Classifications

• • G—PHYSICS
  • G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
  • G03G—ELECTROGRAPHY; ELECTROPHOTOGRAPHY; MAGNETOGRAPHY
  • G03G15/00—Apparatus for electrographic processes using a charge pattern
  • G03G15/14—Apparatus for electrographic processes using a charge pattern for transferring a pattern to a second base
  • G03G15/16—Apparatus for electrographic processes using a charge pattern for transferring a pattern to a second base of a toner pattern, e.g. a powder pattern, e.g. magnetic transfer
  • G03G15/1605—Apparatus for electrographic processes using a charge pattern for transferring a pattern to a second base of a toner pattern, e.g. a powder pattern, e.g. magnetic transfer using at least one intermediate support
  • G03G15/161—Apparatus for electrographic processes using a charge pattern for transferring a pattern to a second base of a toner pattern, e.g. a powder pattern, e.g. magnetic transfer using at least one intermediate support with means for handling the intermediate support, e.g. heating, cleaning, coating with a transfer agent
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B41—PRINTING; LINING MACHINES; TYPEWRITERS; STAMPS
  • B41J—TYPEWRITERS; SELECTIVE PRINTING MECHANISMS, i.e. MECHANISMS PRINTING OTHERWISE THAN FROM A FORME; CORRECTION OF TYPOGRAPHICAL ERRORS
  • B41J3/00—Typewriters or selective printing or marking mechanisms characterised by the purpose for which they are constructed
  • B41J3/60—Typewriters or selective printing or marking mechanisms characterised by the purpose for which they are constructed for printing on both faces of the printing material
• • G—PHYSICS
  • G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
  • G03G—ELECTROGRAPHY; ELECTROPHOTOGRAPHY; MAGNETOGRAPHY
  • G03G15/00—Apparatus for electrographic processes using a charge pattern
  • G03G15/02—Apparatus for electrographic processes using a charge pattern for laying down a uniform charge, e.g. for sensitising; Corona discharge devices
  • G03G15/0291—Apparatus for electrographic processes using a charge pattern for laying down a uniform charge, e.g. for sensitising; Corona discharge devices corona discharge devices, e.g. wires, pointed electrodes, means for cleaning the corona discharge device
• • G—PHYSICS
  • G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
  • G03G—ELECTROGRAPHY; ELECTROPHOTOGRAPHY; MAGNETOGRAPHY
  • G03G15/00—Apparatus for electrographic processes using a charge pattern
  • G03G15/06—Apparatus for electrographic processes using a charge pattern for developing
  • G03G15/10—Apparatus for electrographic processes using a charge pattern for developing using a liquid developer
  • G03G15/11—Removing excess liquid developer, e.g. by heat
• • G—PHYSICS
  • G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
  • G03G—ELECTROGRAPHY; ELECTROPHOTOGRAPHY; MAGNETOGRAPHY
  • G03G15/00—Apparatus for electrographic processes using a charge pattern
  • G03G15/14—Apparatus for electrographic processes using a charge pattern for transferring a pattern to a second base
  • G03G15/16—Apparatus for electrographic processes using a charge pattern for transferring a pattern to a second base of a toner pattern, e.g. a powder pattern, e.g. magnetic transfer
  • G03G15/1605—Apparatus for electrographic processes using a charge pattern for transferring a pattern to a second base of a toner pattern, e.g. a powder pattern, e.g. magnetic transfer using at least one intermediate support
• • G—PHYSICS
  • G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
  • G03G—ELECTROGRAPHY; ELECTROPHOTOGRAPHY; MAGNETOGRAPHY
  • G03G15/00—Apparatus for electrographic processes using a charge pattern
  • G03G15/22—Apparatus for electrographic processes using a charge pattern involving the combination of more than one step according to groups G03G13/02 - G03G13/20
  • G03G15/23—Apparatus for electrographic processes using a charge pattern involving the combination of more than one step according to groups G03G13/02 - G03G13/20 specially adapted for copying both sides of an original or for copying on both sides of a recording or image-receiving material
  • G03G15/231—Arrangements for copying on both sides of a recording or image-receiving material
• • G—PHYSICS
  • G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
  • G03G—ELECTROGRAPHY; ELECTROPHOTOGRAPHY; MAGNETOGRAPHY
  • G03G2215/00—Apparatus for electrophotographic processes
  • G03G2215/01—Apparatus for electrophotographic processes for producing multicoloured copies
  • G03G2215/0103—Plural electrographic recording members

Definitions

• the present invention relates generally to printing systems and more particularly to duplex printing systems for printing variable information on one or both sides of a sheet.
