WO2001032890A1 - L-pantolacton-hydrolase und ein verfahren zur herstellung von d-pantolacton - Google Patents
L-pantolacton-hydrolase und ein verfahren zur herstellung von d-pantolacton Download PDFInfo
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- WO2001032890A1 WO2001032890A1 PCT/EP2000/010320 EP0010320W WO0132890A1 WO 2001032890 A1 WO2001032890 A1 WO 2001032890A1 EP 0010320 W EP0010320 W EP 0010320W WO 0132890 A1 WO0132890 A1 WO 0132890A1
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- pantolactone
- nucleic acid
- acid sequence
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- hydrolase
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12N—MICROORGANISMS OR ENZYMES; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF; PROPAGATING, PRESERVING, OR MAINTAINING MICROORGANISMS; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING; CULTURE MEDIA
- C12N15/00—Mutation or genetic engineering; DNA or RNA concerning genetic engineering, vectors, e.g. plasmids, or their isolation, preparation or purification; Use of hosts therefor
- C12N15/09—Recombinant DNA-technology
- C12N15/11—DNA or RNA fragments; Modified forms thereof; Non-coding nucleic acids having a biological activity
- C12N15/52—Genes encoding for enzymes or proenzymes
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- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12P—FERMENTATION OR ENZYME-USING PROCESSES TO SYNTHESISE A DESIRED CHEMICAL COMPOUND OR COMPOSITION OR TO SEPARATE OPTICAL ISOMERS FROM A RACEMIC MIXTURE
- C12P17/00—Preparation of heterocyclic carbon compounds with only O, N, S, Se or Te as ring hetero atoms
- C12P17/02—Oxygen as only ring hetero atoms
- C12P17/04—Oxygen as only ring hetero atoms containing a five-membered hetero ring, e.g. griseofulvin, vitamin C
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12N—MICROORGANISMS OR ENZYMES; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF; PROPAGATING, PRESERVING, OR MAINTAINING MICROORGANISMS; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING; CULTURE MEDIA
- C12N9/00—Enzymes; Proenzymes; Compositions thereof; Processes for preparing, activating, inhibiting, separating or purifying enzymes
- C12N9/14—Hydrolases (3)
- C12N9/16—Hydrolases (3) acting on ester bonds (3.1)
- C12N9/18—Carboxylic ester hydrolases (3.1.1)
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12P—FERMENTATION OR ENZYME-USING PROCESSES TO SYNTHESISE A DESIRED CHEMICAL COMPOUND OR COMPOSITION OR TO SEPARATE OPTICAL ISOMERS FROM A RACEMIC MIXTURE
- C12P41/00—Processes using enzymes or microorganisms to separate optical isomers from a racemic mixture
- C12P41/003—Processes using enzymes or microorganisms to separate optical isomers from a racemic mixture by ester formation, lactone formation or the inverse reactions
- C12P41/005—Processes using enzymes or microorganisms to separate optical isomers from a racemic mixture by ester formation, lactone formation or the inverse reactions by esterification of carboxylic acid groups in the enantiomers or the inverse reaction
Definitions
- the present invention relates to proteins which have an enzymatic activity for the hydrolysis of L-pantolactone.
- the invention further relates to nucleic acids that code for these proteins, nucleic acid constructs, vectors, genetically modified microorganisms and a method for producing D-pantolactone.
- D-pantolactone is a precursor in the chemical synthesis or biosynthesis of pantothenic acid, panthenol and pantethein and their derivatives. These are used as vitamin additives in human nutrition, in animal feed, in medicine, for example for wound healing, and in cosmetics, for example in hair cosmetics. Economic processes for the synthesis of enantiomerically pure D-pantolactone are therefore of great importance
- pantolactone In addition to the long-established chemical processes for the production of D-pantolactone, various biotechnological processes have also recently been worked on. An overview of pantolactone and its chemical synthesis can be found in Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry (Vol. A27, 1996, VCH Verlagsgesellschaft mbH, 69451 Weinheim, pages 559-566).
- pantolactone Various synthetic strategies were pursued for the biotechnological synthesis of pantolactone.
- Degussa describes the production of pantolactone with the enzyme oxinitrilase starting from hydroxypivalaldehyde and hydrocyanic acid via optically pure hydroxypivalaldehyde cyanohydrin (DE 41 26 580, EP-A-0 528 256, DE 41 39 987). Theoretically, 100% yield can be achieved in this reaction. The disadvantage of this reaction is the high enzyme requirement (equimolar amounts Enzyme: substrate) and the relatively low enantiomeric purity of the product (max. 82% ee).
- JP 47019745 describes the synthesis of D-pantolactone using Arthrobacter, Brevibacterium, Bacillus or Corynebacterium.
- the organisms mentioned convert racemic pantolactone to D-pantolactone by metabolizing the L-pantolactone.
