WO2001085418A1 - Procede de fabrication de bandes de polyimide sans joints - Google Patents

Procede de fabrication de bandes de polyimide sans joints Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2001085418A1
WO2001085418A1 PCT/US2001/013015 US0113015W WO0185418A1 WO 2001085418 A1 WO2001085418 A1 WO 2001085418A1 US 0113015 W US0113015 W US 0113015W WO 0185418 A1 WO0185418 A1 WO 0185418A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
belt
polyimide
coating
mandrel
precursor solution
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/US2001/013015
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
William David Smith
Original Assignee
World Properties, Inc.
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by World Properties, Inc. filed Critical World Properties, Inc.
Priority to AU2001255578A priority Critical patent/AU2001255578A1/en
Publication of WO2001085418A1 publication Critical patent/WO2001085418A1/fr

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C41/00—Shaping by coating a mould, core or other substrate, i.e. by depositing material and stripping-off the shaped article; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C41/02—Shaping by coating a mould, core or other substrate, i.e. by depositing material and stripping-off the shaped article; Apparatus therefor for making articles of definite length, i.e. discrete articles
    • B29C41/08—Coating a former, core or other substrate by spraying or fluidisation, e.g. spraying powder
    • B29C41/085—Coating a former, core or other substrate by spraying or fluidisation, e.g. spraying powder by rotating the former around its axis of symmetry
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C41/00—Shaping by coating a mould, core or other substrate, i.e. by depositing material and stripping-off the shaped article; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C41/02—Shaping by coating a mould, core or other substrate, i.e. by depositing material and stripping-off the shaped article; Apparatus therefor for making articles of definite length, i.e. discrete articles
    • B29C41/12—Spreading-out the material on a substrate, e.g. on the surface of a liquid
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29D—PRODUCING PARTICULAR ARTICLES FROM PLASTICS OR FROM SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE
    • B29D29/00—Producing belts or bands
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29K—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES B29B, B29C OR B29D, RELATING TO MOULDING MATERIALS OR TO MATERIALS FOR MOULDS, REINFORCEMENTS, FILLERS OR PREFORMED PARTS, e.g. INSERTS
    • B29K2079/00—Use of polymers having nitrogen, with or without oxygen or carbon only, in the main chain, not provided for in groups B29K2061/00 - B29K2077/00, as moulding material
    • B29K2079/08—PI, i.e. polyimides or derivatives thereof

