WO2000079702A1 - Dispositif radio - Google Patents
Dispositif radio Download PDFInfo
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- WO2000079702A1 WO2000079702A1 PCT/JP2000/004086 JP0004086W WO0079702A1 WO 2000079702 A1 WO2000079702 A1 WO 2000079702A1 JP 0004086 W JP0004086 W JP 0004086W WO 0079702 A1 WO0079702 A1 WO 0079702A1
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Classifications
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04B—TRANSMISSION
- H04B7/00—Radio transmission systems, i.e. using radiation field
- H04B7/02—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas
- H04B7/10—Polarisation diversity; Directional diversity
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04B—TRANSMISSION
- H04B7/00—Radio transmission systems, i.e. using radiation field
- H04B7/02—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas
- H04B7/04—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas
- H04B7/08—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the receiving station
- H04B7/0837—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the receiving station using pre-detection combining
- H04B7/0842—Weighted combining
- H04B7/0848—Joint weighting
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/12—Supports; Mounting means
- H01Q1/22—Supports; Mounting means by structural association with other equipment or articles
- H01Q1/24—Supports; Mounting means by structural association with other equipment or articles with receiving set
- H01Q1/241—Supports; Mounting means by structural association with other equipment or articles with receiving set used in mobile communications, e.g. GSM
- H01Q1/246—Supports; Mounting means by structural association with other equipment or articles with receiving set used in mobile communications, e.g. GSM specially adapted for base stations
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q3/00—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system
- H01Q3/26—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system varying the relative phase or relative amplitude of energisation between two or more active radiating elements; varying the distribution of energy across a radiating aperture
- H01Q3/2605—Array of radiating elements provided with a feedback control over the element weights, e.g. adaptive arrays
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04B—TRANSMISSION
- H04B7/00—Radio transmission systems, i.e. using radiation field
- H04B7/02—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas
- H04B7/04—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas
- H04B7/06—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the transmitting station
- H04B7/0613—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the transmitting station using simultaneous transmission
- H04B7/0615—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the transmitting station using simultaneous transmission of weighted versions of same signal
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04B—TRANSMISSION
- H04B7/00—Radio transmission systems, i.e. using radiation field
- H04B7/02—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas
- H04B7/04—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas
- H04B7/08—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the receiving station
- H04B7/0837—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the receiving station using pre-detection combining
- H04B7/0842—Weighted combining
- H04B7/0848—Joint weighting
- H04B7/0851—Joint weighting using training sequences or error signal
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a configuration of a wireless device capable of changing antenna directivity in real time, and particularly to a configuration of a wireless device used in an adaptive array wireless base station.
- FIG. 30 is an arrangement diagram of channels in various communication systems of Frequency Division Multiple Access (FDMA), Time Division Multiple Access (TDMA), and PDMA.
- FDMA Frequency Division Multiple Access
- TDMA Time Division Multiple Access
- PDMA Packet Data Management
- FIG. Fig. 30 (a) is a diagram showing FDMA, in which the analog signals of users 1 to 4 are frequency-divided and transmitted by radio waves of different frequencies fl to f4, and the signals of each user 1 to 4 are filtered by a frequency filter. Separated.
- the digitized signal of each user is transmitted by radio waves of different frequencies f1 to f4, and is time-divisionally transmitted at fixed time intervals (time slots).
- User signals are separated by a frequency filter and time synchronization between the base station and each user mobile terminal.
- the PDMA system has been proposed to increase the frequency use efficiency of radio waves due to the spread of mobile phones.
- this PDMA system as shown in FIG. 30 (c), one time slot at the same frequency is spatially divided to transmit data of a plurality of users.
- each user's signal is separated using a frequency filter, time synchronization between the base station and each user mobile terminal, and a mutual interference canceling device such as an adaptive array.
- a mutual interference canceling device such as an adaptive array.
- FIG. 31 is a schematic diagram conceptually showing the operating principle of such an adaptive array radio base station.
- one adaptive array radio base station 1 has an array antenna 2 composed of n antennas # 1, # 2, # 3,.
- the range is represented as the first hatched area 3.
- a range in which radio waves of another adjacent wireless base station 6 can reach is represented as a second hatched area 7.
- radio signals are transmitted and received between the mobile phone 4 as the terminal of the user A and the adaptive array wireless base station 1 (arrow 5).
- transmission and reception of radio signals are performed between the mobile phone 8 as a terminal of the other user B and the radio base station 6 (arrow 9).
- the frequency of the radio signal of the mobile phone 4 of the user A and the mobile phone of the user B happen to occur.
- the frequency of the radio signal of the mobile phone 8 is equal, the radio signal from the mobile phone 8 of the user B becomes an unnecessary interference signal in the area 3 depending on the position of the user B, and the mobile phone 4 of the user A And the radio signal between the adaptive array radio base station 1 and the radio base station 1.
- the adaptive array radio base station 1 receiving the mixed radio signals from both the users A and B, if no processing is performed, a signal in which the signals from both the users A and B are mixed Will be output, and the call of User A, who should be calling, will be interrupted.
- FIG. 32 is a schematic block diagram showing a configuration of the adaptive array radio base station 1. As shown in FIG. 32
- the received signal X 1 (1) at the first antenna # 1 that constitutes the array antenna 2 in FIG. t) is expressed as:
- X 1 (t) a 1 X A (t) + b 1 X B (t)
- a l and b 1 are coefficients that change in real time as described later. Then, the received signal X 2 (t) at the second antenna # 2 is expressed as:
- a 2 and b 2 are also coefficients that change in real time.
- a 3 and b 3 are also coefficients that change in real time.
- the received signal X n (t) at the nth antenna #n is expressed as:
- an and bn are also coefficients that change in real time.
