Classifications

• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
  • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
  • C04B41/00—After-treatment of mortars, concrete, artificial stone or ceramics; Treatment of natural stone
  • C04B41/009—After-treatment of mortars, concrete, artificial stone or ceramics; Treatment of natural stone characterised by the material treated
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
  • B05D—PROCESSES FOR APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
  • B05D1/00—Processes for applying liquids or other fluent materials
  • B05D1/36—Successively applying liquids or other fluent materials, e.g. without intermediate treatment
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
  • B05D—PROCESSES FOR APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
  • B05D7/00—Processes, other than flocking, specially adapted for applying liquids or other fluent materials to particular surfaces or for applying particular liquids or other fluent materials
  • B05D7/50—Multilayers
  • B05D7/52—Two layers
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
  • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
  • C04B41/00—After-treatment of mortars, concrete, artificial stone or ceramics; Treatment of natural stone
  • C04B41/45—Coating or impregnating, e.g. injection in masonry, partial coating of green or fired ceramics, organic coating compositions for adhering together two concrete elements
  • C04B41/46—Coating or impregnating, e.g. injection in masonry, partial coating of green or fired ceramics, organic coating compositions for adhering together two concrete elements with organic materials
  • C04B41/48—Macromolecular compounds
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
  • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
  • C04B41/00—After-treatment of mortars, concrete, artificial stone or ceramics; Treatment of natural stone
  • C04B41/60—After-treatment of mortars, concrete, artificial stone or ceramics; Treatment of natural stone of only artificial stone
  • C04B41/61—Coating or impregnation
  • C04B41/62—Coating or impregnation with organic materials
  • C04B41/63—Macromolecular compounds
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • C09D—COATING COMPOSITIONS, e.g. PAINTS, VARNISHES OR LACQUERS; FILLING PASTES; CHEMICAL PAINT OR INK REMOVERS; INKS; CORRECTING FLUIDS; WOODSTAINS; PASTES OR SOLIDS FOR COLOURING OR PRINTING; USE OF MATERIALS THEREFOR
  • C09D133/00—Coating compositions based on homopolymers or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by only one carboxyl radical, or of salts, anhydrides, esters, amides, imides, or nitriles thereof; Coating compositions based on derivatives of such polymers
  • C09D133/04—Homopolymers or copolymers of esters
  • C09D133/06—Homopolymers or copolymers of esters of esters containing only carbon, hydrogen and oxygen, the oxygen atom being present only as part of the carboxyl radical
  • C09D133/062—Copolymers with monomers not covered by C09D133/06
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
  • C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
  • C08L33/00—Compositions of homopolymers or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and only one being terminated by only one carboxyl radical, or of salts, anhydrides, esters, amides, imides or nitriles thereof; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers
  • C08L33/04—Homopolymers or copolymers of esters
  • C08L33/06—Homopolymers or copolymers of esters of esters containing only carbon, hydrogen and oxygen, which oxygen atoms are present only as part of the carboxyl radical
  • C08L33/062—Copolymers with monomers not covered by C08L33/06
  • C08L33/064—Copolymers with monomers not covered by C08L33/06 containing anhydride, COOH or COOM groups, with M being metal or onium-cation
• • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
  • Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y10S526/00—Synthetic resins or natural rubbers -- part of the class 520 series
  • Y10S526/923—Ethylenic monomers containing at least one salt group

Definitions

• the present invention relates to a stable aqueous dispersion that forms a water- resistant fast-setting coating when applied to a suitable substrate.
• Coatings are generally used to provide a protective barrier for applications such as floors, automobiles, exteriors and interiors of houses, as well as painted roads.
• Protective coatings for floors, for example, have been known since the mid 1950s. Many of the early coating materials were applied using petroleum- or naphthene-based solvents, and as such were undesirable due to the toxicity and flammability of these solvents.
• Water-based synthetic emulsion compositions such as styrene resin emulsions, styrene-acrylate copolymer resin emulsions, and acrylate emulsions, developed in the early 1960s, gradually replaced organic solvent-based compositions.
• the water-based compositions are preferable to organic solvent-based compositions for safety and environmental reasons, coatings prepared from water-based compositions require long drying times. During drying, the coatings are susceptible to a number of events that may produce a defective coating, such as drips, sags and runs. Moreover, until the coating is set, it is vulnerable to contamination by dust or water contact, which may also lead to a marred coating. These effects can be minimized by the use of volatile cosolvents which accelerate the drying process, but the cosolvents reintroduce environmental problems that the water- based systems were designed to address.