Definitions

  • This invention relates to polyimide belts.
  • this invention relates to an improved method for the manufacture of seamless polyimide belts, especially for use as electrophotographic copier components.
  • Heat-resistant polyimide belts or tubes have found a wide variety of uses as flexible printed substrates, wire insulating materials, and belts for electrical or electronic pension devices.
  • One particularly important application is in electrophotographic copiers, for example as a heat roller to fix toner or a transfer belt to transfer color.
  • Transfer belts in electrophotographic copiers sequentially transfer and layer one or more component color images to form the copied image.
  • Transfer belts typically have a multi-layer structure.
  • Japanese Patent Application Laid Open No. 59-77467 describes a transfer layer of silicone rubber disposed on a heat-resistant film of polyimide or the like.
  • 5,802,442 discloses a transfer layer comprising a hard, durable transfer layer (e.g., polyester, polyphenylene ether, polycarbonate, and the like) disposed on an elastomeric layer (e.g., natural rubber, urethane rubber, silicone rubber, and the like).
  • a hard, durable transfer layer e.g., polyester, polyphenylene ether, polycarbonate, and the like
  • elastomeric layer e.g., natural rubber, urethane rubber, silicone rubber, and the like.
  • United States Patent No. 5,208,638 discloses a conductive fluoroelastomer transfer surface, a metal layer, and a polyimide base layer.
  • One drawback to many of the aforementioned belts is the presence of a seam along the width of the belt.
  • This seam is formed as a result of the welding of the opposite ends of the belt together during the manufacturing process.
  • the seam defines a weak point in the belt, which may ultimately be the source of future maintenance problems, and can often result in the making of extraneous marks on the paper during normal operation. While the presence of a seam can be compensated for by appropriate design and operation of electrophotographic copiers, seamless belts are far more desirable.
  • 4,747,992 generally discloses forming seamless belts by coating mandrels by spray coating, dip coating, wire wound rod coating, powder coating, electrostatic spraying, sonic spraying, and blade coating.
  • One drawback to many of these methods is the phenomenon known as "solvent popping", wherein an initial skin forms on the surface of the film and prevents the smooth, defect-free evaporation of solvent from under the film.
  • solvent popping the phenomenon known as "solvent popping"
  • a method for the manufacture of seamless, polyimide belt comprising coating a polyimide precursor solution onto a preheated mandrel to form a gel film, imidizing the precursor solution to form a cured transfer belt, and removing the transfer belt from the mandrel.
  • the mandrel is preheated in order to gel the polyimide precursor solution, which prevents slumping during subsequent processing, hi another embodiment, the mandrel is flexible, which improves ease of removal of the cured transfer belt.
  • the process is well suited to coating high-viscosity liquids (i.e., above 20,000 cps) into high wet film thicknesses (i.e., above about 250 microns).
  • FIG. 1 is a perspective view of a coating machine useful in the manufacture of seamless polyimide belts.
  • FIG. 2 is a plan view of the coating machine of FIG. 1 for use in the present method.
  • FIG. 3 is a perspective view of an alternate embodiment of the coating machine of FIG. 1.
  • a method for the manufacture of seamless polyimide belts comprises coating a polyimide precursor solution onto a mandrel, imidizing the precursor solution to form a cured belt, and removing the belt from the mandrel.
  • the process is well-suited to coating high-viscosity liquids (i.e., above about 20,000 cps) into high wet film thicknesses (i.e., above about 250 microns).
  • high-viscosity liquids i.e., above about 20,000 cps
  • wet film thicknesses i.e., above about 250 microns.
  • belt refers to a continuous loop of any practical width, including tubes.
  • Polyimide precursor solutions are well-known in the art, being prepared, for example, by reacting aromatic tetracarboxylic acids and aromatic diamines in an organic, polar solvent.
  • Exemplary tetracarboxylic acids include but are not limited to
  • Suitable organic diamines include but are not limited to ethylenediamine, propylenediamine, 1,12-dodecanediamine, 1,18-octadecanediamine, 3- methylheptamethylenediamine, 2,5-dimethylheptamethylenediamine, 2, 2- dimethylpropylenediamine, -methyl-bis (3-aminopropyl) amine, 3- methoxyhexamethylenediamine, l,2-bis(3-aminopropoxy) ethane, 1,4- cyclohexanediamine, bis-(4-aminocyclohexyl) methane, m-phenylenediamine, p- phenylenediamine, 2,4-diaminotoluene, 2,6-diaminotoluene, m-xylylenediamine, p- xylylenediamine, 2-methyl-4,6-diethyl- 1,3-phenylene-diamine,
  • Suitable solvents include, but are not limited to, N-methylpyrollidone (NMP), dimethylformamide (DMF), dimethylacetamide (DMAC), phenol, o-cresol, m-cresol, and p-cresol.
  • NMP N-methylpyrollidone
  • DMF dimethylformamide
  • DMAC dimethylacetamide
  • phenol o-cresol
  • m-cresol m-cresol
  • p-cresol Suitable solvents include, but are not limited to, N-methylpyrollidone (NMP), dimethylformamide (DMF), dimethylacetamide (DMAC), phenol, o-cresol, m-cresol, and p-cresol.
  • the polyimide precursor solution may optionally be blended with fillers to impart desirable properties. For example, blending the polyimide precursor solution with carbon black may alter the electrical conductivity of the solution.
