WO1998039345A1 - Diphosphines de 6,6'-bis-(1-phosphanorbornadiene) - Google Patents
Diphosphines de 6,6'-bis-(1-phosphanorbornadiene) Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO1998039345A1 WO1998039345A1 PCT/FR1998/000424 FR9800424W WO9839345A1 WO 1998039345 A1 WO1998039345 A1 WO 1998039345A1 FR 9800424 W FR9800424 W FR 9800424W WO 9839345 A1 WO9839345 A1 WO 9839345A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- formula
- diphosphine
- radical
- carbon atoms
- formulas
- Prior art date
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 68
- VURFVHCLMJOLKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diphosphine Natural products PP VURFVHCLMJOLKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 266
- -1 hydrocarbon radical Chemical class 0.000 claims description 203
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 claims description 129
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 87
- 150000003254 radicals Chemical class 0.000 claims description 78
- YMWUJEATGCHHMB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dichloromethane Chemical compound ClCCl YMWUJEATGCHHMB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 69
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 59
- 229920006395 saturated elastomer Polymers 0.000 claims description 51
- 125000004435 hydrogen atom Chemical group [H]* 0.000 claims description 49
- KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Palladium Chemical compound [Pd] KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 44
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims description 40
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 35
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 32
- HBAQYPYDRFILMT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 8-[3-(1-cyclopropylpyrazol-4-yl)-1H-pyrazolo[4,3-d]pyrimidin-5-yl]-3-methyl-3,8-diazabicyclo[3.2.1]octan-2-one Chemical class C1(CC1)N1N=CC(=C1)C1=NNC2=C1N=C(N=C2)N1C2C(N(CC1CC2)C)=O HBAQYPYDRFILMT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 27
- 239000003960 organic solvent Substances 0.000 claims description 27
- 125000001424 substituent group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 27
- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 26
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 claims description 24
- 239000003446 ligand Substances 0.000 claims description 23
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 22
- BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N platinum Chemical compound [Pt] BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 22
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 claims description 22
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrogen Substances N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 21
- 229910052763 palladium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 21
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 20
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 20
- XOJVVFBFDXDTEG-UHFFFAOYSA-N pristane Chemical compound CC(C)CCCC(C)CCCC(C)CCCC(C)C XOJVVFBFDXDTEG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 20
- UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N monobenzene Natural products C1=CC=CC=C1 UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 19
- MHAJPDPJQMAIIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen peroxide Chemical compound OO MHAJPDPJQMAIIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 17
- 125000005843 halogen group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 17
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical group 0.000 claims description 16
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 16
- ZMANZCXQSJIPKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Triethylamine Chemical compound CCN(CC)CC ZMANZCXQSJIPKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 15
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 claims description 15
- 125000001997 phenyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(*)C([H])=C1[H] 0.000 claims description 15
- CIUQDSCDWFSTQR-UHFFFAOYSA-N [C]1=CC=CC=C1 Chemical compound [C]1=CC=CC=C1 CIUQDSCDWFSTQR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 14
- DJMUYABFXCIYSC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1H-phosphole Chemical compound C=1C=CPC=1 DJMUYABFXCIYSC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000004215 Carbon black (E152) Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- 125000004429 atom Chemical group 0.000 claims description 13
- 229910052801 chlorine Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- JUJWROOIHBZHMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Pyridine Chemical compound C1=CC=NC=C1 JUJWROOIHBZHMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- HSFWRNGVRCDJHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N alpha-acetylene Natural products C#C HSFWRNGVRCDJHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- 150000001450 anions Chemical class 0.000 claims description 12
- 229910052723 transition metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 12
- 229910052697 platinum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 11
- 125000003903 2-propenyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])=C([H])[H] 0.000 claims description 10
- OFOBLEOULBTSOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Malonic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CC(O)=O OFOBLEOULBTSOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical group [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- 229910052783 alkali metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 10
- 150000001340 alkali metals Chemical class 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000009876 asymmetric hydrogenation reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- GDTBXPJZTBHREO-UHFFFAOYSA-N bromine Chemical compound BrBr GDTBXPJZTBHREO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000000460 chlorine Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 125000000623 heterocyclic group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000010948 rhodium Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 150000003624 transition metals Chemical class 0.000 claims description 10
- OISVCGZHLKNMSJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,6-dimethylpyridine Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC(C)=N1 OISVCGZHLKNMSJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- BSKHPKMHTQYZBB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-methylpyridine Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=N1 BSKHPKMHTQYZBB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- 125000000524 functional group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 9
- RAXXELZNTBOGNW-UHFFFAOYSA-N imidazole Natural products C1=CNC=N1 RAXXELZNTBOGNW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- 125000002496 methyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])* 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000011593 sulfur Chemical group 0.000 claims description 9
- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000002585 base Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 125000005842 heteroatom Chemical group 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910052703 rhodium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- MHOVAHRLVXNVSD-UHFFFAOYSA-N rhodium atom Chemical compound [Rh] MHOVAHRLVXNVSD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- CTBUPMVRRNAZIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3,4-dimethyl-1h-phosphole Chemical compound CC1=CPC=C1C CTBUPMVRRNAZIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- KZBUYRJDOAKODT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chlorine Chemical compound ClCl KZBUYRJDOAKODT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chlorine atom Chemical compound [Cl] ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- BWGNESOTFCXPMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dihydrogen disulfide Chemical compound SS BWGNESOTFCXPMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910052794 bromium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910052741 iridium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- GKOZUEZYRPOHIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N iridium atom Chemical compound [Ir] GKOZUEZYRPOHIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- 125000000654 isopropylidene group Chemical group C(C)(C)=* 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000007800 oxidant agent Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 125000004805 propylene group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([*:1])C([H])([H])[*:2] 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- ZDHXKXAHOVTTAH-UHFFFAOYSA-N trichlorosilane Chemical compound Cl[SiH](Cl)Cl ZDHXKXAHOVTTAH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000005052 trichlorosilane Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000004912 1,5-cyclooctadiene Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- FKNQCJSGGFJEIZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-methylpyridine Chemical compound CC1=CC=NC=C1 FKNQCJSGGFJEIZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- SJRJJKPEHAURKC-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Methylmorpholine Chemical compound CN1CCOCC1 SJRJJKPEHAURKC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 125000000746 allylic group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 6
- 150000001732 carboxylic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 claims description 6
- 125000002950 monocyclic group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 6
- UEXCJVNBTNXOEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N phenyl acethylene Natural products C#CC1=CC=CC=C1 UEXCJVNBTNXOEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- UMJSCPRVCHMLSP-UHFFFAOYSA-N pyridine Natural products COC1=CC=CN=C1 UMJSCPRVCHMLSP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- KJTLSVCANCCWHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ruthenium Chemical compound [Ru] KJTLSVCANCCWHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 125000002252 acyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 5
- 150000002148 esters Chemical class 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052707 ruthenium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 229930195734 saturated hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000001131 transforming effect Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 229930195735 unsaturated hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 claims description 5
- WKBOTKDWSSQWDR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Bromine atom Chemical compound [Br] WKBOTKDWSSQWDR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
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- 230000003197 catalytic effect Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000003153 chemical reaction reagent Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 150000004696 coordination complex Chemical class 0.000 claims description 4
- QUPDWYMUPZLYJZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyl Chemical compound C[CH2] QUPDWYMUPZLYJZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 125000001495 ethyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052736 halogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 150000002367 halogens Chemical class 0.000 claims description 4
- LELOWRISYMNNSU-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydrogen cyanide Chemical class N#C LELOWRISYMNNSU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 125000000959 isobutyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])(C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 claims description 4
- 125000001449 isopropyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])(*)C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000004811 liquid chromatography Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- WCYWZMWISLQXQU-UHFFFAOYSA-N methyl Chemical compound [CH3] WCYWZMWISLQXQU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- HFPZCAJZSCWRBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N p-cymene Chemical compound CC(C)C1=CC=C(C)C=C1 HFPZCAJZSCWRBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 125000004437 phosphorous atom Chemical group 0.000 claims description 4
- 150000003512 tertiary amines Chemical class 0.000 claims description 4
- VYXHVRARDIDEHS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,5-cyclooctadiene Chemical compound C1CC=CCCC=C1 VYXHVRARDIDEHS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- MCTWTZJPVLRJOU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-methyl-1H-imidazole Chemical compound CN1C=CN=C1 MCTWTZJPVLRJOU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- AVFZOVWCLRSYKC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-methylpyrrolidine Chemical compound CN1CCCC1 AVFZOVWCLRSYKC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- JAHNSTQSQJOJLO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(3-fluorophenyl)-1h-imidazole Chemical compound FC1=CC=CC(C=2NC=CN=2)=C1 JAHNSTQSQJOJLO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- NRGGMCIBEHEAIL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-ethylpyridine Chemical compound CCC1=CC=CC=N1 NRGGMCIBEHEAIL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- IIVWHGMLFGNMOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-methylpropane Chemical compound C[C](C)C IIVWHGMLFGNMOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- VJXRKZJMGVSXPX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-ethylpyridine Chemical compound CCC1=CC=NC=C1 VJXRKZJMGVSXPX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000002841 Lewis acid Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium Chemical compound [Li] WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- AHVYPIQETPWLSZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-methyl-pyrrolidine Natural products CN1CC=CC1 AHVYPIQETPWLSZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N acrylic acid group Chemical class C(C=C)(=O)O NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 125000002015 acyclic group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000001413 amino acids Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- 125000000484 butyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 claims description 3