- the disadvantage of this process is that half of the starting material is metabolized and is therefore lost.
- ketopantolactone and ketopantoate oxidoreductases have also been described for bacteria (e.g. Yamada & Shimizu, see above; Shimizu et al., 1988, J. Biol. Chem. 263, 12077-12084, Kataoka et al. 1992, Eur. J Biochem. 204, 799-806).
- the Fuji company in cooperation with the Yamada working group at Kyoto University has developed a process for the enzymatic resolution using a fungal D-pantolactone hydrolase (JP 09308-497, JP 11056356, EP-B-0 436 730, EP- B-0 504 421, 5 EP-A-0 794 251, WO 92/06182, WO 97/10341, US 5,275,949,
- D-pantolactone hydrolase is a glycosylated enzyme that consists of a 125 kDa homodimer and
- nucleic acid sequences which, as a result of the degenerate genetic code, are derived from the nucleic acid sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 1,
- L-pantolactone hydrolases can advantageously be found in organisms, microorganisms such as bacteria.
- the enzyme or the enzymes have a high enzymatic activity for the hydrolytic conversion of L-pantolactone into L-pantoic acid.
- L-pantolactone hydrolases do not convert D-pantolactone, so that the organisms, extracts or purified enzymes as well as corresponding recombinant strains or proteins can be used to produce enantiomerically pure D-pantolactone.
- Derivatives of the nucleic acid sequence according to the invention with the sequence SEQ ID NO: 1 are to be understood, for example, as allele variants which have at least 50% homology at the derived amino acid level, preferably at least 60% homology, particularly preferably 70%, very particularly preferably at least 80% homology. Homology was determined using either the method of Needleman & Wunsch (J. Mol. Biol. 48, 1970: 443-453) or Smith S Waterman (Adv. Appl. Math., 2, 1981: 482-489). The homologies can advantageously be higher over partial regions of the sequences.
- the amino acid sequence derived from SEQ ID NO: 1 can be found in SEQ ID NO: 2.
- Allelic variants include in particular functional variants which can be obtained by deleting, inserting or substituting nucleotides from the sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 1, the enzymatic Activity of the derived synthesized proteins should not be significantly reduced. Enzymes with a not significantly reduced enzymatic activity are to be understood as enzymes which have an enzymatic activity of at least 20%, preferably 50%, particularly preferably 75%, very particularly preferably 90%.
- the invention thus also relates to amino acid sequences which are encoded by the group of nucleic acid sequences shown above.
- the invention advantageously relates to amino acid sequences which are encoded by the sequence SEQ ID NO: 1.
- Functional equivalents of the sequences mentioned under (a) to (c) are to be understood as nucleic acids which code for enzymes which hydrolyze L-pantolactone to the corresponding acid and which are at least 20%, preferably 50%, particularly preferably 75%, very particularly preferably Have 90% of the activity of the sequence mentioned under SEQ ID NO: 2, are not inhibited by EDTA (1 r ⁇ M solution) and are stable between pH 4 to 10.
- These functional equivalents also advantageously have a pH optimum between pH 7 and 8 and a temperature optimum between 70 ° C and 80 ° C.
- derivatives are also to be understood as homologs of SEQ ID NO: 1, for example fungal or bacterial homologs, shortened sequences, single-stranded DNA or RNA of the coding and non-coding DNA sequence.
- Homologs of SEQ ID NO: 1 have a homology at the DNA level of at least 50%, preferably at least 60%, particularly preferably at least 70%, very particularly preferably at least 80% over the entire DNA specified in SEQ ID NO: 1 -Area.
- homologs of SEQ ID NO: 1 are to be understood as derivatives such as promoter variants.
- the promoters which precede the specified nucleotide sequences can be changed by one or more nucleotide exchanges, by insertion (s) and / or deletion (s), but without the functionality or effectiveness of the promoters being impaired.
- the effectiveness of the promoters can be increased by changing their sequence, or completely replaced by more effective promoters, including organisms of other species.
- nucleic acid sequences according to the invention can be identified and isolated from all organisms.
- SEQ ID NO: 1 or its homologues can advantageously be isolated from fungi, yeasts or bacteria. Gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria are mentioned as bacteria.
- the nucleic acid (s) according to the invention are preferred from gram-negative bacteria, advantageously from ⁇ -proteobacteria, ⁇ -proteobacteria or ⁇ -proteobacteria, particularly preferably from bacteria of the Enterobacteriaceae, Pseudomonadaceae or Rhizobiaceae families , very particularly preferably isolated from bacteria of the genus Agrobacterium, Pseudomonas or Burkholderia using methods known to the person skilled in the art.
- the genera Beauveria or Psilocybe may be mentioned as advantageously suitable mushrooms.
- Advantageous yeasts can be found, for example, in the Apiotrichum genus.
