WO1998010474A1 - Convertisseur thermoelectrique - Google Patents
Convertisseur thermoelectrique Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO1998010474A1 WO1998010474A1 PCT/JP1997/003136 JP9703136W WO9810474A1 WO 1998010474 A1 WO1998010474 A1 WO 1998010474A1 JP 9703136 W JP9703136 W JP 9703136W WO 9810474 A1 WO9810474 A1 WO 9810474A1
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- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- substrate
- heat transfer
- transfer medium
- heat
- conversion device
- Prior art date
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Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10N—ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10N10/00—Thermoelectric devices comprising a junction of dissimilar materials, i.e. devices exhibiting Seebeck or Peltier effects
- H10N10/10—Thermoelectric devices comprising a junction of dissimilar materials, i.e. devices exhibiting Seebeck or Peltier effects operating with only the Peltier or Seebeck effects
- H10N10/13—Thermoelectric devices comprising a junction of dissimilar materials, i.e. devices exhibiting Seebeck or Peltier effects operating with only the Peltier or Seebeck effects characterised by the heat-exchanging means at the junction
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B21/00—Machines, plants or systems, using electric or magnetic effects
- F25B21/02—Machines, plants or systems, using electric or magnetic effects using Peltier effect; using Nernst-Ettinghausen effect
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a thermoelectric converter such as an electronic cooling device or a thermoelectric generator, and more particularly to a thermoelectric converter using a fluid such as water or antifreeze as a heat transfer medium for the thermoelectric converter.
- FIGS. 22 and 23 are diagrams for explaining a conventional thermoelectric converter.
- FIG. 22 is a cross-sectional view of the thermoelectric converter
- FIG. 23 is a cross-sectional view taken along line XX of FIG.
- the heat absorption side made of ceramic such as alumina
- an electrode and a group of mature-electric conversion elements 102 composed of P-type and N-type semiconductors are interposed.
- a heat absorbing member 103 provided with a heat absorbing fin or the like is attached to the outer surface of the heat absorbing side insulating substrate 100.
- the heat dissipation side absolute ⁇ plate 1 0 1 of the outer surface the flow path forming z ° member 1 0 4 that opens is attached towards its substrate 1 0 1 side.
- water 105 as a heat transfer medium is meandering from one end to the other along the outer surface of the substrate 101.
- a continuous flow path is formed for flowing.
- a supply pipe 107 is attached near one end of the flow path forming member 104, and a discharge pipe 108 is attached near the other end.
- thermoelectric conversion element group 102 A predetermined current is supplied to the thermoelectric conversion element group 102, and water 105 is supplied to the flow path forming member I04 from the supply pipe 107. Then, the heat absorbed by the heat absorbing member 103 is transmitted to the heat dissipation insulating substrate 101 via the heat absorbing side substrate 100 and the thermoelectric conversion element group 102, and the water 100 By flowing 5 in a meandering shape along the outer surface of the substrate 101, the heat of the substrate 101 is absorbed, and the water 105 is discharged from the discharge pipe 108 to the outside of the system. The heat absorbing member 103 is cooled.
- Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. Hei 6-504641 Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. Hei 5-3222636, Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. Hei 5-3434750, etc. are known as such serial technologies. No.
- thermoelectric converter has a problem that a sufficiently high thermoelectric conversion capability cannot be obtained yet.
- thermoelectric conversion device As a result of examining this problem, the present inventors found that there was a problem in the flow of the heat transfer medium, particularly in the thermoelectric converter. That is, in the conventional thermoelectric conversion device, the heat transfer medium simply flows in a meandering shape on the surface of the insulating substrate, and therefore, the heat conductance between the heat transfer medium and the insulating substrate is low, which is sufficient. It was found that it was not possible to obtain a high thermoelectric conversion capability.
- An object of the present invention is to eliminate such disadvantages of the prior art and to provide a thermoelectric conversion device having a sufficiently high thermoelectric conversion capability and excellent performance.
- the invention according to claim 1 is directed to a side opposite to a semiconductor support surface of a base supporting an N-type semiconductor and a P-type semiconductor layer, such as a gold plate having an electrically insulating thin film.
- Supply means for supplying the liquid heat transfer medium such that, for example, the liquid heat transfer medium such as water or antifreeze collides substantially perpendicularly with the surface, for example, provided with a dispersing member.
- the invention according to claim 2 is the thermoelectric conversion device according to claim 1, wherein the base is a gold base having an electrically insulating thin film on a semiconductor JS support surface.
- the invention according to claim 3 is the thermoelectric conversion device according to claim 15, wherein A space is formed on the side of the connecting means facing the base and substantially the entire surface of the base is formed, and the liquid heat transfer medium colliding with the surface of the base is diffused in this space.