- 125000001309 chloro group Chemical group Cl* 0.000 claims description 3
- QMMPBNFUSOIFDC-UHFFFAOYSA-N ctk0b2378 Chemical compound Cl[Si](Cl)(Cl)N[Si](Cl)(Cl)Cl QMMPBNFUSOIFDC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 125000000753 cycloalkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 3
- ZWAJLVLEBYIOTI-UHFFFAOYSA-N cyclohexene oxide Chemical compound C1CCCC2OC21 ZWAJLVLEBYIOTI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
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- 229910052731 fluorine Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 125000001153 fluoro group Chemical group F* 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000004678 hydrides Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000007517 lewis acids Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- LVHBHZANLOWSRM-UHFFFAOYSA-N methylenebutanedioic acid Natural products OC(=O)CC(=C)C(O)=O LVHBHZANLOWSRM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000001590 oxidative effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
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- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 125000000999 tert-butyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C(*)(C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 claims description 3
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- 125000000391 vinyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])=C([H])[H] 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920002554 vinyl polymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- UVJZGFKZGQSKDV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3-diphenylprop-2-enyl acetate Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1C(OC(=O)C)C=CC1=CC=CC=C1 UVJZGFKZGQSKDV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
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- IMDXZWRLUZPMDH-UHFFFAOYSA-N dichlorophenylphosphine Chemical compound ClP(Cl)C1=CC=CC=C1 IMDXZWRLUZPMDH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
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- 125000002029 aromatic hydrocarbon group Chemical group 0.000 claims 1
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- 125000004177 diethyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- ZWWQRMFIZFPUAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimethyl 2-methylidenebutanedioate Chemical compound COC(=O)CC(=C)C(=O)OC ZWWQRMFIZFPUAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JVSWJIKNEAIKJW-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimethyl-hexane Natural products CCCCCC(C)C JVSWJIKNEAIKJW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910001882 dioxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000003814 drug Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010981 drying operation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008030 elimination Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003379 elimination reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- UKFXDFUAPNAMPJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethylmalonic acid Chemical compound CCC(C(O)=O)C(O)=O UKFXDFUAPNAMPJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004128 high performance liquid chromatography Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000002887 hydroxy group Chemical group [H]O* 0.000 description 1
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052500 inorganic mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000013067 intermediate product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002576 ketones Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229960000991 ketoprofen Drugs 0.000 description 1
- DBYQHFPBWKKZAT-UHFFFAOYSA-N lithium;benzene Chemical compound [Li+].C1=CC=[C-]C=C1 DBYQHFPBWKKZAT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000011068 loading method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- QSHDDOUJBYECFT-UHFFFAOYSA-N mercury Chemical compound [Hg] QSHDDOUJBYECFT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052753 mercury Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- UZKWTJUDCOPSNM-UHFFFAOYSA-N methoxybenzene Substances CCCCOC=C UZKWTJUDCOPSNM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GRVDJDISBSALJP-UHFFFAOYSA-N methyloxidanyl Chemical compound [O]C GRVDJDISBSALJP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000010755 mineral Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000011707 mineral Substances 0.000 description 1
- YKYONYBAUNKHLG-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-Propyl acetate Natural products CCCOC(C)=O YKYONYBAUNKHLG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UFWIBTONFRDIAS-UHFFFAOYSA-N naphthalene-acid Natural products C1=CC=CC2=CC=CC=C21 UFWIBTONFRDIAS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CMWTZPSULFXXJA-VIFPVBQESA-N naproxen Chemical compound C1=C([C@H](C)C(O)=O)C=CC2=CC(OC)=CC=C21 CMWTZPSULFXXJA-VIFPVBQESA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000002825 nitriles Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000012299 nitrogen atmosphere Substances 0.000 description 1
- ZCYXXKJEDCHMGH-UHFFFAOYSA-N nonane Chemical compound CCCC[CH]CCCC ZCYXXKJEDCHMGH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000036963 noncompetitive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- BKIMMITUMNQMOS-UHFFFAOYSA-N normal nonane Natural products CCCCCCCCC BKIMMITUMNQMOS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000000655 nuclear magnetic resonance spectrum Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012038 nucleophile Substances 0.000 description 1
- TVMXDCGIABBOFY-UHFFFAOYSA-N octane Chemical compound CCCCCCCC TVMXDCGIABBOFY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 1
- MUJIDPITZJWBSW-UHFFFAOYSA-N palladium(2+) Chemical compound [Pd+2] MUJIDPITZJWBSW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000003208 petroleum Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012071 phase Substances 0.000 description 1
- DLRJIFUOBPOJNS-UHFFFAOYSA-N phenetole Chemical compound CCOC1=CC=CC=C1 DLRJIFUOBPOJNS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000003003 phosphines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000004857 phospholes Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000003880 polar aprotic solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003495 polar organic solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002798 polar solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000711 polarimetry Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012286 potassium permanganate Substances 0.000 description 1
- BDERNNFJNOPAEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N propan-1-ol Chemical compound CCCO BDERNNFJNOPAEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229940090181 propyl acetate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 102000004169 proteins and genes Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108090000623 proteins and genes Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 239000012429 reaction media Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000003335 secondary amines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000011780 sodium chloride Substances 0.000 description 1
- HPALAKNZSZLMCH-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium;chloride;hydrate Chemical compound O.[Na+].[Cl-] HPALAKNZSZLMCH-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000638 solvent extraction Methods 0.000 description 1
- UIERETOOQGIECD-ONEGZZNKSA-N tiglic acid Chemical compound C\C=C(/C)C(O)=O UIERETOOQGIECD-ONEGZZNKSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000001988 toxicity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 231100000419 toxicity Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- NQPDZGIKBAWPEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N valeric acid Chemical compound CCCCC(O)=O NQPDZGIKBAWPEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07F—ACYCLIC, CARBOCYCLIC OR HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS CONTAINING ELEMENTS OTHER THAN CARBON, HYDROGEN, HALOGEN, OXYGEN, NITROGEN, SULFUR, SELENIUM OR TELLURIUM
- C07F15/00—Compounds containing elements of Groups 8, 9, 10 or 18 of the Periodic Table
- C07F15/0006—Compounds containing elements of Groups 8, 9, 10 or 18 of the Periodic Table compounds of the platinum group
- C07F15/0086—Platinum compounds
- C07F15/0093—Platinum compounds without a metal-carbon linkage
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07B—GENERAL METHODS OF ORGANIC CHEMISTRY; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C07B53/00—Asymmetric syntheses
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- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C227/00—Preparation of compounds containing amino and carboxyl groups bound to the same carbon skeleton
- C07C227/30—Preparation of optical isomers
- C07C227/32—Preparation of optical isomers by stereospecific synthesis
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C231/00—Preparation of carboxylic acid amides
- C07C231/16—Preparation of optical isomers
- C07C231/18—Preparation of optical isomers by stereospecific synthesis
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C29/00—Preparation of compounds having hydroxy or O-metal groups bound to a carbon atom not belonging to a six-membered aromatic ring
- C07C29/17—Preparation of compounds having hydroxy or O-metal groups bound to a carbon atom not belonging to a six-membered aromatic ring by hydrogenation of carbon-to-carbon double or triple bonds
- C07C29/177—Preparation of compounds having hydroxy or O-metal groups bound to a carbon atom not belonging to a six-membered aromatic ring by hydrogenation of carbon-to-carbon double or triple bonds with simultaneous reduction of a carboxy group
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07F—ACYCLIC, CARBOCYCLIC OR HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS CONTAINING ELEMENTS OTHER THAN CARBON, HYDROGEN, HALOGEN, OXYGEN, NITROGEN, SULFUR, SELENIUM OR TELLURIUM
- C07F15/00—Compounds containing elements of Groups 8, 9, 10 or 18 of the Periodic Table
- C07F15/0006—Compounds containing elements of Groups 8, 9, 10 or 18 of the Periodic Table compounds of the platinum group
- C07F15/006—Palladium compounds
- C07F15/0066—Palladium compounds without a metal-carbon linkage
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07F—ACYCLIC, CARBOCYCLIC OR HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS CONTAINING ELEMENTS OTHER THAN CARBON, HYDROGEN, HALOGEN, OXYGEN, NITROGEN, SULFUR, SELENIUM OR TELLURIUM
- C07F9/00—Compounds containing elements of Groups 5 or 15 of the Periodic Table
- C07F9/02—Phosphorus compounds
- C07F9/547—Heterocyclic compounds, e.g. containing phosphorus as a ring hetero atom
- C07F9/6564—Heterocyclic compounds, e.g. containing phosphorus as a ring hetero atom having phosphorus atoms, with or without nitrogen, oxygen, sulfur, selenium or tellurium atoms, as ring hetero atoms
- C07F9/6568—Heterocyclic compounds, e.g. containing phosphorus as a ring hetero atom having phosphorus atoms, with or without nitrogen, oxygen, sulfur, selenium or tellurium atoms, as ring hetero atoms having phosphorus atoms as the only ring hetero atoms
- C07F9/65683—Heterocyclic compounds, e.g. containing phosphorus as a ring hetero atom having phosphorus atoms, with or without nitrogen, oxygen, sulfur, selenium or tellurium atoms, as ring hetero atoms having phosphorus atoms as the only ring hetero atoms the ring phosphorus atom being part of a phosphine
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07F—ACYCLIC, CARBOCYCLIC OR HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS CONTAINING ELEMENTS OTHER THAN CARBON, HYDROGEN, HALOGEN, OXYGEN, NITROGEN, SULFUR, SELENIUM OR TELLURIUM
- C07F9/00—Compounds containing elements of Groups 5 or 15 of the Periodic Table
- C07F9/02—Phosphorus compounds
- C07F9/547—Heterocyclic compounds, e.g. containing phosphorus as a ring hetero atom
- C07F9/6564—Heterocyclic compounds, e.g. containing phosphorus as a ring hetero atom having phosphorus atoms, with or without nitrogen, oxygen, sulfur, selenium or tellurium atoms, as ring hetero atoms
- C07F9/6568—Heterocyclic compounds, e.g. containing phosphorus as a ring hetero atom having phosphorus atoms, with or without nitrogen, oxygen, sulfur, selenium or tellurium atoms, as ring hetero atoms having phosphorus atoms as the only ring hetero atoms
- C07F9/65685—Heterocyclic compounds, e.g. containing phosphorus as a ring hetero atom having phosphorus atoms, with or without nitrogen, oxygen, sulfur, selenium or tellurium atoms, as ring hetero atoms having phosphorus atoms as the only ring hetero atoms the ring phosphorus atom being part of a phosphine oxide or thioxide
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12C—BEER; PREPARATION OF BEER BY FERMENTATION; PREPARATION OF MALT FOR MAKING BEER; PREPARATION OF HOPS FOR MAKING BEER
- C12C11/00—Fermentation processes for beer
- C12C11/02—Pitching yeast
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07B—GENERAL METHODS OF ORGANIC CHEMISTRY; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C07B2200/00—Indexing scheme relating to specific properties of organic compounds
- C07B2200/07—Optical isomers
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C2601/00—Systems containing only non-condensed rings
- C07C2601/12—Systems containing only non-condensed rings with a six-membered ring
- C07C2601/16—Systems containing only non-condensed rings with a six-membered ring the ring being unsaturated
Definitions
- DIPHOSPHINS OF 6 ⁇ '-BIS- (l-PHOSPHANORBORNADIENE)
- the present invention relates to new 6,6'-bis- (1-phosphanorbornadiene) diphosphines and their preparation process.
- Another object of the invention are said optically active diphosphines.
- the difficulty is that the diphosphine-type chiral ligands are not easily accessible, due to their complex synthesis, as well as the difficulty in separating the diastereoisomers and / or enantiomers.