  • Suitable polyimide precursor solutions are available from E.I. DuPont High Performance Films division in Circleville, Ohio, those being used to produce type JP, type HA, and other types of KAPTON® polyimide film.
  • the preferred viscosity of the precursor solution is in the range from about 20,000 to about 200,000 centipoise (cps); preferably from about 50,000 to about
  • the precursor solution Prior to coating, the precursor solution is agitated to insure homogeneity, filtered, and then degassed. To prolong the shelf life of the precursor solution, it is preferable to store it at 0°C or less.
  • a coating machine 10 which is essentially a modified lathe.
  • Coating machine 10 comprises a tool post 12 having disposed on one end thereof (in place of the cutting tool of a conventional lathe) a doctor blade, shown generally at 14, which is a substantially "U" shaped member having tapered legs 15 protruding therefrom to form blade portions. Tapered legs 15 define a reservoir 17, which is the area of doctor blade 14 between tapered legs 15. The polyimide precursor solution, as it is applied, is pumped into reservoir 17 through a delivery hose 16.
  • a cylindrical coating mandrel 18 is rotatably mounted on coating machine 10 in the place that a workpiece being cut would normally be mounted on a conventional lathe.
  • Mandrel 18 comprises a cylindrical metal body having extremely precise diameter control and low circular run out relative to the axis of rotation of mandrel 18 and is positioned axially between a lathe headstock 20 and a lathe tailstock 22.
  • Mandrel 18 is also positioned such that a gap 23, which can be best seen in FIG. 2, is defined between the ends of tapered legs 15 and an outer surface of mandrel 18, thereby allowing doctor blade 14 to freely traverse the length of mandrel 18.
  • the surface of mandrel 18 is polished so as to result in a smooth inner surface of the finished polyimide belt once the polyimide belt is removed from mandrel 18.
  • the surface may also have a coating, such as a fluoropolymer or a silicone release agent, disposed thereon to facilitate the release of the polyimide belt from mandrel 18.
  • a coating machine 10 is shown.
  • Coating machine 10 comprises a drive pulley 24 disposed between lathe headstock 20 and lathe tailstock 22, an idler pulley 26 located a suitable distance away and oriented to accept a flexible, thin belt mandrel 30, a parallelism adjustment mechanism 28 in mechanical communication with drive pulley 24, and an overall tensioning mechanism 32 in mechanical communication with idler pulley 26.
  • Parallelism adjustment mechanism 28 is configured to "steer” or move idler pulley 26 laterally relative to drive pulley 24, thereby ensuring that "creep", or lateral movement of thin belt mandrel 30 on drive pulley 24, is minimized.
  • Overall tensioning mechanism 32 comprises a threaded rod 31 having an adjustment knob 33 threadedly disposed thereon and is configured such that rotation of adjustment knob 33 varies the distance between drive pulley 24 and idler pulley 26, thereby varying the tension on thin belt mandrel 30.
  • Thin belt mandrel 30 is preferably a seamless belt, and may be fabricated of metal a high temperature polymer capable of withstanding the drying and imidization steps of the subsequently coated precursor solution.
  • toolpost 12 traverses the width of mandrel 18 while being driven by a lead screw (not shown) and guided by machine ways (not shown). Stops 34, 36 are located at the extreme ends of mandrel 18 to indicate the start and end positions of the path of doctor blade 14 as it traverses mandrel 18.
  • Toolpost 12 is mounted on a lathe bed (not shown) on an • infeed mechanism (not shown), which allows doctor blade 14 to traverse the length of mandrel 18 while maintaining gap 23 with extreme precision.
  • gap 23 is varied by adjusting the positioning of the infeed mechanism.
  • the inventive method provides for storage for unused precursor solution and a delivery apparatus for delivery of the precursor solution through delivery hose 16 to reservoir 17 at a controlled rate, hi a preferred embodiment, a holding tank (not shown), which provides for low-shear continuous mixing and which is held under constant vacuum, is used for storage.
  • Continuous mixing and storage under vacuum aids in maintaining a homogeneous mixture of polymer, solvent, and any fillers present in the solution.
  • Storage under vacuum also removes any air bubbles that would otherwise result in voids being formed in the final belt. It is also preferred to provide inline filters to remove any gel particles or other foreign material present in the precursor solution.
  • the polyimide precursor solution is delivered from the holding tank, at a controlled rate, by a gear pump (not shown) or other suitable pumping system through delivery hose 16.
  • the flow rate is monitored and controlled by mass flow controllers.
  • the precursor solution is pumped tlirough delivery hose 16 to reservoir 17 of doctor blade 14.
  • Doctor blade 14 is positioned and configured to maintain gap 23 between tapered legs 15 and the surface of mandrel 18 as doctor blade 14 traverses the length of mandrel 18.
  • doctor blade 14 traverses the length of mandrel 18 at a predetermined rate of speed as the precursor solution is pumped to fill reservoir 17 and gap 23.
  • the coating progresses in a spiral fashion, with each spiral overlapping slightly to fo ⁇ n a continuous, wet film. The thickness of the wet film is determined by gap 23 and the flow rate of polyimide precursor solution to reservoir 17.
  • High quality, smooth, economical coatings may be obtained by matching the precursor solution flow rate with gap 23 as doctor blade 14 traverses the length of mandrel 18. This is achieved by proper adjustment of the headstock rotation speed and the toolpost traverse speed.