• PCT publication 93/04409 describes a switchback system with a much shorter path than older systems, which allowed for on demand duplex printing without storage of large numbers of sheets.
• FIG. 1A and IB A prior art perfecta system 10 is shown in Figs. 1A and IB.
• This system comprises a first impression roller 12, which holds a sheet 14 for printing thereon by a print roller (not shown). Sheet 14 is transferred to roller 16 where it is held by a front edge clamp 20. Roller 16 continues to rotate and the front edge of sheet 14 passes an inverting roller 18. When the trailing edge reaches inverting roller 18, a clamp 20 on roller 18 catches the trailing edge of sheet 14 and, as shown in Fig. 2B inverts the sheet prior to its being clamped to a second impression roller 22.
• An advantage of perfecta systems is that while the leading edge for printing the first and second sides of the sheet are reversed, the same edge is used as a reference position for printing both sides.
• Another advantage of perfecta systems which is related to the first advantage, is that the sheets are always positively held by the system during inversion of the sheet. Positive holding of sheets distinguishes "perfecta" systems from systems which utilize a single printing engine and which generally do not positively hold the sheets during the entire process of transfer and reversal.
• One aspect of some preferred embodiments of the present invention provides apparatus and a method for duplex printing of sheets, utilizing the same edge of the sheet for reference for printing both sides thereof, while utilizing the same impression roller and/or the same printing engine.
• One aspect of some preferred embodiments of the present invention provides apparatus and a method for duplex printing of sheets utilizing an impression roller for printing both sides of a sheet, while positively holding the sheet during the entire process of reversal and transfer of the sheet.
• the same set of one or more printing engines is used in the printing of both sides of all the sheets.
• a perfecta-like system is used.
• This system includes rollers and/or belts which receive the sheet from one position on the circumference of an impression roller and, after reversing the sheet, delivers the sheet to a second position on the impression roller.
• the path traveled by the sheet between the two positions holds an integral number of sheets.
• the impression roller holds a plurality of sheets and presents them seriatim to one or more print engines.
• the engine or engines are electrographic or other engines providing programmable images such as electrophotographic engines, ink or bubble jet print heads thermal printing heads or any other suitable printing engines.
• aspects of some preferred embodiments of the invention are concerned with high speed printing engines, especially with high speed electrographic printing engines. In such engines special care must be taken in charging a photoreceptor and, when liquid toner is utilized, in treating and transport of the image. Some aspects of some preferred embodiments of the present invention deal with improvements in such engines especially useful for high speed printing.
• duplex printing apparatus for printing on two sides of a sheet
• the apparatus comprising: an impression roller on which the sheet is held during printing; a imager which prints an image on a first side of the sheet while it is being held on the impression roller; and a sheet inverter which removes the sheet from the impression roller, inverts the sheet and returns it to the impression roller for printing on a second side of the sheet by the imager, wherein the sheet is held on said impression roller referenced to a first edge thereof during the printing of the first side thereof and is also held on the impression roller referenced to said first edge during printing of the second side thereof.
• the sheet inverter positively controls the position of the sheet during the inversion thereof, without releasing the sheet during the inversion.
• a duplex printing apparatus for printing on two sides of a sheet
• the apparatus comprising: a surface, on which an image to be printed is selectably formed: an impression roller on which the sheet is held during printing, referenced to a first edge thereof; a imager which prints an image on a first side of the sheet while it is being held on the impression roller; and a sheet inverter which removes the sheet from the impression roller, inverts the sheet and returns it to the impression roller for printing on a second side of the sheet by the imager, wherein the sheet inverter positively controls the position of the sheet from the removal of the sheet from the impression roller to the return of the sheet thereto after the inversion thereof, without releasing the sheet.