• the present invention addresses a need in the art by providing a way to prepare coatings that set quickly upon contact with a substrate.
• the present invention is a coated material comprising a substrate having a surface and a coating thereupon, wherein the coating is prepared by any of the steps of: a) contacting the surface of the substrate with a stable aqueous dispersion that contains a polymer having pendant strong cationic groups and pendant weak acid groups; or b) contacting the surface of the substrate with a stable aqueous dispersion containing a first polymer having pendant strong cationic groups, and a stable aqueous dispersion of a second polymer having pendant weak acid groups, the contact of the polymers with the surface being made in any order or concurrently; with the proviso that when the coating is prepared by the method of (a), the surface of the substrate is, or is treated to be, sufficiently basic so that the stable aqueous dispersion sets in less time than the time required for a latex that only has pendant strong
• the present invention is a method of preparing a fast-setting coating on a substrate having a surface comprising either of the steps of: a) contacting the surface of a substrate with a stable aqueous dispersion that contains a polymer having pendant strong cationic groups, and pendant weak acid groups; or b) contacting the surface of the substrate with a stable aqueous dispersion that contains a first polymer having strong cationic groups, and a stable aqueous dispersion that contains a second polymer having weak acid groups, the contact of the polymers with the surface being made in any order or concurrently;
• the fast-setting coating is prepared by the method of (a)
• the surface of the substrate is, or is treated to be, sufficiently basic so that the stable aqueous dispersion sets in less time than the time required for a latex that only contains pendant strong cation groups or pendant weak acid groups to set.
• the present invention is a stable aqueous dispersion comprising a polymer having strong cationic groups, weak acid groups, and structural units formed from the polymerization of a non-interfering monomer, wherein the ratio of structural units formed from the polymerization of the non-interfering polymerizable monomer to strong cationic groups and the weak acid groups is from 70:30 to 99:1 , with the proviso that the strong cationic groups are associated with non-alkaline counterions.
• the fast-setting coated material of the present invention can be prepared by contacting a substrate with a stable aqueous dispersion that contains a polymer having structural units formed from the polymerization of: a) a polymerizable strong cationic monomer, and b) a polymerizable weak acid monomer.
• the substrate is, or is treated to be, sufficiently basic that the stable aqueous dispersion sets in a time that is less than the time required for a latex that only contains pendant strong cation groups or pendant weak acid groups to set.
• a coating "sets" or is "dry-to-the-touch” when it has formed a skin with sufficient mechanical integrity such that no portion of the skin is removed when it is touched lightly with a finger, and no portion is washed off the substrate when rinsed under a light stream of water.
• polymerizable strong cationic monomer refers to a monomer that contains ethylenic unsaturation and a cationic group having a charge that is independent of pH.
• polymerizable weak acid monomer refers to a monomer that contains ethylenic unsaturation and an acid group having a pK a in the range of 2 to 10.
• structural units formed from the polymerization of " is illustrated by the following example:
• the polymer in addition to structural units formed from the polymerization of a polymerizable strong cationic monomer and a polymerizable weak acid monomer, the polymer also preferably includes structural units formed from the polymerization of a polymerizable non- interfering monomer.
• polymerizable non-interfering monomer is used herein to refer to a monomer that does not adversely affect the fast-setting nature of a coating prepared from the stable aqueous dispersion of the polymer.
• Polymerizable weak acid monomers that are suitable for the preparation of stable aqueous dispersion used to prepare the water-resistant fast-setting coating include ethylenically unsaturated compounds having carboxylic acid, phenolic, thiophenolic, or phosphinyl functionality.
• Preferred polymerizable weak acid monomers include acrylic acid, methacrylic acid, itaconic acid, ⁇ -carboxyethyl acrylate (usually as a mixture of acrylic acid oligomers), vinylbenzoic acid, and 2-propenoic acid: 2-methyl-, (hydroxyphosphinyl) methyl ester.
• Acrylic acid and methacrylic acid are more preferred weak acid monomers.
• the polymerizable strong cationic monomer is associated with a non-alkaline counterion, which may be, for example, halide such as chloride, bromide, or iodide, as well as nitrate or sulfate.