  • the proper adjustment of these settings is a function of at least two parameters, viz., the flow rate of the polyimide precursor solution to reservoir 17 and the rotational speed of mandrel 18. hi general, it is desirable to coat as quickly as possible, while simultaneously providing the correct amount of spiral overlap without causing turbulence (and hence air entrapment). Determination of the proper settings to provide smooth, non-interrupted coatings is well within the skill of those in the art.
  • mandrel 18 is preheated to a temperature effective to result in gelation of the polyimide precursor solution upon coating, which prevents dripping and slumping during subsequent processing. Effective temperatures are readily determined by those of ordinary skill in the art, depending on the boiling point of the solvent and the viscosity of the polyimide precursor solution.
  • Effective preheat temperatures are generally from about 30°C to about 100°C, more preferably about 60°C to about 90°C, and most preferably from about 70°C to about 80°C.
  • mandrel 18 is preheated to approximately 75°C prior to being loaded onto coating machine 10. Suitable initial drying times are determined empirically for each size belt and coating thickness, hi general, sufficient drying is achieved once the film comprises approximately 50% solids.
  • the mandrel may be removed from coating machine 10 and baked in an oven for further drying and imidization (cure).
  • the oven temperature is typically ramped from the drying temperature of approximately 150°C to approximately 350°C over a period of approximately one hour.
  • Mandrel 18 maybe suspended vertically or horizontally during the imidization bake, and may or may not be rotated during the baking process. If the process is being applied to thin belt mandrel 30, a support form maybe needed to enable thin belt mandrel 30 to hold its shape and to withstand the hoop stress resulting from the forces of the shrinking polyimide coating during the imidization bake, regardless of whether or not thin belt mandrel 30 is being rotated.
  • mandrel 18 or thin belt mandrel 30 is allowed to cool to room temperature.
  • the fully imidized belt is removed from mandrel 18 by sliding the belt laterally off mandrel 18.
  • a flow of compressed air directed at the belt edge is useful to start separation.
  • a polyimide belt removal is most easily accomplished by flexing mandrel 18 inward towards the center of rotation while peeling the polyimide belt off the surface of mandrel 18.
  • a belt that is thin and flexible is most easily removed during the belt removal step. If mandrel 18 is solid and has a rigid coating, this peeling method cannot be used, so greater care must be taken so as to not damage the belt or mar the surface of mandrel 18 during belt removal.
  • the belt edges Prior to installation and use, the belt edges may be trimmed to remove the non-uniform edges resulting from the beginning and end of the coating spiral. Trimming may be achieved by rotating the belt while employing stationary razor blades, or by laser cutting, waterjet cutting, or other suitable technique, provided it can result in a straight, nick-free edge.
  • Such belts are suitable for use in electrophotographic copiers, as insulators, and other applications.
  • the prior art method of dip-coating a mandrel into precursor solution precludes effective use of a preheated mandrel, and requires the use of external heat to gel the film in order to prevent dripping or slumping.
  • the need to apply external heat to the coated mandrel often results in solvent popping. Accordingly, only very thin coatings very thin coatings can be successfully formed without dripping, slumping, or solvent popping.
  • the present process allows for the formation of thicker coatings (e.g., greater than about 50 microns, preferably greater than about 100 microns, and preferably greater than about 150 microns) without solvent popping.
  • Seamless polyimide belts having final thicknesses of about 20 to about 300 microns, and preferably about 25 to about 150 microns, may be manufactured using the present method.
  • the present process is easily automated in a high volume production mode.
  • Use of thin, flexible mandrels are more economical than solid, rigid mandrels.
  • Thin, flexible mandrels are also lighter, and therefore easier to handle, and are more easily fabricated in large diameters than solid mandrels of comparable size.
  • the invention is further illustrated by the following non-limiting Example.
  • a coating machine substantially as shown in FIG. 1 was employed to manufacture seamless polyimide belts.
  • the coating machine was fitted with a mandrel having a diameter of 150 mm and a width of 400 mm and preheated to 75°C.
  • the doctor blade gap was set at 0.500 mm
  • the headstock rotation speed was set at 200 rpm
  • the toolpost traverse speed was set at 100 mm per minute
  • the volumetric flow rate of the polyimide precursor solution 100,000 cps
  • a gel film which did drip or slump prior to cure was formed without additional heating.
  • the gel film was cured by heating for 30 minutes at 150°C, 30 minutes at 200°C, 30 minutes at 250°C, 30 minutes at 300°C, and 30 minutes at 350°C. While preferred embodiments have been shown and described, various modifications and substitutions may be made thereto without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. Accordingly, it is to be understood that the present invention has been described by way of illustration and not limitation. What is claimed is:

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Moulding By Coating Moulds (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un procédé de fabrication de bandes de polyimide sans joints, consistant à appliquer une solution de précurseur de polyimide sur une surface cylindrique rotative, à former un film gel, à imider le film gel pour former une bande traitée, puis à retirer la bande de la surface. Dans un mode de réalisation, la surface est préchauffée afin de gélifier la solution précurseur de polyimide, ce qui permet d'éviter tout glissement lors d'un traitement ultérieur. Dans un autre mode de réalisation, la surface est un mandrin flexible permettant de faciliter le retrait de la bande traitée. Ce procédé est conçu pour transformer des liquides à grande viscosité (c'est-à-dire supérieure à 20000 cps) en films humides à épaisseur élevée (c'est-à-dire supérieure à 250 microns).
PCT/US2001/013015 2000-05-11 2001-04-23 Procede de fabrication de bandes de polyimide sans joints WO2001085418A1 (fr)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AU2001255578A AU2001255578A1 (en) 2000-05-11 2001-04-23 Method of manufacture of seamless polyimide belts

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US56915400A 2000-05-11 2000-05-11
US09/569,154 2000-05-11

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2001085418A1 true WO2001085418A1 (fr) 2001-11-15

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WO (1) WO2001085418A1 (fr)

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20130214454A1 (en) * 2010-08-25 2013-08-22 Xerox Corporation Seamless fuser member process
WO2013191440A1 (fr) * 2012-06-18 2013-12-27 Kolon Industries, Inc. Courroie sans couture

Citations (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3274322A (en) * 1964-03-09 1966-09-20 Chemechanical Inc Method of flow forming polyurethane and like material
US3304909A (en) * 1963-05-13 1967-02-21 Chemechanical Inc Apparatus for coating cylinders with urethane
JPS57109613A (en) * 1980-12-26 1982-07-08 Kanegafuchi Chem Ind Co Ltd Manufacture of polyimide film
JPS60166424A (ja) * 1984-02-10 1985-08-29 Ube Ind Ltd ポリイミド樹脂管状物の製造法
US4747992A (en) * 1986-03-24 1988-05-31 Sypula Donald S Process for fabricating a belt
JPH0885121A (ja) * 1994-09-16 1996-04-02 Okura Ind Co Ltd キャスティングボックスへのドープ供給方法
FR2739052A1 (fr) * 1995-09-26 1997-03-28 Sumitomo Electric Industries Fabrication d' objet tubulaire par application de resine sur une ame rotative
JP2000127183A (ja) * 1998-10-23 2000-05-09 Ricoh Co Ltd 無端ベルトの成形装置、無端ベルトの製造方法及び転写用ベルト
EP1075925A1 (fr) * 1999-08-12 2001-02-14 Gunze Limited Film semiconducteur, tubulaire, sans soudure, à base de polyimide aromatique et procédé pour sa fabrication

Patent Citations (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3304909A (en) * 1963-05-13 1967-02-21 Chemechanical Inc Apparatus for coating cylinders with urethane
US3274322A (en) * 1964-03-09 1966-09-20 Chemechanical Inc Method of flow forming polyurethane and like material
JPS57109613A (en) * 1980-12-26 1982-07-08 Kanegafuchi Chem Ind Co Ltd Manufacture of polyimide film
JPS60166424A (ja) * 1984-02-10 1985-08-29 Ube Ind Ltd ポリイミド樹脂管状物の製造法
US4747992A (en) * 1986-03-24 1988-05-31 Sypula Donald S Process for fabricating a belt
JPH0885121A (ja) * 1994-09-16 1996-04-02 Okura Ind Co Ltd キャスティングボックスへのドープ供給方法
FR2739052A1 (fr) * 1995-09-26 1997-03-28 Sumitomo Electric Industries Fabrication d' objet tubulaire par application de resine sur une ame rotative
JP2000127183A (ja) * 1998-10-23 2000-05-09 Ricoh Co Ltd 無端ベルトの成形装置、無端ベルトの製造方法及び転写用ベルト
EP1075925A1 (fr) * 1999-08-12 2001-02-14 Gunze Limited Film semiconducteur, tubulaire, sans soudure, à base de polyimide aromatique et procédé pour sa fabrication

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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
PATENT ABSTRACTS OF JAPAN vol. 006, no. 204 (M - 164) 15 October 1982 (1982-10-15) *
PATENT ABSTRACTS OF JAPAN vol. 010, no. 002 (M - 444) 8 January 1986 (1986-01-08) *
PATENT ABSTRACTS OF JAPAN vol. 1996, no. 08 30 August 1996 (1996-08-30) *

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20130214454A1 (en) * 2010-08-25 2013-08-22 Xerox Corporation Seamless fuser member process
WO2013191440A1 (fr) * 2012-06-18 2013-12-27 Kolon Industries, Inc. Courroie sans couture

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