• the sheet inverter comprises a perfecta system.
• the sheet inverter comprises: a paper pick-off system which removes the sheet from the impression roller, after printing of the first side of the sheet, while the sheet is held referenced to said first edge; an inverting transport past which the first edge is carried while the sheet remains referenced to said first edge; and a sheet pick-off on said inverting transport which captures a second edge of the sheet, opposite the first edge while the sheet is still being held referenced to the first edge, such that said capture is made referenced to the first edge, said inverting transport transporting the second edge to the impression roller for capture by the impression roller, such that the second side of the sheet is presented for printing by the imager.
• the apparatus includes at least one intermediate transport which receives the sheet from the paper pick-off system and transports it to the inverting transport while the sheet remains referenced to the first edge.
• the at least one intermediate transport comprises at least one roller.
• the inverting transport comprises a transport roller.
• a sheet path in the paper pick-off, sheet pick-off and intermediate transport is at least the length of a plurality of sheets.
• the imager comprises a plurality of imaging stations each of which transfers an image of a different color to the sheet.
• the imager includes an image forming surface on which the image is formed prior to transfer to the sheet.
• the imager includes at least one intermediate transfer member to which images are transferred from the image forming surface and from which the images are transferred to the sheet.
• the imager provides different images to the sides of the sheet.
• the imager is an electrographic imager.
• the imager can be a powder toner imager or a liquid toner imager.
• the imager can be an ink-jet or bubble jet imager.
• the impression roller is adapted to hold a plurality of sheets at one time.
• a charger for a photoreceptor comprising: at least one electrified charging surface adjacent the photoreceptor; a source of gas which flows the gas past the charging surface toward the surface of the photoreceptor; and at least one gas outlet adjacent the photoreceptor and the at least one charging surface, through which air is drawn from the surface of the photoreceptor, such that ionized air produced by the charging surface is substantially removed from the photoreceptor surface without being released to the surroundings.
• the charger comprises a plurality of charging wires.
• the charging wires are arranged in pairs to form at least one double charger.
• the charger includes a pair of gas outlets situated on either side of the at least one charging surface.
• apparatus from removing excess liquid from a surface containing a liquid toner image comprising: a source of gas which flows gas onto the surface; and a chamber, adjacent the source and the surface, which receives a mixture of air and liquid, carried by the air and removes the mixture from the surface without contaminating the surroundings.
• the source of gas comprises an outlet from which the gas flows to the surface, wherein the chamber comprises at least one inlet for receiving the mixture of gas and liquid.
• the inlet receives said mixture from the surface on both an upstream and a downstream side of the outlet.
• the chamber removes the mixture by suction.
• the source of gas comprises an air knife that directs gas along the surface.
• the surface has a liquid image thereon that is acted upon by the apparatus.
• a duplex printing method for printing on two sides of a sheet comprising: printing an image on a first side of the sheet at a printing position, the sheet and thus said printing being referenced to an edge of the sheet; inverting the sheet and returning it to the printing position while it remains referenced to said edge; and printing an image on a second side of the sheet at said printing position while the sheet and thus said printing is referenced to said edge.
• the position of the sheet is positively controlled during inversion thereof, without releasing the sheet between printing of the first and second sides thereof.
• a duplex printing method for printing on two sides of a sheet comprising: printing an image on a first side of the sheet at a printing position; inverting the sheet and returning it to the printing position; and printing an image on a second side of the sheet at said printing position, wherein the position of the sheet is positively controlled during printing and inversion thereof, without releasing the sheet.
• the sheet is delivered to said printing position by a moving member on which it is held while being referenced to said edge.
• the sheet is printed while being moved by the moving surface, past the printing position and wherein the sheet is held at said edge during printing of one side thereof and held by an opposite edge of the sheet during printing of the other side thereof.
• the sheet is printed while being moved past the printing position with said edge passing the position first during printing of one side of the sheet and wherein said edge passes the printing position after the rest of the sheet during the printing of the other side of the sheet.
• the method includes printing different images on the two sides of the sheet.