- SEQ ID No: 1 or its derivatives, homologs or parts of these sequences can be isolated from other fungi or bacteria, for example, using conventional hybridization methods or the PCR technique.
- These DNA sequences hybridize under standard conditions with the sequences according to the invention.
- longer fragments of the nucleic acids according to the invention or the complete sequences can also be used for the hybridization.
- DNA hybrids are advantageously 2.0 ⁇ SSC and temperatures between approximately 20 ° C. to 70 ° C., preferably between approximately 50 ° C. to 70 ° C.
- DNA: RNA hybrids the hybridization conditions are advantageously 2.0 ⁇ SSC and temperatures between approximately 20 ° C. to 60 ° C., preferably between approximately 35 ° C. to 60 ° C.
- nucleic acid construct according to the invention are the nucleic acid construct according to the invention.
- L-pantolactone hydrolase genes with sequence SEQ ID No: 1 and its derivatives and homologues which were advantageously functionally linked to one or more regulatory signals to increase gene expression.
- these regulatory sequences are sequences to which inducers or repressors bind and thus regulate the expression of the nucleic acid.
- the natural regulation of these sequences may still be present before the actual structural genes and may have been genetically modified so that the natural regulation has been switched off and the expression of the genes increased.
- the nucleic acid construct can also have a simpler structure, that is to say no additional regulation signals have been inserted before the sequence SEQ ID No: 1 or its homologues and the natural promoter with its regulation has not been removed.
- the nucleic acid construct can also advantageously contain one or more so-called “enhancer sequences” functionally linked to the promoter, which enable increased expression of the nucleic acid sequence. Additional advantageous sequences, such as further regulatory elements or terminators, can also be inserted at the 3 'end of the DNA sequences.
- the nucleic acids according to the invention can be contained in the construct in one or more copies.
- the marker may also contain further markers such as antibiotic resistance or auxotrophy-complementing genes, optionally for selection on the construct.
- Advantageous regulatory sequences for the method according to the invention are, for example, in promoters such as aphll (Tn5) -, tre-, cos-, tac-, trp-, lacPAI, rha, tet-, trp-tet-, lpp-, lac-, lpp- lac-, lacl ⁇ 3-, T7-, T5-, T3-, gal-, trc-, ara-, SP6-, ⁇ -P R - or ⁇ -Pi, -promotor contain, which are advantageously in gram-negative bacteria Find application. Further advantageous regulatory sequences are found, for example, in the gram-positive promoters such as in the constitutive or inducible Streptomyces
- the promoters of pyruvate decarboxylase and methanol oxidase from, for example, Hansenula are also advantageous. Artificial promoters for regulation can also be used.
- the nucleic acid construct is advantageously inserted into a vector such as, for example, a plasmid, a phage or other DNA, which enables optimal expression of the genes in the host.
- a vector such as, for example, a plasmid, a phage or other DNA, which enables optimal expression of the genes in the host.
- plasmids mentioned represent a small selection of the possible plasmids. Further plasmids are well known to the person skilled in the art and can be found, for example, in the book Cloning Vectors (Eds. Pouwels PH et al. Elsevier, Amsterdam-New York-Oxford, 1985, ISBN 0 444 904018 ) can be removed.
- the nucleic acid construct for the expression of the further genes contained additionally contains 3 'and / or 5' terminal regulatory sequences for increasing expression, which are selected for optimal expression depending on the host organism selected and gene or genes.
- regulatory sequences are intended to enable targeted expression of the genes and protein expression. Depending on the host organism, this can mean, for example, that the gene is only expressed or overexpressed after induction, or that it is expressed and / or overexpressed immediately.
- the regulatory sequences or factors can preferably influence the gene expression of the introduced genes positively and thereby increase.
- the regulatory elements can advantageously be strengthened at the transcription level by using strong transcription signals such as promoters and / or "enhancers".
- an increase in translation is also possible, for example, by improving the stability of the mRNA.
- the vector containing the nucleic acid construct according to the invention or the nucleic acid according to the invention can also advantageously be introduced into the microorganisms in the form of a linear DNA and integrated into the genome of the host organism via heterologous or homologous recombination.
- This linear DNA can consist of a linearized vector such as a plasmid or only of the nucleic acid construct or the nucleic acid according to the invention.
- Another object of the invention is an L-pantolactone hydrolase, characterized by the following properties:
- L-pantolactone hydrolase is stable in a pH range from 4 to 10
- This L-pantolactone hydrolase can be used as a free or immobilized enzyme in the process according to the invention.
- the expression of the genes according to the invention and of the proteins encoded by these genes in a host organism generally involves stress for these organisms.
- the nucleic acids according to the invention can advantageously be expressed in the host organisms according to the invention.
- Gouvernante are among the best preserved proteins in evolution in both pro- and eukaryotes and can be found universally in all organisms. They are divided according to the molecular weight in kilodaltons, e.g. HSP60, 70, 10 90 etc. These stress proteins owe their name to their ability to be induced by stress conditions such as low glucose levels, heat shock, alcohol, UV light, oxidative reagents etc.
