WO1998054617A1 - Couche a alignement de cristaux liquides et son procede de fabrication; afficheur a cristaux liquides comportant ladite couche et son procede de fabrication - Google Patents
Couche a alignement de cristaux liquides et son procede de fabrication; afficheur a cristaux liquides comportant ladite couche et son procede de fabrication Download PDFInfo
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- WO1998054617A1 WO1998054617A1 PCT/JP1998/002254 JP9802254W WO9854617A1 WO 1998054617 A1 WO1998054617 A1 WO 1998054617A1 JP 9802254 W JP9802254 W JP 9802254W WO 9854617 A1 WO9854617 A1 WO 9854617A1
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- liquid crystal
- group
- substrate
- alignment film
- crystal alignment
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B82—NANOTECHNOLOGY
- B82Y—SPECIFIC USES OR APPLICATIONS OF NANOSTRUCTURES; MEASUREMENT OR ANALYSIS OF NANOSTRUCTURES; MANUFACTURE OR TREATMENT OF NANOSTRUCTURES
- B82Y30/00—Nanotechnology for materials or surface science, e.g. nanocomposites
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
- G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour
- G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
- G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
- G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
- G02F1/1337—Surface-induced orientation of the liquid crystal molecules, e.g. by alignment layers
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
- G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour
- G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
- G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
- G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
- G02F1/1337—Surface-induced orientation of the liquid crystal molecules, e.g. by alignment layers
- G02F1/133711—Surface-induced orientation of the liquid crystal molecules, e.g. by alignment layers by organic films, e.g. polymeric films
- G02F1/133719—Surface-induced orientation of the liquid crystal molecules, e.g. by alignment layers by organic films, e.g. polymeric films with coupling agent molecules, e.g. silane
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a liquid crystal alignment film, a method for manufacturing the same, a liquid crystal display device using the alignment film, and a method for manufacturing the same. More specifically, a liquid crystal alignment film used for a flat display panel using a liquid crystal for displaying a television (TV) image, a computer image, and the like, a method of manufacturing the same, and a light-transmitting film that can be preferably used in this manufacturing
- the present invention relates to a substrate, a liquid crystal display device using the alignment film, and a method for manufacturing the same. Background art
- a color liquid crystal display panel has been formed by spin-coating a polyvinyl alcohol-polyimide solution between two substrates with counter electrodes arranged in a matrix using a spinner or the like.
- a device in which liquid crystal is sealed through a liquid crystal alignment film is generally used.
- TFT thin film transistor
- a polyvinyl alcohol or polyimide solution is applied to each electrode surface of the second substrate with a spinner or the like to form a film, and the film is rubbed to form a liquid crystal alignment film.
- a liquid crystal twisted nematic (TN) liquid crystal, etc.
- a conventional liquid crystal alignment film is formed by dissolving polyvinyl alcohol / polyimide in an organic solvent, applying it using a spin coating method, and then rubbing it using a felt cloth or the like. Therefore, in a large-area panel such as a surface step portion and a 14-inch display, there was a problem that the uniformity of the alignment film could not be sufficiently maintained. Further, it is very difficult to form an alignment film made of the resin with a thin film thickness, and a liquid crystal display device using such an alignment film has a problem that display unevenness and display burn-in easily occur. Disclosure of the invention
- the present invention provides a liquid crystal alignment film suitably used for a liquid crystal display panel, the liquid crystal alignment film being capable of maintaining good alignment uniformity even in a panel having a surface stepped portion and a large area, and rubbing. It is an object of the present invention to provide a method for efficiently producing this liquid crystal alignment film without accompanying the method, a light-transmitting substrate suitably usable for this production, a liquid crystal display device using this liquid crystal alignment film, and a method for producing the same.
- the first purpose is a method for efficiently producing this liquid crystal alignment film without accompanying the method, a light-transmitting substrate suitably usable for this production, a liquid crystal display device using this liquid crystal alignment film, and a method for producing the same.
- a second object of the present invention is an alignment film used in a liquid crystal display panel, which has a very small thickness, controls the liquid crystal alignment direction by rubbing, and adjusts the pretilt angle of the liquid crystal.
- An object of the present invention is to provide a liquid crystal alignment film that can be controlled by controlling critical surface energy, a method for efficiently manufacturing the liquid crystal alignment film, and a liquid crystal display device using the liquid crystal alignment film and a method for manufacturing the same. .
- the first liquid crystal alignment film of the present invention is a film having one end composed of a group of molecules chemically adsorbed on the surface of a substrate, It is characterized in that the molecule group includes a molecule having a linear carbon chain, and at least a part of the linear carbon chain is selectively polymerized with each other.
- liquid crystal alignment film According to such a liquid crystal alignment film, the deterioration of the uniformity of the alignment can be suppressed even on the surface of the substrate having a large-area panel / step portion. Since this liquid crystal alignment film is provided with the alignment property to the liquid crystal without using physical contact means such as rubbing, the large area of the panel and the step on the substrate surface cause the uniformity of the liquid crystal alignment. Basically has no effect. Further, since the liquid crystal orientation film is chemically adsorbed on the surface of the substrate, it has excellent characteristics in film durability such as peeling resistance.
- the inclination of the linear carbon chain with respect to the substrate is controlled to a constant angle by polymerization of the linear carbon chain. This is because the alignment regulating force for the liquid crystal is improved.
- the molecule group includes a molecule shorter than a molecule having a linear carbon chain, and the presence of the molecule causes the linear carbon chain to be inclined at a certain angle with respect to the substrate. Controlled, and at least a part of the linear carbon chains selectively polymerize with each other, so that the inclination with respect to the substrate is increased or decreased from the angle, and the linear carbon chains are increased or decreased by the increase or decrease. It is preferable that the region where the polymerized polymer forms a convex portion or a concave portion. According to this preferred example, the projections or depressions controlled at the molecular level on the coating surface contribute to the improvement of the regularity of the liquid crystal alignment.
- a region where the linear carbon chain is polymerized on the surface of the substrate is a plurality of linear lines substantially parallel to each other via a region where the linear carbon chain is not polymerized. Is preferably formed.
- the alignment regulating force for the liquid crystal is further improved. The improvement in the alignment regulating force is particularly remarkable when the above-mentioned projections or depressions extend in the same direction on the surface of the liquid crystal alignment film.
- one end of a molecule having a linear carbon chain is preferably fixed to the surface of the substrate via a siloxane bond.
- liquid crystal alignment film it is preferable that molecules constituting a molecule group are mutually bonded via a siloxane bond. According to this preferred example, the peeling resistance and the like can be further improved, and the accuracy of the orientation of the linear carbon chain with respect to the substrate can be further improved by bonding the molecules to each other. it can.
- the first method for producing a liquid crystal alignment film of the present invention comprises the steps of: contacting a surface of a substrate with a chemisorption solution to form a linear carbon solution contained in the chemisorption solution; A step of fixing one end of the molecule to the surface by chemically reacting a surfactant molecule having a chain with a hydrophilic group on the surface; and selectively exposing a film composed of a molecule group including the molecule. Thereby imparting orientation to at least a part of the linear carbon chain to the substrate.
- rubbing is not involved, so that a liquid crystal alignment film having good uniformity even at a stepped portion on a large-area panel or substrate surface can be efficiently and rationally formed. Can be manufactured.
- the application of the alignment regulating force to the liquid crystal is performed by utilizing the change in the alignment of the linear carbon chains due to the exposure, the production efficiency does not basically decrease even if the panel has a large area.
- the step of imparting orientation to at least a part of the linear carbon chain is performed by polymerizing the linear carbon chain. It is preferable to control the inclination to a constant angle. According to this preferred example, the inclination of the linear carbon chain with respect to the substrate is fixed, and the liquid crystal in which the accuracy of the liquid crystal alignment is improved is improved. A crystalline orientation film can be manufactured.
- the linear carbon is fixed by fixing one end of a molecule having a shorter molecular length than a surfactant having a linear carbon chain to the surface of the substrate.
- the angle of the polymerized linear carbon chain with respect to the substrate is adjusted to the above-mentioned angle.
- the angle is increased or decreased so that the region where the linear carbon chain is polymerized forms a convex portion or a concave portion by the increase or decrease.
- the coating comprising a molecule group including the molecule is exposed.
- a step of cleaning the surface of the substrate with an organic solvent is included.
- the liquid crystal alignment film can be formed into a monomolecular film.
- the organic solvent is drained from a surface of the substrate in a predetermined direction to thereby reduce the linear carbon chain to the predetermined level. It is preferable to orient in the direction of. According to this preferred example, since the inclination of the linear carbon chain can be primarily oriented, the accuracy of the orientation of the liquid crystal can be further improved.
- an organic material from the surface of the substrate may be used.
- the inclination of the linear carbon chain with respect to the substrate is controlled to a fixed angle, and at least a part of the linear carbon chain is selectively selectively separated from each other.
- the angle of the polymerized linear carbon chain with respect to the substrate is increased or decreased from the angle, and the region where the linear carbon chain is polymerized due to the increase or decrease is a convex portion or a concave portion. Is preferably formed.
- a liquid crystal alignment film in which convex portions or concave portions controlled at the molecular level on the surface of the coating film contribute to an improvement in the alignment regulating force for the liquid crystal.
- a method for giving a primary orientation to a linear carbon chain a method in which the direction of drainage of an organic solvent is set to a predetermined direction, and a method in which a surfactant molecule having a linear carbon chain is shorter than this molecule.
- a non-aqueous organic solvent containing at least one selected from an alkyl group, a fluorocarbon group, a carbon chloride group and a siloxane group may be used as the organic solvent.
- the cleaning step the reaction between the surplus surfactant molecules that are not bonded to the substrate surface and the reactive molecules such as moisture in the air can be suppressed.
- the activator molecules can be reliably removed to form a good monomolecular film.
- the surface is exposed to light through a translucent substrate having a plurality of irregularities extending in substantially the same direction, whereby the linear carbon chains are polymerized on the surface of the substrate. It is preferable that the region in which a linear carbon chain does not polymerize form a plurality of parallel filaments. According to a preferred example of performing such selective exposure, it is possible to manufacture a liquid crystal alignment film in which the alignment regulating force with respect to the liquid crystal is further improved. Orientation rule The improvement in force is particularly remarkable when the irregularities extend in the same direction on the surface of the liquid crystal alignment film.
- the exposure is performed through a light-transmitting substrate in which the width and depth of the concave and convex portions on the surface are 0.01 to 0.5 / m. It is preferable that light reaching the coating film via the light-transmitting substrate is diffracted by unevenness of the light-transmitting substrate. This is because the alignment regulating force can be improved.
- the surfactant molecule having a straight-chain carbon chain may have, at a molecular end thereof, a gallium-containing group selected from a chlorosilane group, an alkoxysilane group, and an isocyanate silane group. It is preferable to include it. It is a powder that can efficiently produce a chemically adsorbed film having a high peeling resistance.
- the surfactant molecule having a linear carbon chain preferably contains a photopolymerizable functional group in the linear carbon chain.
- the functional group is preferably a diacetylene group. According to these preferred examples, the linear carbon chain is efficiently polymerized by exposure.
