WO2001055284A2 - Verfahren zur herstellung von tensidgranulaten - Google Patents
Verfahren zur herstellung von tensidgranulaten Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2001055284A2 WO2001055284A2 PCT/EP2001/000469 EP0100469W WO0155284A2 WO 2001055284 A2 WO2001055284 A2 WO 2001055284A2 EP 0100469 W EP0100469 W EP 0100469W WO 0155284 A2 WO0155284 A2 WO 0155284A2
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- acid
- alkyl
- weight
- alcohol
- mixtures
- Prior art date
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- 239000008187 granular material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 36
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- HNPSIPDUKPIQMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N dioxosilane;oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Si]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O HNPSIPDUKPIQMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 14
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- 239000005720 sucrose Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001180 sulfating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011593 sulfur Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002195 synergetic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920001059 synthetic polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 235000020357 syrup Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000006188 syrup Substances 0.000 description 1
- KUCOHFSKRZZVRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N terephthalaldehyde Chemical compound O=CC1=CC=C(C=O)C=C1 KUCOHFSKRZZVRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000003505 terpenes Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 235000007586 terpenes Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 125000000999 tert-butyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C(*)(C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 150000003512 tertiary amines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000005207 tetraalkylammonium group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- OQNGNXKLDCKIIH-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetradecyl benzenesulfonate Chemical class CCCCCCCCCCCCCCOS(=O)(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 OQNGNXKLDCKIIH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VOZKAJLKRJDJLL-UHFFFAOYSA-N tolylenediamine group Chemical group CC1=C(C=C(C=C1)N)N VOZKAJLKRJDJLL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RBNWAMSGVWEHFP-UHFFFAOYSA-N trans-p-Menthane-1,8-diol Chemical compound CC(C)(O)C1CCC(C)(O)CC1 RBNWAMSGVWEHFP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000005809 transesterification reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000003623 transition metal compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000003918 triazines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- GSEJCLTVZPLZKY-UHFFFAOYSA-O triethanolammonium Chemical class OCC[NH+](CCO)CCO GSEJCLTVZPLZKY-UHFFFAOYSA-O 0.000 description 1
- JSPLKZUTYZBBKA-UHFFFAOYSA-N trioxidane Chemical compound OOO JSPLKZUTYZBBKA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UNXRWKVEANCORM-UHFFFAOYSA-I triphosphate(5-) Chemical compound [O-]P([O-])(=O)OP([O-])(=O)OP([O-])([O-])=O UNXRWKVEANCORM-UHFFFAOYSA-I 0.000 description 1
- 238000000108 ultra-filtration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229940057402 undecyl alcohol Drugs 0.000 description 1
- GPPXJZIENCGNKB-UHFFFAOYSA-N vanadium Chemical compound [V]#[V] GPPXJZIENCGNKB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000010679 vetiver oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- ZFNVDHOSLNRHNN-UHFFFAOYSA-N xi-3-(4-Isopropylphenyl)-2-methylpropanal Chemical compound O=CC(C)CC1=CC=C(C(C)C)C=C1 ZFNVDHOSLNRHNN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000811 xylitol Substances 0.000 description 1
- HEBKCHPVOIAQTA-SCDXWVJYSA-N xylitol Chemical compound OC[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)CO HEBKCHPVOIAQTA-SCDXWVJYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000010447 xylitol Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229960002675 xylitol Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229910052727 yttrium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
- C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
- C11D11/00—Special methods for preparing compositions containing mixtures of detergents
- C11D11/0082—Special methods for preparing compositions containing mixtures of detergents one or more of the detergent ingredients being in a liquefied state, e.g. slurry, paste or melt, and the process resulting in solid detergent particles such as granules, powders or beads
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
- C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
- C11D11/00—Special methods for preparing compositions containing mixtures of detergents
- C11D11/02—Preparation in the form of powder by spray drying
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
- C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
- C11D17/00—Detergent materials or soaps characterised by their shape or physical properties
- C11D17/06—Powder; Flakes; Free-flowing mixtures; Sheets
Definitions
- the invention is in the field of surface-active agents and relates to a new spray crystallization process for the production of surfactant granules with a restricted grain size spectrum.
- Surfactants such as, for example, alkylbenzenesulfonates or alkylsulfates, are usually packaged in solid form by spraying the raw materials in the form of aqueous solutions or pastes in a tower via nozzles, with the droplets of hot air which form being directed toward them. In their free fall, the fatty substances dry in countercurrent to the hot air and are usually continuously drawn off as a finished product on the lower part of the cone of the spray tower. The drying air contaminated with organic matter is passed over cyclones to separate the entrained fine particles.
- a fan conveys the main volume flow in a circuit via the cooler back into the spray tower.
- a partial flow is usually routed to the boiler house via the exhaust air system, while the required fresh air flow is drawn in from the surroundings.
- the object of the present invention was therefore to provide a new process for the production of surfactant granules which is free from the disadvantages described.
- the invention relates to a process for the production of surfactant granules, in which a stream of an aqueous surfactant preparation is dripped by vibration with the aid of a pouring plate and the drops are directed towards a gaseous drying agent which evaporates the water components and thereby dries the granules.
- the goal set can be achieved by changing the drop generation.
- the surfactants are introduced into the spray tower in the form of aqueous solutions or pastes via a vibrating perforated plate.
- a frequency is impressed on the liquid
- the liquid thread is interrupted again and again, and spheres are formed due to the interfacial tension, which subsequently enter the actual spray tower and are then dried during free fall, for example by a hot gas counterflow.
- a defined grain spectrum can be set without dust.
- the surfactant granules show an improved dissolution rate and this effect is also transferred to the final preparations produced with them, which are preferably solid detergents and especially detergent tablets.
- Anionic, nonionic, cationic, amphoteric and / or zwitterionic surfactants are suitable for the purposes of the process according to the invention, but anionic surfactants or combinations of anionic and nonionic surfactants are preferably used.
- anionic surfactants are soaps, alkyl benzene sulfonates, alkane sulfonates, olefin sulfonates, alkyl ether sulfonates, glycerol ether sulfonates, ⁇ -methyl ester sulfonates, sulfo fatty acids, alkyl sulfates, fatty alcohol ether sulfates, glycerol ether sulfates, hydroxymischly ether ether sulfates, mono amide sulfate ethersulfates, mono amide sulfate ethersulfates, mono amide sulfate ethersulfates, mono amide sulfate ethersulfates, mono amide sulfate ethersulfates, mono amide sulfate ethersulfates, mono amide ether sulfates, and dialkyl sulfosuccinate
- anionic surfactants contain polyglycol ether chains, they can have a conventional, but preferably a narrow, homolog distribution.
- Alkyl benzene sulfonates, alkyl sulfates, alkyl ether sulfates, alkane sulfonates, olefin sulfonates, methyl ester sulfonates, monoglyceride (ether) sulfates and alkali soaps and mixtures thereof are preferably used.
- Preferred alkylbenzenesulfonates preferably follow the formula (I)
- R 1 is a branched but preferably linear alkyl radical having 10 to 18 carbon atoms
- Ph is a phenyl radical
- X is an alkali and / or alkaline earth metal, ammonium, alkylammonium, alkanolammonium or glucammonium.
- dodecylbenzenesulfonates, tetradecylbenzenesulfonates, hexadecylbenzenesulfonates and their technical mixtures in the form of the sodium salts are particularly suitable.
- Alkyl and / or alkenyl (ether) sulfates which depending on the raw material base are also referred to as fatty alcohol (ether) or oxo alcohol (ether) sulfates, are to be understood as meaning the sulfation products of primary and / or secondary alcohols or of alkylene oxide adducts with these alcohols which preferably follow the formula (II),
- R 2 is a linear or branched, aliphatic alkyl and / or alkenyl radical having 6 to 22, preferably 12 to 18 carbon atoms
- R 3 is hydrogen or a methyl group
- a is 0 or numbers from 1 to 0, preferably 2 to 10
- X represents an alkali and / or alkaline earth metal, ammonium, alkylammonium, alkanolammonium or glucammonium.
- alkyl sulfates which can be used in the context of the invention are the sulfation products of capron alcohol, caprylic alcohol, capric alcohol, 2-ethylhexyl alcohol, lauryl alcohol, myristyl alcohol, cetyl alcohol, palmoleyl alcohol, stearyl alcohol, isostearyl alcohol, oleyl alcohol, arachselyl alcohol, elaidyl alcohol, elaidyl alcohol alcohol, gadoleyl alcohol, behenyl alcohol and erucyl alcohol and their technical mixtures, which are obtained by high pressure hydrogenation of technical methyl ester fractions or aldehydes from Roelen's oxosynthesis.
- alkyl ether sulfates are the sulfation products of addition products with an average of 1 to 20 and preferably 2 to 10 moles of ethylene and / or propylene oxide onto the abovementioned alcohols.
- the sulfation products - ie both the sulfated alcohols and the sulfated alcohol polyglycol ethers - can preferably be in the form of their Alkali salts and in particular their sodium salts are used.
- Alkyl (ether) sulfates based on Ci6 / ies tallow fatty alcohols or vegetable fatty alcohols of comparable carbon chain distribution in the form of their sodium salts are particularly preferred.
- oxo alcohols are obtainable, for example, by converting carbon monoxide and hydrogen to alpha-permanent olefins using the shop process.
- Such alcohol mixtures are commercially available under the trade names Dobanol® or Neodol®.
- Suitable alcohol mixtures are Dobanol 91®, 23®, 25®, 45®.
- Another possibility are oxo alcohols, such as those obtained after the classic Enichema or Condea oxo process by adding carbon monoxide and hydrogen to olefins.
- These alcohol mixtures are a mixture of strongly branched alcohols.
- Such alcohol mixtures are commercially available under the trade name Lial®.
- Suitable alcohol mixtures are Lial 91®, 111®, 123®, 125®, 145®.
- Monoglyceride sulfates and monoglyceride ether sulfates are known anionic surfactants which can be obtained by the relevant methods of preparative organic chemistry.