- a possible protein aggregation of the hydrolases can thus advantageously be prevented.
- the stress proteins bind to hydrophobic parts of the proteins and thus prevent incorrect folding of the proteins or enable correct folding.
- helper proteins cohort proteins
- HSP17 35 the eukaryotic genes HSP17, 5, HSP22, HSP 25, HSP27, HSP60, HSP70, HSP90, TRiC, UBI1,2,3,4 or their prokaryotic homologues such as HtpG, DnaK, DnaJ, GroES, GroEL, HtrC, ClpB, GrpE etc.
- Preferred chaperones are GroES, GroEL, HtpG, DnaK, DnaJ, HSP70 or H ⁇ P27.
- nucleic acids according to the invention are advantageously expressed in the presence of at least one stress protein; the genes can be under the joint control of a promoter or can be read by separate promoters. Accordingly, their
- Expression can be induced by adding one or more inductor substances simultaneously or at separate times.
- the nucleic acids can be on one vector or on separate ones Vectors. It is also possible to modify the host organism's stress proteins by genetic manipulation in such a way that they are overexpressed.
- prokaryotic or eukaryotic organisms are suitable as recombinant host organisms for the nucleic acid according to the invention or the nucleic acid construct.
- Microorganisms such as bacteria, fungi or yeasts are advantageously used as host organisms.
- Gram-positive or gram-negative bacteria are advantageous, preferably bacteria from the Enterobacteriaceae, Pseudomonadaceae, Rhizobiaceae, Streptomycetaeeae or Noeardiaeeae families, yeasts such as Piehia, Saccharomyces or Hansenula or fungi such as Beauveria or Psilocybe, particularly preferably bacteria of the genus Escherichia monas, Streptomyces, Nocardia, Burkholderia, Salmonella, Agrobacterium or Rhodococcus are used.
- the genus and type Escherichia coli is very particularly preferred.
- Further advantageous bacteria can also be found in the group of oc-proteobacteria, ß-proteobacteria or ⁇ -proteobacteria.
- nucleic acid sequences preferably contain at least one of the nucleic acid sequences, nucleic acid constructs or vectors described in this invention, which code for L-pantolactone hydrolases.
- Microorganisms are usually in a • liquid medium, which is a carbon source mostly in the form of sugars, a nitrogen source mostly in the form of organic
- Q Contains nitrogen sources such as yeast extract or salts such as ammonium sulfate, trace elements such as iron, manganese, magnesium salts and optionally vitamins at temperatures between 0 ° C and 100 ° C, preferably between 10 ° C and 60 ° C with gassing with oxygen.
- the pH of the nutrient liquid can be fixed
- the cultivation can be batch-wise, semi-batch wise or continuous. Nutrients can start at Bfeeg Fermentation submitted or fed semi-continuously or continuously. The same applies to inducers such as isopropythiogalactoside, (IPTG), lactose, arabinose, rhamnose and antibiotics or temperature shifts, which switch on the expression of the gene according to the invention, depending on the promoter used.
- inducers such as isopropythiogalactoside, (IPTG), lactose, arabinose, rhamnose and antibiotics or temperature shifts, which switch on the expression of the gene according to the invention, depending on the promoter used.
- IPTG isopropythiogalactoside
- lactose lactose
- arabinose arabinose
- rhamnose rhamnose
- antibiotics or temperature shifts
- the process according to the invention is advantageously carried out at a temperature between 0 ° C. to 95 ° C., preferably between 10 ° C. to 85 ° C., particularly preferably between 15 ° C. to 75 ° C.
- the pH in the process of the invention is advantageously kept between pH 4 and 12, preferably between pH 6 and 9, particularly preferably between pH 6 and 8, very particularly preferably between pH 6, 5 and 1 7 is held; 5.
- Racemic pantolactone in the process according to the invention is understood to mean pantolactone which consists of a 50:50 mixture of the two enantiomers or of any other mixture with an enrichment of one of the two enantiomers in the mixture.
- enantiomerically pure or chiral pantolactone (D or L enantiomer) is to be understood as enantiomers which show an enantiomer enrichment.
- Growing cells containing the nucleic acids, nucleic acid constructs or vectors according to the invention can be used for the method according to the invention.
- Dormant or disrupted cells can also be used.
- Disrupted cells are understood to mean, for example, cells which have been made permeable by treatment with, for example, solvents, or cells which have been broken up by means of enzyme treatment, by mechanical treatment (for example French press or ultrasound) or by some other method.
- the crude extracts obtained in this way are advantageous for the process according to the invention. suitable.
- Purified or purified enzymes can also be used for the process. Immobilized microorganisms or enzymes, which can advantageously be used in the reaction, are also suitable.