• a non-alkaline counterion refers to a counterion that does not cause sufficient ionization of the weak acid to render the stable aqueous dispersion unstable.
• a bicarbonate counterion would not be appropriate if a carboxylic acid were the weak acid, since this counterion would, in sufficient quantity, raise the pH of the stable aqueous dispersion to an unstable level.
• Suitable polymerizable strong cationic monomers include salts of ethylenically unsaturated compounds having quaternary ammonium, sulfonium, cyclic sulfonium, and phosphonium functionality.
• suitable monomers having quaternary ammonium functionality include ethylenically unsaturated trialkylammonium salts such as vinylbenzyl tri- C,-C 4 -alkylammonium chloride or bromide; trialkylammoniumalkyl acrylates or methacrylates such as 2-[(methacryloyloxy)ethyl]-trimethylammonium chloride and N,N-diethyl-N-methyl-2- [(1-oxo-2-propenyl)oxy] ethanaminium methyl sulfate (Chem.
• a preferred polymerizable quaternary ammonium salt is 2-[(methacryloyloxy)ethyl]trimethylammonium chloride.
• polymerizable unsaturated sulfonium salts include dialkylsulfonium salts such as [4-ethoxy-3-(ethoxycarbonyl)-2-methylene-4-oxobutyl]dimethylsulfonium bromide (Chem. Abstracts Reg. No. 63810-34-4); and vinylbenzyl dialkylsulfonium salts such as vinylbenzyl dimethylsulfonium chloride.
• polymerizable cyclic sulfonium salts include 1-[4-[(ethenylphenyl)methoxy]phenyl]tetrahydro-2H-thiopyranium chloride (Chem. Abstracts Reg. No. 93926-67-1 ), and vinylbenzyl tetrahydrothio-phenonium chloride, which can be prepared by the reaction of vinylbenzyl chloride with tetrahydrothiophene.
• polymerizable phosphonium salts examples include 2-methacryloxyethyltri-C ] -C 20 - alkyl-, aralkyl-, or aryl-phosphonium salts such as 2-methacryloxyethyltri-n- octadecylphosphonium halide (Chem. Abstracts Reg. No. 166740-88-1 ); tri-C,-C ]8 -alkyl-, aralkyl-, or aryl-vinylbenzylphosphonium salts such as trioctyl-3-vinylbenzylphosphonium chloride, trioctyl-4-vinylbenzylphosphonium chloride (Chem. Abstracts Reg. No. 15138-12-4), tributyl-3-vinylbenzylphosphonium chloride, tributyl-4-vinylbenzylphosphonium chloride
• An example of a polymerizable monomer that contains both a weak acid group and a strong cationic group is N-(4-carboxy)benzyl-N,N-dimethyl-2-[(2-methyl-1-oxo-2-propenyl)- oxy] ethanaminium chloride.
• a polymerizable monomer having a weak acid group can be copolymerized with a polymerizable non-interfering monomer containing an electrophilic group, such as a vinylbenzyl halide or a glycidyl methacrylate, to form a polymer having a weak acid group and an electrophilic group.
• an electrophilic group such as a vinylbenzyl halide or a glycidyl methacrylate
• This polymer can then be post-reacted with a nucleophile such as a tertiary amine or a dialkyl sulfide, which can displace the halide group or oxirane groups and form a benzylonium salt as illustrated:
• A is a pendant weak acid group
• Ar is an aromatic group, preferably a phenyl group
• L is a leaving group, preferably a halide group, more preferably a chloride group
• Nu is preferably a dialkyl sulfide such as dimethyl sulfide and diethyl sulfide; a cyclic sulfide such as tetrahydrothiophene; or a tertiary amine such as trimethyl amine, triethyl amine, tripropyl amine, tributyl amine, and triethanol amine.