- another configuration of the first method for producing a liquid crystal alignment film of the present invention is as follows: a surfactant molecule having a linear carbon chain contained in the chemical adsorption solution by contacting the surface of the substrate with the chemical adsorption solution. A step of fixing one end of the molecule to the surface by chemically reacting the substrate with a hydrophilic group on the surface of the substrate, and draining the organic solvent in contact with the surface in a predetermined direction. Washing and drying the surface, and arranging a light-transmissive substrate having a plurality of irregularities extending in substantially the same direction on the surface such that the direction in which the irregularities extend is not orthogonal to the direction of the drainage.
- the first liquid crystal display device of the present invention is disposed so as to keep a predetermined interval, and at least one of the opposing surfaces has a liquid crystal alignment film formed on at least one of the substrates, and is sandwiched between the two substrates;
- the liquid crystal alignment film is a film composed of a group of molecules whose one end is chemically adsorbed on the surface of the substrate, and the group of molecules is directly formed on the surface. It comprises a molecule having a linear carbon chain, and at least a part of the linear carbon chain is selectively polymerized with each other.
- the uniformity of the liquid crystal alignment film is suppressed from being reduced even in a panel having a large area or a step portion on the substrate surface, and the liquid crystal alignment is well maintained.
- the inclination of the linear carbon chain with respect to the substrate is controlled to a constant angle by polymerization of the linear carbon chain. This is because the alignment regulating force for the liquid crystal is improved.
- a step is formed on the surface by forming at least one thin film member selected from an electrode, a color filter, and a thin film transistor on a part of the surface of the substrate. Even when a liquid crystal alignment film is formed in a region including the liquid crystal alignment film, the uniformity of the liquid crystal alignment at a stepped portion as in the case where the liquid crystal alignment film is manufactured by rubbing is suppressed.
- the liquid crystal alignment films have different alignment directions. It preferably includes a plurality of regions. This is because a display device having a wide viewing angle can be obtained.
- a second method for producing a liquid crystal alignment film of the present invention includes a method of forming a plurality of films extending in substantially the same direction on a film formed on a surface of a substrate by a process including exposure. It is characterized by forming irregularities.
- a predetermined uneven pattern on the surface is formed by changing the molecular structure by a process including exposure, not by rubbing, so that the surface step portion ⁇ a large area panel. This can also suppress the deterioration of the uniformity of the liquid crystal alignment.
- the width of the concave and convex portions is preferably from 0.01 to 0.5 m. This is because the alignment regulating force for the liquid crystal is improved.
- the coating is preferably a chemically adsorbed polymer film. According to this preferred example, coating durability such as peel resistance can be improved.
- the chemically adsorbed polymer film is bonded to the surface of the substrate via a siloxane bond. This is because the separation resistance of the liquid crystal alignment film is further improved.
- Another configuration of the second method for producing a liquid crystal alignment film of the present invention includes a step of forming a film containing a photosensitive polymer on a surface of a substrate, and a step in which exposed portions are substantially parallel to each other via non-exposed portions. Exposing the coating to form a plurality of linear stripes, and removing the portion of the coating by utilizing a difference generated by exposure of a molecular structure of a molecule constituting the coating to be substantially the same. Forming a plurality of irregularities extending in the direction on the film surface.
- the uneven pattern on the surface is formed not by rubbing but by a process including exposure, so that even in a panel having a surface stepped portion and a large area, deterioration of the uniformity of liquid crystal alignment is suppressed.
- Liquid crystal alignment film It can be manufactured efficiently. Also, even if the panel becomes large, production efficiency will not basically decrease.
- a difference caused by exposure of a molecular structure of a molecule constituting the coating is a difference in a degree of polymerization of a molecule constituting the coating.
- the surface is exposed through a light-transmitting substrate having a plurality of irregularities extending in substantially the same direction. This is because they can be manufactured easily and efficiently.
- the step of exposing the film may include forming a linear portion in which the exposed portion extends in substantially the same direction as the direction in which the irregularities on the surface of the translucent substrate extend. It is preferable that the step be a step of exposing the film to the above. In addition, it is preferable to transfer an uneven pattern on the surface of the translucent substrate as a pattern of an exposed portion and an unexposed portion of the coating. According to these preferred examples, it is possible to efficiently manufacture a liquid crystal alignment film that gives a high alignment regulating force in a certain direction.
- the width and depth of the concave and convex portions on the surface of the translucent substrate be 0.01 to 0.5 ⁇ . This is because the alignment regulating force for the liquid crystal is improved.
- a solution containing a photosensitive surfactant molecule is brought into contact with the surface of the substrate, and the surfactant molecule is chemically adsorbed on the substrate to thereby form a photosensitive polymer. It is preferable to form a coating containing the same. According to this preferred example, a chemically adsorbed film having excellent film durability such as peel resistance can be formed.
- the surfactant molecule includes a gay-containing group selected from a chlorosilane group, an alkoxysilane group, and an isocyanatosilane group at a molecular terminal. Peeling resistance This is because a high chemical adsorption film can be efficiently produced.
- the translucent substrate for exposing a liquid crystal alignment film according to the present invention is characterized in that a plurality of irregularities extend on the surface in substantially the same direction.
- the width and depth of the concave and convex portions are preferably from 0.01 to 0.5 ⁇ m.
- the method for producing a translucent substrate for exposing a liquid crystal alignment film according to the present invention is a method for producing a translucent substrate for exposing a liquid crystal alignment film having a plurality of irregularities extending in substantially the same direction on the surface.
- the transparent substrate is preferably made of a polycarbonate resin or an acrylic resin.
- a brush, a scourer, or the like can be used as the member (a member for rubbing the substrate), but it is conventionally used for producing a liquid crystal alignment film. It is preferable to use a rubbing cloth that has been used.
- another configuration of the method for producing a translucent substrate for exposing a liquid crystal alignment film is a method for producing a translucent substrate for exposing a liquid crystal alignment film having a plurality of irregularities extending in substantially the same direction on the surface.
- the method includes a step of exposing a photosensitive resist and a step of developing the photosensitive resist. According to this manufacturing method, a highly accurate light-transmitting substrate for exposure can be manufactured, and a light-transmitting substrate having a diffractive effect on light can be used. Noh.
- the photosensitive resist is exposed using at least one selected from ultraviolet rays, far ultraviolet rays, and an electron beam.
- the surface is further etched by at least one method selected from chemical etching, plasma etching and sputter etching. Is preferred. According to this preferred example, it is possible to increase the aspect ratio of the irregularities of the translucent substrate.
- the second liquid crystal display device of the present invention is arranged so as to keep a predetermined interval, and at least one of two opposing surfaces has a liquid crystal alignment film formed thereon.
- liquid crystal sandwiched between these two substrates the liquid crystal of which alignment is regulated by the liquid crystal alignment film, wherein the liquid crystal alignment film is formed on a surface in contact with the liquid crystal by a process including exposure.
- a plurality of irregularities extending in substantially the same direction In such a liquid crystal display device, the orientation of the liquid crystal is favorably maintained even in a panel having a large area or a step portion on the substrate surface.
- the liquid crystal display device at least one thin film member selected from an electrode, a color filter, and a thin film transistor is formed on a part of the surface of the substrate, so that a step is formed on the surface, and the step is formed on the surface. Even if a liquid crystal alignment film is formed in a region including the liquid crystal alignment film, the uniformity of the liquid crystal alignment at a stepped portion as in the case where the liquid crystal alignment film is manufactured by rubbing is suppressed.
- the liquid crystal alignment film includes a plurality of regions having different alignment directions. This is because a display device having a wide viewing angle can be obtained.
- the third liquid crystal alignment film of the present invention is a film formed on a surface of a substrate, wherein an electrode is formed in advance and the electrode surface is directly or any thin film. After formation, a monomolecular film is formed on the surface of the rubbed substrate.
- the molecules constituting the monomolecular film include a carbon chain or a siloxane bond, and a terminal or part of the carbon chain or the siloxane bond has a functional group that controls the surface energy of the film. It is preferable to include at least one.
- the thickness of the film is extremely thin, on the order of nanometers, because it is a monomolecular film.
- the orientation direction of the liquid crystal is controlled by rubbing, and the pretilt angle of the liquid crystal is the critical surface energy of the orientation film. It is possible to provide a liquid crystal alignment film that can be controlled by controlling the
- liquid crystal alignment film a plurality of types of silane-based surfactants having different critical surface energies are mixed and used as molecules constituting the coating so that the fixed coating exhibits a desired critical surface energy value. It is preferably controlled to Because it is convenient for controlling the pretilt angle of the liquid crystal ⁇ ⁇ o
- the functional groups for controlling the surface energy include a carbon trifluoride group (—CF 3 ), a methyl group (—CH 3 ), a vinyl group, and a carbon group.
- Critical surface energy Can be easily controlled.
- the critical surface energy of the coating is
- pretilt angle of the liquid crystal it is preferable to control the pretilt angle of the liquid crystal to be injected to 0 to 90 by controlling the critical surface energy in this way by controlling the critical surface energy between 15 mN Zm and 56 mN Zm. It can be controlled arbitrarily within a range of degrees.
- the liquid crystal alignment film preferably contains Si at a terminal of a molecule constituting the coating. This is because it becomes extremely easy to fix molecules on the substrate surface.
- a third method for producing a liquid crystal alignment film of the present invention comprises the steps of: directly forming a surface of a substrate on which electrodes are previously formed, or forming an arbitrary protective film on the surface, and then forming an arbitrary surface on the surface. Rubbing in the direction of, and a silane containing a carbon chain or a siloxane bonding chain, and containing at least one functional group for controlling the surface energy of the coating at a terminal or a part of the carbon chain or the siloxane bonding chain.
- a highly reliable liquid crystal display device in which the alignment direction of the liquid crystal is controlled by the rubbing direction, and the pretilt angle of the liquid crystal can be controlled by the surface energy of the monomolecular film-like coating.
- the resulting liquid crystal alignment film can be manufactured efficiently.
- a silane-based surfactant containing a linear carbon chain or a siloxane bond chain and a chlorosilyl group, an alkoxysilyl group, or an isocyanatesilyl group may be used as the surfactant.
- a silane-based surfactant containing a linear carbon chain or a siloxane bond chain and a chlorosilyl group, an alkoxysilyl group, or an isocyanatesilyl group may be used as the surfactant.
- a silane-based surfactant containing a linear carbon chain or a siloxane bond chain and a chlorosilyl group, an alkoxysilyl group, or an isocyanatesilyl group may be used as the surfactant.
- a silane-based surfactant containing a linear carbon chain or a siloxane bond chain and a chlorosilyl group, an alkoxysilyl group, or an isocyanatesilyl group may be used as the surfactant.
- the substrate is washed with an organic solvent. It is preferable that the substrate is set up in a desired direction and the liquid is drained, and the fixed molecules are oriented in the liquid draining direction. This is because a liquid crystal alignment film having further excellent alignment properties can be provided.
- a liquid crystal alignment film it is preferable that after aligning the molecules, exposure is further performed through a polarizing film to redirect the aligned molecules in a desired direction. Alignment performance can be further improved.
- a silane-based surfactant containing a linear carbon chain or a siloxane bond chain and a chlorosilyl group or an isocyanatesilyl group is used as a surfactant, and water is used as a cleaning organic solvent.