- the above coefficients a 1, a 2, a 3,..., An represent the antennas # 1, # 2, # 3,. Since the relative positions of the antennas are different (for example, the antennas are spaced apart from each other by five times the wavelength of the radio signal, that is, about 1 meter apart), the reception intensities at the antennas differ. Is generated.
- the above coefficients bl, b2, b3,..., Bn correspond to the radio signals from user B at antennas # 1, # 2, # 3,..., #n, respectively. This indicates that there is a difference in the reception strength of the signals. Since each user is moving, these coefficients change in real time.
- X n (t) are the receptions constituting the adaptive array radio base station 1 via the corresponding switches 10-1, 10-2, 10-3,. Enters the unit 1 R and is supplied to the Eight vector control unit 11 and one of the corresponding multipliers 12-1, 12-2, 12-3, ..., 12-n Each is given to the input.
- Weights w1, w2, w3,..., Wn for the signals received by the respective antennas are applied from the weight vector control unit 11 to the other inputs of these multipliers. These weights are calculated in real time by the weight vector control unit 11 as described later.
- the received signal X 1 (t) at antenna # 1 goes through multiplier 1 2—1 to become w 1 X (a 1 A (t) + b 1 B (t)), and the signal at antenna # 2
- the received signal x 2 (t) passes through the multiplier 1 2—2 and becomes w2 X (a 2 A (t) + b 2 B (t)), and the received signal x 3 (t ) Passes through multiplier 1 2—3 to become w 3 X (a 3 A (t) + b 3 B (t)), and the received signal xn (t) at antenna #n is multiplied by multiplier 1 2 — After n, it becomes wn X (an A (t) + bn B (t)).
- the adaptive array radio base station 1 identifies the users A and B, and extracts the weights wl, w2, w3,... So that only signals from desired users can be extracted. , wn.
- the weight vector control unit 11 extracts coefficients A, a2, a3,..., an, b to extract only the signal A (t) from the user A who should originally be talking.
- 1, b 2, b 3, bn are regarded as constants
- the weight w 1 is such that the coefficient of signal A (t) is 1 as a whole and the coefficient of signal B (t) is 0 as a whole.
- the weight vector controller 11 solves the following simultaneous linear equations to obtain weights w 1 and w 2 for which the coefficient of the signal A (t) is 1 and the coefficient of the signal B (t) is 0. , W 3,..., Wn are calculated in real time:
- the output signal of the adder 13 is as follows:
- the identification of the users A and B is performed as follows.
- FIG. 33 is a schematic diagram showing a frame configuration of a radio signal of a mobile phone.
- the radio signal of a mobile phone is mainly composed of a brimble consisting of a signal sequence known to the radio base station and data (such as voice) consisting of a signal sequence unknown to the radio base station.
- the signal sequence of the preamble includes a signal sequence of information for identifying whether the user is a desired user for the radio base station to talk to.
- the weight vector controller 11 (Fig. 32) of the adaptive array radio base station 1 compares the training signal corresponding to user A extracted from the memory 14 with the received signal sequence, and responds to user A. Weight vector control (determination of weights) is performed so as to extract signals that are considered to contain the signal sequence to be changed.
- the signal of the user A extracted in this way is output from the adaptive array radio base station 1 to the outside as an output signal S RX (t).
- the input signal S TX (t) from the outside enters the transmission section 1T constituting the adaptive array radio base station 1, and the multipliers 15-1, 15-2, 15-3 , ⁇ ⁇ , 1 5—n is given to one of the inputs.
- the weights wl, w2, w3,..., Wn previously calculated based on the received signal by the weight vector control unit 11 are copied to the other inputs of these multipliers, respectively. Applied.
- the input signals weighted by these multipliers are passed through the corresponding switches 10-1, 10-2, 10-3, ..., 10-n to the corresponding antennas # 1, # 2, # 3, ..., #n, and sent in area 3 in Figure 31.
- FIG. 34 is a diagram showing an image of transmission and reception of a radio signal between user A and adaptive array radio base station 1 as described above.
- area 3 in Fig. 31 which shows the actual range of radio waves
- the adaptive array radio base station 1 sends user A's mobile phone. It is possible to imagine a state in which a radio signal is emitted with directivity with the target of 4.
- an adaptive array that adaptively directs nulls to the interference wave is an effective means because the interference wave can be effectively suppressed even when the interference wave level is higher than the desired wave level.
- a method of newly generating the array pattern at the time of transmission from the results of the force using the array pattern at the time of reception, the direction of arrival estimation, and the like can be considered.
- FDD Frequency Division Duplex
- ⁇ DD Time Division Duplex
- complicated processing is required.
- the array pattern for transmission and reception is different, so it is necessary to correct the array layout and weight. For this reason, in general, application to TDD is premised, and good characteristics are obtained in an environment with continuous external slots.
- the error rate may be degraded in the downlink due to the time difference between the uplink and downlink. In other words, there is a time interval between the transmission of radio waves from the user terminal to the base station on the uplink (uplink) and the emission of radio waves from the base station to the user terminal on the downlink (downlink). If the moving speed of the user terminal cannot be neglected, the error rate deteriorates due to an error between the direction in which the radio wave is emitted from the base station and the direction in which the user terminal actually exists.
- the present invention has been made to solve the above problems, and the weight of the adaptive array is uniquely determined by the response vector of each antenna element.
- the weight of the adaptive array is uniquely determined by the response vector of each antenna element.
- Another object of the present invention is to provide a radio apparatus capable of suppressing deterioration of an error rate in a downlink caused by a time difference between an uplink and a downlink. -Disclosure of the invention
- the wireless device is a wireless device that changes antenna directivity in real time and transmits / receives signals to / from a plurality of terminals in a time-division manner, wherein the plurality of discretely arranged antennas and the signal A transmitting circuit and a receiving circuit that share a plurality of antennas when transmitting and receiving a signal.