- a first objective of the invention is to provide new diphosphines and a process for their preparation.
- Another objective is to provide optically active diphosphines, chiral on phosphorus and non-racemizable.
- Another objective is to provide modified diphosphines, making it possible to obtain better results in asymmetric catalysis reactions.
- Rf, R2, R3, R4, R5, identical or different represent a hydrogen atom or a hydrocarbon radical, optionally substituted, having from 1 to 40 carbon atoms which can be a saturated or unsaturated acyclic aliphatic radical, linear or branched; a saturated, unsaturated or aromatic, monocyclic or pycycyclic carbocyclic or heterocyclic radical; a saturated or unsaturated, linear or branched aliphatic radical, carrying a cyclic substituent, - R2 and R 3 can form, together with the carbon atoms which carry them, a saturated or unsaturated cycle,
- R 5 can represent a radical of type
- R2 and R3 ' have the same meaning as that given for R 1 ( R 2 and R 3 ,
- Ri, R2, R3, R4, R5, identical or different can take various meanings. Various examples are given below, but they are in no way limiting.
- R ⁇ to R5, can represent an acyclic aliphatic radical, saturated or unsaturated, linear or branched.
- to R5 represent a linear or branched acyclic aliphatic radical preferably having from 1 to 12 carbon atoms, saturated or comprising one to several, generally, 1 to 3, double bonds.
- the hydrocarbon chain can optionally be interrupted by a group, preferably a heteroatom, and more particularly, an oxygen or nitrogen atom or alternatively carrying substituents, for example, a halogen atom, in particular, chlorine or a group -CF 3 .
- R 1 to R 5 represent an acyclic, saturated or unsaturated, linear or branched aliphatic radical which may optionally carry a cyclic substituent.
- cycle is meant a carbocyclic or heterocyclic, saturated, unsaturated or aromatic cycle.
- cyclic substituents it is possible to envisage cycloaliphatic, aromatic or heterocyclic, in particular cycloaliphatic, substituents comprising 6 carbon atoms in the ring or benzene, these cyclic substituents themselves being optionally carriers of one or more substituents.
- the radicals R 1 to R 5 may also represent a carbocyclic radical saturated or comprising 1 or 2 unsaturations in the ring, generally having 3 to 8 carbon atoms, preferably 6 atoms carbon in the cycle; said cycle can be substituted.
- radicals R 1 to R 5 mention may be made of cyclohexyl radicals optionally substituted by linear or branched alkyl radicals having from 1 to 4 carbon atoms.
- R 1 to R 5 may be polycyclic, saturated or unsaturated, preferably bicyclic, carbocyclic radicals, which means that at least two rings have two carbon atoms in common.
- the number of carbon atoms in each cycle preferably varies between 3 and 6: the total number of carbon atoms being preferably equal to 7.
- the radicals R ⁇ to R5, preferably represent an aromatic, and in particular benzene, hydrocarbon radical corresponding to the general formula (II):
- - n is an integer from 0 to 5, preferably from 0 to 3,
- R Q represents R Q , one of the following groups or functions:
- a linear or branched alkenyl radical having from 2 to 6 carbon atoms, preferably from 2 to 4 carbon atoms, such as vinyl, allyl,.
- a linear or branched alkoxy radical having from 1 to 6 carbon atoms, preferably from 1 to 4 carbon atoms such as the methoxy, ethoxy, propoxy, isopropoxy, butoxy, radicals.
- an acyl group having from 2 to 6 carbon atoms,
- Rg represents a valence bond or a divalent hydrocarbon radical, linear or branched, saturated or unsaturated, having from 1 to 6 carbon atoms such as, for example, methylene, ethylene, propylene, isopropylene, isopropylidene; the radicals R7, which are identical or different, represent a hydrogen atom or a linear or branched alkyl radical having from 1 to 6 carbon atoms; X symbolizes a halogen atom, preferably a chlorine, bromine or fluorine atom.
- - Q represents R n 'one of the following more complex radicals:
- - m is an integer from 0 to 5, preferably from 0 to 3,.
- R_ having the meaning given above,
- R ⁇ represents a valential bond; a divalent, linear or branched, saturated or unsaturated hydrocarbon group having from 1 to 6 carbon atoms such as, for example, methylene, ethylene, propylene, isopropylene, isopropylidene or one of the following groups called Z: -O-; -CO-; COO-; -NR 7 -; -CO-NR 7 -; -S-; -S0 2 -; -NR 7 -CO-; in said formulas R 7 represents a hydrogen atom, a linear or branched alkyl group having from 1 to 6 carbon atoms, preferably a methyl or ethyl radical.
- the radicals Q can be identical or different and 2 successive carbon atoms of the benzenic cycle can be linked together by a ketal bridge such as the extranuclear methylene dioxy or ethylene dioxy radicals.
- the preferred diphosphines correspond to the general formula (I) in which R-
- - n is equal to 0, 1, 2 or 3
- - Q represents one of the following groups or functions:
- the compounds of formula (I) are chosen in which the identical or different Q radicals are a hydrogen atom, an alkyl radical having from 1 to 4 carbon atoms.
- to R5 corresponding to formula (I)
- phenyl, tolyl or xylyl radicals 1-methoxyphenyl, 2-nitrophenyl and the biphenyl, 1,1'-methylenebiphenyl, 1,1'-isopropylidenebiphenyl radicals, 1,1'-carboxybiphenyl, 1,1'-oxybiphenyl, 1, 1'-iminobiphenyl: said radicals being able to be substituted by one or more substituents.
- R1 to R5 can also represent a polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon radical; the cycles being able to form between them ortho-condensed, ortho- and peri-condensed systems. Mention may more particularly be made of a naphthyl radical; said cycles being able to be substituted.
- R 1 to R 5 may also represent a saturated, unsaturated or aromatic heterocyclic radical, comprising in particular 5 or 6 atoms in the ring including 1 or 2 heteroatoms such as nitrogen atoms, sulfur and oxygen; the carbon atoms of the heterocycle possibly being substituted.
- R 1 to R 5 can also represent a heterocyclic polycyclic radical defined as being either a radical consisting of at least 2 aromatic heterocyclic rings or not containing at least one heteroatom in each cycle and forming between them ortho- or ortho- and peri- condensed or either a radical consisting of at least one aromatic or non-aromatic hydrocarbon ring and at least one aromatic or non-aromatic heterocycle forming between them ortho- or ortho- and per-condensed systems; the carbon atoms of said rings possibly being substituted ,.
- a heterocyclic polycyclic radical defined as being either a radical consisting of at least 2 aromatic heterocyclic rings or not containing at least one heteroatom in each cycle and forming between them ortho- or ortho- and peri- condensed or either a radical consisting of at least one aromatic or non-aromatic hydrocarbon ring and at least one aromatic or non-aromatic heterocycle forming between them ortho- or ortho- and per-condensed systems; the carbon atoms of said rings possibly being substituted
- groups - ⁇ to R5 of heterocyclic type there may be mentioned, among others, the furyl, pyrrolyl, thienyl, isoxazolyl, furazannyl, isothiazolyl, imidazolyl, pyrazolyl, pyridyl, pyridazinyl, pyrimidinyl, pyrannyl and quinolyl radicals. , naphthyridinyl, benzopyrannyl, benzofurannyl, indolyl.
- R 5 represents a radical of type Ri 'preferably represents a hydrogen atom and R2 * and R 3 ' preferably represent a methyl radical.
- the number of substituents present on the cycle depends on the carbon condensation of the cycle and on the presence or not of unsaturations on the cycle.
- the maximum number of substituents likely to be carried by a cycle is easily determined by a person skilled in the art.
- the nature of the substituent is arbitrary insofar as it does not interfere with the desired product.
- RQ illustrates the type of substituents commonly encountered.
- the substituents most often carried by the ring are one or more alkyl or alkoxy radicals preferably having from 1 to 4 carbon atoms and / or a halogen atom.
- to R5 comprise an unsaturation such as a double bond
- one of the carbon atoms of the double bond is a disubstituted carbon, that is to say carrier of two substituents and one can cite , in particular alkyl radicals preferably having from 1 to 4 carbon atoms.
- the radicals R2 and R3 they can form, together with the carbon atoms which carry them, a saturated or unsaturated ring, preferably having from 5 to 7 carbon atoms and more preferably 6 carbon atoms.
- the radicals R2 and R 3 can form a cyclohexane.
- the different radicals represent more particularly:
- a radical other than a hydrogen atom preferably a linear or branched alkyl radical having from 1 to 4 carbon atoms, a phenyl radical,
- a hydrogen atom a linear or branched alkyl radical having from 1 to 4 carbon atoms, . a phenyl radical or a phenyl radical bearing one to several substituents, preferably from 1 to 3 alkyl or alkoxy radicals, linear or branched, having from 1 to 4 carbon atoms, a naphthyl radical, - R 4 and R 5 ne cannot simultaneously represent a phenyl group.
- the invention in its preferred form, resides in new diphosphines corresponding to the formula (D in which the radical R5 can represent a sterically hindered group such as a substituted phenyl radical or a tertiary radical, that is to say the carbon atom located in position ⁇ with respect to the phosphorus atom carries three substituents (for example a tert-butyl radical).
- sterically hindered group is intended to mean a group which has a steric hindrance greater than that of a phenyl radical and which can be appreciated by the molecular volume.
- diphosphines corresponding more particularly to the following formula (I ′) have characteristics which are specific to them:
- R2, R3, R4, identical or different represent a hydrogen atom or a hydrocarbon radical, optionally substituted, having from 1 to 40 carbon atoms which can be a saturated or unsaturated, linear or branched acyclic aliphatic radical a saturated, unsaturated or aromatic, monocyclic or polycyclic carbocyclic or heterocyclic radical; a saturated or unsaturated, linear or branched aliphatic radical, carrying a cyclic substituent,
- R and R3 can form, together with the carbon atoms which carry them, a saturated or unsaturated cycle
- - R5 represents a branched, saturated or unsaturated aliphatic radical, the characteristic of which is to have a tertiary radical located in the ⁇ position with respect to the phosphorus atom and mention may be made in particular of a tert-butyl radical; a phenyl radical bearing at least one substituent, preferably one or more alkyl or alkoxy radicals having from 1 to 4 carbon atoms or a naphthyl radical, - R4 and R5 cannot simultaneously represent a phenyl group.
- Another object of the invention lies in the process for the preparation of diphosphines of formula (I) characterized in that it consists in reacting:
- R 1 f R 2 and R 3 have the meaning given above, - and an acetylene compound of formula (V):
- R 4 and R 5 have the meaning given above.