- a non-aqueous organic solvent is used. Fewer defects This is because a monomolecular liquid crystal alignment film can be provided.
- a solvent containing an alkyl group, a carbon fluoride group, a carbon chloride group, or a siloxane group is preferably used as the non-aqueous organic solvent. This is because draining is convenient.
- a step of forming a film containing a large number of SiO groups is performed after the rubbing step and before the step of fixing the surfactant molecules at one end. It is preferable to form a monomolecular film through the film.
- the present invention can provide a higher-density monomolecular liquid crystal alignment film.
- a third liquid crystal display device of the present invention includes a carbon chain or a siloxane bond, and controls the surface energy of the coating at the terminal or a part of the carbon chain or the siloxane bond.
- a film composed of molecules containing at least one functional group is formed as an alignment film for liquid crystal after two opposing electrodes are formed and the electrode surface forms a direct or arbitrary thin film.
- At least one of the rubbed substrate surfaces is formed directly or indirectly via another coating on the electrode side surface of one of the substrates, and the liquid crystal is sandwiched between the two opposed electrodes via the alignment film. It is characterized by
- the coating is formed as an alignment film on each of two rubbed substrates on which electrodes to be opposed to each other are formed. This is the ability to provide a liquid crystal display device with higher contrast.
- the coating on the substrate surface includes a plurality of portions having different pattern-like orientation directions. This is because the viewing angle can be greatly improved.
- the opposing electrodes are formed on one substrate surface.
- IPS in-plane switch
- a third method of manufacturing a liquid crystal display device of the present invention the surface of a first substrate having a first electrode group previously placed in a matrix is rubbed directly or after forming an arbitrary thin film.
- a silane-based surfactant comprising a carbon chain or a siloxane bond chain, and comprising at least one functional group for controlling the surface energy of the coating at the terminal or part of the carbon chain or the siloxane bond chain.
- the liquid crystal display device is exposed to light polarized in a desired direction through a polarizing plate to set the orientation of the surfactant molecules to a desired tilt. It is preferable to perform the step of aligning in a specific direction in the state having This is a force that can realize a liquid crystal display device having more excellent alignment characteristics.
- the direction of the bonded surfactant molecules is preferably determined by exposing to light with a desired direction through a polarizing plate and having a desired inclination.
- the step of aligning the step of superposing and exposing a pattern-shaped mask on the polarizing plate is performed plural times,
- a liquid crystal display device with multi-domain alignment can be provided.
- the fourth liquid crystal alignment film of the present invention is a monomolecular film formed on the surface of the substrate on which a desired electrode is formed, and the surface of the film is rubbed. It is characterized by having.
- the molecules constituting the coating include a carbon chain or a siloxane bonding chain, and at least one functional group that controls the surface energy of the coating at a terminal or a part of the carbon chain or the siloxane bonding chain. It is preferable to be
- the thickness of the film is extremely thin, on the order of nanometers, because it is a monomolecular film.
- the alignment direction of the liquid crystal is controlled by rubbing, and the pretilt angle of the liquid crystal is the critical surface of the alignment film. It is possible to provide a liquid crystal alignment film that can be controlled by controlling energy.
- liquid crystal alignment film a plurality of types of silicon-based surfactants having different critical surface energies are mixed and used as molecules constituting the coating so that the fixed coating has a desired critical surface energy value. Preferably it is controlled. This is because it is convenient for arbitrarily controlling the pretilt angle of the injected liquid crystal.
- Ariru group (-CH CH -), ( 3 double bond of carbon one-carbon) acetylene group, phenyl group (-C 6 H r), phenylene group (- H 4 -), a halogen atom, an alkoxy group (- 0R;.
- the liquid crystal alignment film preferably contains Si at a terminal of a molecule constituting the coating. This is because it becomes extremely easy to fix molecules on the substrate surface.
- a fourth method for producing a liquid crystal alignment film of the present invention comprises the steps of: forming a substrate having an electrode thereon, the method comprising: The terminal or part of the surface is brought into contact with a chemical adsorption solution prepared using a silane-based surfactant containing at least one functional group that controls the surface energy of the coating, and the surfactant molecules in the adsorption solution and the substrate A step of chemically reacting the surface with the surface to bond and fix the surfactant molecule to the substrate surface at one end; and a step of rubbing the surface, to produce a monomolecular liquid crystal alignment film.
- a silane-based surfactant containing a linear carbon chain or a siloxane bond chain and a chlorosilyl group, or an alkoxysilane group or an isocyanatesilane group may be used as the surfactant.
- a silane-based surfactant containing a linear carbon chain or a siloxane bond chain and a chlorosilyl group, or an alkoxysilane group or an isocyanatesilane group may be used as the surfactant.
- a silane-based surfactant containing a linear carbon chain or a siloxane bond chain and a chlorosilyl group, or an alkoxysilane group or an isocyanatesilane group may be used as the surfactant.
- This is convenient for producing a monomolecular film.
- the method for producing a liquid crystal alignment film it is preferable to use a mixture of a plurality of types of silicon-based surfactants having different critical surface energies.
- the critical surface energy of the coating can be controlled more finely, This is because it is convenient for accurately controlling the pretilt angle of the liquid crystal.
- the surfactant molecules are added to the surface of the substrate. After the step of bonding and fixing at one end, the substrate is washed with an organic solvent, the substrate is further set up in a desired direction to perform liquid drainage, the fixed molecules are pre-aligned in the liquid drainage direction, and then rubbing is performed. It is preferable to control the orientation of the injected liquid crystal more uniformly.
- a patterning mask is superposed on a polarizing plate and exposed. It is preferable to perform the process and provide a plurality of portions in the alignment film in the same plane having different alignment directions in the pattern. This is because the display performance of the device can be further improved.
- a silane-based surfactant containing a linear carbon chain or a siloxane bond chain and a chlorosilyl group or an isocyanatesilane group is used as a surfactant, and water is used as a cleaning organic solvent.
- a non-aqueous organic solvent not containing. This is because a monomolecular liquid crystal alignment film having fewer defects can be provided.
- a solvent containing an alkyl group, a fluorocarbon group, a carbon chloride group, or a siloxane group is preferably used as the non-aqueous organic solvent. This is because draining is convenient.
- a step of forming a film containing a large number of SiO groups is performed before the step of fixing the surfactant molecules at one end, and a single molecule is formed through the film. It is preferable to perform rubbing after forming a film-like film. This is because a monomolecular liquid crystal alignment film having a higher density can be provided.
- a fourth liquid crystal display device of the present invention includes a carbon chain or a siloxane bonding chain, and controls the surface energy of the coating at a terminal or a part of the carbon chain or the siloxane bonding chain.
- a monomolecular film composed of molecules containing at least one functional group is rubbed, and at least one substrate on the surface of the substrate on which two opposing electrodes are formed as an alignment film for liquid crystal
- the liquid crystal is interposed between the two opposing electrodes via the alignment film directly or indirectly via another coating on the electrode side surface. It has an alignment film for liquid crystal whose thickness is extremely thin at the nanometer level, the alignment direction of the liquid crystal is controlled by rubbing, and the pretilt angle of the liquid crystal is controlled by controlling the critical surface energy of the alignment film. Can be provided.
- the coating is formed as an alignment film on the surface of the substrate on which the two electrodes facing each other are formed. This is because a liquid crystal display device having a high contrast can be obtained. Further, in the liquid crystal display device, it is preferable that the coating on the substrate surface includes a plurality of portions having different pattern-like orientation directions. This is because the viewing angle can be greatly improved.
- the opposing electrodes are formed on one substrate surface. It can also be used effectively for in-plane switch (IPS) type display devices.
- IPS in-plane switch
- the fourth method of manufacturing a liquid crystal display device comprises the steps of: directly forming a first substrate having a first electrode group mounted in a matrix form or forming an arbitrary thin film on the first substrate; Chemisorption produced using a silane-based surfactant containing a bonding chain and having at least one functional group controlling the surface energy of the coating at the terminal or at a part of the carbon chain or siloxane bonding chain Contacting the surfactant molecule in the adsorbent with the surface of the substrate to chemically react the surfactant molecule with the substrate surface, and fixing the surfactant molecule to the substrate surface at one end.
- a patterned mask is provided on the polarizing plate.
- Figure 1 shows a surfactant molecule with a linear carbon chain and a chlorosilane group. It is a figure which shows the state which chemisorbed to the board surface.
- FIG. 2 is a diagram showing a state in which surfactant molecules chemically adsorbed on the substrate surface shown in FIG. 1 are bonded to each other.
- FIG. 3 is a diagram showing one embodiment of the first liquid crystal alignment film of the present invention.
- FIG. 4 is a diagram showing a reaction example of polymerization of a linear carbon chain in one embodiment of the first liquid crystal alignment film of the present invention.
- FIG. 5 is a cross-sectional view showing a state in which a substrate is immersed in a chemical adsorption liquid in one embodiment of the first method for producing a liquid crystal alignment film of the present invention.
- FIG. 6 is a cross-sectional view illustrating a state in which the substrate of one embodiment of the present invention is washed with an organic solvent and then is drained in one embodiment of the first method for manufacturing a liquid crystal alignment film of the present invention. is there.
- FIG. 7 is a cross-sectional view showing a method for providing unevenness in one embodiment of the transparent substrate for exposure of the present invention.
- FIG. 8 is a cross-sectional view showing another method for providing unevenness in an embodiment of the transparent substrate for exposure of the present invention.
- FIG. 9 is a cross-sectional view showing one embodiment of the transparent substrate for exposure of the present invention.
- FIG. 10 is a diagram showing the relationship between the size of the uneven pattern and the degree of orientational order in one embodiment of the transparent substrate for exposure of the present invention.
- FIG. 11 is a perspective view showing a method for exposing using a transparent substrate as a mask in one embodiment of the first method for producing a liquid crystal alignment film of the present invention.
- FIG. 12 is a view showing one embodiment of the transparent substrate on which the first liquid crystal alignment film of the present invention is formed.
- FIG. 13 is a sectional view showing an embodiment of the first liquid crystal display device of the present invention.
- FIG. 14 is a cross-sectional view showing a method of exposing a film via an exposure mask in one embodiment of the second method for producing a liquid crystal alignment film of the present invention.
- FIG. 15 is a cross-sectional view showing one embodiment of the transparent substrate on which the second liquid crystal alignment film of the present invention is formed.
- FIG. 16 is a sectional view showing an embodiment of the second liquid crystal display device of the present invention.
- FIG. 17 is a cross-sectional view showing a state where the substrate is immersed in a chemical adsorption solution in one embodiment of the third method for producing a liquid crystal alignment film of the present invention.
- FIG. 18 is a cross-sectional view showing a state in which, after one embodiment of the third method for producing a liquid crystal alignment film of the present invention, the substrate is washed with an organic solvent and then the liquid drainage is started.
- FIG. 19 is a view showing one embodiment of the third liquid crystal alignment film of the present invention.
- FIG. 20 is a perspective view showing a method for exposing through a polarizing film in one embodiment of the third method for producing a liquid crystal alignment film of the present invention.
- FIG. 21 is a diagram showing an embodiment of the transparent substrate on which the third liquid crystal alignment film of the present invention is formed.
- FIG. 22 is a diagram showing one embodiment of the third liquid crystal alignment film of the present invention.