- the D-pantolactone produced in the process according to the invention can advantageously be obtained from the aqueous reaction solution by extraction or crystallization or advantageously by extraction and crystallization.
- the aqueous reaction solution is extracted with an organic solvent. The extraction can be repeated several times to increase the yield.
- the solution is advantageously cooled to about 0 ° C. to 10 ° C. before extraction.
- the aqueous solution is advantageously neutralized to about pH 6.0 to pH 7.0 in order to convert the free acid into the salt, so that it cannot be extracted under the reaction conditions.
- bicarbonate or another base such as NaOH or KOH is used.
- solvents can be used as organic solvents which show a phase boundary with water, if appropriate after addition of salts, and into which the lactone can pass from the aqueous phase.
- Advantageous solvents are solvents which absorb only a little water, so that only a little acid passes into the solvent, such as toluene, methylene chloride, butyl acetate, diisopropyl ether, benzene, methyl tert-butyl ether, methyl isobutyl ketone, diethyl ketone or ethyl acetate.
- the products can usually be obtained in good chemical purities, i.e. greater than 90% chemical purity.
- the organic phase with the product can also be only partially concentrated and the product crystallized out.
- the solution is advantageously cooled to a temperature of 0 ° C to 10 ° C. Crystallization can also take place directly from the organic solution or from an aqueous solution.
- the product which has crystallized out can be taken up again in the same or in a different solvent for recrystallization and can be crystallized again.
- the subsequent advantageous crystallization at least once can further increase the enantiomeric purity of the product if necessary.
- the resulting D-pantolactone can advantageously be used directly as an organic solution without crystallization.
- the L-enantiomer remaining in aqueous solution can be closed to form the lactone by acidic acids, for example with sulfuric acid, and then extracted as described above.
- the solution is advantageously heated for lactonization.
- the L-lactone obtained can be racemized and recycled with catalytic amounts (about 1 to 5% mol%) of a base such as NaOH, Na pantoate or Na methylate. Due to the advantageous racemization and recycling of the undesired enantiomer, a theoretical yield of 98% can be achieved in the process according to the invention.
- the product of the process according to the invention can be isolated in yields of from 60 to 100%, preferably from 80 to 100%, particularly preferably from 90 to 100%, based on the racemic pantolactone used for the reaction.
- the isolated product is characterized by a high chemical purity of> 90%, preferably> 95%, particularly preferably> 98%.
- the products have a high enantiomeric purity, which can advantageously be further increased by crystallization if necessary.
- the process according to the invention can be operated batchwise, semi-batchwise or continuously.
- panthenol, pantethein and their derivatives are suitable as starting materials for the synthesis of panthenol, pantethein and their derivatives.
- These substances and the enantiomerically pure pantolactone obtained can be used in combination with one another or alone for the production of pharmaceuticals, foods, animal feed or cosmetics.
- ketopantolactone, ketopantoic acid, D, L-pantolactone, D, L-, D- and L-pantoic acid were determined by HPLC analysis (Tab. La). All strains listed except Beauveria amorpha Lu7953 were able to reduce the ketopantoic acid formed from ketopantolactone by spontaneous hydrolysis to pantoic acid. However, since D-pantoic acid was formed in all strains instead of the L-pantoic acid described in Example 1, the conversion of pantolactone to L-pantoic acid cannot result from an oxidation reduction process (via ketopantolactone and ketopantoic acid).
- GYP 1% D-glucose, 0.5% polypeptone, 0.5% yeast extract
- HFP 1% peptone, 1% trypton, 0.5% yeast extract, 0.3% NaCl
- HFP 1% peptone, 1% trypton, 0.5% yeast extract, 0.3% NaCl
- the cells 1128 g wet weight
- an Ultra-Turrax rod 1.8 1, 20 mM Tris / HCl, pH 7.4
- Final volume 3 This solution was then freed from coarse particles on a glass suction filter through a bed of glass balls (0.1 to 0.2 mm, 200 ml).
- This cell suspension (3.2 l) was homogenized twice at 1500 bar in a Z04 microfluidizer.
- the device was rinsed with 500 ml of buffer.
- the combined volumes (4 l) were subjected to a first precipitation with 200 ml of an IM manganese chloride solution (final concentration 50 mM).
- the pH was kept at pH 7.0 by adding sodium hydroxide solution.
- the precipitate was centrifuged off at 6000 rpm for 30 minutes.
- 200 ml of a 0.2 M EDTA solution (pH 7.5) were added to the supernatant (3.1 l). With the addition, the pH dropped to 5.0.
- a precipitate formed which was again centrifuged off at 6000 rpm (20 minutes, Sorvall).
- the supernatant (3.4 l) was titrated back to pH 7.0.