• a polymer backbone that contains pendant acid groups and a tertiary amine or a sulfide can be post-reacted with a suitable alkylating reagent such as an alkyl halide to form a polymer that contains acid groups and strong cationic groups:
• RL is an alkylating reagent
• non-interfering polymerizable monomers examples include acrylates such as methyl acrylate, ethyl acrylate, butyl acrylate, 2-hydroxyethyl acrylate, 2-hydroxypropyl acrylate, glycidyl acrylate, and allyl acrylate; methacrylates such as methyl methacrylate, ethyl methacrylate, butyl methacrylate, allyl methacrylate, glycidyl methacrylate, 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate, and 2-hydroxypropyl methacrylate; alkenyl aromatic hydrocarbons such as 4-methacryloxy-2-hydroxy-benzophenone and 2-(2'-hydroxy-5- methacrylyloxyethylphenyl)-2H-benzotriazole; and C,-C 4 -alkyl- or alkenyl-substituted styrenes, preferably styrene, ⁇ -methylstyrene, vinyl
• non-interfering species include C 3 -C 18 -perfluoroalkyl methacrylates such as 2-(perfluorooctyl)ethyl methacrylate; C 3 -C 18 -perfluoroalkyl acrylates such as 2-[ethyl[(heptadecafluorooctyl)-sulfonyl]amino]ethyl 2-propenoate; and C 3 -C 18 -perfluoro-alkyl vinylbenzenes. (See U.S. Patent 4,929,666, column 4, lines 54 to 68, and column 5, lines 1 to 30.)
• the ratio of the pendant weak acid groups to the pendant strong cationic groups is application dependent, but is generally in the range of 4:1 to 1 :4.
• the ratio of the structural units formed from the polymerization of the polymerizable non-interfering monomer to the weak acid groups and the strong cationic groups varies depending on the percent solids of the stable aqueous dispersion, but is preferably not less than 70:30, more preferably not less than 80:20, more preferably not less than 90:10, and most preferably not less than 94:6; and preferably not greater than 99.5:0.5, more preferably not greater than 99:1 , and most preferably not greater than 98:2.
• the solids content of the stable aqueous dispersion is application dependent, but preferably not less than 10, more preferably not less than 20, and most preferably not less than 30 weight percent, and preferably not more than 60, more preferably not more than 55, and most preferably not more than 50 weight percent.
• the stable aqueous dispersion can be prepared by any suitable means, and is advantageously prepared by the steps of: 1) preparing a seed latex; 2) diluting the seed latex with water; 3) contacting the diluted solution with a radical initiator, a polymerizable non-interfering monomer, a polymerizable weak acid monomer, and a strong cationic monomer; and 4) polymerizing the solution from step 3 under such conditions to form a stable aqueous dispersion having non-interfering groups, pendant strong cationic groups, and pendant weak acid groups.
• the seed latex is preferably prepared by emulsion polymerization in a batch process using a cationic surfactant.
• the seed latex acts as a locus of polymerization for subsequent monomer addition, so that the formation of new particles is minimized and greater uniformity in the distribution of particle size in the final product is achieved.
• the monomer or monomers used to prepare the seed latex are chosen to form particles that have an affinity for the monomers subsequently added, so that polymerization occurs preferentially in or on the seed latex particles.
• the extent to which the seed latex is diluted in step 2 is a function of the desired particle size and the percent solids in the final latex, and can be readily determined by one of ordinary skill in the art.
• a stable aqueous dispersion from a preformed polymer.
• the preformed polymer can be dissolved in a suitable solvent, then dispersed in water by any suitable method.
• the solvent can then be removed and the solids content adjusted to form a so-called artificial latex.
• the stable aqueous dispersion may optionally contain fillers, pigments, dyes, fungicides, bactericides, thickeners, coalescing aids, and defoamers, that do not cause premature coagulation of the dispersion.
• Fillers may include clays, silica, ceramics, and other stable aqueous dispersions.
• a fast-setting coated material can be prepared when the stable aqueous dispersion that contains the polymer having the strong cationic groups, the weak acid groups, and optionally, structural units formed from the polymerization of the polymerizable non- interfering monomer, is contacted with a substrate having a contact surface which is, or is treated to be, sufficiently basic so that the stable aqueous dispersion sets in less than the time required for a latex that only contains pendant strong cation groups or pendant weak acid groups (but not both) to set, preferably within 5 minutes, and more preferably within 3 minutes, and most preferably within 1 minute.
• the basicity of the substrate required to cause the dispersion to set rapidly depends on the pK a of the weak acid groups on the polymer. The lower the pK a of the weak acid, the weaker the base required to cause rapid setting. The stronger the base and the higher the concentration of the base, the faster the setting.
• the rapid dry-to-the-touch coating is formed by a coacervation process.