- the receiving circuit when receiving a received signal, receives a signal from a specific terminal among a plurality of terminals based on the signal from the plurality of antennas.
- a receiving signal separating circuit for separating a signal from a plurality of antennas and a receiving channel estimating circuit for estimating a channel from a specific terminal when receiving a received signal;
- a transmission channel estimating circuit for estimating a propagation path at the time of transmission of a transmission signal based on the estimation result of the reception channel estimating circuit; and a transmission signal estimating circuit based on the estimation result of the transmission channel estimating circuit.
- a transmission directivity control circuit for updating the antenna directivity.
- an uplink slot of a signal transmitted and received from a specific terminal is provided in a first predetermined position provided at a head of the uplink slot.
- a second training data area of a second predetermined size provided at the end of the uplink slot.
- a first estimated value and a second estimated value of a channel from a specific terminal based on the data in the second training data region, respectively, and the transmission channel estimating circuit calculates the first and second estimated values. By extrapolating the value, the propagation path at the time of transmission of the transmission signal is predicted.
- the reception propagation path estimating circuit specifies the data based on the data in the first and second training data areas, respectively.
- a first reception coefficient vector and a second reception coefficient vector corresponding to an impulse response from a specific terminal on the propagation path from the terminal are derived.
- the reception propagation path estimation circuit is separated from each of the reception signals from the plurality of antennas by the reception signal separation circuit.
- a first reception coefficient vector and a second reception coefficient vector are derived by ensemble averaging with a signal from a specific terminal.
- an uplink slot of a signal transmitted and received from a specific terminal is provided at a head of the uplink slot, and a predetermined number of uplink slots are provided.
- the training channel estimation circuit includes a training data area having a plurality of training data and a data area having a plurality of data respectively representing information from a specific terminal. Derive a first estimated value and a second estimated value of a propagation path from a specific terminal based on the transmission signal, and the transmission propagation path estimation circuit extrapolates the first and second estimated values to obtain a transmission signal. The propagation path at the time of transmission is predicted.
- the reception propagation path estimating circuit may be configured to receive a signal from a specific terminal based on a plurality of data in the training data area and the data area.
- a first reception coefficient vector and a second reception coefficient vector corresponding to an impulse response from a specific terminal on the propagation path are sequentially derived.
- the sequential derivation of the first reception coefficient vector and the second reception coefficient vector is based on a steepest descent method.
- the successive derivation of the first reception coefficient vector and the second reception coefficient vector is recursive minimum 2 By multiplication.
- an uplink slot of a signal transmitted / received from or from a specific terminal is provided at a head of the uplink slot
- the training channel estimation circuit includes a training data area having a number of training data and a data area having a plurality of data each representing information from a specific terminal. Based on each of them, a plurality of estimated values of the channel from a specific terminal are derived, and the transmission channel estimating circuit regresses the plurality of estimated values and extrapolates based on the regression result. Then, the propagation path at the time of transmitting the transmission signal is predicted.
- the reception propagation path estimating circuit may be configured to transmit a training data area and a plurality of data in the data area from a specific terminal. A plurality of reception coefficient vectors corresponding to the impulse response from a specific terminal on the propagation path are sequentially derived.
- sequential derivation of a plurality of reception coefficient vectors is based on a steepest descent method.
- the sequential derivation of a plurality of reception coefficient vectors is based on a recursive least squares method.
- the wireless device is the same as the wireless device according to claim 1, wherein the received signal separating circuit receives signals received from a plurality of antennas and separates a signal from a specific terminal.
- Vector calculation unit that derives the reception weight vector in real time for reception, and receives the reception signals from multiple antennas at one input and receives the reception weight vector at the other input.
- the transmission directivity control circuit includes a plurality of first multipliers for receiving elements to be transmitted, and an adder for adding signals from the plurality of multiplication units, and the transmission directivity control circuit, based on an estimation result from the transmission propagation path estimation circuit, A transmission weight vector calculator that derives a transmission weight vector, receives a transmission signal at one input, receives the transmission weight vector at the other input, and applies it to each of a plurality of antennas And a second multiplier number.
- a received signal separating circuit receives signals received from a plurality of antennas and separates a signal from a specific terminal.
- Vector calculation unit that derives the reception weight vector in real time for reception, and receives the reception signals from multiple antennas at one input and receives the reception weight vector at the other input.
- the transmission directivity control circuit includes a plurality of first multipliers for receiving elements to be changed, and an adder for adding signals from the plurality of multipliers.
- a mobile speed determining unit that determines the mobile speed of the mobile terminal, a transmission weight vector calculating unit that derives a transmission weight vector based on the estimation result from the transmission channel estimation circuit, and a transmission weight.
- a switching circuit for selectively outputting the signal; and a plurality of second multipliers for receiving the transmission signal at one input and receiving the output of the switching circuit at the other input and supplying the output to a plurality of antennas.
- a received signal separating circuit receives signals received from a plurality of antennas and separates a signal from a specific terminal.
- Signal calculation unit that derives a reception weight vector in real time for reception, and a reception signal level calculation unit that receives reception signals from multiple antennas and derives the reception level of the signal from a specific terminal
- a plurality of first multipliers each receiving one of the received signals from the plurality of antennas at one input and receiving the corresponding element of the received weight vector at the other input, and signals from the plurality of multipliers.
- the transmission directivity control circuit includes: a reception signal level determination unit that determines a reception signal level of a specific terminal based on a calculation result of the reception signal level calculation unit; Based on the estimation result from the transport path estimation circuit, the transmission weight vector calculation unit derives the transmission weight vector, and receives the transmission weight vector and the reception weight vector information.