- the phenyl-Sepharose column (Pharmacia, diameter 5 cm, height 25 cm, volume 490 ml) was washed with 1 1 buffer A (20 M sodium phosphate buffer, pH 7.4, 40% ammonium sulfate) and in the gradient with buffer B ( 20 mM sodium phosphate buffer, pH 7.4). At a flow of 10 ml / min, 100% buffer B was reached after 120 minutes and held for 40 minutes. Active fractions were collected and pooled (250 ml).
- TBS buffer 50 mM Tris, 100 mM NaCl, pH 7.4
- 50 ml TBS + 50 ml ⁇ -naphthylacetate solution Sigma N-8505, 0.4 g / 1 in 10% acetone
- the cells (400 g wet mass) of Agrobacterium radiobacter (Lu 5351) were first resuspended by treatment with an Ultra-Turrax rod in the buffer (1.8 1, 20 mM Tris / HCl, pH 7.4) (final volume 2, 2 1).
- This solution was then freed from coarse particles on a glass suction filter through a bed of glass balls (0.1 to 0.2 mm, 200 ml).
- This cell suspension was homogenized twice at 1500 bar in the Z04 microfluidizer.
- the device was rinsed with 500 ml of buffer.
- the combined volumes (2.7 l) were subjected to a first precipitation with 135 ml of a 1 M manganese chloride solution (final concentration 50 mM).
- the pH was kept at pH 7.0 by adding sodium hydroxide solution and the precipitate was centrifuged off at 6000 rpm for 30 min.
- the supernatant (2.6 l) was mixed with 575 ml of a 0.2 M EDTA solution and the pH checked again.
- the phenyl-Sepharose column (Pharmacia, diameter 5 cm, height 25 cm, volume 490 ml) was washed with 1 1 buffer A (20 mM sodium phosphate buffer, pH 7.4, 40% ammonium sulfate) and in the gradient with buffer B ( 20 mM sodium phosphate buffer, pH 7.4). At a flow of 10 ml / min, 100% B was reached after 120 min and held for 40 min. Active fractions were collected and pooled (350 ml, 20.9 mS).
- the Mono-P fractions were concentrated in 0.2 ml portions by acetone precipitation at -20 degrees Celsius.
- the pellets were then taken up in 0.005 ml SDS sample buffer without DTT and placed on an SDS gel.
- the L-pantolactone hydrolase was identified by an activity staining (see Example 4) and cut out. It was recognizable as a red-brown colored band with an apparent molecular weight of 36 kDa.
- the protein in the cut gel pieces was digested by trypsin and the peptides were sequenced. The remaining gel was stained with Coomassie Blue. Two peptide sequences (SEQ ID NO: 5 and 6) were obtained. Sequencing of SEQ ID NO: 5 revealed ambiguity for the first amino acid in the sequence. The tyrosine shown in position 1 can also be a leucine, the sequence was not clear here. 6.
- Lu5351 insensitive (> 85% residual activity) to chelating substances, SH reagents, protease inhibitors, detergents (exception: Lu5351 with 74% residual activity in 1% SDS) and various cations.
- Genbank + screening cloning of L-pantolactone hydrolase from Burkholderia caryophylli Lu681
- Genomic DNA from Burkholderia caryophylli Lu681 was isolated (Qiagen, Hilden), digested with EcoRI and ligated into pBluescriptKS + vector cut and dephosphorylated with EcoRI (Maniatis, T., Molecular Cloning: A laboratory manual, 1989).
- the ligation mixture was transformed into E. coli XLlBlue according to the instructions from Stratagene (La Jolla, Calif.). The
- the plasmid DNA was isolated from E. coli XLlBlue pKS + 681 in accordance with the instructions from Qiagen (Hilden) and cut individually or in a double digest with the restriction enzymes EcoRI, BamHI, PstI and HindIII. The fragmented DNA was cut through
- SEQ ID NO: 2 in turn contains the peptides YGIEGLNNLEAL and AKEDANSTIEAED (SEQ ID NO: 3 and 4), which were found after tryptic digestion of the purified and blotted L-pantolactone hydrolase from Burkholderia caryophylli Lu681 and Agrobacterium radiobacter Lu5351 (see Examples 4 and 5).
- GACCAGGGCCAGAA (P2) derived as a primer for a PCR amplification of the L-pantolactone hydrolase gene under the following conditions: 20 mM Tris / HCl pH 8, 8, 2 mM MgSO 4 , 10 mM KC1, 10 mM ( NH 4 ) 2 S0 4 , 0.1% Triton X-100, 0.1 mg / ml BSA, 25 mM per dNTP, 0.96 ⁇ g / ml pKS + 681, 2.2 ⁇ g / ml Pl and P2, 25U / ml Pfu polymerase
- E. coli XLlBlue pKK681 was grown in 30 ml LB medium with ampicillin (100 ⁇ g / ml) and IPTG (0.5 mM) overnight at 37 ° C., harvested and in Tris-HCl buffer (50 mM, pH 7 , 0) washed 0 and resuspended (3 ml 50 mM Tris / HCl pH 7.0). 0.25 ml of
- Suspension was treated with 150 mM L-pantolactone, 150 mM pipes pH 7, 0 ad 0.5 ml A. dest. added and incubated at 30 ° C for 3 h.