• Figs. 1A and IB illustrate schematically a prior art multi-station (multi-impression roller) duplex printing apparatus
• Fig. 2 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a single impression roller duplex printing apparatus in accordance with a preferred embodiment of the invention
• Fig. 3 is a schematic cross sectional view of a portion of the apparatus of Fig. 2, showing a portion the mechanism by which a sheet is inverted;
• Fig. 4 is a schematic cross sectional view of an alternative apparatus for inverting a sheet in accordance with a preferred embodiment of the invention.
• Fig. 5 is a very schematic cross-sectional illustration of a printing engine in accordance with a preferred embodiment of the invention
• Fig. 6 illustrates a photoreceptor charging system, especially suitable for high speed printing, in accordance with a preferred embodiment of the invention:
• FIG. 7 illustrates a developing station in accordance with a preferred embodiment of the invention
• Fig. 8 illustrates an intermediate transfer member and associated apparatus, in accordance with a preferred embodiment of the invention.
• Fig. 9 is a cross-sectional representation of a cleaning station in accordance with a preferred embodiment of the invention.
• Figs. 2 and 3 illustrate a multi-color duplex printing system 40 in accordance with a preferred embodiment of the present invention.
• System 40 includes an impression roller 42 that rotates in a direction indicated by arrow 44. Situated around the periphery of roller 42 are one or more print engines 46. In a preferred embodiment of the invention, each of engines 46 transfers a single color image to substrate sheets 48 that are held on- and travel with- impression roller 42. Thus, as illustrated in Fig. 2, four color separations may be printed on a sheet as it sequentially passes the four engines shown. If it is desired to print a greater or lesser number of colors, more or fewer engines may be provided. While in a preferred embodiment of the invention engines 46 are a particular type of electrophotographic engine described below, any suitable electrophotographic engine or a printing engine of another type may be used. Especially suitable for use in the present invention are printing engines which print a variable image, such as a computer generated image. This allows for different images to be printed on the front and back of the sheet and for different images to be printed on sequential sheets.
• a source of sheets 50 and associated sheet feeding apparatus 52 are also situated around the periphery of impression roller 42.
• a sheet take-off apparatus 54 is also situated around the periphery of impression roller 42.
• a stacker for printed sheets 56 is also situated around the periphery of impression roller 42.
• a sheet inverting system 58 is shown in Fig. 3.
• a controller (not shown), which controls the printing and sheet transportation determines which path the sheet should take.
• the leading edge of the sheet held by clamp 60 passes a first roller 64 of inverting system 58, the leading edge of sheet 48 is handed off to a similar clamp 62 on roller 64.
• the leading edge of the sheet is then successively handed off to a clamp 66 on a roller 68 and a clamp 70 on a roller 72.
• the sheet is held between two rollers and or by a clamp such that registration of the leading edge is preserved.
• roller 74 When the leading edge of the sheet approaches a roller 74, the leading edge is captured by a clamp 76 and carried toward roller 74. Roller 74 receives the sheet and a clamp 76 holds the sheet on the roller.
• a clamp 80 on roller 78 (shown more clearly in Fig. 3.) preferably utilizing by a lifter 82.
• Lifter 82 may lift the trailing edge of the sheet by air pressure or mechanically. Lifter 82 can also utilize a vacuum to hold the sheet to the roller. It should be understood that when clamp 80 captures the trailing edge of sheet 48, the position of the sheet is still determined by its leading edge, held by clamp 76. Clamp 76 releases sheet 48 as or just after it is captured by clamp 80.
• sheet 48 has reversed direction (as well as having been turned over), and is traveling with the (former) trailing edge first, its position remains referenced to the leading edge, which reference has been preserved during the various hand-offs of the sheet from roller to roller.
• Fig. 3 shows a number of stages of transfer of sheet 48 from roller 74 to impression roller 42 by roller 78 and clamp 80. As can be seen from Fig. 3, the sheet has now been reversed and, when it is transferred to impression roller 42 it is ready for having its second side printed. Returning again to Fig. 2, sheet 48 again passes printing engines 46 whereat an image is printed on the second side of the sheet.