- diphosphines of formula (I) are therefore obtained by reaction between a diphosphole of formula (III) and an acetylene compound of formula (V).
- the diphospholes of formula (III) are prepared from diphospholes of formula (IV) according to a rearrangement obtained by heat treatment carried out at a temperature between 100 ° C and 200 ° C, preferably between 130 ° C and 150 ° C .
- diphospholes of formula (IV) preferably used there may be mentioned:
- acetylenic compounds of formula (V) are products which can be obtained according to the methods described in the literature [in particular Journal of the American Chemical Society 25, p. 3080-3081 (1973) and J. Org. Chem SS, p. 3520 et seq. (1971)].
- the amount of acetylene compound of formula (V) expressed in moles of acetylene compound per mole of diphosphole of formula (IV) can also vary within wide limits.
- the molar ratio of acetylene compound of formula (V) / diphosphole of formula (IV) can vary between 1 and 4, preferably between 1 and 1.5.
- reaction is advantageously carried out without solvent.
- an organic, preferably apolar, aprotic solvent when it is desired to dissolve the acetylene compound.
- solvents suitable for the present invention there may be mentioned in particular aliphatic, cycloaliphatic or aromatic hydrocarbons.
- aliphatic or cycloaliphatic hydrocarbons there may be mentioned more particularly paraffins such as in particular, hexane, heptane, octane, nonane, decane, undecane, dodecane, tetradecane or cyclohexane, and aromatic hydrocarbons such as in particular benzene, toluene, xylenes, cumene, petroleum fractions made up of a mixture of alkylbenzenes, in particular cuts of the Solvesso® type.
- the preferred solvents are toluene and xylenes. It is also possible to use a mixture of organic solvents.
- the concentration of diphosphole in the medium is chosen to be as high as possible. It can most often be between 1 and 25 mol per liter of medium and, preferably, between 5 and 10 mol per liter.
- the reaction temperature is as mentioned above, between 100 ° C and 200 ° C, preferably between 130 ° C and 150 ° C.
- reaction is carried out at atmospheric pressure, but higher pressures may also be suitable, ranging from 1 to 50 bar, preferably from 1 to 25 bar.
- pressures may also be suitable, ranging from 1 to 50 bar, preferably from 1 to 25 bar.
- reaction it is preferred to carry out the reaction under a controlled atmosphere of inert gases such as nitrogen or rare gases, for example argon.
- inert gases such as nitrogen or rare gases, for example argon.
- the duration of the reaction can be very variable. It is most often between 15 minutes and 10 hours, preferably between 30 minutes and 5 hours.
- the process can be carried out batchwise or continuously.
- a practical embodiment consists in loading the diphosphole of formula (IV), the acetylene compound of formula (V) preferably, diluted in the organic solvent. The atmosphere of inert gases is established and then heated in a closed atmosphere.
- Ri. R2, R3 have the meanings given above, and Y represents any group, preferably an aromatic carbocylic radical, and more preferably a phenyl radical or an aromatic heterocyclic radical, with an alkali metal, leading to a compound of formula ( VII):
- R ⁇ R, R3, have the meanings given above, and M represents an alkali metal, preferably, lithium or sodium. - dimerizing the compound of formula (VII) into a compound of formula (IV).
- the phosphole of formula (VI) is reacted with an alkali metal which may be sodium or any other alkali metal, but more preferably lithium.
- the metal is generally in excess.
- the ratio between the number of gram atoms of alkali metal and the number of moles of compound of formula (VI) advantageously varies between 2 and 3.
- the compound of formula (VI) and the alkali metal are reacted at a temperature between 10 ° C and 40 ° C, preferably between 10 ° C and 20 ° C.
- the reaction usually lasts between 30 min and 2 h.
- the reaction is advantageously carried out in an organic solvent, preferably an aprotic polar solvent.
- diethyl ether dipropyl ether, diisopropyl ether, dibutyl ether, methyltertiobutyl ether, ether oxide dipentyl, diisopentyl oxide, dimethyl ether of ethylene glycol (or 1,2-dimethoxyethane), dimethyl ether of diethylene glycol (or 1,5-dime
- tetrahydrofuran is preferably used.
- the amount of organic solvent used can vary widely.
- the ratio between the number of moles of solvent and the number of moles of substrate can range from 10 to 40 and it is preferably between 20 and 25.
- a preferred variant consists in trapping the YM compound which has formed.
- a Lewis acid preferably AICI3 and optionally a tertiary alkyl halide, preferably tert-butyl chloride.
- Said reagents are used in an amount equal to or close to the stoichiometric amount.
- the phosphole of formula (VI), the excess alkali metal, can be charged. It is left to react for 30 min to 2 h. The excess metal is removed (solid / liquid separation), then the Lewis acid and / or the tertiary alkyl halide is added, between 0 ° C. and 20 ° C.
- the compound of formula (VII) is dimerized.
- the diiode is used as coupling agent, preferably used in stoichiometric quantity.
- the reaction is generally carried out in the same type of organic solvent as in the previous step.
- the reaction is carried out at room temperature (most often between 15 ° C and 25 ° C).
- the compound of formula (VI) can be obtained by reaction of a diene of formula (VIII) with a dihaloarylphosphine:
- R-j, R2, R3, have the meanings given above.
- dihaloarylphosphines use is generally made of dichlorophenylphosphine, dibromophenylphosphine or their mixtures preferably comprising equimolar amounts of each of the dihalogenophosphines.
- the compound of formula (VIII) and the dihaloarylphosphine used are mixed in stoichiometric or similar quantities. According to a practical embodiment, the diene compound of formula (VIII) is reacted with the dihaloarylphosphine generally dissolved in an appropriate solvent, preferably an aliphatic or aromatic halogenated hydrocarbon.
- dichloromethane 1,2-dichloroethane; monochlorobenzene, 1,2-dichlorobenzene, 1,3-dichlorobenzene, 1,4-dichlorobenzene, 1,2,4-trichlorobenzene or mixtures of different chlorobenzenes; monobromobenzene or mixtures of monobromobenzene with one or more dibromobenzenes; 1- bromonaphthalene.
- Dichloromethane is more preferably chosen.
- the concentration of dihaloarylphosphine in the medium can vary within wide limits. Thus it can be between 5 and 20 mol per liter of medium and, preferably, is approximately 10 mol per liter.
- the reaction is advantageously carried out between 0 ° C and 20 ° C, preferably in the absence of air. It lasts from 1 to several days, for example, 15 days.
- the phosphole of formula (VI) results from the elimination of 2 moles of HX per mole of dihaloarylphosphine which is carried out by the presence of an amine, preferably a tertiary amine.
- the amount of amine is generally equal to twice the stoichiometric amount of the dihaloarylphosphine, or even in excess of 2 to 3 times the stoichiometry.
- the reaction is advantageously carried out in a mixture of two organic solvents, one dissolving the phosphole obtained, the other, the amine salts formed, which facilitates subsequent separation.
- solvents suitable for extracting the phosphole obtained there may be mentioned in particular aliphatic, cycloaliphatic or aromatic hydrocarbons.
- solvents suitable for extracting the phosphole obtained there may be mentioned in particular aliphatic, cycloaliphatic or aromatic hydrocarbons.
- solubilization of the amine salts obtained use may be made inter alia of halogenated aliphatic or aromatic hydrocarbons, as mentioned above.
- the preferred pair of solvents is hexane and dichloromethane preferably used, in volume quantities close to or equal.
- the concentration of diphosphole in the medium can vary within wide limits. Thus, it can be between 1 and 5 months per liter of medium and, preferably, between 2 and 3 mol per liter. '
- a mixture of organic solvents as specified above is introduced and a base, preferably an amine.
- the excess amine is neutralized with an acid solution, preferably a solution of mineral acid, such as, for example, hydrochloric acid.
- an acid solution preferably a solution of mineral acid, such as, for example, hydrochloric acid.
- the organic phases are then separated.
- the treatment consists of an extraction with a solvent of the phosphole, washing of the organic phase, generally with water and most often followed by conventional drying on a desiccant, for example sodium or magnesium sulfate.
- Diphosphine dioxides in meso or racemic form are in meso or racemic form.
- Another subject of the invention resides in the dioxides of diphosphines in meso and racemic form as well as their process for obtaining.
- the diastereoisomers can be separated according to a process which consists in subjecting the mixture of diastereoisomers to an oxidation reaction thus transforming them into dioxides of diphosphines, then in separating the dioxides of diphosphines from the two diastereoisomers.
- the diastereoisomers are transformed into the oxide form.
- diphosphine oxides of formula (IX) are obtained by oxidation of the two diastereoisomers of formula dm) and (lr) using an oxidizing agent.
- an oxidizing agent any type of oxidizing agent can be used, a chemical oxidant, for example potassium permanganate or molecular oxygen or a gas containing it, it is preferred to use hydrogen peroxide, preferably in the form of an aqueous solution.
- concentration of the hydrogen peroxide solution is advantageously between 10% and 35% by weight.
- the amount of oxidizing agent used can vary widely from the stoichiometric amount to an excess representing, for example, 20 times the stoichiometry.
- an organic solvent which dissolves all the reactants
- the solvent can be chosen from aliphatic, cycloaliphatic or aromatic, preferably aromatic, hydrocarbons. Examples are given above. Among all these solvents, toluene and xylenes are preferred.
- the concentration of diphosphine in the reaction solvent is preferably between 0.05 and 1 mole / liter and even more particularly between 0.05 and 0.2 mole / liter.
- the diastereoisomers generally dissolved in an appropriate solvent are therefore brought into contact with the oxidizing agent.
- the reaction is advantageously carried out between 50 ° C and 100 ° C.
- the reaction time is generally between 30 min and 4 h.
- the diphosphine oxides are recovered in the organic phase.
- the aqueous and organic phases are separated.
- a conventional phase treatment is carried out.
- the aqueous phase is washed several times (from 1 to 3) with an organic solvent for extracting the diphosphine oxides, for example ethyl ether.
- an organic solvent for extracting the diphosphine oxides for example ethyl ether.
- the solvent is concentrated by evaporation and then the separation is carried out in a known manner [A. Bertheillier - Dunod Paris (1972)] by liquid column chromatography, preferably with a silica support.
- the column is eluted with a mixture of suitable solvents.
- Solvents suitable for separation are determined by simple execution operations for a person skilled in the art which consists in performing chromatography on a silica plate.
- the solvents are generally chosen from ethyl acetate, methanol, ethyl ether or their mixtures.