- FIG. 23 is a view showing a state in which a chlorosilane monomolecular film is formed (before reaction with moisture in the air) in one embodiment of the third method for producing a liquid crystal alignment film of the present invention. .
- FIG. 24 is a view showing a state in which a siloxane monomolecular film is formed in one embodiment of the third method for producing a liquid crystal alignment film of the present invention.
- FIG. 25 is a sectional view showing an embodiment of the third liquid crystal display device of the present invention.
- FIG. 26 is a cross-sectional view showing a state where the substrate is immersed in a chemical adsorption solution in one embodiment of the fourth method for producing a liquid crystal alignment film of the present invention.
- FIG. 27 is a cross-sectional view showing a state in which the substrate shifts to draining after the substrate is washed with an organic solvent in one embodiment of the fourth method for producing a liquid crystal alignment film of the present invention.
- FIG. 28 is a diagram showing an embodiment of the fourth liquid crystal alignment film of the present invention.
- FIG. 29 is a perspective view showing a method for exposing through a polarizing film in one embodiment of the fourth method for producing a liquid crystal alignment film of the present invention.
- FIG. 30 is a diagram showing an embodiment of the transparent substrate on which the fourth liquid crystal alignment film of the present invention is formed.
- FIG. 31 is a diagram showing one embodiment of the fourth liquid crystal alignment film of the present invention.
- FIG. 32 is a view showing a state in which a chlorosilane monomolecular film is formed (before reaction with moisture in the air) in one embodiment of the fourth method for producing a liquid crystal alignment film of the present invention.
- FIG. 33 is a view showing a state in which a siloxane monomolecular film is formed in one embodiment of the fourth method for producing a liquid crystal alignment film of the present invention.
- FIG. 34 is a cross-sectional view showing one embodiment of the fourth liquid crystal display device of the present invention.
- the first liquid crystal alignment film of the present invention contains a surfactant molecule having a straight-chain carbon chain having one end fixed to the surface of the substrate.
- the surfactant molecule a surfactant molecule having a substituent selected from a chlorosilane group, an alkoxysilane group and an isocyanatosilane group at a molecular terminal is preferable.
- a surfactant molecule having a linear carbon chain a surfactant molecule having a photopolymerizable functional group such as a diacetylene group or a acetylene group in the linear carbon chain is preferable.
- the following formula ( The surfactant molecules shown in 1) to (6) are preferred.
- R is an integer of 0 or more, preferably an integer of 2 to 24.
- surfactant molecules that can be suitably used as shown in the above formulas (1) to (6) are preferably used in a mixture with other types of surfactants. In this case, other surfactant molecules are used. Examples include surfactant molecules represented by the following formulas (7) to (20).
- Ha represents a halogen atom such as chlorine, bromine, iodine, fluorine, etc.
- m is an integer of 0 or more, preferably an integer of 7 to 24
- n is an integer of 0 or more, and is preferably an integer of 0 or more.
- Is an integer of 0 to 24, s is an integer of 0 or more and preferably an integer of 3 to 24, and t is an integer of 0 or more and preferably an integer of 1 to 10;
- u is an integer of 0 or more, preferably an integer of 1 to 24.
- surfactant molecules represented by the following formulas (21) and (45).
- the number of molecules of the molecules having a linear carbon chain that are polymerized with each other as represented by the formulas (1) to (6) is determined. It is preferable to select one having a molecular length shorter than the molecular length.
- Surfactant molecules are added to an organic solvent, preferably a non-aqueous organic solvent, to form a chemisorption solution.
- a solvent containing an alkyl group, a fluorocarbon group, a carbon chloride group, a siloxane group, or the like can be used. More specifically, a hexadecane or a fluorocarbon group containing an alkyl group can be used.
- a non-aqueous solvent such as chlorofluorocarbon containing Z or a carbon chloride group, or hexamethyldisiloxane containing a siloxane group.
- a transparent glass substrate or a resin substrate can be used as the substrate to be brought into contact with the chemical adsorption solution. More specifically, various glass substrates such as soda lime silicate, boro silicate, alumino silicate, and polyester film for example, various resin substrates can be used.
- a series of chemical reactions that occur when a chemical adsorption solution containing surfactant molecules is brought into contact with the surface of a substrate and a film is formed on this surface are converted into a silane-based surfactant represented by the above formula (1).
- the case where the hydrophilic group on the substrate surface is a hydroxyl group is described below.
- the film formed by such a process is a chemisorbed monomolecular film composed of a group of molecules having one end fixed to the surface of the substrate. Since they are bonded to each other, they have excellent properties such as peel resistance.
- FIG. 3 shows a surfactant molecule having a linear carbon chain containing a diacetylene group (a) as shown by the formula (1), and having a silane group at the molecular end. shows a cross section of the chemisorption solution, similarly to the aforementioned method, at the molecular level of the coating formed by washing with a non-aqueous solvent is brought into contact with a substrate comprising a CH 3 S i C 1 3 is shorter molecules than FIG.
- the linear carbon chain is controlled by a relatively short molecule so that the inclination with respect to the substrate is within a certain range. Control of such a tilt
- the coating itself as shown in FIG. 3 in which the inclination of the linear carbon chain with respect to the substrate is controlled already has an alignment regulating force for the liquid crystal, and the present invention has such a liquid crystal alignment film. It has the aspect of further improving the alignment regulating force.
- diacetylene group contained in the linear carbon chain whose inclination to the substrate is controlled as shown in FIG. 3 can be polymerized while exhibiting a certain regularity even when polymerized by exposure.
- diacetylene groups (a) are addition-polymerized to each other to form polydiacetylene (b).
- the direction of drainage of the non-aqueous solvent used for washing the substrate is constant.
- the substrate surface is parallel to the vertical direction as shown in FIG.
- the arrow shown in FIG. 3 corresponds to the substrate pulling direction, like arrow 5 in FIG.
- the method for draining the solvent is not limited to the method shown in the figure, and a gas such as dry air is sprayed from a certain direction to the substrate surface to scatter and remove the non-aqueous solvent in the same direction. It may be good.
- the direction in which the non-aqueous solvent is scattered and removed is the liquid draining direction.
- the same non-aqueous solvent as the above-described organic solvent is preferable, and a non-aqueous solvent containing an alkyl group, a fluorocarbon group, a carbon chloride group, a siloxane group, or the like is preferably used.
- a non-aqueous solvent containing an alkyl group, a fluorocarbon group, a carbon chloride group, a siloxane group, or the like is preferably used.
- n-hexane, freon 113, chloroform, hexamethylene diamine and the like can be specifically used.
- the translucent substrate used for exposing the coating is preferably one in which a plurality of grooves having a width and a depth of 0.01 to 0.5 m are formed in parallel with each other.
- a light-transmitting substrate having such irregularities since the irregular pattern itself can impart orientation to the liquid crystal, it is necessary to transfer the irregular pattern to the coating film by exposure through the light-transmitting substrate. Thereby, the alignment regulating force for the liquid crystal can be further improved.
- the translucent substrate When exposing through such a translucent substrate, the translucent substrate should be arranged so that the direction of elongation of the irregularities on the surface is not orthogonal to the direction of drainage of the non-aqueous non-aqueous solvent. Is preferred.
- the light-transmitting substrate various kinds of glass and resin, specifically, sodium glyme silicate glass, quartz glass, polycarbonate resin, acrylic resin and the like can be used.
- a polycarbonate resin, an acrylic resin, or the like is used as a substrate of a resin or the like
- the ruggedness of the surface of the light-transmitting substrate may be rubbed with a rubbing cloth conventionally used for forming a liquid crystal alignment film.
- a glass-based substrate it can be formed by forming a resist film on the surface of the glass plate, exposing it to a predetermined pattern, and developing it. After the formation of the irregularities, if the substrate is further etched by chemical etching, plasma etching, sputtering etching, or the like, the aspect ratio of the irregular grooves is increased.
- FIG. 13 shows an embodiment of the first liquid crystal display device of the present invention.
- This liquid crystal display device has a first substrate 23 formed on a surface with a first electrode group 21 mounted in a matrix and a transistor group 22 driving the electrodes, A second substrate 26 having an electrode 25 and a color filter group 24 is disposed such that the first electrode group 21 and the like and the color filter group 24 face each other. And adhesive 29.
- a first liquid crystal alignment film 27 of the present invention is formed on a surface including a region where electrodes, thin film transistors, color filters, and the like are formed on the opposing surfaces of the first substrate 23 and the second substrate 26. It has been done.
- the liquid crystal alignment film 27 is formed so as to cover the electrodes and the like, sandwiches the liquid crystal 30 and gives the liquid crystal 30 an orientation.
- polarizing plates 31 and 32 are arranged on both sides of the panel composed of the substrates 23 and 26 so as to sandwich the panel.
- the alignment direction of the liquid crystal alignment film 27 is not controlled by mechanical contact means such as rubbing, but is controlled by means including exposure as described above. It has a special feature. Therefore, it is possible to provide a liquid crystal display device in which local unevenness of liquid crystal alignment due to the presence of a surface step and a large area is suppressed.
- the second liquid crystal alignment film of the present invention is a film on which unevenness is formed by a process including exposure.
- a photosensitive resin can be suitably used as a material for such a liquid crystal alignment film.
- a photosensitive resin that undergoes some change in its molecular structure, such as photocrosslinking, photomodification, photopolymerization, or photolysis, upon exposure.
- a resin used as a photoresist is preferable, and specifically, a resin containing a photosensitive polyimide is preferable.
- a transparent glass substrate or a resin substrate can be used, and more specifically, various glass substrates such as a soda lime silicate, a poro silicate, an alumino silicate, and various resin substrates such as a polyester film can be used. Can be used. By coating the photosensitive resin on the surface of such a substrate, a film can be formed.
- a photosensitive surfactant can be used as a raw material of the liquid crystal alignment film.
- a surfactant include a surfactant having a linear carbon chain containing a photopolymerizable functional group such as a diacetylene group or a acetylene group.
- the surfactants exemplified as the raw materials for the first liquid crystal alignment film of the present invention can be used.
- the second liquid crystal alignment film in the case where such a surfactant is used can adopt substantially the same embodiment as that described above as the first liquid crystal alignment film.
- the second liquid crystal alignment film does not necessarily have to be a monomolecular film.
- the photopolymerizable functional group contained in the linear carbon chain is polymerized by exposure.
- the polymerization by this exposure is selectively performed only in a predetermined area of the substrate, irregularities that did not exist before the polymerization occur between the portion where the photopolymerizable functional group is polymerized and the portion where the photopolymerizable functional group is not polymerized.
- irregularities extending in a certain direction are high-precision ones whose sizes are controlled at the molecular level, and are effective for improving the alignment regulating force for the liquid crystal.
- the translucent substrate used as a mask when exposing the coating has a plurality of grooves with a width and depth of 0.1 to 0.5 // m formed parallel to each other.
- the irregular pattern itself can impart orientation to the liquid crystal, and thus the irregular pattern is transferred to the coating film by exposure through the light-transmitting substrate. By doing so, the alignment regulating force for the liquid crystal can be further improved.
- Such a translucent substrate for exposure can be manufactured using the same material and processing method as those described in the embodiment of the first liquid crystal alignment film.
