WO1998012335A1 - Nematodenresistenzgen - Google Patents
Nematodenresistenzgen Download PDFInfo
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- WO1998012335A1 WO1998012335A1 PCT/EP1997/005130 EP9705130W WO9812335A1 WO 1998012335 A1 WO1998012335 A1 WO 1998012335A1 EP 9705130 W EP9705130 W EP 9705130W WO 9812335 A1 WO9812335 A1 WO 9812335A1
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- C07K14/415—Peptides having more than 20 amino acids; Gastrins; Somatostatins; Melanotropins; Derivatives thereof from plants
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- C12N15/00—Mutation or genetic engineering; DNA or RNA concerning genetic engineering, vectors, e.g. plasmids, or their isolation, preparation or purification; Use of hosts therefor
- C12N15/09—Recombinant DNA-technology
- C12N15/63—Introduction of foreign genetic material using vectors; Vectors; Use of hosts therefor; Regulation of expression
- C12N15/79—Vectors or expression systems specially adapted for eukaryotic hosts
- C12N15/82—Vectors or expression systems specially adapted for eukaryotic hosts for plant cells, e.g. plant artificial chromosomes (PACs)
- C12N15/8216—Methods for controlling, regulating or enhancing expression of transgenes in plant cells
- C12N15/8222—Developmentally regulated expression systems, tissue, organ specific, temporal or spatial regulation
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- C12N15/00—Mutation or genetic engineering; DNA or RNA concerning genetic engineering, vectors, e.g. plasmids, or their isolation, preparation or purification; Use of hosts therefor
- C12N15/09—Recombinant DNA-technology
- C12N15/63—Introduction of foreign genetic material using vectors; Vectors; Use of hosts therefor; Regulation of expression
- C12N15/79—Vectors or expression systems specially adapted for eukaryotic hosts
- C12N15/82—Vectors or expression systems specially adapted for eukaryotic hosts for plant cells, e.g. plant artificial chromosomes (PACs)
- C12N15/8216—Methods for controlling, regulating or enhancing expression of transgenes in plant cells
- C12N15/8222—Developmentally regulated expression systems, tissue, organ specific, temporal or spatial regulation
- C12N15/8223—Vegetative tissue-specific promoters
- C12N15/8227—Root-specific
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- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
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- C12N15/00—Mutation or genetic engineering; DNA or RNA concerning genetic engineering, vectors, e.g. plasmids, or their isolation, preparation or purification; Use of hosts therefor
- C12N15/09—Recombinant DNA-technology
- C12N15/63—Introduction of foreign genetic material using vectors; Vectors; Use of hosts therefor; Regulation of expression
- C12N15/79—Vectors or expression systems specially adapted for eukaryotic hosts
- C12N15/82—Vectors or expression systems specially adapted for eukaryotic hosts for plant cells, e.g. plant artificial chromosomes (PACs)
- C12N15/8241—Phenotypically and genetically modified plants via recombinant DNA technology
- C12N15/8261—Phenotypically and genetically modified plants via recombinant DNA technology with agronomic (input) traits, e.g. crop yield
- C12N15/8271—Phenotypically and genetically modified plants via recombinant DNA technology with agronomic (input) traits, e.g. crop yield for stress resistance, e.g. heavy metal resistance
- C12N15/8279—Phenotypically and genetically modified plants via recombinant DNA technology with agronomic (input) traits, e.g. crop yield for stress resistance, e.g. heavy metal resistance for biotic stress resistance, pathogen resistance, disease resistance
- C12N15/8285—Phenotypically and genetically modified plants via recombinant DNA technology with agronomic (input) traits, e.g. crop yield for stress resistance, e.g. heavy metal resistance for biotic stress resistance, pathogen resistance, disease resistance for nematode resistance
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/10—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in agriculture
- Y02A40/146—Genetically Modified [GMO] plants, e.g. transgenic plants
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a nucleic acid which induces resistance to sedentary nematodes in plants, preferably the families of the Solanaceae and / or C enopodiaceae and / or the Brassicaceae, particularly preferably of the genus Beta and / or Brassica and / or Solarrum.
- the present invention also relates to the DNA sequence of a cDNA clone and a genomic clone of this nucleic acid.
- the present invention further relates to a vector which e.g. an yeast artificial chromosome ("YAC") which contains the nucleic acid for resistance to sedentary nematodes in plants.
- YAC yeast artificial chromosome
- the present invention relates to the use of the nucleic acid or the vector for inducing resistance to sedentary nematodes in plants and to a transgenic plant which contains the nucleic acid or the vector.
- the invention further relates to the protein encoded by the nucleic acid, a test kit containing the nucleic acid and / or the vector, and a method of a transgenic plant and a method for producing nematode resistance in plants.
- the invention relates to the promoter of the resistance gene.
- Nematodes are important Rasites that cause damage of around DM 150 million per year in crops all over the world. Nematodes of the genera Meloidogyne, Heterodera and Globodera are particularly harmful. They permanently settle in the roots of the infected plant after they have induced certain nutritional structures.
- the nematode Heterodera schachtii has a broad host spectrum, which includes many types of different plant families, for example the Chenopodiaceae and Brassicaceae.
- the life cycle of nematodes is divided into four larval stages (J1-J4).
- the roots are infected by J2 juvenile stadiums, which migrate to the central cylinder, where they induce the development of syncytia.