- diphosphine dioxide in meso form (IXm) and diphosphine dioxide in racemic form (IXr) are recovered in a variable order from the elution solvents.
- Diphosphine disulfides in racemic or meso form are examples of Diphosphine disulfides in racemic or meso form.
- Another subject of the invention resides in diphosphine disulfides in meso and racemic form as well as their process for obtaining.
- the diastereoisomers can be separated according to a process which consists in reacting with sulfur, the mixture of diastereoisomers dm) and (lr), thus transforming them into diphosphine disulfides (IX'm) and (IX ' r), then separating the diphosphine disulfides from the two diastereoisomers.
- the diastereoisomers are transformed into the form of sulphide.
- the quantity of sulfur used defined with respect to each phosphorus atom varies from the stoichiometric quantity to a slight excess of 10%.
- the reaction takes place at a temperature ranging from ambient temperature to approximately 100 ° C., preferably around 80 ° C., in a solvent preferably of the aromatic hydrocarbon type, and in particular toluene.
- the mixture of diastereoisomers is separated on a silica column as previously described.
- diphosphine disulfide is recovered in meso form (IX′m) and the diphosphin disulfide
- Another object of the present invention are the optically active diphosphines of 6,6′-bis- (1-phosphanorbomadiene) corresponding to the following formulas:
- a first variant for obtaining an optically active diphosphine of formula (la) or (Ib) consists in carrying out the doubling of the diphosphine dioxide in racemic form (IXr) then in carrying out separately the reduction of the enantiomers of diphosphine dioxide obtained (IXa) or (IXb).
- Another variant of the invention consists in first performing the reduction of diphosphine dioxide in racemic form (IXr) to diphosphine in racemic form (lr), then in performing the splitting of diphosphine in racemic form (lr) into enantiomers (la) and (Ib).
- Another variant of the invention consists in carrying out the resolution of the racemic mixture of diphosphine disulfides (IX'r) preferably on a chiral column and then in reducing the enantiomers of diphosphine disulfides (IX'a) and (IX'b) enantiomers of disphosphines (la) and (Ib).
- Another variant consists in reducing the racemic mixture of diphosphine disulphides (IX'r) to the racemic mixture of diphosphines (lr) and then performing the splitting of the racemic mixture of diphosphines into enantiomers (la) and (Ib).
- Another variant of the invention is to transform the racemic mixture of diphosphine disulfides (IX'r) into a racemic mixture of diphosphine dioxides (IXr) and then to obtain the optically active diphosphines (la) and (Ib) according to the previously described modes.
- the racemic mixture of dioxides of diphosphines (IXr) is split.
- the resolution can be carried out by separation of the two enantiomers, by chiral liquid chromatography.
- a chiral column is used, for example Chirosebond C1® (chiral graft of polyholoside type on spherical silica 5 ⁇ m - 100 ⁇ ) and the elution solvents can in particular be a water / acetonitrile mixture.
- Another variant consists first of all in carrying out the reduction of the diphosphine dioxide in racemic form and then in carrying out the doubling of the diphosphine in racemic form, obtained.
- the reduction can be carried out with a reducing agent such as, for example, trichlorosilane, hexachlorodisilazane, phenyltrisiiane, a hydride, in particular LiAIH 4 or NaBH 4 .
- a reducing agent such as, for example, trichlorosilane, hexachlorodisilazane, phenyltrisiiane, a hydride, in particular LiAIH 4 or NaBH 4 .
- the amount of reducing agent used can vary widely from the stoichiometric amount to an excess representing, for example, 20 times the stoichiometry.
- a reducing agent which leads to the release of a halogen acid for example trichlorosilane or hexachlorodisilazane
- a base is added, preferably an amine so that it traps the halogen acid (hydrochloric ) released.
- picolines pyridine, 2-ethylpyridine, 4-ethylpyridine, 2-methylpyridine, 4-methylpyridine, 2,6-dimethylpyridine, imidazole, 1-methylimidazole, TMEDA
- the amount of amine is at least equal to the amount necessary to trap the halogenated acid released and is more often in excess of up to 3 times the stoichiometric amount.
- the reaction is carried out in an organic solvent which dissolves all the reactants.
- the solvent can be chosen from aliphatic, aromatic, halogenated or not. Among all these solvents, toluene and dichloromethane are preferred.
- the concentration of diphosphine in the reaction solvent is preferably between 0.05 and 1 mole / liter and even more particularly between 0.05 and 0.2 mole / liter.
- the racemic compound is added, in the form of oxides, then the reducing agent.
- the reaction is advantageously carried out between 50 ° C and 100 ° C.
- the reaction time is generally between 30 min and 4 h.
- the racemic mixture is in the organic phase.
- a base is then added, preferably sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide or sodium carbonate, until a basic pH is obtained (pH of at least 8).
- a basic aqueous solution preferably a sodium hydroxide solution having a concentration of 10% to 30%.
- the enantiomers of diphosphines are recovered in the organic phase which is subjected to the conventional treatment described above, solvent extraction, washing with brine and optionally drying.
- the racemic mixture of 6,6'-bis- (1-phosphanorbomadiene) is split in accordance with a process which consists in reacting it with a palladium and / or platinum complex as an auxiliary chiral, in an organic solvent thus forming diastereoisomeric complexes, then in splitting said optically pure complexes.
- - M represents palladium and / or platinum
- , R2, R3 and R4 represent a hydrogen atom or an alkyl radical having from 1 to 10 carbon atoms or a cycloalkyl radical having from 3 to 10 carbon atoms
- R3 and R4 are different and at least one of the two represents a hydrogen atom
- - X represents a halogen atom
- - n is a number from 0 to 4,
- the complex used corresponds to the above formula in which R-j, R2.
- R3 and R4 represent a hydrogen atom or a methyl radical
- X represents a chlorine atom and n is equal to 0.
- the amount of complex of the aforementioned metals expressed in metal is generally from 0.5 to 1 atom of metal per atom of phosphorus.
- An organic solvent is used which solubilizes all the reactants.
- the solvent must be inert towards diphosphine.
- solvents suitable for the process of the invention mention may be made of aliphatic or aromatic hydrocarbons, halogenated or not, as mentioned above.
- benzene and toluene are preferred.
- the concentration of diphosphine in the reaction solvent is preferably between 0.05 and 1 mole / liter and even more particularly between 0.05 and 0.2 mole / liter.
- the separation is advantageously carried out at room temperature generally between 15 ° C and 25 ° C. It preferably takes place under a controlled atmosphere of inert gases.
- inert gases One can establish an atmosphere of rare gases, preferably argon, but it is more economical to use nitrogen.
- Another object of the invention is are the intermediate products, namely the metal complexes with the diphosphines.
- complexes of two forms are obtained either corresponding to the formulas (Xlla) and (Xllb), or to the formulas (Xllla) and (Xlllb):
- the column is eluted with a mixture of suitable solvents.
- the solvent or a mixture of solvents is chosen in a conventional manner by a person skilled in the art.
- solvents generally use is made of ethyl acetate, methanol, hexane, cylclohexane, dichloromethane. The examples illustrate the use of a mixture of solvents.
- the two enantiomers of the diphosphines are recovered by carrying out the decomplexation.
- hydrocyanic acid salt preferably an alkaline salt and even more preferably sodium: the said salt being dissolved in the minimum amount of water required.
- the complexes are solubilized in an organic solvent such as, for example, dichloromethane, then the salt of hydrocyanic acid used generally in excess representing 2 to 5 mol per metal atom, with stirring.
- organic solvent such as, for example, dichloromethane
- the operation is also carried out under a controlled atmosphere and at room temperature.
- the enantiomer is recovered in the organic phase which is separated, washed with water and dried, for example over sodium sulfate.
- the racemic mixture of diphosphine disulfides (IX'r) is split on a chiral column allowing the optically active diphosphine disulfides (IX'a) and (IX ') to be obtained. b), then they are reduced to disphosphines thus leading to the optically active diphosphines (la) and (Ib).
- diphosphine disulfides is carried out by reaction with a phosphorous reagent of PBu 3 or P (CH 2 CH 2 CN) 3 type: the reaction being carried out in an organic solvent medium, for example an aromatic hydrocarbon, preferably toluene.
- a phosphorous reagent of PBu 3 or P (CH 2 CH 2 CN) 3 type the reaction being carried out in an organic solvent medium, for example an aromatic hydrocarbon, preferably toluene.
- the reaction is generally carried out at the reflux temperature of the reaction solvent.
- Another variant consists in reducing the racemic mixture of diphosphine disulfides (IX'r) into a racemic mixture of diphosphines (lr) and then in performing the splitting of the racemic mixture of diphosphines into optically active phosphines (la) and (Ib).
- the reduction of the racemic mixture of diphosphine disulfides is carried out as specified for optically active diphosphine disulfides.
- another variant of the invention consists in transforming the racemic mixture of diphosphine disulfides (IX'r) into a racemic mixture of diphosphine dioxides (IXr) and then in obtaining the optically active diphosphines (la) and (Ib) according to the routes mentioned above. It is possible to convert the diphosphine disulfides into diphosphine dioxides by any suitable means, in particular by reaction of the diphosphine disulfides with cyclohexene oxide, in trifluoroacetic acid and in an organic solvent medium, in particular in a halogenated aliphatic hydrocarbon, preferably methylene chloride.
- the racemic mixture (IXr) is obtained which is treated as previously mentioned.
- optically active diphosphines according to the present invention are of particular interest in organic chemistry, in asymmetric synthesis methods.
- optically active diphosphines according to the invention can be used for the preparation of metal complexes, allowing asymmetric hydrogenation of unsaturated derivatives or allylic substitution (Tsuji-Trost type reaction). More particularly, they can be used to carry out asymmetric hydrogenation reactions.
- optically active diphosphines according to the invention can be used for the preparation of metal complexes, allowing the asymmetric hydrogenation of ⁇ , ⁇ -unsaturated and / or derived carboxylic acids.
- optically active diphosphines of formula (la) or (Ib) serve as ligands in the formation of complex ligands with transition metals.
- An object of the invention is therefore new complexes comprising an optically active diphosphine and a transition metal which are characterized by the fact that the ligand corresponds to one of the following formulas (la) or (Ib).
- transition metals capable of forming complexes mention may in particular be made of metals such as rhodium, ruthenium, rhenium, iridium, cobalt, nickel, platinum, palladium.
- metals such as rhodium, ruthenium, rhenium, iridium, cobalt, nickel, platinum, palladium.
- rhodium, ruthenium and iridium are preferred.