- FIG. 16 shows an embodiment of the second liquid crystal display device of the present invention.
- This liquid crystal display device has a structure substantially similar to that of the first liquid crystal display device of the present invention, except that the liquid crystal alignment film 127 is the second liquid crystal alignment film of the present invention. .
- the unevenness of the liquid crystal alignment film 127 is not formed by mechanical contact means such as rubbing, but is formed by means including exposure as described above. Has features. Therefore, it is possible to provide a liquid crystal display device in which local unevenness of liquid crystal alignment due to the presence of the surface step portion and the large area is suppressed.
- a monomolecular film-like coating is formed on a surface of a substrate on which electrodes are formed in advance and the electrode surface is rubbed directly or after an arbitrary thin film is formed. It is characterized.
- An arbitrary thin film that can be formed on the substrate surface includes, for example, a Sio 2 film. Rubbing can be carried out using a conventional rubbing cloth.
- a transparent glass substrate or a resin substrate can be used, and more specifically, various glass substrates such as soda lime silicate, poro silicate, and alumino silicate, and various resin substrates such as a polyester film can be used. Can be used.
- the substrate is preferably subjected to a treatment for increasing the number of hydrophilic groups present on the surface.
- treatments include, for example, a large number of
- the process of forming a film containing a SiOH group can be adopted.
- Such a coating can be formed by dissolving a compound containing a plurality of chlorosilyl groups to prepare an adsorption solution and bringing the substrate surface into contact with the adsorption solution.
- chlorosilyl groups of the hydroxyl group and Si Cl 4 contained in the substrate surface is dehydrochlorination reaction represented by the following formula (46) As shown in and Z or (47), molecules containing chlorosilane groups are immobilized on the substrate surface by siloxane bonds.
- 0-Substrate Further reacts with water in the air to convert chlorosilyl groups to hydroxyl groups, forming a chemical adsorption film containing a large number of hydroxyl groups on the surface as shown in formulas (48) and (49) below. Is done.
- chlorsilyl groups include, for example, SiCl 4 , Cl- (SiCl 2 0) 2 -SiCl 3 , and SiHCl ⁇ SiH. Cl 9, Cl- (n is an integer) (SiCl o 0) -SiClg the like.
- a surfactant molecule containing a carbon chain or a siloxane bond chain and having a functional group capable of controlling the surface energy of the film in a part thereof can be used.
- a surfactant molecule having a carbon chain or a siloxane bond chain having a substituent selected from a chlorosilane group, an alkoxysilane group, and an isocyanatosilane group at a terminal is preferable.
- Examples of the surfactant molecule containing a carbon chain having a terminal silane group at the terminal include compounds represented by the following general formulas (50) to (57).
- Ha (CH 0 ) SiCl (H a is chlorine, bromine, iodine, fluorine, etc.
- ⁇ is preferably an integer of 1 to 24.
- Examples of the surfactant containing a carbon chain having an alkoxysilyl group or an isocyanatesilyl group at the terminal include compounds represented by the following general formulas (58) to (64).
- surfactant having a siloxane bond chain containing a chlorosilyl group, an alkoxysilane group, or an isocyanatesilane group at the terminal include compounds represented by the following formulas (89) to (90).
- the surface energy of the alignment film can be controlled.
- Surfactant molecules are added to an organic solvent, preferably a non-aqueous organic solvent, to form a chemisorption liquid.
- a solvent containing an alkyl group, a fluorocarbon group, a carbon chloride group, a siloxane group, or the like can be used. More specifically, a hexadecane or a fluorocarbon group containing an alkyl group can be used.
- a non-aqueous solvent such as freon containing a carbon chloride group or hexamethyldisiloxane containing a siloxane group as a non-aqueous solvent.
- the chemically adsorbed liquid is brought into contact with the surface of the substrate to cause a chemical reaction between the surfactant molecules and the substrate surface, thereby forming a film on the substrate surface.
- a series of chemical reactions will be described below in the case where the surfactant molecule is a silane-based surfactant represented by the above formula (51) and the hydrophilic group on the substrate surface is a hydroxyl group.
- the film formed by such a process is a chemisorbed monomolecular film composed of a group of molecules having one end fixed to the surface of the substrate. Since they are bonded to each other, they have excellent properties such as peel resistance.
- a method of immersing the substrate in an adsorption liquid can be used.
- a method of removing the resist after performing the adsorption step on the entire surface can be used.
- the substrate is washed with an organic solvent, and the substrate is set in a desired direction and drained.
- the orientation of the liquid crystal alignment film can be improved by aligning the surfactant molecules fixed to the substrate in the direction of draining the solvent.
- the organic solvent for washing any solvent can be used as long as it does not contain water and dissolves a surfactant.
- the surfactant molecules fixed on the substrate can be re-oriented in the polarization direction by exposing through a polarizing film.
- the polarization direction does not completely intersect with the orientation direction before the reorientation at 90 °, but is preferably a little. It is better to shift it several degrees or more.
- the polarization direction can be adjusted so as to be at most parallel to the orientation direction before re-orientation. If they cross at 90 ° completely, each molecule may turn in two directions.
- FIG. 25 shows one embodiment of the third liquid crystal display device of the present invention.
- This liquid crystal display device has a first substrate 222 formed on a surface with a first electrode group 222 mounted on a matrix and a group of transistors 222 driving the electrodes. And a second substrate 2 26 having a second electrode 2 25 and a color filter group 2 2 4, and a first electrode group 2 2 1 and the like and a color filter group 2 2 4 are opposed to each other. And fixed with a spacer 228 and an adhesive 229.
- the liquid crystal alignment film 22 according to the present invention is provided on a surface including a region where electrodes, thin film transistors, color filters, and the like are formed on opposing surfaces of the first substrate 222 and the second substrate 222. 7 are formed.
- the liquid crystal alignment film 227 is formed so as to cover the electrodes and the like, and sandwiches the liquid crystal 230.
- Polarizing plates 2 3 1 and 2 3 are arranged on both sides of a panel composed of substrates 2 3 and 2 2 so as to sandwich this panel.
- the backlight 23 is radiated from the first substrate side of the device thus configured to the entire surface.
- the image is displayed in the direction of A.
- the alignment direction of the liquid crystal 230 is controlled in the rubbing direction.
- the pretilt angle of the liquid crystal 230 is controlled by the critical surface energy of the liquid crystal alignment film.
- the fourth liquid crystal alignment film of the present invention is a monomolecular film formed on the surface of a substrate on which a desired electrode is formed, and is characterized in that the surface of the film is rubbed. That is, in the third liquid crystal alignment film, rubbing is performed on the substrate surface before the step of forming a film constituting the liquid crystal alignment film, but instead, in the fourth liquid crystal alignment film, the liquid crystal alignment is performed. After the process of forming the film constituting the film, rubbing is performed on the surface of the film.
- the fourth liquid crystal alignment film can be manufactured by substantially the same material and method as the third liquid crystal alignment film of the present invention except for a rubbing step.
- the material for forming the liquid crystal alignment film includes a carbon chain or a siloxane bonding chain, and has at least a functional group for controlling the surface energy of the coating at the terminal or a part of the carbon chain or the siloxane bonding chain.
- One silane-based surfactant can be used.
- the formation of the film involves preparing a chemical adsorption solution using such a surfactant, and bringing the chemical adsorption solution into contact with the substrate to cause a chemical reaction between the surfactant molecules in the adsorption solution and the substrate surface.
- the substrate is brought into contact with the adsorbing liquid to fix the surfactant molecules, the substrate is washed with an organic solvent and the substrate is set in a desired direction to drain the liquid.
- the surfactant molecules fixed on the substrate and washed with the organic solvent are oriented in the direction of drainage of the washing organic solvent.
- a step of rubbing the surface of the surfactant film is subsequently performed. When applied, the surfactant molecules are oriented in the rubbing direction.
- the surfactant molecules fixed to the substrate can be realigned. The rubbing can be performed with a conventional rubbing cloth or the like.
- FIG. 34 shows an embodiment of the fourth liquid crystal display device of the present invention.
- This liquid crystal display device has substantially the same structure as the third liquid crystal display device of the present invention except that the liquid crystal alignment film 327 is the fourth liquid crystal alignment film of the present invention. .
- the alignment direction of the liquid crystal 330 is controlled to the rubbing direction.
- the pretilt angle of the liquid crystal 330 is controlled by the critical surface energy of the liquid crystal alignment film.
- the surface 11 of the acrylic transparent substrate 12 ultrasonically cleaned using a detergent is coated on a nylon cloth 13 (having a fiber diameter of 16 to 20 ⁇ m) having a higher hardness than the acrylic plate.
- the length of the bristles was 3 mm), and the substrate surface was rubbed in the same direction at a pressure of 0.4 mm and a speed of 50 OmZ.
- Observation of the substrate surface with a scanning electron microscope reveals that a large number of irregularities oriented substantially in the same direction are formed, and the width and depth of the concave portions (groove portions) are approximately 0.01 to 0.5 im. Range.
- nematic liquid crystal (ZLI4792) manufactured by Merck was applied to the surface of the transparent exposure mask fabricated in this way, the liquid crystal was aligned in the rubbing direction. It was confirmed that it had.
- a polycarbonate plate was used as a substrate instead of the acrylic plate, Rubbing with a rubbing cloth for forming a crystalline alignment film in the same manner as described above also has a liquid crystal alignment function.
- a substrate exposure mask
- a translucent substrate was produced in the same manner as described above except that a scotch sponge (manufactured by Sumitomo Sleem Co.) was used in place of the nylon cloth. Irregularities could be formed, but light transmission deteriorated.
- the width and depth of the groove formed on the surface were generally in the range of 1 to 10; / m.
- a light-transmitting substrate suitable as an exposure mask was manufactured according to the following examples.
- a resist film of PD UR-P-14 (manufactured by Tokyo Ohka Kogyo Co., Ltd.) is applied to the surface of an A4-size white glass substrate, which has been ultrasonically cleaned with a detergent, to a thickness of 0.5 wm to form a resist film. did.
- the entire surface of the resist film 16 was covered with a KrF excimer-laser exposure apparatus using a 5 cm square chrome mask 18 having a black / white pattern of 0.4 // m width. Exposure was performed by repeating a top and bottom beat exposure (100 mJ / cm 2 ). At this time, the mask was aligned so that the seams overlapped by several mm.
- the resist may be either a positive type or a negative type, as long as fine irregularities can be formed.
- the substrate is further etched by sputtering using Ar gas.
- the depth of the groove was increased by plasma etching using CF 4 gas or by using CF 4 gas, the aspect ratio of the groove could be increased, and the alignment control force could be improved.
- a glass plate or a quartz plate was used as the base material, similar results were obtained by chemical etching using a hydrofluoric acid-based solution.
- a glass substrate (having many hydroxyl groups on the surface) with a transparent electrode formed on the surface was prepared and thoroughly cleaned and degreased.
- a silane-based surfactant represented by the following chemical formula (93) and CH 3 SiCl 3 are mixed in a molar ratio of 1: 1. : 2 and the mixture was dissolved in a non-aqueous solvent so as to have a concentration of about 1% by weight to obtain a chemical adsorption solution.
- a non-aqueous solvent As a non-aqueous solvent at this time, well-dehydrated hexadene was used.