- the usual starting point for their production is triglycerides, which, if appropriate after transesterification to the monoglycerides, are subsequently sulfated and neutralized. It is also possible to react the partial glycerides with suitable sulfating agents, preferably gaseous sulfur trioxide or chlorosulfonic acid. If desired, the neutralized substances can be subjected to ultrafiltration in order to reduce the electrolyte content to a desired level.
- the monoglyceride (ether) sulfates to be used in accordance with the invention preferably follow the formula (III)
- R 4 CO represents a linear or branched acyl radical having 6 to 22 carbon atoms
- R 5 represents hydrogen or a methyl group
- R 6 represents hydrogen or R 4 CO, b1, b2 and b3 in total for 0 or for numbers from 1 to 30 , preferably 2 to 10
- X represents an alkali or alkaline earth metal.
- Typical examples of monoglyceride (ether) sulfates which are suitable for the purposes of the invention are the reaction products of lauric acid monoglyceride, coconut fatty acid monoglyceride, palmitic acid monoglyceride, stearic acid monoglyceride, oleic acid monoglyceride and tallow fatty acid monoglyceride as well as their ethylene oxide adduct or their formulated with sulfur sulfonate in sodium sulfonate formulated with sulfuric acid trioxide or their sulfuric acid trioxide in sodium sulfonate formulated with sulfuric acid trioxide.
- Monoglyceride sulfates of the formula (III) are preferably used in which R 4 CO is a linear acyl radical having 8 to 18 carbon atoms and R 6 is R 4 CO.
- alkali soaps are to be understood as meaning fatty acid salts of the formula (IV)
- R CO is a linear or branched, saturated or unsaturated acyl radical having 6 to 22 and preferably 12 to 18 carbon atoms and again X is alkali and / or alkaline earth metal, ammonium, alkylammonium or alkanolammonium.
- Typical examples are the sodium, potassium, magnesium, ammonium and triethanolammonium salts of caproic acid, caprylic acid, 2-ethylhexanoic acid, capric acid, lauric acid, isotridecanoic acid, myristic acid, palmitic acid, palmoleic acid, stearic acid, isostearic acid, oleic acid, elaidic acid, elaidic acid, elaidic acid, Linoleic acid, linolenic acid, elaleostearic acid, arachic acid, gadoleic acid, behenic acid and erucic acid and their technical mixtures.
- coconut or palm kernel fatty acid is preferably used in the form of its sodium or potassium salts.
- nonionic surfactants are fatty alcohol polyglycol ethers, alkylphenol polyglycol ethers, fatty acid polyglycol esters, fatty acid amide polyglycol ethers, fatty amine polyglycol ethers, alkoxylated triglycerides, mixed ethers or mixed formals, alk (en) yl oligoglycosides, fatty acid-N-alkylhydroglyl fatty acids, in particular vegetable-based polyglycol amides, protein-based glyceryl fatty acid products , Sugar esters, sorbitan esters, polysorbates and amine oxides.
- nonionic surfactants contain polyglycol ether chains, these can have a conventional, but preferably a narrow, homolog distribution.
- Fatty alcohol polyglycol ethers, alkoxylated fatty acids or lower alkyl esters, alkyl oligoglucosides and / or fatty acid N-alkyl polyhydroxyalkylamides are preferably used.
- R 8 represents a linear or branched alkyl and / or alkenyl radical having 6 to 22, preferably 12 to 18 carbon atoms
- R 9 represents hydrogen or methyl
- n1 represents numbers from 1 to 20.
- Typical examples are the addition products of an average of 1 to 20 and preferably 5 to 10 moles of ethylene and / or propylene oxide with capron alcohol, caprylic alcohol, 2-ethylhexyl alcohol, capric alcohol, lauryl alcohol, isotridecyl alcohol, myristyl alcohol, cetyl alcohol, palmoleyl alcohol, stearyl alcohol, isostyl alcohol , Elaidyl alcohol, petroselinyl alcohol, linolyl alcohol, linolenyl alcohol, elaeostearyl alcohol, arachyl alcohol, gadoleyl alcohol, behenyl alcohol, erucyl alcohol and brassidyl alcohol and their technical mixtures. Addition products of 3, 5 or 7 moles of
- R 10 CO stands for a linear or branched, saturated and / or unsaturated acyl radical with 6 to 22 carbon atoms
- R 11 for hydrogen or methyl
- R 12 for linear or branched alkyl radicals with 1 to 4 carbon atoms
- n2 for numbers from 1 to 20 stands.
- Typical examples are the formal insert products of an average of 1 to 20 and preferably 5 to 10 moles of ethylene and / or propylene oxide in the methyl, ethyl, propyl, isopropyl, butyl and tert-butyl esters of caproic acid, Ca.
- the products are usually prepared by inserting the alkylene oxides into the carbonyl ester bond in the presence of special catalysts, such as, for example, caicinated hydrotalcite. Conversion products of an average of 5 to 10 moles of ethylene oxide into the ester linkage of technical coconut fatty acid methyl esters are particularly preferred.
- Alkyl and alkenyl oligoglycosides which are also preferred nonionic surfactants, usually follow the formula (VII),
- R 13 represents an alkyl and / or alkenyl radical having 4 to 22 carbon atoms
- G represents a sugar radical having 5 or 6 carbon atoms
- p represents numbers from 1 to 10. They can be obtained according to the relevant procedures in preparative organic chemistry.
- the alkyl and / or alkenyl oligoglycosides can be derived from aldoses or ketoses with 5 or 6 carbon atoms, preferably glucose.
- the preferred alkyl and / or alkenyl oligoglycosides are thus alkyl and / or alkenyl oligoglucosides.
- alkyl and / or alkenyl oligoglycosides whose degree of oligomerization is less than 1.7 and in particular between 1.2 and 1.4.
- the alkyl or alkenyl radical R 13 can be derived from primary alcohols with 4 to 11, preferably derive 8 to 10 carbon atoms. Typical examples are butanol, capronalcohol, caprylic alcohol, capric alcohol and undecyl alcohol and their technical mixtures, such as are obtained, for example, in the hydrogenation of technical fatty acid methyl esters or in the course of the hydrogenation of aldehydes from Roelen's oxosynthesis.
- the alkyl or alkenyl radical R 13 can also be derived from primary alcohols having 12 to 22, preferably 12 to 14, carbon atoms.
- Typical examples are lauryl alcohol, myristyl alcohol, cetyl alcohol, palmoleyl alcohol, stearyl alcohol, isostearyl alcohol, oleyl alcohol, elaidyl alcohol, petroselinyl alcohol, arachyl alcohol, gadoleyl alcohol, behenyl alcohol, erucyl alcohol, brassidyl alcohol and the technical mixtures described above.
- Alkyl oligoglucosides based on hydrogenated Ci2 / i4 coconut alcohol with a DP of 1 to 3 are preferred.
- cationic surfactants are, in particular, tetraalkylammonium compounds, such as, for example, dimethyldistearylammonium chloride or hydroxyethyl hydroxycetyldimmonium chloride (Dehyquart E) or esterquats. These are, for example, quaternized fatty acid triethanolamine ester salts of the formula (VIII),
- R 1 CO for an acyl radical with 6 to 22 carbon atoms
- R 15 and R 16 independently of one another for hydrogen or R 14 CO
- m1, m2 and m3 in total for 0 or numbers from 1 to 12
- m4 for numbers from 1 to 12 and Y for halide, alkyl sulfate or alkyl phosphate.
- ester quats which can be used in the context of the invention are products based on caproic acid, caprylic acid, capric acid, lauric acid, myristic acid, palmitic acid, isostearic acid, stearic acid, oleic acid, elaidic acid, arachic acid, behenic acid and erucic acid and their technical mixtures , as they occur, for example, in the pressure splitting of natural fats and oils.
- Technical Ci2 / i ⁇ coconut fatty acids and in particular partially hardened Ci ⁇ / i ⁇ tallow or palm fatty acids as well as high elaidic acid Ci6 / 18 fatty acid cuts are preferably used.
- the fatty acids and the triethanolamine can be used in a molar ratio of 1.1: 1 to 3: 1 to produce the quaternized esters.
- an application ratio of 1.2: 1 to 2.2: 1, preferably 1.5: 1 to 1.9: 1 has proven to be particularly advantageous.
- the preferred ester quats are technical mixtures of mono-, di- and triesters with an average are degree of esterification from 1.5 to 1.9 and are derived from technical C16 / 18 tallow or palm fatty acid (iodine number 0 to 40).
- quaternized fatty acid triethanolamine ester salts of the formula (VIII) have proven to be particularly advantageous in which R 14 CO is an acyl radical having 16 to 18 carbon atoms, R 15 is R 15 CO, R 16 is hydrogen, R 17 is a methyl group , m1, m2 and m3 for 0 and Y for methyl sulfate.
- quaternized ester salts of fatty acids with diethanolalkylamines of the formula (IX) may also be used as ester quats.
- R 18 CO for an acyl radical with 6 to 22 carbon atoms
- R 19 for hydrogen or R 18 CO
- R 20 and R 21 independently of one another for alkyl radicals with 1 to 4 carbon atoms
- m5 and m6 in total for 0 or numbers from 1 to 12
- Y again represents halide, alkyl sulfate or alkyl phosphate.
- ester quats are the quaternized ester salts of fatty acids with 1,2-dihydroxypropyl dialkylamines of the formula (X)
- R 22 CO for an acyl radical with 6 to 22 carbon atoms
- R 23 for hydrogen or R 22 CO
- R 24 , R 25 and R 26 independently of one another for alkyl radicals with 1 to 4 carbon atoms, m7 and m8 in total for 0 or numbers from 1 to 12
- X again represents halide, alkyl sulfate or alkyl phosphate.
- ester quats are substances in which the ester bond is replaced by an amide bond and which preferably follow the formula (XI) based on diethylenetriamine, I
- R 27 CO represents an acyl radical with 6 to 22 carbon atoms
- R 29 and R 30 independently of one another for alkyl radicals with 1 to 4 carbon atoms
- amide ester quats are available on the market, for example, under the Incroquat® (Croda) brand.
- amphoteric or zwitterionic surfactants are alkylbetaines, alkylamido betaines, aminopropionates, aminoglycinates, imidazolinium betaines and sulfobetaines.