- (P * P) represents the diphosphine of formula (la) or (Ib).
- the rhodium and iridium complexes can be represented by the following formulas:
- - M represents rhodium or iridium
- - Y represents an coordinating anionic ligand
- - L represents a neutral ligand
- the preferred rhodium or iridium complexes correspond to the formula (XlVa) or (XlVb) in which:
- L represents an olefin having 2 to 12 carbon atoms and two L ligands can be linked together to form a polyunsaturated, linear or cyclic hydrocarbon chain; L preferably representing 1,5-cyclooctadiene, norbornadiene, ethylene,
- - Y represents an anion PF 6 -, PCI 6 -, BF 4 -, BCI 4 -, SbF 6 ", SbCI 6 -, BPh 4 " , CIO 4 -, CN _ , CF3SO3 ", preferably halogen, CI " or Br, a 1,3-diketonate anion, alkylcarboxylate, haloalkylcarboxylate with a lower alkyl radical, a phenylcarboxylate or phenolate anion in which the benzenic ring can be substituted by lower alkyl radicals and / or halogen atoms.
- lower alkyl radicals is generally meant a linear or branched alkyl radical having from 1 to 4 carbon atoms.
- iridium complexes can be represented by the formulas:
- Y 2 identical or different, preferably represent a PFg-, PCI 6 -, BF 4 -, BCI 4 -, SbF 6 " , SbCI 6 -, BPh 4 " , CIO 4 -, CF 3 SO anion 3 -, a halogen atom, more particularly, chlorine or bromine or a carboxylate anion, preferably acetate, trifluoroacetate.
- Ar represents benzene, p-methylisopropylbenzene, hexamethylbenzene,
- Yi represents a halogen atom, preferably chlorine or bromine
- - Y2 preferably represents an anion, a PFg “, PCIg “ , BF “ , BCI 4 ", SbFg “ , SbCl “ , BPh 4 “ , CIO 4 “ , CF3SO3- anion.
- They can be prepared in particular by reaction of the diphosphine of formula (la) or (Ib) with the transition metal compound, in a suitable organic solvent.
- the reaction is carried out at a temperature between room temperature (15 to 25 ° C) and the reflux temperature of the reaction solvent.
- organic solvents there may be mentioned, inter alia, aliphatic hydrocarbons, halogenated or not and more particularly, hexane, heptane, isooctane, decane, benzene, toluene, methylene chloride, chloroform; solvents of ether or ketone type and in particular diethyl ether, tetrahydrofuran, acetone, methyl ethyl ketone; alcohol type solvents, preferably methanol or ethanol.
- aliphatic hydrocarbons halogenated or not and more particularly, hexane, heptane, isooctane, decane, benzene, toluene, methylene chloride, chloroform
- alcohol type solvents preferably methanol or ethanol
- the metal complexes according to the invention recovered according to conventional techniques (filtration or crystallization) are used in asymmetric hydrogenation reactions of substrates specified below.
- Another object of the present invention is to provide a process for the preparation of an optically active carboxylic and / or derivative acid, which process is characterized in that the asymmetric hydrogenation of an ⁇ carboxylic acid is carried out, ⁇ -unsaturated and / or its derivatives in the presence of an effective amount of a metal complex comprising, as ligand, the optically active diphosphine of formula (la) or (Ib) and a transition metal.
- R 1 f R 2 , R3 and R 4 represent a hydrogen atom or any hydrocarbon group, insofar as:
- R 3 can be any hydrocarbon or functional group designated by. . if R ⁇ or R represents a hydrogen atom and if R 1 is different from R2, then R 3 is different from a hydrogen atom and different from -COOR,. if R] is identical to R2 and represents any hydrocarbon or functional group designated by then R3 is different from -CH - ( ⁇ .) 2 and different from -COOR 4 ,
- one of the groups R f R2 and R3 can represent a functional group.
- the radicals R-j to R4 which are identical or different represent an optionally substituted hydrocarbon radical having from 1 to 20 carbon atoms which can be a saturated or unsaturated, linear or branched acyclic aliphatic radical; a saturated, unsaturated or aromatic, monocyclic or polycyclic carbocyclic or heterocyclic radical; a saturated or unsaturated, linear or branched aliphatic radical, carrying a cyclic substituent.
- R- in R4, identical or different can take various meanings. Various examples are given below, but they are in no way limiting.
- radicals R-j to R4 preferably represent an aromatic hydrocarbon radical, and in particular benzenic radical corresponding to the general formula (XVIII):
- - n is an integer from 0 to 5, preferably from 0 to 3,
- R Q represents R Q , one of the following groups or functions:
- an alkyl radical linear or branched, having from 1 to 6 carbon atoms, preferably from 1 to 4 carbon atoms, such as methyl, ethyl, propyl, isopropyl, butyl, isobutyl, sec-butyl, tert-butyl,
- a linear or branched alkenyl radical having from 2 to 6 carbon atoms, preferably from 2 to 4 carbon atoms, such as vinyl, allyl,
- a linear or branched alkoxy radical having from 1 to 6 carbon atoms, preferably from 1 to 4 carbon atoms such as the methoxy, ethoxy, propoxy, isopropoxy, butoxy radicals,
- R5 represents a valence bond or a divalent, linear or branched, saturated or unsaturated hydrocarbon radical having from 1 to 6 carbon atoms such as, for example, methylene, ethylene, propylene, isopropylene, isopropylidene
- R7 represents a hydrogen atom or a linear or branched alkyl radical having from 1 to 6 carbon atoms
- X symbolizes a halogen atom, preferably a chlorine, bromine or fluorine atom.
- R Q represents a value link; a divalent, linear or branched, saturated or unsaturated hydrocarbon group having from 1 to 6 carbon atoms such as, for example, methylene, ethylene, propylene, isopropylene, isopropylidene or one of the following groups called Z: -O-; -CO-; -COO-; -NR 7 -; -CO-NR r ; -S-; -S0 2 -; -NR 7 -
- R 7 represents a hydrogen atom, a linear or branched alkyl group having from 1 to 6 carbon atoms, preferably a methyl or ethyl radical.
- the radicals Q can be identical or different and 2 successive carbon atoms of the benzenic cycle can be linked together by a ketal bridge such as the extranuclear methylene dioxy or ethylene dioxy radicals.
- n is equal to 0, 1, 2 or 3.
- Rj to R4 very preferably in the process of the invention, the carboxylic acids or derivatives corresponding to the general formula (XVII) are used.
- Rj to R4 represent an aromatic radical corresponding to the general formula (XVIII) in which:
- - n is equal to 0, 1, 2 or 3,
- - Q represents one of the following groups or functions:. a hydrogen atom,
- a halogen atom . a CF3 group.
- the compounds of formula (XVII) are chosen in which the identical or different radicals Q are a hydrogen atom, an alkyl radical having from 1 to 4 carbon atoms, a methoxy radical, a benzoyl group, a group NO2.
- to R4 corresponding to the formula (XVII)
- the phenyl, tolyl or xylyl radicals 1-methoxyphenyl, 2-nitrophenyl and the biphenyl, 1,1'-methylenebiphenyl, 1,1'-isopropylidenebiphenyl radicals, 1 , 1'-carboxybiphenyl, 1,1'-oxybiphenyl, 1,1'-iminobiphenyl: the said radicals being able to be substituted by one or more radicals Q as defined above.
- Rj to R4 can also represent a polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon radical; the cycles being able to form between them ortho-condensed, ortho- and peri-condensed systems. Mention may more particularly be made of a naphthalene radical; said rings being able to be substituted by 1 to 4 radicals R Q , preferably 1 to 3, R Q having the meanings stated previously for the substituents of the aromatic hydrocarbon radical of general formula (XVIII).
- R 1 to R 4 may also represent a carbocyclic radical saturated or comprising 1 or 2 unsaturations in the ring, generally having 3 to 7 carbon atoms, preferably 6 carbon atoms in the cycle; said cycle possibly being substituted by 1 to 5 radicals R Q , preferably 1 to 3, R Q having the meanings previously stated for the substituents of the aromatic hydrocarbon radical of general formula (XVIII).
- radicals R-j to R4 mention may be made of cyclohexyl or cyclohexene-yl radicals, optionally substituted by linear or branched alkyl radicals, having from 1 to 4 carbon atoms.
- R-j to R4 can represent an acyclic aliphatic, saturated or unsaturated, linear or branched radieal.
- R 1 to R 4 represent a linear or branched acyclic aliphatic radical preferably having from 1 to 12 carbon atoms, saturated or comprising one to several unsaturations on the chain, generally, 1 to 3 unsaturations which may be single double bonds or conjugates or triple bonds.
- the hydrocarbon chain can optionally be:
- R represents a hydrogen atom, a linear or branched alkyl group having from 1 to 6 carbon atoms, preferably a methyl or ethyl radical,
- R-j to R4 represent an acyclic aliphatic radical, saturated or unsaturated, linear or branched which can optionally carry a cyclic substituent.
- cycle is meant a carbocyclic or heterocyclic, saturated, unsaturated or aromatic cycle.
- the acyclic aliphatic radical can be linked to the ring by a valential bond or by one of the abovementioned Z groups.
- cyclic substituents it is possible to envisage cycloaliphatic, aromatic or heterocyclic, in particular cycloaliphatic substituents comprising 6 carbon atoms in the ring or benzenic, these cyclic substituents themselves being optionally carriers of 1, 2, 3, 4 or 5 radicals R Q , identical or different, R Q having the meanings stated above for the substituents of the aromatic hydrocarbon radical of general formula (XVIII).
- R 1 to R 4 may also represent a heterocyclic radical, saturated or not, comprising in particular 5 or 6 atoms in the ring including 1 or 2 hetero atoms such as the nitrogen, sulfur and oxygen; the carbon atoms of the heterocycle possibly being substituted, in their entirety or for a part of them only by radicals R Q , R Q having the meanings stated above for the substituents of the aromatic hydrocarbon radical of general formula (XVIII ).
- Rj to R4 can also represent a heterocyclic polycyclic radical defined as being either a radical consisting of at least 2 aromatic heterocyclic rings or not containing at least one heteroatom in each cycle and forming between them ortho- or ortho- and peri-condensed systems or either a radical consisting of at least one aromatic or non-aromatic hydrocarbon ring and at least one aromatic or non-aromatic heterocycle forming between them ortho- or ortho- and peri-condensed systems; the carbon atoms of said rings possibly being substituted, in their entirety or for a part of them only by radicals R Q , R Q having the meanings stated above for the substituents of the aromatic hydrocarbon radical of general formula (XVIII).