• the basic substrate acts as a proton sink by extracting protons from the weak acid groups to form the conjugate base, which can then bind irreversibly and rapidly with the strong cationic group to form an irreversible crosslinking network.
• This crosslinked network is believed to represent the coating after it has set.
• B " is a basic moiety that is associated with the substrate.
• the conjugate acid of B " preferably has a higher pK a than the weak acid (which is a carboxylic acid group in the illustration).
• the weak acid which is a carboxylic acid group in the illustration.
• the conjugate acid BH may actually have a pK a that is the same as, or lower than, the pK a of the weak acid, presumably because once the proton is abstracted by B ⁇ , the process is irreversible.
• An indication of the surface basicity may be provided, for example, by contacting the surface of the substrate with water-wetted pH paper.
• the pH necessary to induce coacervation will be depend on the pK a of the weak acid; for a polymer containing pendant carboxylic acid units, for example, the pH of the water in contact with the substrate is not less than 6, more preferably not less than 8, and most preferably not less than 10.
• the substrate may be inherently basic. Such substrates include cementatious materials such as Portland cement, aluminous cement, inorganic mortar, or cementatious fiber board.
• the substrate if not inherently basic, may be treated to be sufficiently basic to cause the coated material to quickly set.
• the surface of the substrate may be treated with an aqueous solution having a pH that is greater than the pK a of the weak acid, prior to, or concurrent with, the application of the stable aqueous dispersion of the polymer to the surface of the substrate.
• Such basic aqueous solutions include, but are not restricted to, alkali metal and alkaline earth metal phosphates, carbonates, bicarbonates, and hydroxides.
• Preferred substrates that can be treated with base include metal, glass, paper, plastic, cloth, wood, and leather.
• the substrate may also take a specific shape such as the shape of a hand, for the purposes of forming a latex glove.
• the substrate may also include a filler material that renders the surface of the substrate sufficiently basic to cause the stable aqueous dispersion of the polymer to form a fast-setting coating.
• a filler material that renders the surface of the substrate sufficiently basic to cause the stable aqueous dispersion of the polymer to form a fast-setting coating.
• Lime and calcium carbonate are examples of such filler materials.
• fast-setting coatings can be prepared by contacting a substrate with a first stable aqueous dispersion that contains a polymer having structural units formed from the polymerization of a polymerizable strong cationic monomer; and a second stable aqueous dispersion that contains a polymer having structural units formed from the polymerization of a weak acid monomer.
• the stable aqueous dispersions may be contacted with the substrate in any order or substantially concurrently, preferably substantially concurrently, and surprisingly, the substrate need not be basic or rendered basic.
• the second stable aqueous dispersion is preferably stabilized in the presence of an anionic surfactant such as a sulfate, including sodium lauryl sulfate, or DOWFAX EBTM surfactant (from The Dow Chemical Company).
• an anionic surfactant such as a sulfate, including sodium lauryl sulfate, or DOWFAX EBTM surfactant (from The Dow Chemical Company).
• the sulfate may also be present as end-groups on the polymer chains resulting from the use of persulfate initiator during the polymerization of the anionic latex.
• the first and second stable aqueous dispersions are preferably applied to the substrate using a plural component sprayer.
• Both the first and the second stable aqueous dispersions preferably have structural units formed from the polymerization of the polymerizable non-interfering monomer.
• the mole percent of structural units formed from the polymerization of the strong cationic monomer in the first stable aqueous dispersion of the polymer is preferably not less than 0.5, more preferably not less than 1 , and most preferably not less than 2 mole percent, and preferably not greater than 20, more preferably not greater than 10, and most preferably not greater than 5 mole percent, based on the total mole percent of strong cationic monomer and non-interfering monomer.
• the mole percent of structural units formed from the polymerization of the weak acid monomer in the second stable aqueous dispersion of the polymer is also preferably not less than 0.5, more preferably not less than 1 , and most preferably not less than 2 mole percent, and preferably not greater than 20, more preferably not greater than 10, and most preferably not greater than 5 mole percent, based on the total mole percent of strong cationic monomer and non-interfering monomer.
• the coated materials of the present invention have wide applicability, including painted concrete roads, where a fast-setting coating can be prepared in the absence of solvents or crosslinking curatives, by merely applying the stable aqueous dispersion of the polymer (or polymers) to the surface of the road.