- alkyl betaines are the carboxyalkylation products of secondary and in particular tertiary amines which follow the formula (XII)
- R 31 for alkyl and / or alkenyl radicals with 6 to 22 carbon atoms
- R 32 for hydrogen or alkyl radicals with 1 to 4 carbon atoms
- R 33 for alkyl radicals with 1 to 4 carbon atoms
- q1 for numbers from 1 to 6 and Z for a Alkali and / or alkaline earth metal or ammonium.
- Typical examples are the carboxymethylation products of hexylmethylamine, hexyldimethylamine, octyldimethylamine, Removal cyldimethylamin, dodecylmethylamine, dodecyldimethylamine, Dodecylethylmethylamin, Ci2 / i4-Kokosal- kyldimethylamin, myristyldimethylamine, cetyldimethylamine, stearyldimethylamine, Stearylethylmethyl- amine, oleyl dimethyl amine, Ci6 / 18 tallow alkyl dimethyl amine, and their technical mixtures.
- R 34 CO for an aliphatic acyl radical with 6 to 22 carbon atoms and 0 or 1 to 3 double bonds
- R 35 for hydrogen or alkyl radicals with 1 to 4 carbon atoms
- R 36 for alkyl radicals with 1 to 4 carbon atoms
- q2 for numbers from 1 to 6
- q3 for numbers from 1 to 3 and Z again represents an alkali and / or alkaline earth metal or ammonium.
- Typical examples are reaction products of fatty acids with 6 to 22 carbon atoms, namely caproic acid, caprylic acid, capric acid, lauric acid, myristic acid, palmitic acid, palmoleic acid, stearic acid, isostearic acid, oleic acid, elaidic acid, petroselinic acid, linoleic acid, linolenic acid, elaeostearic acid, gynolic acid, arachenic acid, arachinic acid and erucic acid and their technical mixtures, with N, N-dimethylaminoethylamine, N, N-dimethylaminopropylamine, N, N-diethyiaminoethylamine and N, N-diethylaminopropylamine, which are condensed with sodium chloroacetate. It is preferred to use a condensation product of C8 / i8 coconut fatty acid N, N-dimethylaminopropyl
- Imidazolinium betaines are also suitable. These substances are also known substances which can be obtained, for example, by cyclizing condensation of 1 or 2 moles of fatty acid with polyhydric amines such as, for example, aminoethylethanolamine (AEEA) or diethylene triamine. The corresponding carboxyalkylation products are mixtures of different open-chain betaines. Typical examples are condensation products of the above-mentioned fatty acids with AEEA, preferably imidazolines based on lauric acid or again which are then betainized with sodium chloroacetate.
- liquid crystalline or gel phases i.e. on the pumpability of the surfactants
- these are usually used in the form of aqueous solutions or pastes which have a solids content in the range from 1 to 80, preferably 25 to 60 and in particular 30 to 50% by weight.
- perforated disks For the purposes of the method according to the invention, preference is given to casting plates which are shaped as perforated disks, through whose openings the drops then drip into the spray tower
- the performance of such perforated disks can preferably be in the range from 100 to 800 kg / h and is in particular about 500 kg / h, the diameter of the bores is between 0.5 (diameter of the granules on average 0.8 mm) and 1, 4 mm (average diameter of the granules 2.5 mm).
- the frequency which is imposed on the aqueous surfactant preparations is typically in the range from 100 to 1000 and preferably 500 to 800 Hz.
- Another advantage over the conventional methods is that only low overpressure (typically: 10 to 100 mbar) is used can.
- Drying within the spray tower can be carried out with hot air or hot combustion gases at temperatures, for example in the range from 100 to 150 ° C., in countercurrent, as is adequately described in the prior art.
- the granules are approximately spherical and then have an average diameter in the range from 1 to 2.5 mm, depending on the openings in the perforated plate and the frequency.
- the proportion of dust, ie particles with particle sizes smaller than 0.5 mm, is practically zero.
- the surfactant granules obtainable by the process according to the invention can be mixed with other typical detergent ingredients, such as e.g. Builders, co-builders, oil and fat dissolving substances, bleaching agents, bleach activators, graying inhibitors, enzymes, enzyme stabilizers, optical brighteners, polymers, defoamers, disintegrants, fragrances, inorganic salts and the like are mixed and then made up to the corresponding end products. Therefore, further additives and packaging processes are explained below.
- typical detergent ingredients such as e.g. Builders, co-builders, oil and fat dissolving substances, bleaching agents, bleach activators, graying inhibitors, enzymes, enzyme stabilizers, optical brighteners, polymers, defoamers, disintegrants, fragrances, inorganic salts and the like are mixed and then made up to the corresponding end products. Therefore, further additives and packaging processes are explained below.
- the washing, rinsing, cleaning and finishing agents according to the invention can furthermore contain additional inorganic and organic builder substances, for example in amounts of 10 to 50 and preferably 15 to 35% by weight, based on the agent, zeolites being the main inorganic builder substances crystalline layered silicates, amorphous silicates and - where permissible - also phosphates, such as Tripolyphosphate are used.
- additional inorganic and organic builder substances for example in amounts of 10 to 50 and preferably 15 to 35% by weight, based on the agent, zeolites being the main inorganic builder substances crystalline layered silicates, amorphous silicates and - where permissible - also phosphates, such as Tripolyphosphate are used.
- the amount of co-builder is to be counted against the preferred amounts of phosphates.
- the fine crystalline, synthetic and bound water-containing zeolite which is frequently used as a detergent builder is preferably zeolite A and / or P.
- zeolite P for example, zeolite MAP ( R ) (commercial product from Crosfield) is particularly preferred.
- zeolite X and mixtures of A, X and / or P and Y are also suitable.
- a cocrystallized sodium / potassium aluminum silicate composed of zeolite A and zeolite X, which as VEGOBOND AX® (commercial product of the company Condea Augusta S.pA) is commercially available.
- the zeolite can be stabilized as a spray-dried powder or as an undried, still moist from its manufacture Suspension are used.
- the zeolite can contain small additions of nonionic surfactants as stabilizers, for example 1 to 3% by weight, based on zeolite, of ethoxylated C 2 -C 8 fatty alcohols with 2 to 5 ethylene oxide groups, Ci2-Ci4 fatty alcohols with 4 to 5 ethylene oxide groups or ethoxylated isotridecanols.
- Suitable zeolites have an average particle size of less than 10 ⁇ m (volume distribution; measurement method: Coulter Counter) and preferably contain 18 to 22% by weight, in particular 20 to 22% by weight, of bound water.
- Suitable substitutes or partial substitutes for phosphates and zeolites are crystalline, layered sodium silicates of the general formula where M is sodium or hydrogen, x is a number from 1, 9 to 4 and y is a number from 0 to 20 and preferred values for x are 2, 3 or 4.
- Such crystalline layered silicates are described, for example, in European patent application EP 0164514 A1.
- Preferred crystalline phyllosilicates of the formula given are those in which M is sodium and x is 2 or 3.
- both ⁇ - and ⁇ -sodium disilicate Na 2 Si 2 0s , yH 2 0 are preferred, with ⁇ -sodium disilicate being able to be obtained, for example, by the process described in international patent application WO 91/08171.
- Further suitable layered silicates are known, for example, from patent applications DE 2334899 A1, EP 0026529 A1 and DE 3526405 A1. Their usability is not limited to a special composition or structural formula. However, smectites, in particular bentonites, are preferred here.
- Suitable sheet silicates, which belong to the group of water-swellable smectites, are, for example, those of the general formulas
- the layered silicates can contain hydrogen, alkali, alkaline earth ions, in particular Na + and Ca 2+ .
- the amount of water of hydration is usually in the range of 8 to 20% by weight and depends on the swelling condition or the type of processing.
- Useful layer silicates are known, for example, from US 3,966,629, US 4,062,647, EP 0026529 A1 and EP 0028432 A1.
- Layer silicates are preferably used which are largely free of calcium ions and strongly coloring iron ions due to an alkali treatment.
- the preferred builder substances also include amorphous sodium silicates with a modulus Na 2 0: Si0 2 from 1: 2 to 1: 3.3, preferably from 1: 2 to 1: 2.8 and in particular from 1: 2 to 1: 2, 6, which before delayed release and have secondary washing properties.
- the delay in dissolution compared to conventional amorphous sodium silicates can be caused in various ways, for example by surface treatment, compounding, compacting / compression or by overdrying.
- the term “amorphous” is also understood to mean “X-ray amorphous”.
- silicates in X-ray diffraction experiments do not provide sharp X-ray reflections, as are typical for crystalline substances, but at most one or more maxima of the scattered X-rays, which have a width of several degree units of the diffraction angle.
- it can very well lead to particularly good builder properties if the silicate particles deliver washed-out or even sharp diffraction maxima in electron diffraction experiments. This is to be interpreted as meaning that the products have microcrystalline areas of size 10 to a few hundred nm, values up to max. 50 nm and in particular up to max. 20 nm are preferred.
- Such so-called X-ray amorphous silicates which also have a delay in dissolution compared to conventional water glasses, are described, for example, in German patent application DE 4400024 A1. Compressed / compacted amorphous silicates, compounded amorphous silicates and overdried X-ray amorphous silicates are particularly preferred.
- phosphates As builders, provided that such use should not be avoided for ecological reasons.
- the sodium salts of orthophosphates, pyrophosphates and in particular tripolyphosphates are particularly suitable. Their content is generally not more than 25% by weight, preferably not more than 20% by weight, in each case based on the finished composition. In some cases, it has been shown that tripolyphosphates in particular, even in small amounts up to a maximum of 10% by weight, based on the finished agent, in combination with other builder substances lead to a synergistic improvement in the secondary washing ability.
- Usable organic builders that come into question as co-builders are, for example, the polycarboxylic acids that can be used in the form of their sodium salts, such as citric acid, adipic acid, succinic acid, glutaric acid, tartaric acid, sugar acids, aminocarboxylic acids, nitrilotriacetic acid (NTA), provided that such use is used for ecological reasons is not objectionable, and mixtures of these.