- groups R 1 to R 4 of heterocyclic type there may be mentioned, among others, the furyl, pyrrolyl, thienyl, isoxazolyl, furazannyl, isothiazolyl, imidazolyl, pyrazolyl, pyridyl, pyridazinyl, pyrimidinyl, pyrannyl and quinolyl radicals, naphthyridinyl, benzopyrannyl, benzofurannyl, indolyl.
- R ⁇ to R3 represents a functional group and mention may in particular be made of functional groups of the NRgR'g type in which R9, R'g, identical or different represent a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group, linear or branched having from 1 to 12 carbon atoms, a phenyl group, a benzyl group or an acyl group having preferably from 2 to 12 carbon atoms, an acetyl group or benzoyl.
- a first class of substrates to which the process of the invention is more preferably applied are substituted acrylic acids which are precursors of amino acids and / or derivatives.
- substituted acrylic acids is meant all of the compounds whose formula derives from that of acrylic acid and by substituting at most two of the hydrogen atoms carried by the ethylenic carbon atoms by a hydrocarbon group or by a functional group. They can be as follows:
- Rg, R'g, identical or different represent a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group, linear or branched having from 1 to 12 carbon atoms, a phenyl group or an acyl group preferably having from 2 to 12 carbon atoms , an acetyl or benzoyl group,
- R ⁇ represents a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group having from 1 to 12 carbon atoms, a cycloalkyl radical having from 3 to 8 carbon atoms, an arylalkyl radical having from 6 to 12 carbon atoms, an aryl radical having from 6 to 12 carbon atoms, a heterocyclic radical having 4 to 7 carbon atoms,
- R-J O represents a hydrogen atom or a linear or branched alkyl group, having from 1 to 4 carbon atoms.
- an alkyl group such as methyl, ethyl, isopropyl, isobutyl; a cycloalkyl group such as cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl; an aromatic group such as phenyl, naphthyl or a heterocyclic group such as furyl, pyrannyl, benzopyrannyl, pyrrolyl, pyridyl, indolyl.
- the R-jo group is preferably a hydrogen atom.
- substituted acrylic acids which are precursors of amino acids, there may be mentioned N-acetyl ⁇ -amino ⁇ -phenylacrylic acid, N-benzoyl ⁇ -amino ⁇ -phenylacrylic acid, in which the phenyl nucleus is optionally substituted with a or more alkyl, alkyloxy or hydroxy groups, N-acetyl ⁇ -amino ⁇ -indolylacrylic acid, N-benzoyl ⁇ -amino ⁇ -indolylacrylic acid, N-acetyl ⁇ -amino ⁇ -isobutyl acrylic acid.
- R 12 identical or different, represent a hydrogen atom, a linear or branched alkyl group having from 1 to 12 carbon atoms, a cycloalkyl radical having from 3 to 8 carbon atoms, an arylalkyl radical having from 6 to 12 carbon atoms, an aryl radical having from 6 to 12 carbon atoms, a heterocyclic radical having from 4 to 7 carbon atoms, - Rio- '10 > identical or different represent a hydrogen atom or a linear alkyl group or branched, having from 1 to 4 carbon atoms.
- the preferred substrates correspond to the formula (XVIIb) in which Rj -j, Rj 2, identical or different, represent a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group having from 1 to 4 atoms carbon and RJ Q, R'-J O- identical or different represent a hydrogen atom or a methyl group.
- R-J O represents a hydrogen atom or a linear or branched alkyl group, having from 1 to 4 carbon atoms,
- R-j 3 represents a phenyl or naphthyl group, optionally carrying a substituent or more substituents R:
- RQ can represent RQ, one of the following groups: a linear or branched alkyl or alkenyl group having from 1 to 12 carbon atoms, preferably a linear or branched alkyl group having from 1 to 4 carbon atoms,
- a linear or branched alkoxy group having from 1 to 12 carbon atoms preferably a linear or branched alkoxy group having from 1 to 4 carbon atoms
- acyloxy group having 2 to 8 carbon atoms, preferably an acetoxy group
- acylamido group having from 1 to 8 carbon atoms, preferably an acetamido group
- R 0 - R can represent R 0 ', one of the following more complex groups:. a formula group
- - RQ represents a value link; a divalent, linear or branched, saturated or unsaturated hydrocarbon group having from 1 to 6 carbon atoms such as, for example, methylene, ethylene, propylene, isopropylene, isopropylidene or one of the following groups called Z: -0-; -CO-; -COO-; -NR 7 -; -CO-NR7-; -S-; -SO2-; -NR7-CO-; in said formulas R7 represents a hydrogen atom, a linear or branched alkyl group having from 1 to 6 carbon atoms,
- - m is an integer from 0 to 4.
- the selective asymmetric hydrogenation of said substrates is carried out using as catalysts the metal complexes of the invention liganded by the optically active diphosphines of general formula (la) or (Ib).
- diphosphine-transition metal When the complexes of the invention diphosphine-transition metal are used as a catalyst for asymmetric hydrogenation of unsaturated carboxylic acids, the desired product can be obtained with a high optical yield.
- the unsaturated carboxylic acid is hydrogenated into a compound having the desired absolute configuration, with a high optical yield.
- the hydrogenation is generally carried out at a temperature between
- the hydrogen pressure can be between 0.1 and 200 bar, and more preferably between 1 and 150 bar.
- the diphosphine / transition metal complex is used in such a way that the ratio between the number of metal atoms present in the complex and the number of moles of the compound to be hydrogenated is between 0.1 and 0.0001.
- the hydrogenation process is preferably carried out in an organic solvent. Any solvent is used insofar as it is stable under the reaction conditions.
- Use is preferably made of a polar organic solvent and more particularly of the following solvents: - aliphatic, cycloaliphatic or aromatic ether-oxides and, more particularly, diethyl ether, dipropyl ether, diisopropyl ether, dibutyl ether, methyitertiobutyl ether, ditertiobutyl ether , ethylene glycol dimethyl ether, diethylene glycol dimethyl ether; diphenyl ether, dibenzyl ether, anisole, phenetole, 1,4-dimethoxybenzene, veratrole; 1, 4-dioxane, tetrahydrofuran O ⁇ F),
- aliphatic monoalcohols such as methanol, ethanol, propanol, butanol, sec-butanol, tert-butanol, pentanol, hexanol
- aliphatic dialcohols such as ethylene glycol, diethylene glycol, propylene glycol
- cycloaliphatic alcohols such as cyclopentanol, cyclohexanol
- - aliphatic ketones such as acetone, methyl ethyl ketone, diethyl ketone,
- Aliphatic esters such as in particular methyl acetate, ethyl acetate, propyl acetate.
- concentration of the substrate in the organic solvent advantageously varies between 0.01 and 1 mol / l.
- This basic compound may be an alkaline base such as sodium or potassium hydroxide or else a primary, secondary or tertiary amine, and more particularly, pyridine, piperidine, triethylamine and preferably triethylamine.
- the amount of base added is such that the ratio between the number of moles of base and the number of metal atoms present in the diphosphine / transition metal complex is between 0 and 25, preferably between 0 and 12. We gives below a preferred embodiment of the process of the invention.
- Said process is carried out in an autoclave which is purged using an inert gas, preferably nitrogen.
- the substrate is preferably loaded in solution in organic solvent, then the catalyst also in solution in organic solvent.
- Nitrogen is replaced by hydrogen.
- the hydrogenation is complete when the hydrogen pressure becomes stable.
- the hydrogenation process according to the invention allows access to the different enantiomers of many derivatives.
- the implementation of the new diphosphines of the invention makes it possible to obtain the improvement of the enantiomeric excess in certain reactions of asymmetric catalysis, in particular in the reactions of allylic substitution [M. YAMAGUSI et al, Tetrahedron Letters 21, p. 5049 (1990) and [M. MAYASHI et al, Tetrahedron Letters 27, p. 191 (1986)].
- esters preferably 1,3-diphenyl-3-acetoxypropene
- malonic acid preferably malonate dimethyl or diethyl
- the reaction is carried out in the presence of a complex comprising an optically active diphosphine and palladium: the ligand corresponding to one of the following formulas (la) or (Ib).
- the palladium precursor preferably chosen corresponds to the formula
- the reaction is preferably carried out in a polar aprotic solvent, in particular an aliphatic or aromatic halogenated hydrocarbon or a solvent of nitrile type, preferably acetonitrile, an aliphatic, cycloaliphatic or aromatic ether oxide and, more particularly, the diethyl ether, dipropyl ether, diisopropyl ether, dibutyl ether, methyertertiobutyl ether, dipentyl ether, diisopentyl ether, ethylene glycol dimethyl ether (or 1,2- dimethoxyethane), dimethyl ether of diethylene glycol (or 1,5-dimethoxy 3-oxapentane); benzyl oxide; dioxane, tetrahydrofuran (THF).
- a polar aprotic solvent in particular an aliphatic or aromatic halogenated hydrocarbon or a solvent of nitrile type, preferably acetonitrile, an ali
- tetrahydrofuran is preferably used.
- the amount of organic solvent used can vary widely.
- the ratio between the number of moles of solvent and the number of moles of substrate can range from 10 to 40 and it is preferably between 20 and 25.
- the molar ratio of the ester of malonic acid / unsaturated substrate generally varies between 1 and 5, preferably between 1 and 3.
- the ester of malonic acid which is reacted can be in the form of an anion.
- a nucleophile preferably sodium hydride.
- the hydride is used in an amount ranging from the stoichiometric amount to an excess, for example of 20%.
- the reaction is advantageously carried out at low temperature, preferably between -10 ° C and 10 ° C, preferably around 0 ° C.
- the anion of the malonic ester is first formed by reaction of the latter with sodium hydride, then the substrate and the catalyst obtained beforehand by reaction of the salt are added.
- palladium and ligand in an organic solvent, preferably tetrahydrofuran.
- the reaction is advantageously carried out at ambient temperature, that is to say at a temperature generally ranging from 15 ° C. to 25 ° C.
- the coupling product is obtained in the allylic position.
- Examples 5, 7 and 8 relate to the preparation of catalysts which are used in application examples 6, 9 and 10.
- a diphosphine is prepared corresponding to the following formula:
- the 1,1'-bis- (3,4-dimethylphosphole) is extracted under nitrogen from the medium, using hexane.
- the residue is then purified by chromatography on a silica column (elution with hexane to remove the excess methylphenylacetylene then with a hexane / dichloromethane mixture: 80/20 by volume).
- the overall yield is 30%.