- a switching circuit for selectively outputting a signal according to the determination result of the reception signal level determination unit; and a plurality of second circuits for receiving the transmission signal at one input and receiving the output of the switching circuit at the other input and providing the output to the plurality of antennas. And a multiplier.
- FIG. 1 shows a wireless device (wireless base station) of a PDMA base station according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention.
- FIG. 2 is a schematic block diagram showing a configuration of 100.
- FIG. 2 is a flowchart for explaining the outline of the operation of the wireless device (wireless base station) 100.
- FIG. 3 is a conceptual diagram for explaining the operation of the transmission coefficient vector estimator 32.
- FIG. 4 is a diagram showing another configuration of the reception coefficient vector calculator 22 of the modification of the first embodiment.
- FIG. 5 is a conceptual diagram showing a concept of estimating a propagation path when performing estimation sequentially.
- FIG. 3 is a conceptual diagram showing the concept of calculating and estimating a propagation path.
- FIG. 7 is a first conceptual diagram showing an AR model according to the seventh embodiment.
- FIG. 8 is a second conceptual diagram showing an AR model according to the seventh embodiment.
- FIG. 9 is a schematic block diagram illustrating the configuration of the filter A (z) shown in FIG.
- FIG. 10 is a schematic block diagram illustrating a configuration of an inverse filter W (z) of the filter A (z) in the AR model.
- FIG. 11 is a conceptual diagram showing a transmission line model in which 13 reflection points are arranged at equal intervals.
- FIG. 12 is a conceptual diagram illustrating the TDDZPDMA scheme.
- FIG. 13 is a diagram showing a slot configuration of the PDMA.
- FIG. 14 is a diagram showing BER characteristics of ideal estimation for the case of the maximum Doppler frequency f d force S 5 Hz.
- the horizontal axis is the average E b ZN. (Average energy per bit-noise power density ratio, expressed as average Eb / NO in the figure. The same applies to other figures below.)
- the vertical axis represents the average bit error rate (expressed as the average BER in the figure.) Hereinafter, the same applies to other figures).
- FIG. 15 is a diagram illustrating BER characteristics of ideal estimation when the maximum Doppler frequency f d is 2 OH z.
- Figure 1 6 is a graph showing the BER characteristic of the ideal estimation for the case of the maximum Doppler frequency I d is 4 OH Z.
- FIG. 17 is a diagram showing the average BER characteristic estimated by RLS extrapolation when the maximum Doppler frequency f d is 5 Hz.
- FIG. 18 is a diagram showing an average BER characteristic estimated by RLS extrapolation when the maximum Doppler frequency f d is 2 OH z.
- FIG. 19 is a diagram showing the average BER characteristic estimated by RLS extrapolation when the maximum Doppler frequency f d is 4 OH z.
- Figure 20 is a diagram showing an average BE R characteristic of the estimated maximum Doppler frequency f d is due to SM I out ⁇ for the case of 5 H Z.
- Figure 2 1 is a diagram showing an average BE R characteristics of estimation by SM I extrapolation for the case of the maximum Doppler frequency f d force S 20 H Z.
- FIG. 22 is a diagram showing the average BER characteristic of the estimation by SMI extrapolation when the maximum Doppler frequency f d is 4 OH z.
- FIG. 23 is a diagram illustrating the average BER characteristics with respect to the angular spread when the maximum Doppler frequency id is 5 Hz.
- FIG. 24 is a diagram showing average BER characteristics with respect to angular spread when the maximum Doppler frequency f d is 20 Hz.
- FIG. 25 is a diagram showing average BER characteristics with respect to angular spread when the maximum Doppler frequency f d is 4 OH z.
- FIG. 2 6 is a diagram illustrating the BER performance with respect to the maximum Doppler frequency f d.
- FIG. 27 is a schematic block diagram illustrating a configuration of a radio apparatus (radio base station) 2000 of the PDMA base station according to the eighth embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 28 is a schematic block diagram illustrating a configuration of a wireless device (radio base station) 300 of a PDMA base station according to Embodiment 9 of the present invention.
- FIG. 29 is a schematic block diagram illustrating a configuration of a wireless device (wireless base station) 400 of the PDMA base station according to Embodiment 10 of the present invention.
- FIG. 30 is an arrangement diagram of channels in various communication systems of frequency division multiple access, time division multiple access, and path division multiple access (PDMA).
- PDMA path division multiple access
- FIG. 31 is a schematic diagram conceptually showing the basic operation of the adaptive array radio base station.
- FIG. 32 is a schematic block diagram showing the configuration of the adaptive array radio base station.
- FIG. 33 is a schematic diagram showing a frame configuration of a radio signal of a mobile phone.
- FIG. 34 is a schematic diagram in which transmission and reception of a radio signal between the adaptive array radio base station and the user are imaged.
- FIG. 1 is a schematic block diagram showing a configuration of a wireless device (wireless base station) 100 of a PDMA base station according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention.
- the transmission / reception system 10000 shown in FIG. 1 receives signals from antennas # 1 to # 4 and separates signals from a corresponding user, for example, user PS1.
- a transmission unit ST1 for transmitting a signal to the reception unit SR1 and the user PS1 is provided.
- the connection between the antennas # 1 to # 4 and the receiving unit SR1 and the transmitting unit ST1 is selectively switched by switches 10-1 to 10-4.
- the reception signal RX received by each antenna, (t), RX 2 ( t), RX 3 (t), RX 4 (t) is the corresponding Suitsuchi 1 0 1, 1 0 2, 1 0-3, 1 0—4, enter the receiving unit SR 1 and are given to the receiving weight vector calculator 20 and the receiving coefficient vector calculator 22, and the corresponding multipliers 1 2 — 1, 1 2- 2, 1 2-3, 1 2— are given to one input of 4 respectively.