- Preferred salts are the salts of polycarboxylic acids such as citric acid, adipic acid, succinic acid, glutaric acid, tartaric acid, sugar acids and mixtures of these. The acids themselves can also be used.
- the acids typically also have the property of an acidifying component and thus also serve to establish a low lower and milder pH value of detergents or cleaning agents.
- Citric acid, succinic acid, glutaric acid, adipic acid, gluconic acid and any mixtures thereof can be mentioned in particular.
- Suitable organic builder substances are dextrins, for example oligomers or polymers of carbohydrates, which can be obtained by partial hydrolysis of starches.
- the hydrolysis can be carried out by customary processes, for example acid-catalyzed or enzyme-catalyzed. They are preferably hydrolysis products with average molar masses in the range from 400 to 500,000.
- DE dextrose equivalent
- Both maltodextrins with a DE between 3 and 20 and dry glucose syrups with a DE between 20 and 37 as well as so-called yellow dextrins and white dextrins with higher molar masses in the range from 2,000 to 30,000 can be used.
- a preferred dextrin is described in British patent application GB 9419091 A1 ,
- the oxidized derivatives of such dextrins are their reaction products with oxidizing agents which are capable of oxidizing at least one alcohol function of the saccharide ring to the carboxylic acid function.
- Such oxidized dextrins and processes for their preparation are known, for example, from European patent applications EP 0232202 A1, EP 0427349 A1, EP 0472042 A1 and EP 0542496 A1 as well as from international patent applications WO 92/18542, WO 93/08251, WO 93/16110, WO 94 / 28030, WO 95/07303, WO 95/12619 and WO 95/20608 are known.
- An oxidized oligosaccharide according to German patent application DE 19600018 AI is also suitable.
- a product oxidized to C ⁇ of the saccharide ring can be particularly advantageous.
- Suitable cobuilders are oxydisuccinates and other derivatives of disuccinates, preferably ethylenediamine disuccinate.
- glycerol disuccinates and glycerol trisuccinates are also particularly preferred, as are described, for example, in US Pat. Nos. 4,524,009, 4,639,325, European Patent Application EP 0150930 A1 and Japanese Patent Application JP 93/339896.
- Suitable amounts for use in formulations containing zeolite and / or silicate are 3 to 15% by weight.
- organic cobuilders are, for example, acetylated hydroxycarboxylic acids or their salts, which may also be in lactone form and which contain at least 4 carbon atoms and at least one hydroxyl group and a maximum of two acid groups.
- Such cobuilders are described, for example, in international patent application WO 95/20029.
- Suitable polymeric polycarboxylates are, for example, the sodium salts of polyacrylic acid or polymethacrylic acid, for example those with a relative molecular weight of 800 to 150,000 (on Acid sourced and measured against polystyrene sulfonic acid).
- Suitable copolymeric polycarboxylates are, in particular, those of acrylic acid with methacrylic acid and of acrylic acid or methacrylic acid with maleic acid. Copolymers of acrylic acid with maleic acid which contain 50 to 90% by weight of acrylic acid and 50 to 10% by weight of maleic acid have proven to be particularly suitable.
- the relative molecular weight, based on free acids, is generally 5,000 to 200,000, preferably 10,000 to 120,000 and in particular 50,000 to 100,000 (measured in each case against polystyrene sulfonic acid).
- the (co) polymeric polycarboxylates can be used either as a powder or as an aqueous solution, with 20 to 55% by weight aqueous solutions being preferred.
- Granular polymers are usually subsequently mixed into one or more basic granules.
- biodegradable polymers composed of more than two different monomer units, for example those which, according to DE 4300772 A1, as salts of acrylic acid and maleic acid as well as vinyl alcohol or vinyl alcohol derivatives or as DE 4221381 C2 as monomer salts of acrylic acid and the 2-alkylallylsulfonic acid and sugar derivatives.
- Further preferred copolymers are those which are described in German patent applications DE 4303320 A1 and DE 4417734 A1 and which preferably contain acrolein and acrylic acid / acrylic acid salts or acrolein and vinyl acetate as monomers.
- polymeric aminodicarboxylic acids their salts or their precursor substances. Polyaspartic acids or their salts and derivatives are particularly preferred.
- polyacetals which can be obtained by reacting dialdehydes with polyolcarboxylic acids which have 5 to 7 carbon atoms and at least 3 hydroxyl groups, for example as described in European patent application EP 0280223 A1.
- Preferred polyacetals are obtained from dialdehydes such as glyoxal, glutaraldehyde, terephthalaldehyde and their mixtures and from polyol carboxylic acids such as gluconic acid and / or glucoheptonic acid.
- the agents can also contain components which have a positive influence on the oil and fat washability from textiles.
- the preferred oil and fat-dissolving components include, for example, nonionic cellulose ethers such as methyl cellulose and methyl hydroxypropyl cellulose with a proportion of methoxyl groups of 15 to 30% by weight and of hydroxypropoxyl groups of 1 to 15% by weight, in each case based on the nonionic Cellulose ethers, as well as the polymers of phthalic acid and / or terephthalic acid or their derivatives known from the prior art, in particular polymers of ethylene terephthalates and / or polyethylene glycol terephthalates or anionically and / or nonionically modified derivatives of these. Of these, the sulfonated derivatives of phthalic acid and terephthalic acid polymers are particularly preferred.
- sodium perborate tetrahydrate and sodium perborate monohydrate are of particular importance.
- Other useful bleaching agents are, for example, sodium percarbonate, peroxypyrophosphates, citrate perhydrates and H 2 0 2 -supplying peracidic salts or peracids, such as perbenzoates, peroxophthalates, diperazelaic acid, phthaloiminoperacid or diperdodecanedioic acid.
- the bleaching agent content of the agents is preferably 5 to 35% by weight and in particular up to 30% by weight, advantageously using boron monohydrate or percarbonate.
- Bleach activators which can be used are compounds which, under perhydrolysis conditions, give aliphatic peroxocarboxylic acids having preferably 1 to 10 C atoms, in particular 2 to 4 C atoms, and / or optionally substituted perbenzoic acid. Substances which carry 0- and / or N-acyl groups of the number of carbon atoms mentioned and / or optionally substituted benzoyl groups are suitable.
- hydrophilically substituted acylacetals known from German patent application DE 19616769 A1 and those described in German patent application DE 196 16 770 and the international nale patent application WO 95/14075 described acyllactams are also preferably used.
- the combinations of conventional bleach activators known from German patent application DE 4443177 A1 can also be used. Bleach activators of this type are present in the customary quantitative range, preferably in amounts of 1% by weight to 10% by weight, in particular 2% by weight to 8% by weight, based on the total agent.
- the sulfonimines and / or bleach-enhancing transition metal salts or transition metal complexes known from European patents EP 0446982 B1 and EP 0453 003 B1 can also be present as so-called bleaching catalysts.
- the transition metal compounds in question include in particular the manganese, iron, cobalt, ruthenium or molybdenum-salt complexes known from German patent application DE 19529905 A1 and their N-analog compounds known from German patent application DE 19620267 A1, which are known from German Patent application DE 19536082 A1 known manganese, iron, cobalt, ruthenium or molybdenum carbonyl complexes, the manganese, iron, cobalt, ruthenium, molybdenum, titanium, vanadium, described in German patent application DE 19605688 A1 and copper complexes with nitrogen-containing tripod ligands, the cobalt, iron, copper and ruthenium amine complexes known from German patent application DE 19620411 A1, the manganese, copper and cobalt complexes described in German patent application DE 4416438 A1 , the cobalt complexes described in European patent application EP 0272030 A1, the Mang.
- European patent application EP 0693550 A1 an complexes, the manganese, iron, cobalt and copper complexes known from European patent EP 0392592 A1 and / or those described in European patent EP 0443651 B1 or European patent applications EP 0458397 A1, EP 0458398 A1, EP 0549271 A1, EP 0549272 A1, EP 0544490 A1 and EP 0544519 A1 described manganese complexes.
- Combinations of bleach activators and transition metal bleach catalysts are known, for example, from German patent application DE 19613103 A1 and international patent application WO 95/27775.
- Bleach-enhancing transition metal complexes in particular with the central atoms Mn, Fe, Co, Cu, Mo, V, Ti and / or Ru, are used in customary amounts, preferably in an amount of up to 1% by weight, in particular 0.0025% by weight. % to 0.25% by weight and particularly preferably from 0.01% by weight to 0.1% by weight, in each case based on the total agent.
- Particularly suitable enzymes are those from the class of hydrolases, such as proteases, esterases, lipases or lipolytically active enzymes, amylases, cellulases or other glycosyl hydrolases and mixtures of the enzymes mentioned. All of these hydrolases contribute to the removal of stains, such as stains containing protein, fat or starch, and graying in the laundry. Cellulases and other glycosyl hydrolases can be removed by removing pilling and microfibrils help to maintain color and increase the softness of the textile. Oxidoreductases can also be used to bleach or inhibit color transfer.
- hydrolases such as proteases, esterases, lipases or lipolytically active enzymes, amylases, cellulases or other glycosyl hydrolases and mixtures of the enzymes mentioned. All of these hydrolases contribute to the removal of stains, such as stains containing protein, fat or starch, and graying in the laundry. Cellulases and other glycos
- Enzymes obtained from bacterial strains or fungi such as Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus licheniformis, Streptomyces griseus and Humicola insolens are particularly suitable.
- Proteases of the subtilisin type and in particular proteases which are obtained from Bacillus lentus are preferably used.
- Enzyme mixtures are, for example, from protease and amylase or protease and lipase or lipolytically active enzymes or protease and cellulase or from cellulase and lipase or lipolytically active enzymes or from protease, amylase and lipase or lipolytically active enzymes or protease, lipase or lipolytically active enzymes and cellulase, in particular, however, mixtures containing protease and / or lipase or mixtures with lipolytically active enzymes of particular interest.
- Known cutinases are examples of such lipolytically active enzymes.
- Peroxidases or oxidases have also proven to be suitable in some cases.
- Suitable amylases include in particular ⁇ -amylases, iso-amylases, pululanases and pectinases.