• the sheet now approaches take-off apparatus 54. Since both sides of the sheet have now been printed, the sheet is ready for removal. As clamp 60 (holding the edge of the sheet) approaches apparatus 54, a clamp 84 on a belt 86 receives the sheet and removes it to stacker 56.
• Fig. 4 shows an alternate inverting system in which rollers 64 and 68 have been replaced by a belt mechanism which receives the sheets from the front end of take-off apparatus 54.
• Fig. 5 shows a very schematic representation of a preferred printing engine 100
• prefe ⁇ ed engine 100 (corresponding to one of engines 46 of Fig. 2), in accordance with a prefe ⁇ ed embodiment of the invention. While prefe ⁇ ed engine 100 is especially suitable for a high speed duplexing system as shown in Figs. 2-4, as indicated above, the duplexing system can operate with a wide variety of print engines. Similarly, engine 100 may operate with other types of duplexing systems or in a single sided printer.
• Engine 100 includes a photoreceptor drum 102, a charger 104 which charges the photoreceptor, an imagewise discharge system, such as a scanning laser 106 which forms a latent image on charged drum 102 and a developer 108 which develops the latent image.
• the developed image is preferably transfe ⁇ ed to an intermediate transfer member 110. After the image is transfe ⁇ ed to intermediate transfer member 110, photoreceptor 102 is cleaned of residual toner by a cleaning station 112.
• intermediate transfer members can operate without any drying systems.
• the heat of the intermediate transfer member dries the image somewhat and removes some of the liquid carrier in the image, to improve the transfer of the image to sheet 48 on impression roller 42.
• liquid is removed prior to transfer of the image to the intermediate transfer member.
• a dryer 114 is preferably used to dry the image on the intermediate transfer member.
• a further dryer 116 removes some liquid which remains on or is solvated by the intermediate transfer member to improve transfer of the next image to the intermediate transfer member.
• engine 100 may be purely conventional as has been described in numerous patents, patent applications and patent publications assigned to the assignee of the present application, Indigo, N.N. and Spectrum Sciences BN.
• certain parts of the prefe ⁇ ed embodiment of the invention including intermediate transfer blankets, photoreceptor sheets, etc. are available from Indigo, N.V.
• Fig. 6 shows a prefe ⁇ ed embodiment of a charger 120 co ⁇ esponding to charger 104 of Fig. 5.
• the charger shown comprises six corotrons or scorotrons, each comprising a charging surface such as a charged wire 122 and grid 124 for scorotrons, although a greater or lesser number may be used as required.
• Each pair of scorotrons is preferably housed in a housing 126 including a chamber 128 into which air is pumped. This air is forced by pressure past wires 122 and onto the surface of photoreceptor 120. This flow of air carries away evaporated carrier liquid which otherwise has a tendency to coat the wires and reduce their life. In addition, this flow also caries away ozone which is generated by the charging surface.
• chambers 130 are provided, beside the scorotrons. These chambers are connected to suction pumps, such that air fed to chambers 128 and passing wires 122 to the surface of drum 102 is immediately removed from the environment.
• carrier liquid and/or ozone are removed from the air suctioned via chambers 130, for example by catalytic action.
• Fig. 7 shows a prefe ⁇ ed embodiment of a developer 140 co ⁇ esponding to developer
• Developer 108 comprises a toner inlet 142 which feeds toner concentrate to a toner chamber 144. Toner is fed from chamber 144 to a rotating developer roller 146. The rotation of developer roller 146 pumps the toner past an electrode 148. A voltage difference between electrode 148 and roller 146 preferably coats roller 146 with a concentrated layer of toner. A squeegee 150 preferably removes additional liquid from the toner layer which layer is then selectively transfe ⁇ ed to develop a latent image on photoreceptor 102.
• Toner remaining on developer 146 is preferably removed by a charged roller 152 (see for example element 174 in Fig. 7B of WO 93/01531). Toner is preferably removed from roller 152 by the combined action of a scrapper 154 and a counter rotating sponge roller 156. A squeegee 158 preferably compresses sponge roller 156 and removes excess material from it into a waste chamber 159. Other designs of liquid development systems or powder toner systems may be substituted for developer 140 if desired.