- These extensive nutritional structures result from partial cell wall degradation between the cells of the xylem parenchyma.
- the nematode ends its adult life cycle after three stages.
- the female nematodes swell and eventually destroy the root cortex while still feeding on the syncytia.
- the male stages stop feeding after the end of the third stage and, when they grow up, move towards the female stages, which are attracted to them by sex pheromones.
- the mature female stages are filled with eggs. After their death, they form a cyst in which the infectious larvae (J2) can survive in the earth for up to 10 years.
- Nematode resistance genes are believed to elicit an incompatible host-parasite response that has been described at the cellular level.
- the roots of plants that carry this gene (s) are affected by J2 juvenile stages, but most of the nematodes die in the late J2 stage due to the breakdown of the initiated syncytium. In rare cases you can female stages develop, but which show a transparent appearance and stop growing. In this way, the nematodes cannot complete their life cycle.
- Beta genus e.g. sugar beet, fodder beet, chard, beetroot
- Beta genus e.g. sugar beet, fodder beet, chard, beetroot
- beet cyst nematode Heterodera schachtii It has been working for a long time to create resistance to Heterodera schachtii and other phytopathogenic nematodes (e.g. Globodera) in plants, especially crop plants, because they lack corresponding resistance genes.
- the only sources of resistance are the wild species Beta procumbens and its close relatives B. webbiana and B. patellaris.
- Genes for resistance to different types of nematodes are used for breeding in different types of crops (e.g. potato, tomato, wheat, oil radish).
- a resistance gene from the wild species Beta procumbens was also transferred to the sugar beet by crossing the species. From this, resistant sugar beets could be selected, but they had the disadvantage that they were characterized by poor quality and performance properties.
- the resistant sugar beet lines that resulted from crossing species with Beta procumbens have alternately large translocations from the wild beets of the Procumbentes section. Their low performance and reduced quality is probably due to the fact that in addition to the resistance gene there are other performance-altering genes from the wild species in these sugar beet lines. That too is Transmission of resistance to incomplete generations.
- a further object according to the present invention was to enable the use of such a gene for inducing resistance to sedentary nematodes.
- Figure 1 shows a Northern analysis of total RNA from leaves and roots.
- Total RNA was isolated from leaves and roots of six week old plants that were either (1) infected or (2) uninfected. The full length 1832 cDNA was used as a probe. 20 ⁇ g of total RNA were separated in 1.3% agarose and transferred to nylon membranes. The filter was hybridized with the radiolabelled probe at 60 ° C. overnight and then washed for 2 ⁇ 30 min at 60 ° C. in 0.2 ⁇ SSC.
- Chen gene allows cultivated plants to be grown which are resistant to sedentary nematodes.
- Such resistant crop plants are of course far superior to their non-resistant relatives since they cannot be infected by nematodes and are therefore less susceptible to disease.
- nucleic acid that bears the resistance to sedentary nematodes in plants it is also possible to obtain resistant plants which nevertheless have the same high quality and performance as other, non-resistant crop plants. This is due to the fact that a single nucleic acid, namely the nucleic acid for resistance to sedentary nematodes, is transferred into the plants, while in conventional breeding methods, besides the desired genes, other DNA sequences are also transferred, which may code for undesirable properties.
- the nucleic acid which induces resistance to sedentary nematodes particularly preferably comprises a translated region which is at least 60% homologous to the sequence of the Hsl pro ⁇ gene from Beta procumbens. These include the homologous genes from Beta webbiana and Beta patellaris.
- the HSl pro ⁇ gene from Beta procumbens bears resistance to sedentary nematodes in plants.
- a 60% homology with the DNA sequence listed above is already sufficient to induce the desired property of resistance to sedentary nematodes in a plant which carries this nucleic acid.
- Genes according to the invention can also be obtained by searching gene banks with the sequence 1832, and the hybridization conditions can be selected as follows:
- Hybridization temperature 50 ° C, preferably 60 ° C, and washing the filter in 0.5 x SSC, preferably in 0.2 x SSC for 30 minutes, for example.
- the nucleic acid which induces resistance to sedentary nematodes in plants and which comprises the following DNA sequence is particularly preferred:
- nucleic acids which encode a protein which confers the same nematode resistance as the gene product encoded by nucleic acid No. 1832 above, preferably all of these gene products comprising the same amino acid sequence.
- the nucleic acid is preferably a cDNA.
- the nucleic acid which induces resistance to sedentary nematodes in plants is a genomic DNA which comprises the following DNA sequence:
- the present invention comprises the sequence according to Seq.Id.No3. (also referred to as 1832A1).
- nucleic acid that is obtainable by searching a DNA library with a DNA sequence as described above and that codes for nematode resistance, as demonstrated for clone 1832.
- the nucleic acid preferably originates from a wild species of the Procumbentes section of the genus Beta.
- the nucleic acid particularly preferably dissolves resistance to sedentary nematodes of the genera Meloidogyne. Heterodera and / or globodera. Induction of resistance to Heterodera schachtii in plants is very particularly preferred. Resistance to sedentary nematodes is particularly preferably induced in plants of the Beta vulcraris species.
- nematode resistance When such a gene is introduced into the plants to be modified, only the property of nematode resistance is generally influenced. No pleotropic gene effects are to be expected. This means that the performance of the breeding material remains unaffected.