- Cellobiohydrolases, endoglucanases and ⁇ -glucosidases, which are also called cellobiases, or mixtures thereof, are preferably used as cellulases. Since the different cellulase types differ in their CMCase and avicelase activities, the desired activities can be set by targeted mixtures of the cellulases.
- the enzymes can be adsorbed on carriers and / or embedded in coating substances in order to protect them against premature decomposition.
- the proportion of the enzymes, enzyme mixtures or enzyme granules can be, for example, about 0.1 to 5% by weight, preferably 0.1 to about 2% by weight.
- the agents can contain further enzyme stabilizers.
- enzyme stabilizers For example, 0.5 to 1% by weight sodium formate can be used. It is also possible to use proteases which are stabilized with soluble calcium salts and a calcium content of preferably about 1.2% by weight, based on the enzyme.
- calcium salts magnesium salts also serve as stabilizers.
- boron compounds for example boric acid, boron oxide, borax and other alkali metal borates, such as the salts of orthoboric acid (H3BO3), metaboric acid (HBO2) and pyroboric acid (tetraboric acid H2B4O7), is particularly advantageous.
- Graying inhibitors have the task of keeping the dirt detached from the fiber suspended in the liquor and thus preventing the dirt from being re-absorbed.
- Water-soluble colloids of mostly organic nature are suitable for this, for example the water-soluble salts of polymeric carboxylic acids, glue, gelatin, salts of ether carboxylic acids or ether sulfonic acids of starch or cellulose or salts of acidic sulfuric acid esters of cellulose or starch.
- Water-soluble polyamides containing acidic groups are also suitable for this purpose. Soluble starch preparations and starch products other than those mentioned above can also be used, for example degraded starch, aldehyde starches, etc. Polyvinylpyrrolidone can also be used.
- cellulose ethers such as carboxymethyl cellulose (sodium salt), methyl cellulose, hydroxyalkyl cellulose and mixed ethers, such as methyl hydroxyethyl cellulose, methyl hydroxypropyl cellulose, methyl carboxymethyl cellulose and mixtures thereof, and polyvinylpyrrolidone, for example in amounts of 0.1 to 5% by weight, are preferred on the means.
- the agents can contain derivatives of diaminostilbenedisulfonic acid or its alkali metal salts. Suitable are, for example, salts of 4,4'-bis (2-anilino-4-morpholino-1,3,5-triazinyl-6-amino) stilbene-2,2'-disulfonic acid or compounds of similar structure which instead of the morpho- linino group carry a diethanolamino group, a methylamino group, an anilino group or a 2-methoxyethylamino group.
- Brighteners of the substituted diphenylstyrene type may also be present, for example the alkali salts of 4,4'-bis (2-sulfostyryl) diphenyl, 4,4'-bis (4-chloro-3-sulfostyryl) diphenyl , or 4- (4-chlorostyryl) -4 '- (2-sulfostyryl) diphenyl. Mixtures of the aforementioned brighteners can also be used.
- Uniformly white granules are obtained if, in addition to the usual brighteners, the agents are present in customary amounts, for example between 0.1 and 0.5% by weight, preferably between 0.1 and 0.3% by weight, and also in small amounts, for example Contain 10- 6 to 10- 3 wt .-%, preferably by 10- 5 wt .-%, of a blue dye.
- a particularly preferred dye is Tinolux® (commercial product from Ciba-Geigy).
- Soil repellants are substances which preferably contain ethylene terephthalate and / or polyethylene glycol terephthalate groups, the molar ratio of ethylene terephthalate to polyethylene glycol terephthalate being in the range from 50:50 to 90:10.
- the molecular weight of the linking polyethylene glycol units is in particular in the range from 750 to 5000, ie the degree of ethoxylation of the polymers containing polyethylene glycol groups can be approximately 15 to 100.
- the polymers are distinguished by an average molecular weight of approximately 5000 to 200,000 and can have a block, but preferably a random structure
- Preferred polymers are those with molar ratios of ethylene terephthalate / polyethylene glycol terephthalate of from about 65:35 to about 90:10, preferably from about 70:30 to 80:20.
- those polymers which combine linking polyethylene glycol units with a have a molecular weight of from 750 to 5000, preferably from 1000 to about 3000 and a molecular weight of the polymer from about 10,000 to about 50,000.
- Examples of commercially available polymers are the products Milease® T (ICI) or Repelotex® SRP 3 (Rhône-Poulenc).
- Wax-like compounds can be used as defoamers.
- Compounds which have a melting point at atmospheric pressure above 25 ° C. (room temperature), preferably above 50 ° C. and in particular above 70 ° C. are understood as “waxy”.
- the waxy defoamer substances are practically insoluble in water, ie at 20 ° C. they have a solubility of less than 0.1% by weight in 100 g of water.
- all wax-like defoamer substances known from the prior art can be present.
- Suitable wax-like compounds are, for example, bisamides, fatty alcohols, fatty acids, carboxylic acid esters of mono- and polyhydric alcohols as well as paraffin waxes or mixtures thereof.
- the silicone compounds known for this purpose can of course also be used.
- Suitable paraffin waxes generally represent a complex mixture of substances without a sharp melting point. For characterization, one usually determines its melting range by differential thermal analysis (DTA), as described in "The Analyst” 87 (1962), 420, and / or its freezing point. This is the temperature at which the paraffin changes from the liquid to the solid state by slow cooling. Paraffins which are completely liquid at room temperature, that is to say those having a solidification point below 25 ° C., cannot be used according to the invention.
- the soft waxes which have a melting point in the range from 35 to 50 ° C., preferably include the group of petrolates and their hydrogenation products.
- solid hydrocarbons with melting points between 63 and 79 ° C, which are separated from the highly viscous, paraffin-containing lubricating oil distillates during the dewaxing.
- These petrolates are mixtures of microcrystalline waxes and high-melting n-paraffins.
- the parafs known from EP 0309931 A1 can be used.
- this liquid fraction is as low as possible and is preferably absent entirely.
- Particularly preferred paraffin wax mixtures at 30 ° C have a liquid fraction of less than 10% by weight, in particular from 2% by weight to 5% by weight, at 40 ° C a liquid fraction of less than 30% by weight, preferably of 5 % By weight to 25% by weight and in particular from 5% by weight to 15% by weight, at 60 ° C. a liquid fraction of 30% by weight to 60% by weight, in particular 40% by weight % to 55% by weight, at 80 ° C a liquid content of 80% by weight to 100% by weight, and at 90 ° C a liquid content of 100% by weight.
- the temperature at which a liquid content of 100% by weight of the paraffin wax is reached is still below 85 ° C., in particular at 75 ° C. to 82 ° C., in particularly preferred paraffin wax mixtures.
- the paraffin waxes can be petrolatum, microcrystalline waxes or hydrogenated or partially hydrogenated paraffin waxes.
- Suitable bisamides as defoamers are those which are derived from saturated fatty acids with 12 to 22, preferably 14 to 18 C atoms and from alkylenediamines with 2 to 7 C atoms.
- Suitable fatty acids are lauric acid, myristic acid, stearic acid, arachic acid and behenic acid and mixtures thereof, as can be obtained from natural fats or hydrogenated oils, such as tallow or hydrogenated palm oil.
- Suitable diamines are, for example, ethylene diamine, 1,3-propylene diamine, tetramethylene diamine, pentamethylene diamine, hexamethylene diamine, p-phenylene diamine and tolylene diamine.
- Preferred diamines are ethylenediamine and hexamethylenediamine.
- Particularly preferred bisamides are bismyristoylethylene diamine, bispalmitoylethylene diamine, bisstearoylethylene diamine and mixtures thereof and the corresponding derivatives of hexamethylene diamine.
- Suitable carboxylic acid esters as defoamers are derived from carboxylic acids with 12 to 28 carbon atoms.
- these are esters of behenic acid, stearic acid, hydroxystearic acid, oleic acid, palmitic acid, myristic acid and / or lauric acid.
- the alcohol part of the carboxylic acid ester contains a mono- or polyhydric alcohol with 1 to 28 carbon atoms in the hydrocarbon chain.
- suitable alcohols are behenyl alcohol, arachidyl alcohol, coconut alcohol, 12-hydroxystearyl alcohol, oleyl alcohol and lauryl alcohol as well as ethylene glycol, glycerin, polyvinyl alcohol, sucrose, erythritol, pentaerythritol, sorbitan and / or sorbitol.
- Preferred esters are those of ethylene glycol, glycerol and sorbitan, the acid part of the ester being selected in particular from behenic acid, stearic acid, oleic acid, palmitic acid or myristic acid.
- esters of polyhydric alcohols are, for example, xylitol monopalmitate, pentarythritol monostearate, glycerol monostearate, ethylene glycol monostearate and sorbitan monostearate, sorbitan palmitate, sorbitan monolearate, sorbitan dilaurate, sorbitan distearate, sorbitan dibehenate, sorbitan dioleate and mixed tallow alkyl sorbitan mono- and diesters.
- Glycerol esters which can be used are the mono-, di- or triesters of glycerol and the carboxylic acids mentioned, the mono- or diesters being preferred.
- Glycerol monostearate, glycerol monooleate, glycerol monopalmitate, glycerol monobehenate and glycerol distearate are examples of this.
- suitable natural esters as defoamers are beeswax, which mainly consists of the esters CH 3 (CH 2 ) 2 4COO (CH 2 ) 27 CH3 and CH 3 (CH 2 ) 2 6COO (CH 2 ) 25 CH3, and camamauba wax , which is a mixture of carnauba acid alkyl esters, often in combination with small amounts of free carnauba acid, other long-chain acids, high-molecular alcohols and hydrocarbons.
- Suitable carboxylic acids as a further defoamer compound are, in particular, behenic acid, stearic acid, oleic acid, palmitic acid, myristic acid and lauric acid, and mixtures thereof, as are obtainable from natural fats or optionally hardened oils, such as tallow or hydrogenated palm oil.
- Saturated fatty acids with 12 to 22, in particular 18 to 22, carbon atoms are preferred.
- the corresponding fatty alcohols of the same C chain length can be used in the same way.
- Dialkyl ethers may also be present as defoamers.
- the ethers can be asymmetrical or symmetrical, i.e. contain two identical or different alkyl chains, preferably with 8 to 18 carbon atoms.