- Weighting coefficients wrX11, wr21, wrx31, wrx41 for the signals received by the respective antennas are applied from the receiving weight vector computer 20 to the other inputs of these multipliers. These weighting factors are calculated in real time by the reception vector calculator 20 as in the conventional example.
- the transmission unit ST1 receives the reception coefficient vector calculated by the reception coefficient vector calculator 22, and estimates a propagation path at the time of transmission, that is, a virtual path at the time of transmission, as described later. Data is transmitted and received between the transmission coefficient vector estimator 32 and the transmission vector estimator 32, which calculates the transmission coefficient vector by estimating the appropriate reception coefficient vector. Memory 34, and a transmission vector calculator 30 that calculates a transmission vector based on the estimation result of the transmission vector estimator 32.A transmission signal is received at one input, and a transmission signal is received at the other input. Multiplier to which weighting factors wt X 11, wt 21, wtx 31, and wtx 41 from the transmission weight vector calculator 30 are applied 15-1, 1 5-2, 15-3, 15 — Including 4. The outputs from the multipliers 15-1, 1, 5-2, 15-3, 15-4 are switches 10 ::! Through antennas # 1 to # 4 via ⁇ 10-4.
- the operation of the receiving unit SR1 is briefly described as follows.
- Reception signal RX received by the antenna, (t), RX 2 ( t), RX 3 (t), RX, (t) is represented by the following equation.
- the coefficient hji indicates the complex coefficient of the signal from the i-th user received by the j-th antenna
- nj (t) indicates the noise included in the j-th received signal.
- X (t) represents the input signal vector
- N (t) represents the noise vector
- the adaptive array antenna multiplies an input signal from each antenna by a weight coefficient wrxli to wrx4i and outputs a signal as a received signal SRX (t).
- the output signal y1 (t) of the adaptive array 100 can be expressed by the following equation by multiplying the input signal vector X (t) by the vector of the weight vector W1.
- the input signal vector expressed by Eq. (9)
- the weight vector W1 can be obtained by a well-known method. Are successively controlled by the weight vector controller 11 so as to satisfy the following simultaneous equations.
- Ni (t) n, (t) w u + n 2 (t) w 21 + n 3 (t) w 31 + n 4 (t) w 41
- FIG. 2 is a flowchart for explaining the outline of the operation of wireless device 1000.
- the wireless array 1 000 can uniquely express the weight vector (weight coefficient vector) of the adaptive array by the reception coefficient vector of each antenna element, Indirectly by estimating time variation
- the receiving unit SR1 estimates the propagation path of the received signal based on the received signal (step S100). Estimation of the propagation path corresponds to obtaining the impulse response of the signal sent from the user in equations (1) to (4).
- Equations (1) to (4) for example, if the reception coefficient vector can be estimated, the transmission path at the time of receiving a signal from the user PS1 can be estimated.
- the transmission coefficient vector estimator 32 predicts the propagation path at the time of transmission, that is, predicts the reception coefficient vector at the time of transmission from the reception coefficient vector at the time of reception (step S102). ). This predicted reception coefficient vector corresponds to the transmission coefficient vector at the time of transmission.
- the transmission weight vector calculator 30 calculates the transmission weight vector based on the predicted transmission coefficient vector, and outputs the result to the multipliers 15-1 to 15-4 (step S104).
- the ensemble average (time average) is calculated by multiplying the received signal by a known user signal, for example, the signal S r xl (t) from the first user, as follows.
- E [ ⁇ ] denotes the time average
- S * (t) denotes the conjugate complex of S (t). If the averaging time is long enough, the average will be:
- Equation (18) becomes 0 because the signal S r xl (t) and the signal S r x2 ( This is because t) has no correlation with each other.
- the value of equation (1 9) is 0 because there is no correlation between the signal S r xl (t) and the noise signal N (t).
- the reception coefficient vector H 2 of the signal transmitted from the second user PS 2 is estimated. It is possible to
- the ensemble averaging as described above is performed, for example, on a predetermined number of data symbol sequences at the beginning and a predetermined number of data symbol sequences I at the end in one time slot at the time of reception.
- FIG. 3 is a conceptual diagram for explaining the operation of the transmission coefficient vector estimator 32.
- the slot configuration is such that the first 31 symbols are the first training symbol sequence, the subsequent 68 symbols are the data symbol sequence, and the last 31 symbolonole is the second training symbol sequence.
- a training symbol sequence is provided at the beginning and end of the uplink slot, and both reception coefficient vectors are calculated using the algorithm of reception coefficient vector calculator 22 described above.
- the reception coefficient vector for the downlink is estimated by linear extrapolation.
- the value of the element of the reception coefficient vector at any one time t is ⁇ (t)
- the value f (to) at time t0 of the leading training symbol sequence of the uplink slot and the uplink slot The value f (t) of the downlink slot at time t can be predicted as follows, based on the value f (t1) of the last training symbol sequence at time t1 of
- the transmission weight vector can be obtained by one of the following three methods.
- V (2) (i) [h (2> (i), h 2 '(2) (i), h 3' (2) (i), h 4 ′ (2) (i)] where hp ′ w (i) is the predicted value of the reception coefficient vector of the q th user for the p th antenna at time i. Similarly, it is assumed that the transmission path V (1) (i) has been predicted for the user PS1.
- the following conditions cl) and c2) are imposed as constraints. .
- Condition c 2) is equivalent to minimizing transmission power.
- the adaptive array includes several antenna elements and a part that controls each element weight value.
- the optimal weight W is obtained.
- pt is given by the following equation (Wiener).