- the transgenic plants that express the above gene show an incompatible reaction to cyst nematodes. It can be used for Breeding resistant varieties can be used. Since it is a natural resistance nucleic acid from wild species of the Procumbentes section of the genus Beta, no acceptance problems with regard to genetically modified plants are expected. Nematode-resistant varieties that have the above-mentioned gene can lead to an increase in the proportion of host cultures in the crop rotation.
- HSI pro ⁇ sequence is not only active in plants of the genus Beta, but it is also capable of nematode resistance in plants of other genera, such as, for example, in Arabidopsis thaliana. to create.
- Whether a sequence found has the potential to confer nematode resistance on a plant can be checked using conventional tests, as will be explained in more detail below, for example.
- a vector particularly preferably an artificial yeast chromosome
- yeast artificial chromosome YAC
- YAC yeast artificial chromosome
- the YAC can e.g. contain the following DNA sequence:
- YACs A 60% homology to the nucleic acids contained in the YACs is sufficient to induce resistance in the plants.
- Preferred YACs are the following: TABLE 1
- resistance to nematodes of the genera Meloidogyne, Heterodera and / or Globodera is induced in plants. Resistance to Heterodera schachtii is particularly preferred.
- Resistance to sedentary nematodes is preferably induced in plants of the Beta vulgaris species.
- the invention further relates to the use of the nucleic acid or the vector, as described above, for inducing resistance to sedentary nematodes in plants.
- the invention is also directed to a transgenic plant containing the nucleic acid or vector as described above.
- the gene can be transformed into plants by transformation using standard methods either under the control of a constitutive promoter or under the control of the internal promoter, which is upstream of the translated sequence. be brought to the pression. This causes an incompatible reaction with the sedentary nematodes, in particular the cyan atode Heterodera schachtii.
- the upstream promoter region of the gene comprising approximately 1500 nucleotides can be used for the root-specific expression of any genes in any plants. Promoters are included which are derived from the 5 'untranslated region of the HSl p o_ gene and show the same promoter activity as the HSl pro ⁇ gene promoter.
- a preferred promoter is located within the Xbal fragment between nucleotide positions 1 and 1521 in sequence 1832.1. Also preferred are promoters which differ from the promoter mentioned by e.g. Derive insertions, deletions, substitutions and / or inversions and maintain the same promoter activity or even show stronger promoter activity. The presence of promoter activity can be determined using the customary methods, as explained below using the examples.
- the 1832 promoter is activated in Arabidopsis thiana with the result that the sequence 1832, under the control of the promoter mentioned, causes resistance to Heterodera schachtii in this host.
- the transgenic plant belongs to the Beta or Brassica genus.
- the transgenic plant particularly preferably belongs to the Beta vulqaris species.
- the invention is also directed to cells, seeds or parts of plants containing the nucleic acid or vector as described above.
- the invention is directed to the protein encoded by the nucleic acid and to derivatives thereof with the same resistance-imparting properties.
- the proteins according to the invention can be obtained by expression of the nucleic acid according to the invention in a suitable host such as bacteria, yeast, mammalian and plant cells.
- the invention also relates to a test kit containing a nucleic acid or vector as described above or a protein as described above.
- the invention further relates to a method for producing a plant, characterized in that a nucleic acid, as described above, is introduced into a plant cell and a plant is regenerated from the plant cell.
- the present invention relates to a method for producing a nematode resistance in plants, which is characterized in that a nucleic acid, as described above, is introduced into a nematode-sensitive plant.
- the invention also relates to a promoter which also controls the expression of the nucleic acid described above and which is characterized in that it is root-specific active.
- the 5 'flanking region of the gene contains typical elements of eukaryotic promoters, such as the TATA box.
- the promoter is obviously root-specific, because according to Northern analysis with leaf and root RNA only a signal with root RNA was found. This is also confirmed by experiments with transgenic potatoes using a fusion product from the 1832 promoter and the GUS gene have been transformed. There the roots showed a clear color reaction, which indicated activity of the 1832 promoter.
- the 5 'region of the 1832 gene comprising 1521 nucleotides and derivatives thereof with corresponding promoter activity can thus be used for the expression of any genes, in particular in root tissues, of different plants.
- Suitable derivatives are those which have at least 10% of the promoter activity of the 1832.1 sequence. Examples of use are the expression of genes for resistance to nematodes and resistance to other root-borne pathogens, and expression of genes which are involved in sucrose translocation and in general of genes which are involved in sucrose or inulin storage.
- Derivatives of the promoter according to the invention are sequences which differ from the promoter of the 1832 gene e.g. by deletions, insertions, base changes etc., while maintaining the promoter properties of the 1832 gene promoter.
- the invention relates to a primer for PCR, obtainable from sequence no. 1832.1.
- a B. procumbens-specific satellite (pRK643) was cloned from one of the fragment addition lines. Southern analysis showed that all of the tested resistant lines were true of this satellite. gene, which indicated that it is distributed in the region of the genome of the wild species B. procumbens in which the gene is located. This marker was found to be helpful in identifying the translocation line with the smallest segment of the beet among a plurality of chromosomal mutants. This line was chosen for the positional cloning of the gene. The marker pRK643 co-segregated perfectly with resistance in a segregating F2 population of 241 individuals. Using this satellite arker as a probe, 3 clones were extracted from a YAC library of line A906001, which included the HSI pro ⁇ gene region.
