1 (en) * | 1998-03-13 | 1999-09-16 | Den Norske Stats Oljeselskap A.S | Improved catalyst support material |
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CN103570114A (zh) * | 2013-10-24 | 2014-02-12 | 上海大学 | 一种还原处理水中硝酸盐的方法 |
CN104944499A (zh) * | 2015-05-25 | 2015-09-30 | 常州大学 | 一种处理皮革废水中高浓度氨氮的方法 |
CN109095586A (zh) * | 2018-08-08 | 2018-12-28 | 中国科学院南京土壤研究所 | 一种含铜混合金属氧化物/过硫酸钠体系及其应用 |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
JP2004528982A (ja) | 2004-09-24 |
DE60222700D1 (de) | 2007-11-08 |
EP1466664B1 (en) | 2007-09-26 |
ES2186547B1 (es) | 2004-08-01 |
US20040164028A1 (en) | 2004-08-26 |
ES2186547A1 (es) | 2003-05-01 |
US20080302736A1 (en) | 2008-12-11 |
DK1466664T3 (da) | 2008-01-14 |
EP1466664A1 (en) | 2004-10-13 |
DE60222700T2 (de) | 2008-07-17 |
ES2294139T3 (es) | 2008-04-01 |
US7857981B2 (en) | 2010-12-28 |
PT1466664E (pt) | 2007-12-27 |
ATE374076T1 (de) | 2007-10-15 |
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