- the glass substrate 1 was immersed in the chemical adsorption solution 2 for about one hour in a dry atmosphere (relative humidity of 30% or less).
- the glass substrate 1 is lifted from the chemical adsorption solution 2 and washed with n-hexane 3 which is a well-dehydrated non-aqueous solvent as shown in Fig. 6, and the substrate is pulled up from the cleaning solution while the substrate is set upright.
- the liquid was drained in this state. Through this series of steps, a chemically adsorbed film having a thickness of about 2 nm was formed. Note that the adsorption liquid may be applied without being immersed.
- This chemisorptive film is composed of a chlorosilane-based surfactant represented by the above chemical formula (93) and chlorosilane groups contained in CH 3 SiCl 3 , This is a chemically adsorbed monolayer formed by the dehydrochlorination reaction between the hydroxyl group of the non-aqueous solvent and the linear hydrocarbon group contained in this monolayer, as in Figure 3. It is primarily oriented in the draining direction.
- an exposure mask 7 similar to the mask created in Example 1 was used so that the substrate lifting direction 5 and the rubbing direction 6 were almost perpendicular but not exactly perpendicular.
- the rubbing mask pattern was transferred to a monomolecular film by exposing it to a substrate and exposing it to ultraviolet light of 365 nm (UV light 8) at an intensity of 200 mJZcm.
- a first electrode group placed in a matrix and a first substrate having a transistor group for driving this electrode are arranged on the first substrate and opposed to the first electrode group.
- a monomolecular liquid crystal alignment film was manufactured in the same manner as in Example 3 on a second substrate having a color filter group and a second electrode mounted on the substrate.
- the first and second substrates were positioned so that the electrodes faced each other, and were fixed with a spacer and an adhesive so as to form a gap of about 5 / m. Then, after injecting the TN liquid crystal into the first and second substrates, a polarizing plate was combined to complete a display element.
- Such a device could display an image in the direction of arrow A by driving each transistor using a video signal while illuminating the entire surface of the backlight.
- a TN type liquid crystal display device By forming the films as alignment films on the surface of the substrate on which two electrodes facing each other are formed as in this embodiment, a TN type liquid crystal display device can be provided. Further, the method of the present embodiment was also applicable to an IPS (in-plane switching) type liquid crystal display device in which opposing electrodes are formed on one substrate surface other than the TN type liquid crystal display device. .
- IPS in-plane switching
- the step of superposing and exposing a mask having a pattern for dividing each pixel into four parts in a checkered pattern on the exposure mask is performed twice while changing the direction of the groove pattern, the same pixel is obtained. Within this area, four portions with different orientations could be provided in a pattern. Then, this alignment film was formed.
- the use of the substrate significantly improved the viewing angle of the liquid crystal display device.
- a borate glass substrate having a transparent electrode formed on the surface was prepared and washed and degreased well in advance.
- a photosensitive polyimide resin (Photonix made by Toray Industries, Inc.) was applied to form a coating having a thickness of 0.1 / m.
- the film 10 on the glass substrate 101 was irradiated with 365 nm ultraviolet rays 107 through an exposure mask 15 formed in the same manner as in Example 2. 4 was exposed in close contact with about 500 mJZ cm 2 .
- development and rinsing were performed using a special developing solution and rinsing solution, and the mask pattern of the exposure mask 15 was transferred to the polyimide resin film. As shown in FIG.
- the pitch (cycle) of the irregularities was about 0.8 / m (the width of each convex and concave part was about 0.4 / m), and the depth was about 0.05 m.
- a glass substrate (having many hydroxyl groups on the surface) with a transparent electrode formed on the surface was prepared and thoroughly cleaned and degreased.
- a silane-based surfactant represented by the following chemical formula (94) and CH 3 SiC are mixed at a molar ratio of 1: 2, and the mixture is mixed at a concentration of about 1% by weight.
- Example 8 In a dry atmosphere (relative humidity 30% or less), the glass substrate was immersed in this chemical adsorption solution for about 1 hour. The glass substrate was pulled up from the chemisorption liquid to form a chemisorption polymer film containing a surfactant molecule having a diacetylene group on the glass substrate surface. Next, in the same manner as in Example 6, the chemically adsorbed polymer film was exposed, developed, and rinsed. As a result, it was possible to obtain a film having the same liquid crystal orientation control force as in Example 6. (Example 8)
- a first electrode group placed in a matrix and a first substrate having a transistor group for driving the electrodes are formed on the first substrate and opposed to the first electrode group.
- a liquid crystal orientation film was manufactured in the same manner as in Example 6 on a second substrate having a color filter group and a second electrode placed in such a manner as described above.
- the first and second substrates were positioned so that the electrodes faced each other, and were fixed with a spacer and an adhesive so as to form a gap of about 5 czm.
- a display element was completed by combining a polarizing plate.
- Such a device could display an image in the direction of arrow A by driving each transistor using a video signal while illuminating the entire surface of the backlight.
- a TN type liquid crystal display device By forming the films as alignment films on the surface of the substrate on which two electrodes facing each other are formed as in this embodiment, a TN type liquid crystal display device can be provided. Further, the method of the present embodiment was also applicable to an IPS (in-plane switching) type liquid crystal display device in which opposing electrodes were formed on one substrate surface other than the TN type liquid crystal display device. (Example 9)
- a step of superposing and exposing a mask having a pattern in which each pixel is divided into four parts in a checkered pattern on the exposure mask is performed twice by changing the direction of the groove pattern. Within this area, four portions with different orientations could be provided in a pattern.
- the use of the substrate on which the alignment film was formed could greatly improve the viewing angle of the liquid crystal display device. (Example 10)
- a glass substrate was prepared 2 0 1 formed of a transparent electrode on the surface (including a large number of hydroxyl groups on the surface), was previously well washed degreasing, protection of S i 0 2 at about 0.1 of the thickness by using a sol-gel method After forming the film, it was cured by heating. After that, the surface was rubbed with a rubbing cloth made of rayon used in a general liquid crystal display device manufacturing factory at a pressing depth of 0.3 mm and a speed of 80 mZ in the desired orientation direction. .
- a silane-based surfactant containing a linear hydrocarbon group incorporating one functional group that controls the surface energy of the film at the end and Si (hereinafter also referred to as a chemisorbed compound), CH 3 (CH in 2) 14 SiCl 0 and NC (CH 2) 14 SiCl3 (molar ratio 1: were mixed with a) used in 1 to prepare a chemical adsorption solution was dissolved at a concentration of about 1% by weight of non-aqueous solvents . Hexadecane, which was well dehydrated, was used as the non-aqueous solvent.
- the solution prepared in this manner is referred to as an adsorption solution 202, and the substrate 201 is immersed (applied) in this adsorption solution 202 for about one hour in a dry atmosphere (relative humidity of 30% or less).
- a dry atmosphere relative humidity of 30% or less.
- Figure 17 After that, the substrate is pulled up from the adsorbent, washed with n-hexane 203, a well-dehydrated non-aqueous non-aqueous solvent, and then pulled up from the washing liquid with the substrate set in the desired direction (draining direction). The solution was drained and exposed to moist air (Fig. 18).
- the chlorosilane-based surfactant reacts to form a chemical bond via a covalent bond of siloxane to a portion of the surface of the substrate on which the chemical adsorption monomolecular film 204 has been previously rubbed, in which hydroxyl groups are contained.
- a monomolecular film was formed with a thickness of about 1.5 nm.
- the critical surface energy of the chemical adsorption film was about 27 mNZm.
- the straight-chain carbon hydrocarbon groups in the single-molecule film were oriented in the direction opposite to the draining / pulling-up direction (ie, the draining direction).
- a liquid crystal cell of 20 micron gap is assembled so that the liquid crystal molecules are aligned in an anti-parallel orientation, and a nematic liquid crystal (ZLI 4792; manufactured by Merck) is injected to check the alignment state. Instead of being oriented along the adsorbed molecules, they were oriented along the rubbing direction. The pretilt angle was almost oriented at about 65 ° with respect to the substrate, depending on the surface energy of the chemisorbed molecules (Fig. 19).
- the critical surface energy becomes From 2 OmNZm to 29 mNZm, the orientation direction was controlled by the rubbing direction, and each pretilt angle could be controlled arbitrarily within the range of 90 ° to 40 °.
- a surfactant containing fluorine as a chemisorbed compound for example, CF 3 (CF 2 ) 5 (CH 2 ) 2 SiCl, the critical surface energy could be reduced to 15 mNZm.
- the rubbing rubbed the Sio 2 protective film having a higher hardness than the generally used polyimide resin or the like formed in advance so that there was almost no damage.
- the reason that the orientation direction depends on the rubbing direction is that since the monomolecular film is extremely thin, unevenness at the molecular level of the underlying protective film formed by rubbing is not alleviated by the monomolecular film. It is considered that the rubbing effect affects the monomolecular film surface to determine the orientation direction. On the other hand, it was considered that the reason why the pretilt angle depended on the type of the formed monolayer was that the surface energy was different depending on the type of the monolayer.
- a silane-based surfactant having a different critical surface energy from the obtained film and having the same carbon chain length as-(CH 2 ) 14- was used. Different lengths (eg (CH 2 ) n- ; n ranges from 1 to 30 The use of a surfactant mixture further increased the pretilt angle alignment regulating force.
- a polarizing plate (HNP'B) 206 (manufactured by Volaroid) is used by using two substrates treated in the same manner so that the polarization direction 213 is oriented in a direction substantially perpendicular to the liquid pulling-up direction 205.
- HNP'B polarizing plate
- a liquid crystal cell of 20 micron gap is assembled by using two substrates in this state and combining them so that the chemisorption films face each other so that the irradiated part is anti-parallel aligned.
- the alignment state was confirmed by injecting, the injected liquid crystal molecules were aligned along the rubbing direction in the unirradiated portion, and were aligned along the polarization direction in the irradiated portion.
- light of 365 nm which is i-line of an ultra-high pressure mercury lamp was used as light for exposure, but it can be obtained with a KrF excimer laser according to the degree of light absorption of the film material. It was also possible to use light of 248 nm, light of 436 nm, 405 nm, and 254 nm. In particular, light of 248 ⁇ m or 254 nm has high alignment efficiency because it is easily absorbed by most substances.o (Example 11)
- Example 10 an adsorption solution prepared by dissolving a compound containing a plurality of chlorosilyl groups was prepared after the rubbing step and before the step of chemically adsorbing surfactant molecules containing a carbon chain or a siloxane bond chain, It was immersed in a dry atmosphere. Then, the chlorosilyl group of the compound containing a plurality of hydroxyl groups and chlorosilyl groups contained in the substrate surface was subjected to a dehydrochlorination reaction. After that, when it was further reacted with water, the remaining chlorosilyl groups were changed to hydroxyl groups, and a chemisorption film containing many hydroxyl groups was formed on the surface.
- SiC1 as a silyl compound containing multiple chloro groups
- dissolving it in n-octane to prepare an adsorbent solution, and immersing the substrate in a dry atmosphere the surface contains mono-OH groups. Therefore, a dehydrochlorination reaction occurs at the interface to form the following formula (99) and Z or (100), and the chlorosilane molecule 211 is fixed to the substrate surface via a —Si 0— bond.