- a cDNA library was created from the roots of nematode-infected A906001 plants and screened with the three YACs, resulting in the isolation of three cDNA clones, numbers 1832, 1845 and 1859 leads.
- Clone 1845 showed cross-hybridization with sugar beet DNA, while clone 1859 showed multiple band patterns with the DNA of both susceptible and resistant beets.
- the further work concentrated on the cDNA 1832 because:
- clone 1832 represented a beet-specific gene that is only expressed in roots and is stimulated after nematode infection.
- Hair root cultures obtained by induction with Agrobacterium rhizogenes were obtained and used for the genetic complementation analysis.
- the hair root cultures of the sugar beet proved to be a suitable substrate for root pathogens.
- the compatible reaction of the susceptible as well as the incompatible reaction of the resistant roots to cyst nematodes is maintained in hair root cultures of the sugar beet.
- a susceptible sugar beet line (No. 93161p) was transformed with the 1450 base pair (bp) cDNA 1832 using an A. rhizogenes-mediated gene transfer.
- the genetic modification of the transformants was confirmed by GUS assay and DNA blot analysis.
- the amino acid sequence of the predicted polypeptide can be divided into four different subdones.
- a putative signal peptide domain A
- a leucine-rich region domain C
- LRR repeating leucine-rich units
- LRRs of the HS1 pro ⁇ polypeptide are poorly conserved compared to the consensus sequence of the LRR consensus superfamily.
- the leucine and aliphatic residues at positions 2, 5 and 16 are located in the same position as in the LRR superfamily consensus.
- the highly conserved asparagine at position C is substituted with a leucine / isoleucine. This asparagine also falls within the consensus LRRs of the RPS2 polypeptide.
- the hydrophobic domain of 17aa of the HSl pro ⁇ gene (domain F) indicates a transmembrane segment.
- the C-terminal domain contains aa with positively charged residues and a putative N-glycosylation site.
- the elicitor receptor model of the plant pathogenic interaction indicates that the products of the resistance genes act as specific receptors for pathogenic triggers according to the gene for gene hypothesis.
- Sequence analysis of HS1 pro ⁇ indicates that it is involved in gene-for-gene resistance as part of a cascade of defense reactions.
- the predicted polypeptide consists of imperfect LRRs located at the N-terminus with an additional signal peptide, a putative cross-membrane domain and a positively charged C-terminus, and thus fits into the second group of plant resistance genes.
- HS1 pro_ and the resistance gene Cf-9 from the tomato could be predicted, although no significant sequence homology was found.
- the ex- tracytoplasmic LRRs act as receptor-recognizing putative triggers.
- Nematodes are known to produce secretions that can interact with membrane-bound plant receptors. The positively charged C-terminus may interact with the cytoplasmic components for signal transmission.
- a protein located in the cytoplasm it can act as a receptor for triggers injected into the cell via the nematode's mouth prick.
- An approx. 1.5 kb Xbal fragment was isolated from a lambda DASHII bank with a PCR fragment from the 5 'region of the HS1 pro ⁇ gene, which corresponds to the 5' flanking region of the gene and the sequence with the number 1832.1.
- the isolated promoter sequence contains the typical elements of eukaryotic promoters, such as the TATA box with the sequence TACATAAA in position -23 before the start of transcription or the 5 'end of the cDNA.
- the promoter identified is root-specific, since a signal with the sample from the 5 'region of the 1832 gene is found only in root tissue in Northern blots. Furthermore, constructs containing the promoter according to the invention and a GUS reporter gene exclusively show a color reaction in roots of transformed potatoes or tobacco.
- the promoter can be induced by nematodes. This shows a comparison of the transcriptional activity of sugar beet roots infected and not infected with H. schachtii. This suggests that the promoter according to the invention binds transcription factors which originate from nematodes or which are formed as a result of the infection.
- the cDNA 1832 was fused to the GUS intron gene (Vancanneyt et al. (1990) MGG, p. 245) and brought under the control of the 35S promoter.
- the construct was introduced into Arabidopsis thaliana using the vector pAM194 (described below) by standard methods using Agrobacterium tumefaciens. After three generations of selfing, lines were obtained which showed complete resistance to Heterodera schachtii, i.e. no cysts or developed females were observed. The resistance test was carried out with infectious larvae in a petri dish. GUS activity was also determined.
- the Xbal restriction fragment was used for the studies. Xbal positions at positions 1 and 1521 of the 1832.1 sequence) with the GUS intron gene fused and introduced into the root of sugar beets and potatoes using the vector pBIN19 and Agrobacterium tumefaciens / Agrobacerium rhizogenes co-transformation. It was observed in the sugar beet that in a "hairy root culture" the GUS activity was only detectable in the syncytium. A corresponding GUS activity was not visible in uninfected roots or in areas where there were no nematodes. This shows that the promoter used has a “pathogen-responsive” element or elements that are or are increasingly activated after attack by neododes. The 1832 promoter thus enables the tissue-specific expression of any genes in host plants, such as sugar beet.
- Rapeseed cotyledons were transformed with a construct containing the sequence 1832 as described in Example 7 above.