• aqueous dispersions can also be used to coat cured or uncured cement to reduce water evaporation, thereby improving the physical properties of the final concrete.
• the dispersions can also be used to prepare latex gloves or condoms by dipping a basic form or mold into the stable aqueous dispersion to cause rapid setting of the dispersion on the form.
• the stable aqueous dispersions used to prepared the coated materials have a shelf-stability of at least 6 months, preferably at least one year.
• the formulations may also contain additives such as pigments, dyes, fungicides, and bactericides.
• the stable aqueous dispersion was prepared in a two-step process. First, a cationic surfactant stabilized polystyrene seed latex was prepared using a batch process. Next, a portion of the seed latex was used in a continuous addition process to prepare a second, film-forming latex containing a carboxylic acid and a quaternary ammonium functional monomer.
• the cationic latex seed was prepared in the following manner. To a 1 -liter, 3-neck, glass reaction flask equipped with a nitrogen inlet, a reflux condenser with a nitrogen outlet, and a mechanical stirrer, was added styrene (100 g), ARQUADTM 18-50 octadecyltrimethylammonium chloride surfactant (a trademark of AkzoNobel, 20 g active), hydrogen peroxide (3.3 g, 1.0 g active), water (200 g), and iron sulfate solution (0.25 g in 100 g water). The flask was heated to 70°C over 2 hours with stirring under nitrogen, after which the stirring was stopped and the heating source removed.
• styrene 100 g
• ARQUADTM 18-50 octadecyltrimethylammonium chloride surfactant a trademark of AkzoNobel, 20 g active
• hydrogen peroxide 3.3 g, 1.0 g active
• water 200
• the latex seed was allowed to sit overnight in the flask. The result was an opaque, high viscosity dispersion with 35.8 percent solids. The particle size was 407 A (mean value) and 393 A (median value).
• the film-forming latex was prepared from the cationic seed latex using a continuous addition polymerization method. Syringe pumps were used as the continuous addition control means. To a 2-liter, 3-neck, glass reaction flask equipped with a nitrogen inlet, a reflux condenser with a nitrogen outlet, and a mechanical stirrer, was added water (452.3 g) and the cationic seed latex (8.8 g). The flask was heated to 60°C and stirred. Table I shows the solutions that were prepared for continuous addition.
• the particle size was 1550 A (mean) and 1450 A (median).
• a clear, fast-setting coating was prepared by applying a coat of the latex to a cementatious fiber board using a paint brush. The sample was observed at 22.4°C and 65 percent relative humidity. Thirty seconds after application of the latex, the coated, cementatious fiber board was placed under running water. The coating showed no signs of bleeding, running or any detrimental effects. Within 20 minutes of application the latex dried to a clear film.
• a titanium dioxide pigment slurry was used to prepare a pigmented latex coating to demonstrate that a fast-setting coating could be obtained on an alkaline surface using pigmented coating formulations.
• the composition of the titanium dioxide pigment slurry is given in Table III.
• the titanium dioxide pigment slurry was prepared by mixing the titanium dioxide into the water containing the surfactants under high speed shearing to form a smooth, viscous dispersion. To a glass jar was added 29.4 g of this slurry, then 5.5 g of deionized water. The diluted slurry was mixed to form a uniform suspension. The latex having the composition shown in Table II and a total solids content of 37.4 weight percent was then mixed with the slurry at about 350 rpm for 3 minutes. The resulting dispersion had the consistency and color of whole milk. A coating of this dispersion was applied with a paint brush onto a cementatious fiber board. After 1 minute the coating on the board was placed under a stream of running water.
• Example 3 Forming a Fast-Setting Coating on Base-Treated Filter Paper
• a 9.0-cm circle of Whatman #1 qualitative filter paper was cut into a 5.7 cm by 7.0 cm rectangle, then taped to a glass plate along all edges.
• the paper was soaked with a saturated sodium bicarbonate solution, then blotted with paper towels to remove excess fluid.
• a coating of latex having a composition described in Table II was then spread on the coated paper. Rapid setting of the latex film on the paper was apparent in less than 15 seconds. After about 2 minutes the coating was completely dry-to-the-touch. After 3 minutes, a drop of water was placed onto the coated paper and beaded with no visible signs of bleeding. This drop test was repeated several times with the same results.