- ⁇ ⁇ is the transpose of Y
- ⁇ * is the complex domain of ⁇
- ⁇ [ ⁇ ] is the ensemble plane
- the adaptive array With this weight value, the adaptive array generates an array pattern so as to suppress unnecessary interference waves.
- the weight vector W ( k ) (i) for the user k is calculated using the estimated complex received signal coefficient h ' (k) n (i). Assuming that the array response vector of the k-th user is V (k) (i), it can be obtained as follows as described above.
- V ( k ) (i) k) (i) 'h) (i), ..., hk ) (i)] • (24)
- the correlation vector r xd (i) between the received signal and the reference signal is represented by the following equation.
- the inverse matrix operation in Eq. (25) can be optimally calculated for the user k by the lemma of the inverse matrix.
- the weight is calculated by the following simple formula.
- the uplink and downlink in the TDD / P DMA method It is possible to suppress the deterioration of the error rate in the downlink caused by the time difference between them.
- the propagation path is estimated by using the ensemble average of Expression (20).
- FIG. 4 is a diagram illustrating another configuration of the reception coefficient vector calculator 22 according to the modification of the first embodiment.
- the signal from the i-th antenna is a signal S r of the complex combination of the signal S r X 1 (t) from the first user PS 1 output from the adaptive array antenna.
- the output from the narrow-band filter 42 becomes 1 (t).
- the reception coefficient vector for the user PS1 can be obtained.
- a signal S r X 2 (t) of the complex conjugate of the signal S r X 2 (t) from the second user PS 2 output from the adaptive array antenna is added to the signal from the i-th antenna. After multiplying by * and passing through a narrowband filter (not shown), the output from the narrowband filter is hi2 (t).
- the reception coefficient vector for the user PS2 can be obtained.
- the propagation path is estimated by using the ensemble average of Expression (20).
- the propagation path is estimated using the correlation vector in the adaptive array. That is, as shown in the above equations (21) to (23), when the adaptive array is operating on the MMS E standard, the optimal wait vector W is obtained.
- pt is expressed as follows using the reference signal d (t), the autocorrelation matrix Rxx , and the correlation vector rxd .
- r xd E [x * (t) d (t)]... 3 ) where the components of the correlation vector r xd are as follows when the weight vector for the first user PS 1 is obtained. Can be written down.
- the value of the derived correlation vector r xd is used to determine the user PS 1
- the reception coefficient vector can be determined.
- the propagation path of the user PS 1 can be estimated at times t0 and t1, as in Fig. 3.
- the propagation path at time t at the time of transmission can be predicted. The same applies to other users.
- RX (t) RX i (t) — h ' n (t) ⁇ S rx 1 (t)
- the constant ⁇ is a step size. Also, although not particularly limited, h
- FIG. 5 is a conceptual diagram showing a concept of estimating a propagation path when performing estimation sequentially.
- FIG. 5 is a diagram to be compared with FIG.
- time t0 is the end of the preamble.
- the training symbol sequence need only be present at the head of the uplink slot.
- the reception coefficient vector for the user PS2 can be obtained, and the propagation path can be predicted.
- the subsequent procedure for determining the transmission weight vector can be performed in the same manner as in the first embodiment.
- propagation path can be estimated in a similar manner by using a method based on another recurrence formula described below.
- the time t O is the end of the preamble, but the time t O is not necessarily limited to this position.
- “Tokii i” t O may exist in the training symbol sequence or may exist in the data symbol sequence.
- the time point U t i is the end point of the uplink slot, but the time point t 1 is not necessarily limited to this position.
- the reception coefficient vector is sequentially obtained for each user.
- still another calculation method of the reception coefficient vector calculator 22 will be described below.
- signal S r X 1 (t) from first user PS 1 output from adaptive array antenna and virtual reception coefficient vector (t) results obtained by multiplying the well second user signal from the PS 1 S r X 2 (t) as a virtual reception coefficient base click Honoré h 'i2 (t) again RX the minus the result of multiplying i '(t). That is,
- the reception coefficient vector calculator 22 of the fourth embodiment uses E [ i RX i '(t) I
- the concept of estimating the propagation path in this way may be the same as the concept diagram shown in FIG. 3, for example.
- the subsequent procedure for determining the transmission weight vector can be performed in the same manner as in the first embodiment.
- reception coefficient vector calculator 22 As a fifth embodiment, still another calculation method of the reception coefficient vector calculator 22 will be described below. The following explanation is equivalent to the so-called Recursive Least-Squares algorithm (RLS).
- RLS Recursive Least-Squares algorithm
- RX i '(t) RX i (t) — H' ; T (t) SRX (t)
- RXi '(k) RXi (k)-H' i T (k) SRX (k) ⁇ (so)
- I (0 ⁇ 1) is the forgetting factor.
- the initial value of each element of H (t) is not particularly limited, but may be 0.
- the reception coefficient vector for the user PS2 can be obtained, and the propagation path can be predicted.
- the subsequent procedure for determining the transmission weight vector can be performed in the same manner as in the first embodiment.
- Embodiment 5 according to the concept shown in FIG. 5, a propagation path is predicted from data at two points, time t 0 and time ij t 1.
- a regression curve is calculated from the number of data symbols sequentially obtained in the uplink slot section + one impulse response, and a linear regression is performed.
- Fig. 6 is a conceptual diagram showing the concept of estimating the propagation path (impulse response) by calculating a regression curve from the impulse response sequentially obtained in the uplink slot section. It is possible to keep the estimation error small due to a large increase in the number of data as compared to the outer case of only two points.
- the extrapolation method using a regression curve is not limited to the above-described linear extrapolation.It is possible to use a higher-order extrapolation curve or perform a regression using a periodic function such as a sine / cosine function. It is also possible to perform ⁇ .