- the cotyledons were grown on MS nutrient medium, the selection on MS nutrient medium being carried out with the addition of carbenicillin.
- the examination of the transformants showed positive results both in the GUS test and in the PCR analysis.
- a variant of clone 1832 was identified which comprises an open reading frame in which the start codon with the ATG corresponds to position 924 of the 1832.1 sequence.
- the stop codon corresponds to position 2397 in the sequence 1832.1.
- the variant 1832A1 contains further minor differences compared to the sequence 1832.1, as can be seen from the sequence comparison.
- all sequences, ie 1832.1, 1832 and 1832A1 after expression in host cells lead to resistance to nematode attack. Without being bound by theory, it can be assumed that the shorter of the sequences, namely 1832, encodes all elements which give the encoded protein the ability to induce resistance to nematodes.
- Figure 3 shows schematically the coding capacity of the 3 clones 1832.1, 1832 and 1832A1 relative to each other. Section 1832 is common to all clones.
- the binary vector pAM194 produced combines the properties of a cloning vector and a plant transformation vector (Ti plasmids).
- Ti plasmids a plant transformation vector
- the suitability as a transformation vector was tested together with Agrobacterium tumefaciens and in combination with Agrobacterium rhizogenes for co-transformation experiments.
- the vector is a derivative of pBI121 (Jefferson et al. 1987) (Clontech Laboratories); the basic structure for pBI121 is provided by pBIN19 (Bevan et al. 1984).
- pAM194 includes the following elements:
- the fragment outside the edge sequences contains NPTII, as a selection arker;
- the plasmid pBI121 was cut with HindIII / SstI.
- the cleaved HindIII / SstI-35S-GUS fragment was replaced by a subcloned 35S-GUS intron fragment.
- the EcoRI restriction site was destroyed by digging with EcoRI and filling in the protruding ends with "Klenowönt" from E. coli polymerase I; it was then ligated again to produce pBIN-GUSINT.
- a 35S promoter-35S terminator cassette with a single EcoRI cloning site from plasmid pRT104 was cloned into the HindIII site of pBIN-GUS-INT, resulting in pAM194.
- the references cited above are as follows:
- Agrobacterium tumefaciens, strain EHA101 (Hood EE et al. 1986, J. Bacteriology 168, pp. 1291-1301), which was used with the plasmid LD10 / 1832-13 (FIGS. 5a to d) or with the vector LD10, was used for the transformation , a plasmid lacking the 1832 cDNA, was transformed by the freeze thaw method (Holters et al. 1978).
- sterile sugar beet seeds of the type "Elite 0-272" were germinated on a medium containing 2.0 g / 1 sucrose and 4.0 g / 1 agarose. The seedlings were capped and the cotylidons were carefully removed and used as explants.
- the Agrobacterium tumefaciens strain EHA101 with the plasmid LD10 / 1832-13, or the control with plasmid LDIO (FIG. 5c) was added to LB medium (Maniatis et al.
- transgenic saplings The selection for transgenic saplings was carried out after a modification of the mannose selection system. The selection was made for transgenic sugar beet saplings. After the cultivation, the explants were supplemented with selection medium consisting of MS medium (Murashige & Skoog 1962)
- the analysis of the mannose-resistant saplings was then carried out as follows. To ensure that the mannose-resistant saplings that survived the selection were transgenic, all saplings were examined for PMI activity. The non-transgenic sugar beet saplings show no PMI activity (Phosphomannosei.somerase). Extracts were made from 2-3 leaf tips with a size of approx. 3 mm and the coupled PMI enzyme assay, modified according to Feramisco et al. (1973) and Gill et al. (1986). About 80-90% of the saplings showed significant PMI activity. The remaining 10-20% were discarded.
- the female cysts developed 3 weeks after the inoculation and were quantified using a stereomicroscope. The entire root of each plant was examined. The results obtained are shown in Table 1. This table shows the results obtained with the non-transgenic susceptible line Cl, the transgenic control line CLD10, the non-transgenic susceptible control developed from seeds (C2), and the transgenic plants that construct LD10 / 1832-13 included (T1-T9).
- FIGS. 5a-d The production of the plasmid mentioned is shown in FIGS. 5a-d.
- the Xbal fragment from nucleotide position 1521-2904 from SEQ ID No. 1 was filled in to blunt ends with Klenow enzyme. This fragment was then inserted into the blunt-ended BamHI site of plasmid pPS48.
- This new plasmid, called pPS48 / BamHI-15 was then digested with HindIII.
- the HindiII fragment of base pair 0-2403 was inserted into the HindIII site of plasmid pLDIO to give plasmid LD10 / 1832-13.
- the Ti plasmid pAM194 containing the gene for nematode resistance was used as the transformation vector.
- the vector is described in more detail in Example 11.
- Strain C58C1 ATHV Rif was used as the bacterial strain, which is derived from the Agrobacterium tumefaciens strain EHA101, which carries the helper plasmid pEHAlOl without Kana ycin resistance.
- the AMT strain corresponds to the above-mentioned strain C58C1 ATHV Rif, which contains the plasmid pAM194-1832.
- the bacteria for the transformation were grown for the AMT culture on LB agar with 50 mg / 1 kanamycin and 100 mg / 1 rifampicin and were kept in the refrigerator until use.
- 30 ml LB culture medium are inoculated with the appropriate bacterial culture.