- the siloxane monomolecular film 2 12 formed at this time was completely bonded to the substrate through a single chemical bond of S i 0, and thus did not peel off.
- the obtained monomolecular film had a large number of SiOH bonds on the surface, and about 2 to 3 times the number of initial 1OH groups was generated.
- the treated part in this state had extremely high hydrophilicity.
- a polarizing plate is placed on the substrate so that the polarization direction is oriented in a direction almost perpendicular to the draining and pulling direction, and the KrF excimer laser 248 nm light is used.
- the orientation direction of the linear carbon chain in the above-mentioned chemisorption monomolecular film was examined, the orientation direction was changed to a direction almost perpendicular to the liquid drainage pull-up direction, and the alignment variation was also improved. In the unirradiated part, the orientation direction of the linear carbon chain was not changed at all from that before irradiation.
- a liquid crystal cell with a 20-micron gap was assembled by using two substrates in this state and combining them so that the chemisorption films faced each other, so that the irradiated part was antiparallel aligned. (Merck) was injected, and the alignment state was confirmed. In the unirradiated part, the alignment direction remained parallel to the rubbing direction and remained unchanged. In the irradiated area, the injected liquid crystal molecules are oriented at a pretilt angle of about 45 ° with respect to the substrate along the polarization direction. Was confirmed ⁇
- Example 10 in place of CH 3 (CH 2 ) 1 / ( SiCl 3 and NC (CH 3 ) 2 (CH 2 ) 14 SiCl 3 as chemisorbing substances, ClSi (CH 3 ) 2 OSi (CH 3 ) When 2 OSi (CH 3 ) 2 OSi (CH 3 ) 2 Cl and CH 3 (CH 2 ) 14 SiCl 3 are mixed between 1 : 0 and 0: 1, the critical surface energy depends on the mixing ratio. In addition, when the cell was assembled and the same liquid crystal was injected, the alignment direction of the liquid crystal was parallel to the rubbing direction and the pretilt angle was 5 to 9 mN / m. Control was possible within a range of 0 degrees.
- the alignment direction of the liquid crystal was parallel to the rubbing direction, and the pretilt angle could be controlled in the range of 0 to 28 degrees.
- Example 10 CH was used as the chemisorbed substance.
- C * HCH3CH 2 OCO (CH 2 ) 1 () SiCl 3 (where is asymmetric carbon) and CH 3 SiCl 3 are mixed in a ratio of 1.0 to 1:20 to produce a similar alignment film did.
- the critical surface energy could be controlled in the range of 36 mNZm to 41 mNZm depending on the mixing ratio.
- the alignment direction of the liquid crystal was parallel to the rubbing direction, and the pretilt angle could be controlled in the range of 3 degrees to 0.1 degrees.
- a liquid crystal display device was actually manufactured using the above liquid crystal alignment film.
- a first substrate 223 having a first electrode group 221 placed in a matrix and a group of transistors 222 for driving the electrodes, and facing the first electrode group
- a second substrate 226 having a color filter group 224 and a second electrode 225 mounted as described above is prepared, and a protective film is formed, rubbed, chemically adsorbed, and the cleaning liquid is removed in the same manner as in Example 14.
- critical surface energy is 37mNZm Was prepared.
- the first and second substrates 223.226 are aligned so that the electrodes are opposed to each other and twist-aligned, and the spacers 228 and the adhesive agent 229 are used. It was fixed with a gap of about 5 microns.
- the TN liquid crystal 230 was injected into the first and second substrates and sealed, and then the display elements were completed by combining the polarizing plates 231, 2332. At this time, the pretilt angle of the injected liquid crystal was 3 degrees. The orientation of the liquid crystal was parallel to rubbing, that is, parallel to the electrode pattern.
- Such a device could display an image in the direction of arrow A by driving each transistor using a video signal while illuminating the entire surface of the backlight 233.
- Example 15 after the washing and the draining and pulling-up steps, a pattern-like mask that divides each pixel into four in a checkered pattern was further superimposed on the polarizing plate, and the irradiation in Example 11 was similarly performed once. In the same pixel, four portions with different orientations could be provided in a mosaic pattern.
- the use of a substrate on which the alignment film is formed can greatly improve the viewing angle of a liquid crystal display device.
- a silane-based surfactant containing a linear hydrocarbon group incorporating one functional group that controls the surface energy of the film at the end and Si (hereinafter also referred to as a chemisorbed substance or a chemisorbed compound).
- a chemisorbed substance or a chemisorbed compound As cm (cH 2 ) 14 sici 0 and NC (CH 2 ) 14 SiC And used in a non-aqueous solvent at a concentration of about 1% by weight to prepare a chemisorption solution.
- the non-aqueous solvent well-dehydrated hexadene was used.
- the solution thus prepared is used as an adsorption solution 302, and the substrate 301 is immersed in the adsorption solution 302 in a dry atmosphere (relative humidity 30% or less) for about 1 hour (may be coated). ( Figure 26). Then, the substrate is pulled up from the solution, washed with n-hexane 303, a non-aqueous solvent that does not contain water, which has been well dehydrated, and then with the substrate set in a desired direction, the substrate is pulled up from the cleaning solution to drain and drain the water. Exposure to air containing water ( Figure 27).
- N C-(CH 2 ) 14 — S i-0
- rubbing was carried out using a rubbing device set with rayon cloth at a pressure of 0.3 mm and 5 mZ, and rubbing was performed at 45 degrees to the pulling direction.
- the chemically adsorbed monomolecular film 304 formed by the reaction of the chlorosilane-based surfactant is bonded to the portion of the substrate surface containing the hydroxyl group in a state of being chemically bonded via a siloxane covalent bond.
- the bound molecules were oriented along the rubbing direction 305 to form a film having a thickness of about 1.3 nm (FIG. 28).
- the critical surface energy of the chemisorption film was about 25 mN / m.
- NC (CH 2 ) 14 SiCl 3 is 1: 0 to 0: When changed by 1 (preferably 10: 1 to 1:50), the critical surface energy changed from 17 mNZm to 26 mNZm, and the pretilt angle could be controlled arbitrarily from 86 ° to 33 °, respectively. Further, a surfactant containing fluorine as a chemisorbed compound, for example, CF 3 (CF.) 5 (CH.). As SiCl 3 was added, the critical surface energy was reduced to 15 mNZm. In this case, the liquid crystal had a pretilt angle of about 90 degrees, but when driven by applying a voltage, it showed a very uniform change in alignment.
- the critical surface energy of the obtained film surface was different, and the silane-based surfactant having the same carbon chain length as-(CH 2 ) 1; 1- was used. Carbon chain lengths are different (for example,-(CH 2 ) __-; n is an integer in the range of 1 to 30). Even if surfactants are mixed and used, if the critical surface energy is the same, the orientation direction is The rubbing direction could be controlled, and the pretilt angle could be similarly controlled by the critical surface energy of the monolayer.
- a polarizing plate (HN P'B) 306 manufactured by Volaroid is placed on the substrate so that the polarization direction 313 is oriented substantially perpendicular to the rubbing direction 305.
- the sample was irradiated with 900 mJ using 365 nm (i-line) light 7 (3.6 mW / cm 2 after passing through a polarizing film) from a 500 W ultra-high pressure mercury lamp (Fig. 29).
- reference numeral 309 denotes a transparent electrode.
- the orientation direction changes only in the irradiated part, and the in-plane changes.
- a plurality of portions having different alignment directions in a pattern in the alignment film that is, portions where the liquid crystal was aligned along the rubbing direction 300 and the polarization direction 313 could be provided.
- a monomolecular liquid crystal alignment film having a plurality of different alignment directions could be formed very easily in a pattern.
- a liquid crystal display device in which one pixel was multi-domain aligned could be provided.
- the light used for exposure was 365 nm, which is the i-line of an ultra-high pressure mercury lamp. It was also possible to use light at 248 nm, 248 nm, or 248 nm obtained with a KrF excimer laser. In particular, light at 248 nm and 254 nm was easily absorbed by most of the substances, and the energy orientation efficiency was high.
- Example 17 prior to the step of chemically adsorbing a surfactant molecule containing a carbon chain or a siloxane-bonded chain, an adsorption solution prepared by dissolving a compound containing a plurality of chlorosilyl groups was prepared in a dry atmosphere. Immersed. Then, the chlorosilyl group of the compound containing a plurality of hydroxyl groups and chlorosilyl groups contained in the substrate surface was subjected to a dehydrochlorination reaction.
- the siloxane monomolecular film 312 formed at this time is completely bonded to the substrate through a chemical bond of —Sio—, it does not peel off.
- the obtained monomolecular film has many SiOH bonds on the surface.
- the number of 10H groups was about 2 to 3 times the initial number.
- the treated part in this state had extremely high hydrophilicity. Therefore, in this state, when a chemical adsorption step is performed using the same surfactant as in Example 17, the same chemical-adsorbed monomolecular film containing a carbon chain as shown in FIG.
- the film was formed to a thickness of about 1.5 nm in a state in which the siloxane was chemically bonded through a monomolecular film 312 through a covalent bond of siloxane.
- the adsorption site (OH group in this case) on the surface of the base material before the surfactant was adsorbed was about 2-3 times as large as that in Example 17; In comparison, the density of adsorbed molecules could be increased.
- the treatment department became lipophilic.
- Example 17 in place of CH 3 (CH 2 ) 1 SiCl 3 and NC (CH 3 ) 2 (CH 2 ) 14 SiCl 3 as chemisorbing substances, ClSi (CH 3 ) 2 OSi (CH 3 ) 2 OSi When (CH 3 ) 2 OSi (CH 3 ) 2 Cl and are used in a mixture of 1: 0 to 0: 1, the criticality is
- the surface energy could be controlled in the range from 35 mNZm to 21 mNZm depending on the mixing ratio. Furthermore, when the cell was assembled and liquid crystal was injected as in the case of the cell, the pretilt angle could be controlled in the range of 5 to 89 degrees.
- ClSi containing linear siloxane bonding chain (CH 3) 2 OSi (CH 3) 2 OSi (CH 3) 2 OSi (CH 3) 2 OSi (CH 3) 2 Cl and CH 3 including a linear hydrocarbon chain
- a film is prepared by mixing (CH n ) SiC at a desired ratio, a chemically adsorbed monomolecular film containing molecules represented by the following formulas (113) and (114) according to the mixing ratio is formed on the surface. was gotten.
- Example 17 instead of CH 3 (CH 9 ) 14 SiCl 3 and NC (CH 3 ) 0 (CH 2 ) 14 SiCl 3 as chemisorbing substances, HOOC (CH 2 ) 16 Si (OCH ⁇ and Br (CH 0 ) g Si (OCHg) was used as a mixture between 1: 0 and 0 : 1 and refluxed at 100 ° C for 2 hours during chemisorption.
- the critical surface energy depends on the mixing ratio.
- the alignment direction of the liquid crystal was controlled by the rubbing direction, and the pretilt angle was in the range of 0 to 27 degrees.
- Example 17 instead of CH n (CH 2 ) 14 SiCl 3 and NC (CH 3 ) 9 (CH 2 ) 14 SiCl 3 as chemisorbents, CH 3 CH 2 C, 'HCH 3 CHiffOCO (CH 2 ) 10 SiCl 3 (where is asymmetric carbon) and CH 3 SiCl 3 were mixed at a ratio of 1 ′ ⁇ 0 to 1:20 to prepare a similar alignment film.