- the two diastereoisomers are separated by chromatography on a silica column by elution with ethyl acetate and then with an ethyl acetate / methanol mixture (90/10 by volume).
- trichlorosilane is neutralized with an aqueous sodium hydroxide solution at 30% by weight, then the aqueous phase is extracted three times with ether, the organic phases are combined and then washed with a saturated solution of sodium chloride.
- the organic phase is dried over magnesium sulfate, and evaporated under reduced pressure.
- the phosphine (lr) thus obtained is purified on a column of deactivated silica gel (elution dichloromethane).
- the overall reduction yield is 95%.
- a diphosphine is prepared corresponding to the following formula:
- the spectrum is composed of 2 singlets corresponding to the two diastereoisomers.
- the mixture Im + lr previously obtained is dissolved in 50 ml of toluene and oxidized with 10 ml of a hydrogen peroxide solution at 30% by weight of hydrogen peroxide, introduced in excess. The mixture is then heated to 70 ° C with mechanical stirring for 30 min.
- the two diastereoisomers are separated by chromatography on a silica column by elution with ethyl acetate and then with an ethyl acetate / methanol mixture (90/10 by volume).
- the organic phase is dried over magnesium sulfate, and evaporated under reduced pressure.
- the phosphine (lr) thus obtained is purified on a column of deactivated silica gel (elution dichloromethane).
- the diphosphine (la) is then extracted with dichloromethane.
- the organic phase is washed with water and then dried over sodium sulfate.
- Example 3 In this example, a diphosphine is prepared corresponding to the following formula:
- the mixture (Im) + (lr) previously obtained is dissolved in 50 ml of toluene and oxidized with 4.5 g of a hydrogen peroxide solution at 30% by weight of hydrogen peroxide, introduced in excess. The mixture is then heated to 70 ° C with mechanical stirring for 3 h.
- the two diastereoisomers are separated by chromatography on a silica column by elution with ethyl acetate and then with an ethyl acetate / methanol mixture (95/05 by volume).
- the overall yield (IXm) + (IXr) is 100%.
- the overall reduction yield is 89%.
- the diphosphine is then extracted with dichloromethane.
- the organic phase is washed with water and then dried over sodium sulfate.
- the overall efficiency of the decomplexation is 85%.
- Example 4 In this example, a diphosphine is prepared corresponding to the following formula:
- the mixture dm) + (lr) previously obtained is dissolved in 50 ml of toluene and oxidized with 4.6 g of a hydrogen peroxide solution at 30% by weight of hydrogen peroxide, introduced in excess. The mixture is then heated to 70 ° C with mechanical stirring for 3 h.
- the overall reduction yield is 90%.
- a decomplexation is carried out with sodium cyanide, in dichloromethane, as previously described.
- the diphosphine is then extracted with dichloromethane.
- the organic phase is washed with water and then dried over sodium sulfate.
- the overall efficiency of the decomplexation is 85%.
- Example 5 In this example, the preparation of a complex of formula is described.
- the acetone is evaporated and the residue is dissolved in 5 ml of methanol.
- the 2 solutions are then introduced into an autoclave previously purged and maintained under a nitrogen atmosphere.
- the excess hydrogen is emptied and the reaction solution is recovered.
- the solvent is evaporated and the residue analyzed by NMR " ⁇ to check the progress of the reaction.
- the reaction is quantitative.
- the enantiomeric excess is determined by chiral high performance liquid chromatography (chiral column HSA protein 150 x 6.4 mm Shandon®) and the absolute configuration of the product by measurement of VCLQ, by polarimetry.
- the medium is heated to the reflux temperature of the solvent.
- reaction medium is hydrolyzed with 4 ml of acetic acid and then extracted with ether.
- the organic phase is washed with water, dried over anhydrous magnesium sulfate and then evaporated under reduced pressure of 25 mm of mercury.
- the diphosphine of Example 1 is prepared according to the same procedure, with the difference that the meso and d / 1 diastereoisomers are separated according to a sulphide and then oxide route.
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Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (4)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US09/367,552 US6288279B1 (en) | 1997-03-04 | 1998-03-04 | 6′,6-bis-(1-phosphanorbornadiene) diphosphines |
AU68384/98A AU6838498A (en) | 1997-03-04 | 1998-03-04 | 6,6'-bis-(1-phosphanorbornadiene) diphosphines |
EP98913825A EP0968220A1 (fr) | 1997-03-04 | 1998-03-04 | Diphosphines de 6,6'-bis-(1-phosphanorbornadiene) |
JP53823598A JP2001513805A (ja) | 1997-03-04 | 1998-03-04 | 6,6’−ビス−(1−ホスファノルボルナジエン)ジホスフィン |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
FR9702524A FR2760457B1 (fr) | 1997-03-04 | 1997-03-04 | Nouvelles diphosphines de 6,6'-bis-(1-phosphanorbornadiene), leur preparation et leurs applications |
FR97/02524 | 1997-03-04 |
Related Child Applications (2)
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US09/367,552 A-371-Of-International US6288279B1 (en) | 1997-03-04 | 1998-03-04 | 6′,6-bis-(1-phosphanorbornadiene) diphosphines |
US09/871,689 Division US6521795B2 (en) | 1997-03-04 | 2001-06-04 | 6,6′-bis-(1-phosphanorbornadiene) diphosphines, their preparation and their uses |
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WO1998039345A1 true WO1998039345A1 (fr) | 1998-09-11 |
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PCT/FR1998/000424 WO1998039345A1 (fr) | 1997-03-04 | 1998-03-04 | Diphosphines de 6,6'-bis-(1-phosphanorbornadiene) |
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Country | Link |
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US (3) | US6288279B1 (fr) |
EP (1) | EP0968220A1 (fr) |
JP (1) | JP2001513805A (fr) |
AU (1) | AU6838498A (fr) |
FR (1) | FR2760457B1 (fr) |
WO (1) | WO1998039345A1 (fr) |
Cited By (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
FR2775974A1 (fr) * | 1998-03-16 | 1999-09-17 | Rhodia Chimie Sa | Procede de separation de diastereoisomeres d'une diphosphine et preparation de diphosphines optiquement actives |
FR2785611A1 (fr) * | 1998-11-06 | 2000-05-12 | Rhodia Chimie Sa | Derives de type phosphine-phosphite, leur procede de preparation et leur utilisation pour la preparation de catalyseurs utiles dans les reactions d'hydroformylation des olefines |
WO2001058589A1 (fr) * | 2000-02-10 | 2001-08-16 | Basf Aktiengesellschaft | COMPOSES DU PHOSPHORE, DE L'ARSENIC ET DE L'ANTIMOINE A BASE DE CORPS DE BASE BICYCLO `2.2.N! DIARYLANNELES |
Families Citing this family (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
FR2785610B1 (fr) * | 1998-11-06 | 2001-02-09 | Rhodia Chimie Sa | Procede de dedoublement d'un melange racemique d'aldehydes, procede de preparation dudit aldehyde et utilisation dudit aldehyde sous forme de l'un de ses enantiomeres ou sous forme racemique |
DE102004049339A1 (de) * | 2004-10-08 | 2006-04-13 | Basf Ag | Verfahren zur Reinigung von phosphorhaltigen Chelat-Liganden |
DE102006011867A1 (de) * | 2006-03-15 | 2007-09-20 | Saltigo Gmbh | Verfahren zur Rückgewinnung von phosphorhaltigen Liganden, aus Metallkomplexen mit Phosphinliganden |
Citations (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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WO1996020202A1 (fr) * | 1994-12-28 | 1996-07-04 | Rhone-Poulenc Chimie | Diphosphines optiquement actives, leur preparation par dedoublement du melange racemique |
-
1997
- 1997-03-04 FR FR9702524A patent/FR2760457B1/fr not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
1998
- 1998-03-04 US US09/367,552 patent/US6288279B1/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1998-03-04 AU AU68384/98A patent/AU6838498A/en not_active Abandoned
- 1998-03-04 EP EP98913825A patent/EP0968220A1/fr not_active Withdrawn
- 1998-03-04 WO PCT/FR1998/000424 patent/WO1998039345A1/fr not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1998-03-04 JP JP53823598A patent/JP2001513805A/ja active Pending
-
2001
- 2001-06-04 US US09/871,689 patent/US6521795B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
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2003
- 2003-01-15 US US10/342,200 patent/US20030162994A1/en not_active Abandoned
Patent Citations (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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WO1996020202A1 (fr) * | 1994-12-28 | 1996-07-04 | Rhone-Poulenc Chimie | Diphosphines optiquement actives, leur preparation par dedoublement du melange racemique |
Cited By (7)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
FR2775974A1 (fr) * | 1998-03-16 | 1999-09-17 | Rhodia Chimie Sa | Procede de separation de diastereoisomeres d'une diphosphine et preparation de diphosphines optiquement actives |
WO1999047475A1 (fr) * | 1998-03-16 | 1999-09-23 | Rhodia Chimie | Procede de separation de diastereoisomeres d'une diphosphine |
US6632969B1 (en) | 1998-03-16 | 2003-10-14 | Rhodia Chimie | Method for separating a diphosphine diastereoisomers |
FR2785611A1 (fr) * | 1998-11-06 | 2000-05-12 | Rhodia Chimie Sa | Derives de type phosphine-phosphite, leur procede de preparation et leur utilisation pour la preparation de catalyseurs utiles dans les reactions d'hydroformylation des olefines |
WO2000027854A1 (fr) * | 1998-11-06 | 2000-05-18 | Rhodia Chimie | Derives de type phosphine-phosphite |
WO2001058589A1 (fr) * | 2000-02-10 | 2001-08-16 | Basf Aktiengesellschaft | COMPOSES DU PHOSPHORE, DE L'ARSENIC ET DE L'ANTIMOINE A BASE DE CORPS DE BASE BICYCLO `2.2.N! DIARYLANNELES |
US6977312B2 (en) | 2000-02-10 | 2005-12-20 | Basf Aktiengesellschaft | Phosphor, arsenic and antimony compounds based upon diaryl-anellated bicyclo[2.2.n] parent substances and catalysts containing same |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
FR2760457A1 (fr) | 1998-09-11 |
US20020042540A1 (en) | 2002-04-11 |
EP0968220A1 (fr) | 2000-01-05 |
US20030162994A1 (en) | 2003-08-28 |
US6521795B2 (en) | 2003-02-18 |
JP2001513805A (ja) | 2001-09-04 |
AU6838498A (en) | 1998-09-22 |
FR2760457B1 (fr) | 1999-04-23 |
US6288279B1 (en) | 2001-09-11 |
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