- the liquid medium like the LB agar, contains 50 mg / 1 kanamycin and 100 mg / 1 rifampicin.
- the bacteria were incubated 24 in the dark at 28 ° C on a shaker at 190 up.
- inoculate 30 ml LB medium without antibiotics with 20 ⁇ l of the above-mentioned bacterial culture obtained after 24 hours and incubate for a further 24 hours under the same conditions.
- the cotyledons are separated from four-day-old seedlings with a scalpel just above the meristem. To do this, grasp both cotyledons with tweezers and simultaneously cut them off with a straight cut. Immediately after separation, the petioles of the cotyledons are immersed in the undiluted bacterial suspension (overnight culture) for 10 seconds. Then the cotyledons are put back on the culture medium. The coculture of 48h is carried out at 25 ° C and dim light.
- the cotyledons are placed in containers with 50 ml of MSM medium which contains 750 mg / l of carbenicillin for killing bacteria and cultured for 7 days at 25 ° C. and 2000 lux for 16 hours. After 7 days on MSM with 750 mg / 1 carbenicillin, the cotyledons are transferred to the same nutrient medium, which initially contains an additional 20 mg / 1 kanamycin for sprout selection. In later passages, the kanamycin concentration was increased to 25 mg / 1. Non-transgenic callus is removed at regular intervals. The separated shoots are placed on B5 medium with 50 mg / 1 kanamycin and 400 mg / 1 betabactyl for further selection or to demonstrate transgenicity.
- the GUS gene that is also transmitted allows a further identification of transgenic shoots at the earliest possible time.
- the transgenic shoots are rooted on B5 nutrient medium without hormones.
- a GUS test is carried out as histochemical detection of ⁇ -glucuronidase activity. The enzyme cleaves indole from an artificial substrate, so that GUS-positive leaf pieces turn blue.
- the test procedure is according to Jefferson RA (1987): Assaying chimeric genes in plants: The GUS gene fusion system. Plant Mol. Biol. Rep. 5: 387-405.
- NPTII-ELISA test Another molecular biological proof of gene transfer is the NPTII-ELISA test, in which the formation of the enzyme neomycin phosphotransferase, which mediates the transgenic plant kanamycin resistance, is detected qualitatively and quantitatively.
- the test was carried out using the NPTII ELISA kit (Cat. No. 5307-630101) from CP Instruments Co., Ltd. carried out.
- the nematodes on the host plants mustard (variety "Albatross” Petersen-Saatzucht) and beets were propagated.
- the seeds are rinsed in 3% Ca (0C1) 2 solution for 10 min and then 3-4 times with sterile distilled water.
- the seeds then dry on sterile filter paper and are then placed on water agar with 8% agar agar. After 3-4 days on this agar at 25 ° C in the dark, the young seedlings are transferred to 0.2 concentrated Knoop medium.
- the roots should be about 3-4 cm long.
- Petri dishes with a diameter of 15 cm and cams are used, in which two seedlings are placed opposite each other. After 14 days of growth in the dark at 25 ° C, 1000 nematode larvae are inoculated in the L2 stage. After about 4 weeks at 25 ° C in the dark, mature cysts have formed that can now be collected.
- cyst harvest approx. 200 cysts are collected in a small sieve, mesh size 50-200 ⁇ m, using spring steel tweezers, which is filled with zinc chloride solution (3 mM) in a glass funnel.
- a silicone hose is attached to the funnel outlet, which is clamped with a steel hose clamp. This arrangement is in a tall 250 ml beaker, which is covered with aluminum foil.
- the hatched larvae After 3 days at 25 ° C in the heating cabinet, the hatched larvae have collected in the silicone tube in front of the steel clamp and can be harvested by briefly opening the clamp in a sieve with a mesh size of 15 ⁇ m, holding the funnel with tweezers. The larvae are then rinsed 3 times with sterile water and then transferred into a sterile block bowl using a Pasteur pipette. After a waiting time of about 3 minutes, during which the larvae sink to the bottom, the excess liquid is largely sucked off and replaced by 0.5% Gelrite solution, which ensures a homogeneous distribution of the larvae. After thorough mixing, the concentration of the larvae is checked using a stereomicroscope, the larvae being counted in a 10 ⁇ l drop.
- the roots were separated from the sprouts of the transgenic starting clones and placed on 4 B5 medium with 300 mg / 1 beta-lactyl and 8 g / 1 Daishin agar.
- Each inoculation of a transgenic starting clone is carried out with 5 roots each.
- Oil radish the roots of which have been obtained as described above, is used as a susceptible control.
- Approximately 100 L2 larvae of Heterodera schachtii are dropped onto the roots per dish, which have been obtained as described above.
- a Multipette with 0.5 ml Combitip is used for inoculation.
- the cysts that have formed are counted for the first time after 14 days, the second and last count after 20 days, when the cysts are already slightly browned and thus stand out better from the white roots.
- rungs per transgenic starting clone are first transferred to the greenhouse.
- the rungs should already have stretched a little and have a few roots. They are pricked into seed soil, where they remain for 1.5 weeks to develop more root mass. This also gives them the opportunity to acclimatize to the greenhouse conditions.
- the plants are pricked into quartz sand with a cord diameter of 0.1-0.5 cm, which has previously been moistened with Steiner nutrient solution. Inoculation is carried out in this sand, since the elutriation and counting of the cysts is made very difficult by humus particles and dirt particles.