- the critical surface energy could be controlled in the range of 36 mNZm to 41 mNZm depending on the mixing ratio.
- the alignment direction of the liquid crystal was controlled by the rubbing direction, and the pretilt angle was 3 It could be controlled in the range of degrees to 0.1 degrees.
- a liquid crystal display device was actually manufactured using the above liquid crystal alignment film.
- the prepared chemical adsorption solution is applied on the second substrate 326 having the color filter group 324 and the second electrode 325 placed according to the same procedure as in Example 5, and the real surface energy is reduced to 36.
- mNZm chemisorbed monolayers were prepared. Thereafter, rubbing was performed under the same conditions as in Example 17 so as to be parallel to the electrode pattern.
- a liquid crystal alignment film 327 having a critical surface energy of 37 mN / m in which linear hydrocarbon groups were realigned along the electrode pattern was produced.
- the first and second substrates 32 3 and 22 26 are positioned so that the electrodes face each other, and the spacer 3 28 and the adhesive 3 29 are mixed with each other for approximately 5 ⁇ m. It was fixed with a gap.
- a display element was completed by combining the polarizing plates 331 and 332. At this time, the pretilt angle of the injected liquid crystal was 3 degrees.
- Such a device could display an image in the direction of arrow A by driving each transistor using a video signal while illuminating the entire surface with the backlight 33 33.
- Example 22 After the rubbing step in Example 22 and the same as in Example 17, a step of superposing and exposing a pattern-like mask for dividing each pixel into four parts in a checkered manner on the polarizing plate is performed once, thereby obtaining the same pixel. As a result, four portions with different orientations could be provided in a pattern.
- the use of the substrate on which the alignment film was formed could greatly improve the viewing angle of the liquid crystal display device.
- liquid crystal alignment film of the present invention uniformity of liquid crystal alignment is maintained well even on a substrate having a large-area panel or a substrate having a stepped portion, and a film having a high peeling effect is further improved.
- a liquid crystal display device of the present invention by using such a liquid crystal alignment film as a constituent element, a liquid crystal can be formed even on a stepped portion on a large-sized panel or substrate surface. The uniformity of the alignment film is not deteriorated, and the alignment of the liquid crystal can be maintained well.
- the method for producing a liquid crystal alignment film of the present invention it is possible to efficiently and rationally produce a liquid crystal alignment film having good uniformity even at a stepped portion on a large-sized panel or substrate surface. it can.
- the increase in the area of the panel and the step on the substrate surface do not basically affect the uniformity of the orientation, and the production efficiency does not basically decrease even if the area of the panel increases. .
- the production method of the present invention can be easily and efficiently performed, and according to the light-transmitting substrate for exposure of the present invention, The translucent substrate for exposure can be manufactured extremely easily.
- the orientation direction of the liquid crystal is controlled by the rubbing direction, and the pretilt angle of the liquid crystal is controlled by the surface energy of the monomolecular film. It can be provided reasonably well.
- the liquid crystal alignment film by performing a step of exposing a polarizing plate with a patterned mask, it is possible to provide a plurality of portions in the alignment film in the same plane that differ only in the patterned alignment direction.
- the Sio formed on the electrode or the electrode is different from a conventional case where a resin is rubbed to form an alignment film. Since the protective film is hard, the occurrence of defects is reduced, and an alignment film having a desired tilt angle can be obtained. Therefore, the effect of providing a liquid crystal display device with high yield, extremely low cost, high reliability, and excellent display performance can be provided. is there.
- the alignment film formed by adsorption can incorporate a liquid crystal having a specific surface energy, such as a nematic liquid crystal or a ferroelectric liquid crystal.
- the substrate on which the electrode is formed is provided with at least one functional group that includes a carbon chain or a siloxane bond chain and controls the surface energy of the coating at the terminal or a part of the carbon chain or the siloxane bond chain.
- the silane-based surfactant contained in the solution is brought into contact with a chemically adsorbed liquid, and the surfactant molecules in the adsorbed liquid are chemically reacted with the substrate surface, so that the surfactant molecule is put on the substrate surface.
- the patterning mask is overlaid on the polarizing plate and exposed multiple times after the rubbing step, it is possible to provide a plurality of portions in the alignment film in the same plane that differ only in the patterning orientation. It is possible to efficiently and rationally produce a multi-domain liquid crystal display device in which the alignment of individual pixels is divided into a plurality of types, which is difficult with rubbing as described above.
- an extremely reliable liquid crystal display device can be provided. Since the alignment film formed by adsorption can incorporate a liquid crystal having a specific surface energy, such as a nematic liquid crystal or a ferroelectric liquid crystal, not only the control of the alignment direction and the tilt angle but also the alignment control force is large. An alignment film can be efficiently and rationally manufactured.
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Description
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Applications Claiming Priority (8)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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JP13541497A JPH10325957A (ja) | 1997-05-26 | 1997-05-26 | 液晶配向膜とその製造方法、その製造のための透光性基板とその製造方法、および液晶表示装置 |
JP9/135413 | 1997-05-26 | ||
JP13541397A JPH10325956A (ja) | 1997-05-26 | 1997-05-26 | 液晶配向膜とその製造方法およびその配向膜を用いた液晶表示装置 |
JP9/135414 | 1997-05-26 | ||
JP14827597A JPH10339877A (ja) | 1997-06-05 | 1997-06-05 | 液晶配向膜とその製造方法およびそれを用いた液晶表示装置とその製造方法 |
JP9/148274 | 1997-06-05 | ||
JP9/148275 | 1997-06-05 | ||
JP14827497A JPH10339876A (ja) | 1997-06-05 | 1997-06-05 | 液晶配向膜とその製造方法およびそれを用いた液晶表示装置とその製造方法 |
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KR (1) | KR20000029598A (ja) |
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JP5626510B2 (ja) * | 2009-02-18 | 2014-11-19 | Jsr株式会社 | 液晶配向剤、液晶配向膜の形成方法および液晶表示素子の製造方法 |
CA2784758C (en) * | 2009-12-22 | 2014-12-09 | Dic Corporation | Modified microfibrillated cellulose and resin composite material containing the same |
CN102081250A (zh) * | 2010-11-23 | 2011-06-01 | 深圳市华星光电技术有限公司 | 显示面板及显示装置的制造方法 |
WO2014125470A1 (en) * | 2013-02-18 | 2014-08-21 | Orbotech Ltd. | Two-step, direct- write laser metallization |
CN105431770B (zh) * | 2013-05-31 | 2021-06-04 | 日产化学工业株式会社 | 具有横向电场驱动型液晶表示元件用液晶取向膜的基板的制造方法 |
US9995967B2 (en) * | 2014-07-29 | 2018-06-12 | Sharp Kabushiki Kaisha | Liquid crystal display device |
KR102297205B1 (ko) | 2015-01-09 | 2021-09-01 | 삼성전자주식회사 | 광학 필름용 조성물, 필름 및 표시 장치 |
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CN107463029B (zh) * | 2017-08-25 | 2020-11-24 | 深圳市华星光电技术有限公司 | 自取向液晶显示面板及其制作方法 |
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JPH04356020A (ja) * | 1990-09-17 | 1992-12-09 | Matsushita Electric Ind Co Ltd | 液晶配向膜及びその製造方法並びに液晶表示装置及びその製造方法 |
JPH05273558A (ja) * | 1992-03-26 | 1993-10-22 | Canon Inc | 液晶素子 |
JPH0634976A (ja) * | 1992-07-21 | 1994-02-10 | Toshiba Corp | 液晶表示素子 |
JPH06138640A (ja) * | 1992-10-28 | 1994-05-20 | Yamaha Corp | ホトマスクの製法 |
JPH06222366A (ja) * | 1992-12-04 | 1994-08-12 | Fujitsu Ltd | 液晶表示装置及びその製造方法 |
JPH07114029A (ja) * | 1993-10-18 | 1995-05-02 | Matsushita Electric Ind Co Ltd | 液晶配向膜及びその製造方法並びに液晶表示装置 |
JPH07281420A (ja) * | 1994-04-04 | 1995-10-27 | Sekisui Chem Co Ltd | フォトマスク保護用粘着フイルム |
JPH07318942A (ja) * | 1994-05-27 | 1995-12-08 | Sharp Corp | 液晶表示装置、その製造方法およびその製造装置 |
-
1998
- 1998-05-21 CN CN98801052A patent/CN1234877A/zh active Pending
- 1998-05-21 KR KR1019997000662A patent/KR20000029598A/ko not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1998-05-21 WO PCT/JP1998/002254 patent/WO1998054617A1/ja not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1998-05-22 TW TW087107943A patent/TW459157B/zh not_active IP Right Cessation
Patent Citations (13)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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JPH023015A (ja) * | 1988-06-17 | 1990-01-08 | Nec Corp | 強誘電性液晶素子の製造方法 |
JPH02269318A (ja) * | 1989-04-11 | 1990-11-02 | Citizen Watch Co Ltd | 強誘電性液晶素子の配向膜の製造方法 |
JPH03282547A (ja) * | 1990-03-30 | 1991-12-12 | Tanaka Kikinzoku Kogyo Kk | 印刷回路板の印刷用マスクの製造方法 |
JPH04356020A (ja) * | 1990-09-17 | 1992-12-09 | Matsushita Electric Ind Co Ltd | 液晶配向膜及びその製造方法並びに液晶表示装置及びその製造方法 |
JPH04190328A (ja) * | 1990-11-26 | 1992-07-08 | Matsushita Electric Ind Co Ltd | 強誘電性液晶表示素子とその製造法 |
JPH04353827A (ja) * | 1991-05-31 | 1992-12-08 | Casio Comput Co Ltd | 液晶表示素子 |
JPH05273558A (ja) * | 1992-03-26 | 1993-10-22 | Canon Inc | 液晶素子 |
JPH0634976A (ja) * | 1992-07-21 | 1994-02-10 | Toshiba Corp | 液晶表示素子 |
JPH06138640A (ja) * | 1992-10-28 | 1994-05-20 | Yamaha Corp | ホトマスクの製法 |
JPH06222366A (ja) * | 1992-12-04 | 1994-08-12 | Fujitsu Ltd | 液晶表示装置及びその製造方法 |
JPH07114029A (ja) * | 1993-10-18 | 1995-05-02 | Matsushita Electric Ind Co Ltd | 液晶配向膜及びその製造方法並びに液晶表示装置 |
JPH07281420A (ja) * | 1994-04-04 | 1995-10-27 | Sekisui Chem Co Ltd | フォトマスク保護用粘着フイルム |
JPH07318942A (ja) * | 1994-05-27 | 1995-12-08 | Sharp Corp | 液晶表示装置、その製造方法およびその製造装置 |
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO2001016646A1 (fr) * | 1999-09-01 | 2001-03-08 | Matsushita Electric Industrial Co., Ltd. | Panneau d'affichage a cristaux liquides et son procede de production |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
CN1234877A (zh) | 1999-11-10 |
TW459157B (en) | 2001-10-11 |
KR20000029598A (ko) | 2000-05-25 |
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