- Typical examples are di-n-octyl ether, di-i-octyl ether and di-n-stearyl ether; dialkyl ethers which have a melting point above 25 ° C., in particular above 40 ° C., are particularly suitable.
- Suitable defoamer compounds are fatty ketones, which can be obtained by the relevant methods of preparative organic chemistry. For their preparation, one starts from, for example, carboxylic acid magnesium salts which are pyrolyzed at temperatures above 300 ° C. with the elimination of carbon dioxide and water, for example according to the German laid-open specification DE 2553900 OS.
- Suitable fat ketones are those which are prepared by pyrolysis of the magnesium salts of lauric acid, myristic acid, palmitic acid, palmitoleic acid, stearic acid, oleic acid, elaidic acid, petroselinic acid, arachic acid, gadoleic acid, behenic acid or erucic acid.
- Suitable defoamers are fatty acid polyethylene glycol esters, which are preferably obtained by base-homogeneously catalyzed addition of ethylene oxide to fatty acids.
- the addition of ethylene oxide to the fatty acids takes place in the presence of alkanolamines as catalysts.
- alkanolamines especially triethanolamine, leads to an extremely selective ethoxylation of the fatty acids, especially when it comes to producing low-ethoxylated compounds len.
- the paraffin waxes described are particularly preferably used alone as wax-like defoamers or in a mixture with one of the other wax-like defoamers, the proportion of paraffin waxes in the mixture preferably making up more than 50% by weight, based on the wax-like defoamer mixture.
- the paraffin waxes can be applied to carriers if necessary. All known inorganic and / or organic carrier materials are suitable as carrier materials. Examples of typical inorganic carrier materials are alkali carbonates, aluminosilicates, water-soluble layer silicates, alkali silicates, alkali sulfates, for example sodium sulfate, and alkali phosphates.
- the alkali silicates are preferably a compound with a molar ratio of alkali oxide to SiO 2 of 1: 1.5 to 1: 3.5.
- the use of such silicates results in particularly good grain properties, in particular high abrasion stability and nevertheless high dissolution rate in water.
- the aluminosilicates referred to as carrier material include in particular the zeolites, for example zeolite NaA and NaX.
- the compounds referred to as water-soluble layered silicates include, for example, amorphous or crystalline water glass. Silicates which are commercially available under the name Aerosil® or Sipernat® can also be used.
- suitable organic carrier materials are film-forming polymers, for example polyvinyl alcohols, polyvinyl pyrrolidones, poly (meth) acrylates, polycarboxylates, cellulose derivatives and starch.
- Usable cellulose ethers are, in particular, alkali carboxymethyl cellulose, methyl cellulose, ethyl cellulose, hydroxyethyl cellulose and so-called cellulose mixed ethers, such as, for example, methyl hydroxyethyl cellulose and methyl hydroxypropyl cellulose, and mixtures thereof.
- Particularly suitable mixtures are composed of sodium carboxymethyl cellulose and methyl cellulose, the carboxymethyl cellulose usually having a degree of substitution of 0.5 to 0.8 carboxymethyl groups per anhydroglucose unit and the methyl cellulose having a degree of substitution of 1.2 to 2 methyl groups per anhydroglucose unit.
- the mixtures preferably contain alkali carboxymethyl cellulose and nonionic cellulose ethers in weight ratios from 80:20 to 40:60, in particular from 75:25 to 50:50.
- native starch which is composed of amylose and amylopectin. Starch is referred to as native starch as it is available as an extract from natural sources, for example from rice, potatoes, corn and wheat.
- Carrier materials which can be used individually or more than one of the abovementioned compounds, in particular selected from the group of alkali metal carbonates, alkali metal sulfates, alkali metal phosphates, zeolites, water-soluble sheet silicates, alkali metal silicates, polycarboxylates, cellulose ethers, polyacrylate / polymethacrylate and starch.
- alkali carbonates in particular sodium carbonate, alkali silicates, in particular sodium silicate, alkali sulfates, in particular sodium sulfate and zeolites are particularly suitable.
- Suitable silicones are conventional organopolysiloxanes, which can have a content of finely divided silica, which in turn can also be silanized. Such organopolysiloxanes are described, for example, in European patent application EP 0496510 A1. Polydiorganosiloxanes and in particular polydimethylsiloxanes, which are known from the prior art, are particularly preferred. Suitable polydiorganosiloxanes have an almost linear chain and have a degree of oligomerization of 40 to 1500. Examples of suitable substituents are methyl, ethyl, propyl, isobutyl, tert. Butyl and phenyl.
- silicones in general and the polydiorganosiloxanes in particular contain finely divided silica, which can also be silanated.
- Silicic acid-containing dimethylpolysiloxanes are particularly suitable for the purposes of the present invention.
- the polydiorganosiloxanes advantageously have a Brookfield viscosity at 25 ° C.
- silicones in the range from 5000 mPas to 30,000 mPas, in particular from 15,000 to 25,000 mPas.
- the silicones are preferably used in the form of their aqueous emulsions. As a rule, the silicone is added to the water initially introduced with stirring. If desired, thickeners such as are known from the prior art can be added to increase the viscosity of the aqueous silicone emulsions.
- nonionic cellulose ethers such as methyl cellulose, ethyl cellulose and mixed ethers such as methyl hydroxyethyl cellulose, methyl hydroxypropyl cellulose, methyl hydroxybutyl cellulose and anionic carboxyl cellulose types such as the carboxymethyl cellulose sodium salt (abbreviation CMC) are particularly preferred.
- Particularly suitable thickeners are mixtures of CMC to nonionic cellulose ethers in a weight ratio of 80:20 to 40:60, in particular 75:25 to 60:40.
- aqueous silicone solutions are given starch which is accessible from natural sources, for example from rice, potatoes, corn and wheat.
- the starch is advantageously present in amounts of 0.1 to 50% by weight, based on the silicone emulsion, and in particular in a mixture with the already described thickener mixtures of sodium carboxymethyl cellulose and a nonionic cellulose ether in the amounts already mentioned.
- the procedure is expediently such that the thickening agents which may be present pre-swell medium in water before adding the silicones.
- the silicones are expediently incorporated with the aid of effective stirring and mixing devices.
- the solid preparations can further contain disintegrants or disintegrants.
- Disintegration aids are, for example, carbonate / citric acid systems, although other organic acids can also be used
- Disintegration aids are, for example, synthetic polymers such as optionally crosslinked polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) or natural polymers or modified natural substances such as cellulose and starch and their derivatives, alginates or casein derivatives, and preferred disintegrants used in the context of the present invention are cellulose-based disintegrants
- PVP polyvinylpyrrolidone
- preferred disintegrants used in the context of the present invention are cellulose-based disintegrants
- Cellulose has the shape ale gross composition (C6H ⁇ 0 ⁇ 5) n and formally considered a ß-1, 4-polyacetal of cellobiose, which in turn is made up of two molecules of glucose.
- Suitable celluloses consist of approximately 500 to 5000 glucose units and consequently have average molecular weights of 50,000 to 500,000.
- Cellulose-based disintegrants which can be used in the context of the present invention are also cellulose derivatives which can be obtained from cellulose by polymer-analogous reactions.
- Such chemically modified celluloses include, for example, products from esterifications or etherifications in which hydroxy hydrogen atoms have been substituted.
- celluloses in which the hydroxyl groups have been replaced by functional groups which are not bound via an oxygen atom can also be used as cellulose derivatives.
- the group of cellulose derivatives includes, for example, alkali celluloses, carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC), cellulose esters and ethers and aminocelluloses.
- the cellulose derivatives mentioned are preferably not used alone as a cellulose-based disintegrant, but are used in a mixture with cellulose.
- the content of cellulose derivatives in these mixtures is preferably below 50% by weight, particularly preferably below 20% by weight, based on the cellulose-based disintegrant.
- Pure cellulose which is free of cellulose derivatives is particularly preferably used as the cellulose-based disintegrant.
- Microcrystalline cellulose can be used as a further cellulose-based disintegrant or as a component of this component. This microcrystalline cellulose is obtained by partial hydrolysis of celluloses under conditions that only affect the amorphous areas (approx. Attack and completely dissolve 30% of the total cellulose mass) of the celluloses, but leave the crystalline areas (approx. 70%) undamaged.
- a subsequent disaggregation of the microfine celluloses produced by the hydrolysis provides the microcrystalline celluloses, which have primary particle sizes of approximately 5 ⁇ m and can be compacted, for example, into granules with an average particle size of 200 ⁇ m.
- the disintegrants can be macroscopically homogeneously distributed in the shaped body, but microscopically they form zones of increased concentration due to the manufacturing process.
- Disintegrants which may be present in the context of the invention, such as, for example, collidone, alginic acid and its alkali metal salts, amorphous or also partially crystalline sheet silicates (bentonites), polyacrylates, polyethylene glycols are, for example, the publications WO 98/40462 (Rettenmaier), WO 98/55583 and WO 98/55590 (Unilever) and WO 98/40463, DE 19709991 and DE 19710254 (Henkel) can be found. Reference is expressly made to the teaching of these writings.
- the moldings can contain the disintegrants in amounts of 0.1 to 25, preferably 1 to 20 and in particular 5 to 15% by weight, based on the moldings.
- fragrance compounds e.g. the synthetic products of the ester, ether, aldehyde, ketone, alcohol and hydrocarbon type are used.
- Fragrance compounds of the ester type are e.g. Benzyl acetate, phenoxyethyl isobutyrate, p-tert-butylcyclohexyl acetate, linalyl acetate, dimethylbenzylcarbinylacetate, phenylethyl acetate, linalylbenzoate, benzyl formate, ethylmethylphenylglycinate, allylcyclohexylpropionate, styrallylpropionate and benzylsapionate and benzylsapionate.
- the ethers include, for example, benzyl ethyl ether, the aldehydes e.g. the linear alkanals with 8-18 C atoms, citral, citronellal, citronellyloxyacetaldehyde, cyclamenaldehyde, hydroxycitronellal, lilial and bourgeonal, to the ketones e.g.