- the sand is in tubes that are placed in a box.
- the transgenicity of the plants was demonstrated by PCR analyzes as well as NPTII-ELISA and GUS tests.
- the table shows the results from the in vivo resistance test with the non-transgenic susceptible variety T 0 and the transgenic plants T 7 to T 15 with the gene 1832.
- Bintje potatoes were transformed with plasmid pAM194 with insert 1832 under the control of the 35S promoter with A. rhizogenes. 40 independent hairy root cultures were inoculated with 250 Globodera pallida larvae. After 56 days the nematode development was examined. 35 cultures showed normal nematode development with an average of 40 mature females / petri dish. The development of females was disturbed in 5 root cultures. Only 10 mature females were found there. This shows that the sequence 1832 in potatoes can improve their resistance to neomode attack. SEQUENCE LOG
- ERSATZBLAH (REGEL26) ATGTATTTTC ATAATATCAA CTTTTTATAT TTTTTTACTA ATACGAAATT GAAGATATAC 420
- TTTTTCTTTA ATTATAAACA GTTGTTGGTG ATCATGATGG GTAGTTTGGA AGCGAAAGCG 660
- REPLACEMENT SHEET (RULE 26) TGAATTAATT GTTACACTTG TATTAGTAAA TTCT 1774 (2) INFORMATION ABOUT SEQ ID NO: 4:
- ORGANISM Arabidopsis thaliana
- AAAAACGATG CGTTTTGTTT CAGATCTAAA GGATTAGTGG AGATGATGAA GATGTCGAAA 1020
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JP51429898A JP2001503972A (ja) | 1996-09-18 | 1997-09-18 | 線虫抵抗性遺伝子 |
US09/269,040 US6294712B1 (en) | 1996-09-18 | 1997-09-18 | Nematode-resistant gene |
CZ99881A CZ88199A3 (cs) | 1996-09-18 | 1997-09-18 | Gen indukující odolnost proti nematodům (hlísticím) |
EP97910308A EP0927262A1 (de) | 1996-09-18 | 1997-09-18 | Nematodenresistenzgen |
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DE19637974.1 | 1996-09-18 | ||
DE19700844.5 | 1997-01-13 | ||
DE19700844A DE19700844A1 (de) | 1996-09-18 | 1997-01-13 | Nematodenresistenzgen |
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EP (1) | EP0927262A1 (de) |
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Cited By (12)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO1999060141A1 (en) * | 1998-05-18 | 1999-11-25 | Pioneer Hi-Bred International, Inc. | Genes and methods for control of nematodes in plants |
WO1999060109A2 (en) * | 1998-05-18 | 1999-11-25 | Pioneer Hi-Bred International, Inc. | Soybean gene promoters |
EP1207204A1 (de) * | 2000-11-16 | 2002-05-22 | KWS Saat AG | Gewebespezifische Promotoren aus der Zuckerrübe |
JP2002519072A (ja) * | 1998-07-03 | 2002-07-02 | デフヘン・ナムローゼ・フェンノートシャップ | 二本鎖rna阻害を用いる遺伝子機能の評価 |
WO2003066865A2 (de) * | 2002-02-06 | 2003-08-14 | Kws Saat Ag | Nukleinsäuremolekül zur regulation der genexpression in pflanzen |
WO2010051288A1 (en) | 2008-10-27 | 2010-05-06 | Revivicor, Inc. | Immunocompromised ungulates |
WO2012059497A1 (en) | 2010-11-02 | 2012-05-10 | Bayer Cropscience Ag | N-hetarylmethyl pyrazolylcarboxamides |
WO2012089757A1 (en) | 2010-12-29 | 2012-07-05 | Bayer Cropscience Ag | Fungicide hydroximoyl-tetrazole derivatives |
EP2527456A1 (de) | 2004-10-22 | 2012-11-28 | Revivicor Inc. | Transgenschweine ohne endogene leichte Kette von Immunglobulin |
US9206137B2 (en) | 2010-11-15 | 2015-12-08 | Bayer Intellectual Property Gmbh | N-Aryl pyrazole(thio)carboxamides |
US9265252B2 (en) | 2011-08-10 | 2016-02-23 | Bayer Intellectual Property Gmbh | Active compound combinations comprising specific tetramic acid derivatives |
US10844390B2 (en) | 2015-08-07 | 2020-11-24 | Basf Agricultural Solutions Seed, Us Llc | Root-preferential and stress inducible promoter and uses thereof |
Families Citing this family (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN102811617A (zh) | 2010-01-22 | 2012-12-05 | 拜耳知识产权有限责任公司 | 杀螨和/或杀虫活性物质结合物 |
MX360582B (es) | 2012-12-13 | 2018-11-07 | Inst De Ecologia A C Star | Biocontrol de nemátodos fitoparásitos mediante paecilomyces. |
WO2014127835A1 (en) | 2013-02-22 | 2014-08-28 | Christian-Albrechts-Universität Zu Kiel | Plant-derived resistance gene |
EP3913059A1 (de) * | 2020-05-19 | 2021-11-24 | Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel | Nematodenresistenz in pflanzen |
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GB9104617D0 (en) * | 1991-03-05 | 1991-04-17 | Nickerson Int Seed | Pest control |