• Example 5 Forming a Fast-Setting Coating on Base-Treated Cloth
• a swatch of common clothing material 60 percent cotton, 40 percent polyester
• the swatch was then removed, squeezed as dry as possible and taped to a glass plate.
• An 8-mil drawdown bar was then used to spread across the swatch, a sample of the latex having a composition described in Table II.
• the latex was dry-to-the-touch within 10 seconds. Within 2 minutes, the excess water could be squeezed from the coated material using a high-pressure laminated plastic roller. Within 30 minutes the latex dried to a clear flexible coating with some level of gloss.
• a Binks Mach 1 PCX Plural Component paint sprayer was used to apply a blended stream of a latex having a composition described in Table II, and a 3.0 percent by weight solution of K2HPO4 to a sample of oak-laminated plywood.
• the atomizing pressure was set at about 72 psig (0.50 MPa) and both storage vessels were set at approximately 35 psig (0.24 MPa).
• the coating became dry-to-the-touch rapidly (less than 30 seconds).
• Two aluminum coupons (Q-panel, Inc.) were also coated with similar results.
• the atomizing pressure was decreased to 45 psig (0.31 MPa) and the storage vessels pressure dropped to 10 psig (0.07 MPa). The procedure was then repeated.
• the rate at which the coating became dry-to-the -touch was unaffected, but the surface of the coating was improved.
• a "Cold Rolled Steel" coupon (Q-panel) was also coated easily using the same operating conditions and obtaining similar results.
• Example 7 Plural Component Spraying Using an Anionic Latex
• Example 6 The paint sprayer described in Example 6 was used to apply a blended stream of a latex having a composition described in Table II, and an anionic latex having a composition described in Table IV.
• the atomizing pressure was set to 40 psig (0.30 MPa) and the storage vessel pressure was set to 7.5 psig (0.05 MPa).
• the spray was applied to a glass plate and the resultant coating set in less than 30 seconds.
• Example 8 Plural Component Spraying with an Anionic Material
• the paint sprayer described in Example 6 was used to apply a blended stream of latex, having a composition described in Table II, and an aqueous anionic corrosion inhibiting solution, consisting of 4.45 percent by weight of MIRANOL CS® (manufactured by Rhone Poulenc).
• the atomizing pressure was set at 35 psig (0.24 MPa) and the storage vessel pressures were set at 5 psig (0.03 MPa).
• the coating was applied to an untreated aluminum coupon, a pre-treated aluminum coupon (Q-panel, Inc.) and a pre-coated sample of PTO.
• the spray formed an acceptable coating and set in less than 30 seconds on all three test panels.
• Example 9 Plural Component Spraying with Cationic Latex and Anionic Latex
• the paint sprayer described in Example 6 was used to apply a blended stream of cationic latex, having a composition described in Table V, and an anionic latex, having a composition as described in Table IV.
• the atomizing pressure was set at 35 psig (0.24 MPa) and the storage vessel pressures were set at 10 psig.
• the coating was applied to an untreated glass plate.
• the spray formed an acceptable coating and coacervated in less than 20 seconds. It set in less than 30 seconds.
• the plate was placed under running water after 1 minute with no detrimental effect to the coating.
• the spray formed an acceptable coating and coacervated in less than 15 seconds on both test panels.

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• 1997
  • 1997-05-23 US US08/862,274 patent/US5997952A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
• 1998
  • 1998-05-13 AT AT98924759T patent/ATE243567T1/de not_active IP Right Cessation
  • 1998-05-13 EP EP98924759A patent/EP0983126B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
  • 1998-05-13 CA CA002290573A patent/CA2290573A1/en not_active Abandoned
  • 1998-05-13 DE DE69815843T patent/DE69815843T2/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
  • 1998-05-13 AU AU76853/98A patent/AU7685398A/en not_active Abandoned
  • 1998-05-13 WO PCT/US1998/009707 patent/WO1998052698A1/en not_active Ceased
  • 1998-05-13 JP JP55042698A patent/JP2002502449A/ja not_active Ceased
  • 1998-05-13 KR KR1019997010828A patent/KR20010012862A/ko not_active Withdrawn
  • 1998-05-21 TW TW087107885A patent/TW396197B/zh not_active IP Right Cessation
• 1999
  • 1999-10-20 US US09/421,662 patent/US6251485B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime

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