- perfume oils can also contain natural fragrance mixtures as are available from plant sources, e.g. Pine, citrus, jasmine, patchouly, rose or ylang-ylang oil.
- muscatel sage oil, chamomile oil, clove oil, lemon balm oil, mint oil, cinnamon leaf oil, linden blossom oil, juniper berry oil, vetiver oil, olibanum oil, galbanum oil and labdanum oil as well as orange blossom oil, neroliol, orange peel oil and sandalwood oil.
- the fragrances can be incorporated directly into the agents according to the invention, but it can also be advantageous to apply the fragrances to carriers which prevent the perfume from adhering to the laundry. see intensify and ensure a long-lasting fragrance of the textiles through a slower fragrance release.
- Cyclodextrins for example, have proven useful as such carrier materials, and the cyclodextrin-perfume complexes can additionally be coated with further auxiliaries.
- Suitable ingredients of the agents are water-soluble inorganic salts such as bicarbonates, carbonates, amorphous silicates, normal water glasses, which have no outstanding builder properties, or mixtures of these; in particular, alkali carbonate and / or amorphous alkali silicate, especially sodium silicate with a molar ratio Na 2 O: Si0 2 of 1: 1 to 1: 4.5, preferably of 1: 2 to 1: 3.5, are used.
- the content of sodium carbonate in the final preparations is preferably up to 40% by weight, advantageously between 2 and 35% by weight.
- the content of sodium silicate in the agents (without special builder properties) is generally up to 10% by weight and preferably between 1 and 8% by weight.
- Sodium sulfate for example, may also be present as a filler or leveling agent in amounts of 0 to 10, in particular 1 to 5% by weight, based on the preparation, of the detergents
- the detergents obtainable using the additives according to the invention can be produced or used in the form of powders, extrudates, granules or agglomerates. These can be both universal and delicates or color detergents, optionally in the form of compact or super-compact.
- the corresponding methods known from the prior art are suitable for producing such agents.
- the agents are preferably prepared by mixing different particulate components which contain detergent ingredients.
- the particulate components can be produced by spray drying, simple mixing or complex granulation processes, for example fluidized bed granulation. It is particularly preferred that at least one surfactant-containing component is produced by fluidized bed granulation. It can furthermore be particularly preferred if aqueous preparations of the alkali silicate and the alkali carbonate are sprayed together with other detergent ingredients in a drying device, wherein granulation can take place simultaneously with the drying. Spray drying
- the drying device into which the aqueous preparation is sprayed can be any drying apparatus.
- the drying is carried out as spray drying in a drying tower.
- the aqueous preparations are exposed to a drying gas stream in finely divided form in a known manner.
- Patent publications by Henkel describe an embodiment of spray drying with superheated steam. The working principle disclosed there is hereby expressly made the subject of the present disclosure of the invention.
- a particularly preferred way of producing the agents is to subject the preliminary products to fluidized bed granulation (“SKET” granulation).
- SKET fluidized bed granulation
- the fluidized bed apparatus used preferably has base plates with dimensions of 0.4 to 5 m.
- the granulation is preferably carried out at fluidized air speeds in the range from 1 to 8 m / s.
- the granules are discharged from the fluidized bed
- the classification can be carried out, for example, by means of a sieving device or by means of an opposed air flow (classifying air) which is regulated in such a way that only particles of a certain particle size are removed from the fluidized bed and smaller particles violets are retained in the fluidized bed.
- the inflowing air is usually composed of the heated or unheated classifier air and the heated bottom air.
- the soil air temperature is between 80 and 400, preferably 90 and 350 ° C.
- a starting mass for example a granulate from an earlier test batch, is presented at the beginning of the granulation. Press agglomeration
- the mixtures are then subjected to a compacting step, further ingredients being added to the agents only after the compacting step.
- the ingredients are compacted in a press agglomeration process.
- the press agglomeration process to which the solid premix (dried basic detergent) is subjected can be carried out in various apparatuses. Different press agglomeration processes are distinguished depending on the type of agglomerator used.
- the four most common press agglomeration processes preferred in the context of the present invention are extrusion, roll pressing or compacting, hole pressing (pelletizing) and tableting, so that preferred press agglomeration processes in the context of the present invention are extrusion, roll compacting, pelletizing - or tableting processes.
- binders can be used as an aid to compaction.
- a binder is used which is already completely present as a melt at temperatures of up to 130 ° C., preferably up to 100 ° C. and in particular up to 90 ° C.
- the binder must therefore be selected depending on the process and process conditions, or the process conditions, in particular the process temperature, must - if a particular binder is desired - be adapted to the binder.
- the actual compression process preferably takes place at processing temperatures which, at least in the compression step, correspond at least to the temperature of the softening point, if not even the temperature of the melting point of the binder.
- the process temperature is significantly above the melting point or above the temperature at which the binder is in the form of a melt.
- the process temperature in the compression step is not more than 20 ° C. above the melting point temperature or the upper limit of the melting range of the binder. It is technically possible to set even higher temperatures; However, it has been shown that a temperature difference of 20 ° C. from the melting temperature or softening temperature of the binder is generally sufficient and even higher temperatures do not bring any additional advantages.
- thermoly sensitive raw materials for example peroxy bleaching agents such as perborate and / or percarbonate, but also enzymes, can increasingly be processed without serious loss of active substance.
- peroxy bleaching agents such as perborate and / or percarbonate, but also enzymes.
- the possibility of precise temperature control of the binder in particular in the decisive step of compaction, i.e. between the mixing / homogenization of the premix and the shaping, permits an energetically very economical and extremely gentle process control for the temperature-sensitive components of the premix, since the premix only lasts for a short time exposed to higher temperatures.
- the work tools of the press agglomerator (the screw (s) of the extruder, the roller (s) of the roller compactor and the press roller (s) of the pellet press) have a temperature of at most 150 ° C., preferably at most 100 ° C. and in particular to a maximum of 75 ° C and the process temperature is 30 ° C and in particular a maximum of 20 ° C above the melting temperature or the upper temperature limit of the melting range of the binder.
- the duration of the temperature effect in the compression range of the press agglomerators is preferably a maximum of 2 minutes and is in particular in a range between 30 seconds and 1 minute.
- Preferred binders which can be used alone or in a mixture with other binders are polyethylene glycols, 1,2-polypropylene glycols and modified polyethylene glycols and polypropylene glycols.
- the modified polyalkylene glycols include in particular the sulfates and / or the disulfates of polyethylene glycols or polypropylene glycols with a relative molecular weight between 600 and 12,000 and in particular between 1,000 and 4,000.
- Another group consists of mono- and / or disuccinates of the polyalkylene glycols, which again have relative molecular weights between 600 and 6,000, preferably between 1,000 and 4,000.
- polyethylene glycols include those polymers which, in addition to ethylene glycol, also employ C3-Cs glycols and glycerol and mixtures thereof as starting molecules. Ethoxylated derivatives such as trimethylolpropane with 5 to 30 EO are also included.
- the polyethylene glycols preferably used can have a linear or branched structure, linear polyethylene glycols being particularly preferred.
- the particularly preferred polyethylene glycols include those with relative molecular weights between 2,000 and 12,000, advantageously around 4,000, with polyethylene glycols relative molecular weights below 3,500 and above 5,000, in particular in combination with polyethylene glycols with a relative molecular weight of around 4,000, and such combinations advantageously to more than 50% by weight, based on the total amount of polyethylene glycols, polyethylene glycols with a relative molecular weight have between 3 500 and 5 000.
- polyethylene glycols can also be used as binders, which are per se in liquid state at room temperature and a pressure of 1 bar; this is primarily about polyethylene glycol with a relative molecular weight of 200, 400 and 600.
- these per se liquid polyethylene glycols should only be used in a mixture with at least one other binder, this mixture again having to meet the requirements of the invention, must have a melting point or softening point of at least above 45 ° C.
- suitable as binders are low molecular weight polyvinylpyrrolidones and derivatives thereof with relative molecular weights of up to a maximum of 30,000. Relative molecular weight ranges between 3,000 and 30,000, for example around 10,000 are preferred.
- Polyvinylpyrrolidones are preferably not used as sole binders but in combination with other used in particular in combination with polyethylene glycols.
- the compressed material preferably has temperatures not above 90 ° C., temperatures between 35 and 85 ° C. being particularly preferred. It has been found that exit temperatures - especially in the extrusion process - from 40 to 80 ° C, for example up to 70 ° C, are particularly advantageous.
- the detergent according to the invention is produced by means of an extrusion, as described, for example, in European patent EP 0486592 B1 or international patent applications WO 93/02176 and WO 94/09111 or WO 98/12299.
- a solid premix is pressed in the form of a strand under pressure, and the strand is cut to the predeterminable size of the granulate after it has emerged from the hole shape by means of a cutting device.
- the homogeneous and solid premix contains a plasticizer and / or lubricant, which causes the premix to become plastically softened and extrudable under the pressure or under the entry of specific work.
- Preferred plasticizers and / or lubricants are surfactants and / or polymers.
- the premix is preferably fed to a planetary roller extruder or a 2-shaft extruder or 2-screw extruder with co-rotating or counter-rotating screw guidance, the housing and the extruder pelletizing head of which can be heated to the predetermined extrusion temperature.
- the premix is compressed, plasticized, extruded in the form of fine strands through the perforated die plate in the extruder head and finally the extrudate under pressure, which is preferably at least 25 bar, but can also be lower at extremely high throughputs depending on the apparatus used preferably reduced to approximately spherical to cylindrical granules by means of a rotating cutting knife.
- the hole diameter of the perforated nozzle plate and the strand cut length are matched to the selected granulate dimension. In this way, the production of granules of an essentially uniformly predeterminable particle size succeeds, and in particular the absolute particle sizes can be adapted to the intended use. In general, particle diameters up to at most 0.8 cm are preferred.
- Important embodiments provide for the production of uniform granules in the millimeter range, for example in the range from 0.5 to 5 mm and in particular in the range from approximately 0.8 to 3 mm.
- the length / diameter ratio of the chopped-off primary granules is preferably in the range from about 1: 1 to about 3: 1. It is also preferred to feed the still plastic primary granules to a further shaping processing step; edges present on the crude extrudate are rounded off so that ultimately spherical to approximately spherical extrudate grains can be obtained.