• Fig. 8 shows further details of print engine 100. In prefe ⁇ ed embodiments of the invention, especially where the printing speed is high, it is desirable to dry the image somewhat while heating it on intermediate transfer member 110.
• dryer 160 (co ⁇ esponding to dryer 114 of Fig. 5) is preferably provided.
• dryer 160 preferably comprises a chamber 162 into which air is pumped via an inlet 164.
• the air exits chamber 162 via an exit slit 166 onto the surface of transfer member 110.
• the air which exits slit 166 preferably forms an air knife.
• a second chamber 168, open to the surface of the transfer member, is provided with an exit for air through which air is withdrawn via an exit port 169.
• intermediate transfer member 110 is preferably provided with a further dryer 170 (co ⁇ esponding to dryer 116 of Fig. 5), which dryer operates in a similar manner to dryer 160. in that air is forced onto the surface of the intermediate transfer member and is removed therefrom by suction.
• 170 is removed from the air stream, for example by catalytic action and the air is recirculated for drying.
• Fig. 9 shows a cleaning station 180 co ⁇ esponding to cleaning station 112 of Fig. 5.
• Cleaning station 180 comprises three stages In a first stage cooled liquid (for example carrier liquid) is supplied to the surface via a chamber 182.
• a roller 184 is operative to keep the liquid from leaking out of the cleaner and for pumping it in the upstream direction of photoreceptor 102.
• the cooled liquid flows along the surface of the photoreceptor to a counter-rotating sponge roller 184 which removes adhering toner particles.
• These particles and liquid picked up by the sponge roller are squeegeed out of sponge roller 184 by a squeegee roller 186.
• a scrapper blade 188 completes the cleaning process by scrapping any remaining toner from the surface and keeping excess carrier liquid from leaving the cleaning station.
• duplex printers of the type described above may use other types of electrographic printers as are known in the art.
• the printing engines may be of any suitable type.
• the engines are of a type which produces images under control of a computer such that the images may be changed from print to print.
• Such printers are generally known as "digital" printing engines.
• image transfer utilizing an intermediate transfer member is described, such transfer may be replaced by direct transfer from an imaging surface.

Landscapes

• Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
• General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Plasma & Fusion (AREA)
• Counters In Electrophotography And Two-Sided Copying (AREA)
• Electrostatic Charge, Transfer And Separation In Electrography (AREA)
• Dot-Matrix Printers And Others (AREA)
• Wet Developing In Electrophotography (AREA)
• Handling Of Cut Paper (AREA)
• Registering Or Overturning Sheets (AREA)

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• 1998
  • 1998-05-24 JP JP2000551293A patent/JP2002517016A/ja active Pending
  • 1998-05-24 US US09/700,986 patent/US6608979B1/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
  • 1998-05-24 WO PCT/IL1998/000235 patent/WO1999061957A1/en not_active Ceased
  • 1998-05-24 EP EP00204188A patent/EP1098230B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
  • 1998-05-24 DE DE69816345T patent/DE69816345T2/de not_active Revoked
  • 1998-05-24 CA CA002332972A patent/CA2332972A1/en not_active Abandoned
  • 1998-05-24 AU AU74479/98A patent/AU7447998A/en not_active Abandoned
  • 1998-05-24 DE DE69836646T patent/DE69836646T2/de not_active Expired - Fee Related
  • 1998-05-24 EP EP98921711A patent/EP1080395B1/en not_active Revoked
  • 1998-11-11 DE DE69839652T patent/DE69839652D1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
  • 1998-11-11 EP EP98954705A patent/EP1082642B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
  • 1998-11-11 AU AU11717/99A patent/AU1171799A/en not_active Abandoned
  • 1998-11-11 US US09/701,049 patent/US6438352B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
  • 1998-11-11 WO PCT/IL1998/000553 patent/WO1999061958A1/en not_active Ceased
  • 1998-11-11 JP JP2000551294A patent/JP2002517017A/ja active Pending
  • 1998-11-11 CA CA002332925A patent/CA2332925A1/en not_active Abandoned

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