EP0612208B1 (de) * | 1991-10-04 | 2004-09-15 | North Carolina State University | Pathogenresistente transgene pflanzen |
-
1997
- 1997-09-18 US US09/269,040 patent/US6294712B1/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1997-09-18 PL PL97332311A patent/PL332311A1/xx unknown
- 1997-09-18 JP JP51429898A patent/JP2001503972A/ja active Pending
- 1997-09-18 WO PCT/EP1997/005130 patent/WO1998012335A1/de not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1997-09-18 CZ CZ99881A patent/CZ88199A3/cs unknown
- 1997-09-18 EP EP97910308A patent/EP0927262A1/de not_active Withdrawn
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WO1993019181A1 (en) * | 1992-03-25 | 1993-09-30 | Sandoz Ltd. | Biological material |
WO1996030517A1 (en) * | 1995-03-31 | 1996-10-03 | Commonwealth Scientific And Industrial Research Organisation | Genetic sequences conferring nematode resistance in plants and uses therefor |
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WEBB D M ET AL: "GENETIC MAPPING OF SOYBEAN CYST NEMATODE RACE-3 RESISTANCE LOCI IN THE SOYBEAN PL 437.654", THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS, vol. 91, no. 4, September 1995 (1995-09-01), pages 574 - 581, XP000604565 * |
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Cited By (22)
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WO1999060109A2 (en) * | 1998-05-18 | 1999-11-25 | Pioneer Hi-Bred International, Inc. | Soybean gene promoters |
US6228992B1 (en) | 1998-05-18 | 2001-05-08 | Pioneer Hi-Bred International, Inc. | Proteins for control of nematodes in plants |
US6271437B1 (en) | 1998-05-18 | 2001-08-07 | Pioneer Hi-Bred International, Inc. | Soybean gene promoters |
US6284948B1 (en) | 1998-05-18 | 2001-09-04 | Pioneer Hi-Bred International, Inc. | Genes and methods for control of nematodes in plants |
WO1999060109A3 (en) * | 1998-05-18 | 2002-09-19 | Pioneer Hi Bred Int | Soybean gene promoters |
WO1999060141A1 (en) * | 1998-05-18 | 1999-11-25 | Pioneer Hi-Bred International, Inc. | Genes and methods for control of nematodes in plants |
JP2002519072A (ja) * | 1998-07-03 | 2002-07-02 | デフヘン・ナムローゼ・フェンノートシャップ | 二本鎖rna阻害を用いる遺伝子機能の評価 |
JP2014058514A (ja) * | 1998-07-03 | 2014-04-03 | Devgen Nv | 二本鎖rna阻害を用いる遺伝子機能の評価 |
US8114980B2 (en) | 1998-07-03 | 2012-02-14 | Devgen Nv | Characterisation of gene function using double stranded RNA inhibition |
JP2009112311A (ja) * | 1998-07-03 | 2009-05-28 | Devgen Nv | 二本鎖rna阻害を用いる遺伝子機能の評価 |
EP2298917A3 (de) * | 2000-11-16 | 2011-04-27 | KWS Saat AG | Gewebespezifische Promotoren |
EP1207204A1 (de) * | 2000-11-16 | 2002-05-22 | KWS Saat AG | Gewebespezifische Promotoren aus der Zuckerrübe |
DE10204910A1 (de) * | 2002-02-06 | 2004-03-04 | Kws Saat Ag | Nukleinsäuremolekül zur Regulation der Genexpression in Pflanzen |
WO2003066865A3 (de) * | 2002-02-06 | 2003-11-20 | Kws Saat Ag | Nukleinsäuremolekül zur regulation der genexpression in pflanzen |
WO2003066865A2 (de) * | 2002-02-06 | 2003-08-14 | Kws Saat Ag | Nukleinsäuremolekül zur regulation der genexpression in pflanzen |
EP2527456A1 (de) | 2004-10-22 | 2012-11-28 | Revivicor Inc. | Transgenschweine ohne endogene leichte Kette von Immunglobulin |
WO2010051288A1 (en) | 2008-10-27 | 2010-05-06 | Revivicor, Inc. | Immunocompromised ungulates |
WO2012059497A1 (en) | 2010-11-02 | 2012-05-10 | Bayer Cropscience Ag | N-hetarylmethyl pyrazolylcarboxamides |
US9206137B2 (en) | 2010-11-15 | 2015-12-08 | Bayer Intellectual Property Gmbh | N-Aryl pyrazole(thio)carboxamides |
WO2012089757A1 (en) | 2010-12-29 | 2012-07-05 | Bayer Cropscience Ag | Fungicide hydroximoyl-tetrazole derivatives |
US9265252B2 (en) | 2011-08-10 | 2016-02-23 | Bayer Intellectual Property Gmbh | Active compound combinations comprising specific tetramic acid derivatives |
US10844390B2 (en) | 2015-08-07 | 2020-11-24 | Basf Agricultural Solutions Seed, Us Llc | Root-preferential and stress inducible promoter and uses thereof |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
EP0927262A1 (de) | 1999-07-07 |
JP2001503972A (ja) | 2001-03-27 |
US6294712B1 (en) | 2001-09-25 |
CZ88199A3 (cs) | 1999-08-11 |
PL332311A1 (en) | 1999-08-30 |
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