- 35 GACCAGGGCCAGAA (P2) derived as a primer for a PCR amplification of the L-pantolactone hydrolase gene under the following conditions: 20 mM Tris-HCl pH 8, 8, 2 mM MgSO, 10 mM KC1, 10 mM (NH 4 ) 2 S0, 0.1% Triton X-100, 0.1 mg / ml BSA, 25 mM per dNTP, 0.96 ⁇ g / ml pKS + 681, 2.2 ⁇ g / ml Pl and P2, 25U / ml Pfu polymerase
- PCR 40 (Stratagene, LaJolla, Calif.); The PCR parameters were as follows: 1 min 95 ° C, 1 min 55 ° C, 2.5 min 72 ° C, 30 cycles.
- the PCR product obtained (0.8 kB) was cut with Ndel and Hindlll and ligated into pDHEl9 (Prof. Mattes, Stuttgart) cut and dephosphorylated with Ndel and Hindlll.
- E. coli XLl Blue or TG1 (Stratagene, LaJolla, Calif .; DSMZ, Braunschweig, DSMZ No. 6056, Inoue et al, 1990, Gene 96: 23-28).
- E. coli TG1 pDHE681 was grown in 14 l minimal medium with 40 g / l glycine and 2.5 g / l rhamnose for 6 to 7 h at 37 ° C., harvested and washed with Tris / HCl buffer (50 mM, pH 7.0) and ad 1.4 1 buffer resuspended.
- the activity of the single-concentrated cell suspension in the standard assay 150 mM pipes pH 7.0, 150 mM L-pantolactone, 1 h 30 ° C. was 680 to 2700 U / 1 or 60 to 160 g / BTM.
- the aqueous phase (21 ml; Na-L-Pantoat) was adjusted to pH 1 with about 5 ml of 3 MH 2 S0 4 , heated at 80 ° C. for 15 minutes and mixed with 8 g of anhydrous Na 2 S0 4 .
- the L-pantolactone obtained was extracted analogously 3 times with a volume of ethyl acetate, dried with Na 2 SO 4 and evaporated.
- the L-pantolactone melt can be racemized by heating after adding NaOH in the presence of small amounts of Na-L-pantoate (3 h at 180 ° C.).
- L-pantolactone hydrolase was obtained directly from fermentation broth from E. coli (TG1 pDHE681 or preferential strains which co-express chaperones such as GroEL) by cell disruption (2 x 1000 bar in a 0 microfluidizer), cell debris separation (20 min 9000 g at 10 ° C), 10-fold concentration via cross-flow filtration (Hämoflow F60, Fresenius, membrane with exclusion of approx. 10 kDa) and heat precipitation (20 min 60 ° C, 20 min RT-10 ° C, centrifugation) and a specific activity of about 3000 U / g protein
- This 10 x homogenate had an activity of 63-100000 U / 1 and a protein concentration of 20-30 g / 1.
- Racemate resolution batches were worked up with homogenate (50.8% conversion, 92.5% ee) by extraction with 5 x 1 45 vol. MTBE. 43% D-pantolactone with 91.4% ee and 98.2%
- L-pantolactone hydrolase was isolated as in Example 16 and bound to various carrier materials such as the commercially available EupergitC (Röhm GmbH, Darmstadt) or Deloxan DAPIII (Degussa, Frankfurt).
- Eupergit is a carrier material activated by epoxy groups. As a result, the protein is mainly covalently fixed to amino groups.
- Homogenate was first subjected to precipitation by heat treatment. 1.11 homogenate was incubated in amounts of 550 ml each for 30 minutes at 60 ° C. and then placed on ice for 20 minutes to cool. This solution was centrifuged (1 hour 8000 rpm GS3 rotor) to separate denatured protein. The supernatant was then concentrated on a Hemoflow F40 cartridge and re-buffered in a 20 mM HEPES buffer, pH 7.5. The amount of protein per g of Eupergite can be chosen freely.
- Deloxan is a silicate modified with amino groups. These amino groups can be activated with glutardialdehyde to form a Schiff base. The excess aldehyde is then washed away and the protein is added to the activated carrier. The free amino groups of the protein react with the formation of a second Schiff's base with the still free aldehyde of the bound glutardialdehyde. This protein immobilized in this way can already be used. However, the Schiff's base tends to hydrolize, so that the protein slowly bleeds from the carrier in aqueous solution. This can be avoided by reduction with sodium borohydride. The ship's base is converted into a secondary amine. The prerequisite for this is the stability of the enzyme against reduction with sodium borohydride.