- small amounts of dry powder for example zeolite powder such as zeolite NaA powder, can also be used in this step. This shape can be done in standard rounding machines.
- extrusions / pressings can also be carried out in low-pressure extruders, in the Kahl press (from Amandus Kahl) or in the Bepex extruder.
- the temperature control in the transition region of the screw, the pre-distributor and the nozzle plate is preferably designed such that the melting temperature of the binder or the upper limit of the melting range of the binder is at least reached, but preferably exceeded.
- the duration of the temperature influence in the compression range of the extrusion is preferably less than 2 minutes and in particular in a range between 30 seconds and 1 minute. roller compacting
- the detergents according to the invention can also be produced by means of roller compaction.
- the premix is metered in between two smooth rollers or with recesses of a defined shape and rolled out under pressure between the two rollers to form a sheet-like compact, the so-called Schülpe.
- the rollers exert a high line pressure on the premix and can be additionally heated or cooled as required.
- smooth rollers you get smooth, unstructured sash bands, while by the Using structured rollers, correspondingly structured slugs can be produced, in which, for example, certain shapes of the later detergent particles can be specified.
- the sliver belt is subsequently broken up into smaller pieces by a knocking-off and crushing process and can be processed into granules in this way, which can be refined by further known surface treatment processes, in particular in an approximately spherical shape.
- the temperature of the pressing tools that is to say of the rollers, is preferably at most 150 ° C., preferably at most 100 ° C. and in particular at a maximum of 75 ° C.
- Particularly preferred production processes work in roller compacting with process temperatures which are 10 ° C., in particular a maximum of 5 ° C. above the melting temperature or the upper temperature limit of the melting range of the binder.
- the duration of the temperature effect in the compression area of the smooth rollers or with depressions of a defined shape is a maximum of 2 minutes and is in particular in a range between 30 seconds and 1 minute.
- the detergent according to the invention can also be produced by pelleting.
- the premix is applied to a perforated surface and pressed through the holes by means of a pressure-producing body with plasticization.
- the premix is compressed under pressure, plasticized, pressed through a perforated surface by means of a rotating roller in the form of fine strands and finally comminuted into granules using a knock-off device.
- the most varied configurations of the pressure roller and perforated die are conceivable here. For example, flat perforated plates are used as well as concave or convex ring matrices through which the material is pressed using one or more pressure rollers.
- the press rolls can also be conical in the plate devices, in the ring-shaped devices dies and press roll (s) can have the same or opposite direction of rotation.
- An apparatus suitable for carrying out the method is described, for example, in German laid-open specification DE 3816842 A1.
- the ring die press disclosed in this document consists of a rotating ring die interspersed with press channels and at least one press roller which is operatively connected to its inner surface and which presses the material supplied to the die space through the press channels into a material discharge.
- the ring die and the press roller can be driven in the same direction, which means that a reduced shear stress and thus a lower temperature increase in the premix can be achieved.
- the temperature of the pressing tools is preferably at a maximum of 150 ° C., preferably at a maximum of 100 ° C. especially at a maximum of 75 ° C.
- Particularly preferred production processes work in roller compacting with process temperatures which are 10 ° C., in particular a maximum of 5 ° C. above the melting temperature or the upper temperature limit of the melting range of the binder.
- Shaped bodies are generally produced by tableting or press agglomeration.
- the particulate press agglomerates obtained can either be used directly as detergents or aftertreated and / or prepared beforehand by customary methods.
- the usual aftertreatments include, for example, powdering with finely divided ingredients from detergents or cleaning agents, which generally further increases the bulk density.
- a preferred aftertreatment is also the procedure according to German patent applications DE 19524287 A1 and DE 19547457 A1, in which dusty or at least finely divided ingredients (the so-called fine fractions) are adhered to the particulate end products of the process, which serve as the core, and thus give rise to agents , which have these so-called fines as an outer shell.
- the solid detergents are in tablet form, these tablets preferably having rounded corners and edges, in particular for storage and transport reasons.
- the base of these tablets can be circular or rectangular, for example.
- Multi-layer tablets, in particular tablets with 2 or 3 layers, which can also have different colors, are particularly preferred. Blue-white or green-white or blue-green-white tablets are particularly preferred.
- the tablets can also contain pressed and unpressed parts.
- Shaped articles with a particularly advantageous dissolution rate are obtained if the granular constituents, prior to pressing, have a proportion of particles which have a diameter outside the range from 0.02 to 6 mm of less than 20, preferably less than 10,% by weight.
- a particle size distribution in the range from 0.05 to 2.0 and particularly preferably from 0.2 to 1.0 mm is preferred. Examples
- Example H In a conventional spray tower, a 55% by weight aqueous dodecylbenzenesulfonate sodium salt paste (Maranil® A55, Cognis Deutschland GmbH) was placed over a pouring plate (“drip plate”) with a diameter of 480 mm, bores of 0.5 mm , an oscillation frequency of 800 Hz and an operating pressure of 40 mbar. Drying was carried out with hot air (150 ° C.) in countercurrent. The spray material was drawn off continuously at the cone of the tower. The proportion of spray material with a diameter of less than 0.5 mm was now 0.4% by weight, while 68.5% by weight had a diameter in the range from 0.8 to 1.25 mm.
- Example H2 Example 1 was repeated using a 30% by weight lauryl sulfate sodium salt paste (Sulfopon® T30, Cognis Deutschland GmbH). The proportion of spray material with a diameter of less than 0.5 mm was now 0.3% by weight, while 70.5% by weight had a diameter in the range from 0.8 to 1.25 mm.
- Example H3 Example 1 was repeated using a 30% by weight coconut monoglyceride sodium salt paste (Plantapon® CMGS, Cognis Deutschland GmbH). The proportion of spray material with a diameter of less than 0.5 mm was now still 0.25% by weight, while 67.3% by weight had a diameter in the range from 0.8 to 1.25 mm.
- Example H4 Example 1 was repeated using a 30% by weight coconut alkyl glucoside paste (Glucopon® 600 CS UP, Cognis Deutschland GmbH); drying took place at 105 ° C. The proportion of spray material with a diameter of less than 0.5 mm was now 0.3% by weight, while 71.8% by weight had a diameter in the range from 0.8 to 1.25 mm.
- Glucopon® 600 CS UP coconut alkyl glucoside paste
- Example 1 was repeated using a 30% by weight coconut alkyl glucoside / coconut alcohol + 2EO sulfate sodium salt paste (Plantacare® PS 10, Cognis Deutschland GmbH); drying took place at 108 ° C.
- the proportion of spray material with a diameter of less than 0.5 mm was now 0.35% by weight, while 74.2% by weight had a diameter in the range from 0.8 to 1.25 mm.
- Example H6 Example 1 was repeated using a 30% by weight lauric acid N-methylglucamide paste; drying took place at 105 ° C. The proportion of spray material with a diameter of less than 0.5 mm was now 0.3% by weight, while 71.8% by weight had a diameter in the range from 0.8 to 1.25 mm.
- Example H7 Example 1 was repeated using a 45% by weight cocamidopropyl betaine paste (Dehyton® PK, Cognis Germany GmbH). The proportion of spray material with a diameter of less than 0.5 mm was now 0.5% by weight, while 71.0% by weight had a diameter in the range from 0.8 to 1.25 mm.
- the detergent formulations were compressed into tablets (weight 40 g, constant breaking hardness) with the addition of 7 g of microcrystalline compacted cellulose, packed airtight and then stored at 40 ° C. for 2 weeks.
- the tablets were placed on a wire frame which was in water (0 ° d, 25 ° C). The tablets were completely surrounded by water. The disintegration time from immersion to complete dissolution was measured. The disintegration times are also shown in Table 1.
- compositions and results on the dissolution rate (quantities as% by weight)
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Abstract
Description
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Priority Applications (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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US10/182,292 US6881359B2 (en) | 2000-01-26 | 2001-01-17 | Processes for the preparation of low dust, limited particle size distribution, surfactant granules |
EP01913756A EP1250412B1 (de) | 2000-01-26 | 2001-01-17 | Verfahren zur herstellung von tensidgranulaten |
DE50103096T DE50103096D1 (de) | 2000-01-26 | 2001-01-17 | Verfahren zur herstellung von tensidgranulaten |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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DE10003124A DE10003124A1 (de) | 2000-01-26 | 2000-01-26 | Verfahren zur Herstellung von Tensidgranulaten |
DE10003124.2 | 2000-01-26 |
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WO2001055284A2 true WO2001055284A2 (de) | 2001-08-02 |
WO2001055284A3 WO2001055284A3 (de) | 2001-12-13 |
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EP (1) | EP1250412B1 (de) |
DE (2) | DE10003124A1 (de) |
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WO (1) | WO2001055284A2 (de) |
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WO2004069973A1 (de) * | 2003-02-10 | 2004-08-19 | Henkel Kommanditgesellschaft Auf Aktien | Verstärkung der reinigungsleistung von waschmitteln durch cellulosederivat und hygroskopisches polymer |
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ES2915324T3 (es) * | 2015-07-31 | 2022-06-21 | Steerlife India Private Ltd | Proceso y aparato para granulación continua de material en polvo |
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- 2001-01-17 DE DE50103096T patent/DE50103096D1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2001-01-17 EP EP01913756A patent/EP1250412B1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2001-01-17 US US10/182,292 patent/US6881359B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2001-01-17 ES ES01913756T patent/ES2225497T3/es not_active Expired - Lifetime
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Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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CN114836187A (zh) * | 2021-02-02 | 2022-08-02 | 中国石油天然气股份有限公司 | 复合驱油体系及其制备方法 |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
US20030102584A1 (en) | 2003-06-05 |
WO2001055284A3 (de) | 2001-12-13 |
DE10003124A1 (de) | 2001-08-09 |
EP1250412A2 (de) | 2002-10-23 |
DE50103096D1 (de) | 2004-09-09 |
ES2225497T3 (es) | 2005-03-16 |
US6881359B2 (en) | 2005-04-19 |
EP1250412B1 (de) | 2004-08-04 |
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