- the signal RX i (t) from the i-th antenna is used to calculate the output signal vector S RX (t) output from the adaptive array antenna and the virtual reception coefficient vector.
- the result of subtracting the result of multiplication by the torque H ′ (t) is referred to as RX i ′ (t). That is,
- RX (t) RX i (t) — H (t) S RX (t)
- H ', (k + 1) H' ; (k) + ⁇ S RX * (k) RX i '(k)
- the constant // is the step size, and the following relationship must be satisfied from the focusing condition.
- max is the maximum eigenvalue of the correlation matrix R xx .
- the initial value of each element of H (t) is not particularly limited, but may be 0.
- the reception coefficient vector for the user PS2 can be obtained, and the propagation path can be predicted.
- the subsequent procedure for determining the transmission weight vector can be performed in the same manner as in the first embodiment.
- a regression curve is calculated from the number of data symbols sequentially obtained in the uplink slot section + one impulse response, and a linear extrapolation is performed. It is also possible. .
- the method of estimating the propagation path is not limited to the methods of Embodiments 1 to 6 as described above, and for example, a direct solution (SMI: sample matrix inversion) or the like may be used. is there.
- SMI sample matrix inversion
- the propagation path can be predicted according to the concept shown in FIG.
- one of the elements of the reception coefficient vector is typically represented by f (t).
- FIG. 7 is a first conceptual diagram showing an AR model according to the seventh embodiment.
- the time change of the element f (t) is regarded as an AR model.
- V (t) is the prediction error (white Gaussian noise).
- FIG. 8 is a second conceptual diagram showing an AR model according to the seventh embodiment. Furthermore, as shown in Fig. 8, an AR model can be created using a filter having the inverse characteristic of filter A (z).
- V (t) If the above V (t) is input to the input of the AR model, the element f (t) can be reproduced, and if unknown white noise is input, the future of the element f (t) can be predicted. You.
- FIG. 9 is a schematic block diagram showing a configuration of the filter A (z) shown in FIG. In Figure 9, multiplication factor a. ⁇ A M is determined to minimize E [
- Figure 10 shows the inverse filter W (z) of the filter A (z) in the AR model.
- FIG. 2 is a schematic block diagram showing the configuration of FIG.
- FIG. 11 is a conceptual diagram showing a transmission path model to be discussed below.
- the terminal travels at a constant speed in a place some distance from the base station, and 13 reflection points are arranged at equal intervals around the terminal.
- a multiplex wave composed of 13 waves displaced at the Doppler frequency is transmitted and received via each reflection point, and the phase of the wave has a delay time difference of the baseband signal due to different path lengths of the waves. It can be ignored, and the arrival direction of the signal measured from the axial direction is ⁇ , and the angular spread of the propagation path viewed from the base station is ⁇ ⁇ .
- the facing correlation between array elements generally decreases as the angular spread ⁇ increases.
- the fluctuating fluctuating value over time causes the amplitude and phase difference of the complex signal between the array elements to fluctuate, so the optimal array pattern also fluctuates over time. Resulting in.
- transmission is performed using the weight obtained on the downlink in the downlink without any change, an error occurs in the array pattern due to the time difference in transmission time.
- FIG. 12 is a conceptual diagram showing the TD DZ P DMA system discussed below. As shown in Fig.12, consider the TD DZPDMA system in which two users are accommodated in the same channel in a cell using a 4-element adaptive array with the element spacing d. For each user, the directions of arrival of the signals are assumed to be ⁇ 2 and ⁇ 2 , and the angular spread ⁇ and the average power are assumed to be equal.
- FIG. 13 is a diagram showing a slot configuration of the PDMA. As shown in Fig. 13, consider an 8-slot configuration in which four users are assigned to the upper and lower lines as PDMA bursts.
- the slot configuration consists of the first 31 symbols as the training symbol sequence and the subsequent 97 symbols as the data symbol sequence.
- the configuration of the uplink slot in the case of performing estimation using the SMI outside will be described later.
- the modulation method is QPSK and the transmission speed is 400 kb / s.
- the average B ER bits error rate
- the weights for the downlink are estimated by calculating the weights of the tail of the training symbol sequence and the tail of the data symbol sequence and the channel estimation result using the Wiener solution, and extrapolating linearly.
- the case where the last eight of the uplink slot is fixed and used is also shown.
- Figure 14 shows the maximum Doppler frequency f d to I 6 is 5H z, 20H z, the BER characteristics of ideal estimates for cases of 40H z, respectively.
- the angle spread ⁇ was set to 5 deg.
- the horizontal axis is the average E b ZN. (Average energy-to-noise power density ratio per bit, represented by Average Eb / NO in the figure. The same applies to other figures below), and the vertical axis represents the average bit error rate (represented by Average BER in the figure).
- Eb ZN Average energy-to-noise power density ratio per bit
- the BER characteristic is degraded in the conventional method.
- F d 2 OH z
- E b ZN high E b ZN
- the proposed method has almost the same characteristics as the uplink.
- f d 40 Hz
- Figure 1 7 shows the maximum Doppler frequency f d is 5 Hz, 20H z, for the case of 40H z Average BE R characteristics of estimation by RL S out ⁇ respectively.
- the RLS forgetting factor was set to 0.9.
- Proposed Method 2 is slightly better than those of Proposed Method 1, which is considered to be because Proposed Method 2 can reduce the estimation error.
- the top and bottom of the uplink slot have a training symbol sequence of 15 symbols and a data symbol sequence of 98 symbols in the middle (proposed method (15)). Also consider the case where a training symbol sequence of 31 symbols is provided at the end and a data symbol sequence of 66 symbols (proposed method (31)) is provided in the middle.