- activated deloxane were Given 10,000 U (approx.2.7 g protein) L-pantolactone hydrolase.
- the protein was incubated with the activated carrier for 18 hours at room temperature.
- the solution was separated from the support via a glass suction filter.
- the support was washed several times with water and then with 1 1 0.1M phosphate buffer, pH 7, 2 and 1 M NaCl.
- Half of the carrier was removed (without reduction). The other half was washed again with water and then placed in 0.1 M sodium borate buffer, pH 7.2.
- Reduction with sodium borohydride :
- pantoic acid ee values refer to the formation of (L) -pantoic acid ee, enantiomeric excess, corrected, corrected ee after deduction of those formed by chemical hydrolysis
- ee values refer to the formation of (L) -pantoic acid
- pCMBS p-chloromercurbiphenylsulfonic acid
- SDS sodium dodecyl sulfate
- EDTA ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid
- DIFP diisopropyl fluorophosphate
- Table 5 Homologies of the L-pantolactone hydrolase amino acid sequence from Lu681 according to gap 4 or bestfit 5 search
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Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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AU11416/01A AU782517B2 (en) | 1999-10-29 | 2000-10-20 | L-pantolactone-hydrolase and a method for producing D-pantolactone |
PL00355487A PL355487A1 (en) | 1999-10-29 | 2000-10-20 | L-pantolactone-hydrolase and a method for producing d-pantolactone |
EP00972817A EP1224296A1 (de) | 1999-10-29 | 2000-10-20 | L-pantolacton-hydrolase und ein verfahren zur herstellung von d-pantolacton |
JP2001535572A JP2003530080A (ja) | 1999-10-29 | 2000-10-20 | L−パントラクトン加水分解酵素およびd−パントラクトンの製造方法 |
BR0015114-9A BR0015114A (pt) | 1999-10-29 | 2000-10-20 | Sequências de ácido nucléico e de aminoácido, construção de ácido nucleico, vetor, microorganismo, l-pantolactona hidrolase, e, processo para preparar d-pantolactona |
IL14897300A IL148973A0 (en) | 1999-10-29 | 2000-10-20 | L-pantolactone-hydrolase and a method for producing d-pantolactone |
KR1020027005466A KR20020043254A (ko) | 1999-10-29 | 2000-10-20 | L-판토락톤 가수분해 효소 및 d-판토락톤의 제조 방법 |
US10/111,451 US6998258B1 (en) | 1999-10-29 | 2000-10-20 | L-pantolactone-hydrolase and a method for producing D-pantolactone |
HU0203704A HUP0203704A3 (en) | 1999-10-29 | 2000-10-20 | L-pantolactone-hydrolase and a method for producing d-pantolactone |
CA002389064A CA2389064A1 (en) | 1999-10-29 | 2000-10-20 | L-pantolactone-hydrolase and a method for producing d-pantolactone |
MXPA02003417A MXPA02003417A (es) | 1999-10-29 | 2000-10-20 | L-pantolactona-hidrolasa y un procedimiento para la obtencion de d-pantolactona. |
EEP200200225A EE200200225A (et) | 1999-10-29 | 2000-10-20 | L-pantolaktoon-hüdrolaas ja meetod D-pantolaktooni saamiseks |
NO20021931A NO20021931D0 (no) | 1999-10-29 | 2002-04-24 | L-pantolacton-hydrolase og en fremgangsmåte for fremstilling av D-pantolacton |
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DE19952501.3 | 1999-10-29 | ||
DE19952501A DE19952501A1 (de) | 1999-10-29 | 1999-10-29 | L-Pantolacton-Hydrolase und ein Verfahren zur Herstellung von D-Pantolacton |
DE10029194.5 | 2000-06-19 | ||
DE10029194A DE10029194A1 (de) | 2000-06-19 | 2000-06-19 | L-Pantolacton-Hydrolase und ein Verfahren zur Herstellung von D-Pantolacton |
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- 2000-10-20 AU AU11416/01A patent/AU782517B2/en not_active Ceased
- 2000-10-20 EP EP00972817A patent/EP1224296A1/de not_active Withdrawn
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- 2000-10-20 EE EEP200200225A patent/EE200200225A/xx unknown
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PL355487A1 (en) | 2004-05-04 |
CN1384880A (zh) | 2002-12-11 |
BR0015114A (pt) | 2002-07-16 |
HUP0203704A2 (hu) | 2003-03-28 |
RU2002114044A (ru) | 2004-03-27 |
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AU1141601A (en) | 2001-05-14 |
CZ20021449A3 (cs) | 2002-10-16 |
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US6998258B1 (en) | 2006-02-14 |
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EE200200225A (et) | 2003-06-16 |
JP2003530080A (ja) | 2003-10-14 |
MXPA02003417A (es) | 2002-08-20 |
IL148973A0 (en) | 2002-11-10 |
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KR20020043254A (ko) | 2002-06-08 |
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