- Respectively maximum Doppler frequency f d is 5H z in FIG. 20 ⁇ 22, 20Hz, 40 H z of by SM I out ⁇ for cases Average B ER characteristics estimation.
- Average E b ZN. Is fixed at 30 dB, and the characteristics are compared using the angle spread ⁇ as a parameter.
- Shows the maximum Doppler frequency f d is 5H z in FIG. 23 to 25, the average BER characteristic with respect to angular spread of the case of 20H z, 40 H z, respectively.
- FIG. 27 is a schematic block diagram illustrating a configuration of a radio apparatus (radio base station) 2000 of the PDMA base station according to the eighth embodiment of the present invention.
- the difference from the configuration of the wireless device (radio base station) 1001 according to the first embodiment of the present invention shown in FIG. 1 is that the output of the reception coefficient vector computer 22 receives the movement of the user terminal. Receiving the output of the traveling speed calculator 52 and the output of the receiving weight vector calculator 20 and the output of the transmitting weight vector calculator 30, the moving speed Multiplier 1 5— :! To 15-4, further comprising a switching switch 54.
- the other configuration is the same as the configuration of the wireless device (wireless base station) in any of Embodiments 1 to 7.
- the prediction error in the process of estimating the channel and estimating the channel rather, such a prediction is not performed, and the conventional method shown in FIG.
- the reception weight vector as it is as the transmission weight vector as in the configuration described in (1).
- the switching is performed.
- the reception weight vector is directly supplied to the multipliers 155-1 to 15-14. If the moving speed determiner 52 determines that the terminal is moving faster than the predetermined moving speed, the output of the transmission weight vector calculator 30 is multiplied by the switching switch 54 to the multiplier. 1 5—1 to 1 5—4.
- FIG. 28 shows a radio apparatus (radio base station) of a PDM A base station according to Embodiment 9 of the present invention.
- FIG. 2 is a schematic block diagram showing a configuration of a station (3000).
- the difference from the configuration of the wireless device 1000 of Embodiment 1 of the present invention shown in FIG. 1 is that a reception level calculator 5 that receives signals from array antennas # 1 to # 4 and calculates the level of a reception signal 5 6, a reception level calculator 56 that receives the output from the reception level calculator 56 to determine the reception level of the user terminal, an output of the reception weight vector calculator 20 and a transmission weight vector In response to the output of the computer 30, the multiplier 15-:! To 15-4, which is further provided with a switching switch 54.
- the other configuration is the same as the configuration of any one of the first to seventh embodiments.
- the prediction error in the process of estimating the propagation path and estimating the propagation path, rather, such a prediction is not performed. It may be better to use the reception weight vector as it is as the transmission weight vector as in the conventional configuration.
- the switching switch By 54 when the reception level determiner 58 determines that the level of the signal received from the terminal is lower than the predetermined reception level, the switching switch By 54, the received vector is directly supplied to the multiplier 15-5- ⁇ - ⁇ 5-4. If the reception level determiner 58 determines that the level of the received signal from the terminal is higher than a predetermined reception level, the switching switch 54 allows the transmission weight vector computer 30 The output is provided to multipliers 15-1 to 15-4.
- the reception signal level of the signal from the user PS1 is obtained from the reception coefficient vector by the following equation.
- FIG. 29 shows a radio apparatus (radio base station) of a PDMA base station according to Embodiment 10 of the present invention.
- FIG. 2 is a schematic block diagram showing a configuration of a station (400).
- the difference from the configuration of the wireless device (radio base station) 30000 of Embodiment 9 of the present invention shown in FIG. 28 is that the reception level determiner 58 This is a terminal moving speed judging / receiving level judging unit 60 having a moving speed judging function similar to the moving speed judging unit 52 of the eighth embodiment.
- the other configuration is the same as the configuration of the wireless device (radio base station) 30000 in the ninth embodiment.
- the present invention by estimating the time variation of the reception coefficient vector of the adaptive array and indirectly estimating the weight variation, dynamic Rayleigh propagation such as angular spread can be achieved. Also on the road, it is possible to suppress the deterioration of the error rate in the downlink generated due to the time difference between the uplink and the downlink.
- a low error rate and data transmission can be achieved over a wide range of moving speed of the mobile terminal or a wide range of Z and wide, and a range of received signal level.
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Description
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EP00940798A EP1189364B8 (en) | 1999-06-23 | 2000-06-22 | Radio device |
US09/926,769 US6590532B1 (en) | 1999-06-23 | 2000-06-22 | Radio device |
AU55673/00A AU5567300A (en) | 1999-06-23 | 2000-06-22 | Radio device |
DE60045244T DE60045244D1 (de) | 1999-06-23 | 2000-06-22 | Funkvorrichtung |
JP2001504609A JP3644594B2 (ja) | 1999-06-23 | 2000-06-22 | 無線装置 |
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CN109889187B (zh) * | 2019-01-15 | 2023-06-02 | 宁波连鸿电子科技有限公司 | 基于自适应滤波器的信号处理方法、装置及电子设备 |
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Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
EP1189364B1 (en) | 2010-11-17 |
EP1189364A1 (en) | 2002-03-20 |
DE60045244D1 (de) | 2010-12-30 |
EP1189364B8 (en) | 2011-09-21 |
KR20020010720A (ko) | 2002-02-04 |
JP3644594B2 (ja) | 2005-04-27 |
KR100448609B1 (ko) | 2004-09-13 |
AU5567300A (en) | 2001-01-09 |
CN1371558A (zh) | 2002-09-25 |
CN100380842C (zh) | 2008-04-09 |
EP1189364A4 (en) | 2006-01-25 |
US6590532B1 (en) | 2003-07-08 |
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