- the invention according to claim 4 is the thermoelectric conversion device according to claim 1, wherein, on the heat transfer medium collision g path of the connecting means, from the upstream side to the downstream side (a horse-like first space toward the law, The injection hole and the flat second space facing almost the entire surface of the base are provided so as to communicate with each other, and the liquid heat transfer medium flowing into the first space is dispersed on the surface of the base from the respective injection holes.
- the liquid heat transfer medium that is jetted toward the substrate and collides with the substrate surface is diffused in the second space.
- thermoelectric conversion device a according to claim 1, characterized in that the liquid heat transfer medium is configured to collide almost perpendicularly with the surface of the base.
- thermoelectric conversion device according to claim 1, wherein a large number of injection nozzles extending to near a surface of the base opposite to the semiconductor layer supporting surface are provided in the angled means.
- thermoelectric conversion device according to claim 1, wherein a concave / convex portion with which a liquid heat transfer medium collides is formed on a surface of the base opposite to the semiconductor support surface. I do.
- the invention according to claim 8 is the thermoelectric conversion device according to claim 7, wherein the uneven portion is formed so as to face an injection hole of the connecting means.
- the invention according to claim 9 forms a base for supporting the N-type semiconductor S and the P-type semiconductor layer, and an injection hole for injecting the liquid heat transfer medium to a surface of the base opposite to the semiconductor layer supporting surface.
- thermoelectric conversion device In the vicinity of the injection nozzle of the dispersing member, an escape recess is provided for allowing the liquid heat transfer medium injected on the surface of the base opposite to the semiconductor-supporting surface to escape from the surface of the opposite M.
- a tenth aspect of the present invention is the thermoelectric conversion device according to the ninth aspect, wherein a large number of irregularities are formed on a surface of the base opposite to the semiconductor layer supporting surface.
- FIG. 1 is a perspective view of a thermoelectric converter according to a first embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 2 is a longitudinal sectional view of the thermoelectric converter.
- FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view taken along the line II-III of FIG.
- FIG. 4 is a plan view of a force bar member used in the power conversion device.
- FIG. 5 is a sectional view of the cover member.
- FIG. 6 is a plan view of a dispersion member used in the thermoelectric converter.
- FIG. 7 is a cross-sectional view taken along line BB of FIG.
- FIG. 8 is a sectional view of a force bar member according to the second embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 1 is a perspective view of a thermoelectric converter according to a first embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 2 is a longitudinal sectional view of the thermoelectric converter.
- FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view taken along the line II-III of FIG.
- FIG. 4 is a plan
- FIG. 9 is a bottom view in which a part of the thermoelectric converter according to the third loneliness of the present invention is sectioned.
- FIG. 10 is a bottom view in which a part of a thermoelectric conversion device according to a fourth embodiment 1 of the present invention is sectioned.
- FIG. 11 is a sectional view of a thermoelectric converter according to a fifth embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 12 is a partially enlarged cross-sectional view of the injection hole (lined water pipe portion) of the thermoelectric conversion device according to the sixth embodiment, row I of the present invention.
- FIG. 13 is a plan view of a heat radiation side substrate used in a thermoelectric converter according to a seventh embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 14 is a partially enlarged cross-sectional view of the heat radiation side substrate.
- FIG. 15 is a cross-sectional view of a heat radiation side substrate used in a thermoelectric conversion device according to an eighth embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 16 is a sectional view of the thermoelectric converter according to the ninth embodiment of the present invention.
- Figure 17 is a bottom view of the dispersion member used for the thermoelectric converter.
- FIG. 18 is a sectional view of a thermoelectric converter according to a tenth embodiment of the present invention.
- Fig. 19 is a plan view of the heat radiation side substrate used for the thermoelectric converter.
- FIG. 20 is a characteristic diagram showing the relationship between the flow rate of water and the thermal conductance of the thermoelectric converter according to the ninth embodiment of the present invention and the thermoelectric converter according to the tenth embodiment.
- FIG. 20 is a characteristic diagram showing the relationship between the flow rate of water and the thermal conductance of the thermoelectric converter according to the ninth embodiment of the present invention and the thermoelectric converter according to the tenth embodiment.
- FIG. 21 is a thermal conductance characteristic diagram of the thermoelectric converter according to each embodiment of the present invention and a conventional thermoelectric converter.
- FIG. 22 is a longitudinal sectional view of a conventional thermoelectric converter.
- FIG. 23 is a cross-sectional view taken along line XX of FIG. BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION
- thermoelectric conversion device a liquid heat transfer medium is caused to flow along the surface of a base (substrate) to transfer heat between the base and the liquid heat transfer medium.
- the liquid heat transfer medium collides against the surface of the substrate, and the state in which the liquid heat transfer medium is in contact with the substrate becomes turbulent. Therefore, the ability of the entire system to exchange the components is improved.
- thermoelectric conversion device using this heat transfer medium
- thermoelectric converter In order to improve the performance of this type of thermoelectric converter,
- the gold !! substrate has a much larger rate of expansion and contraction due to heat than the ceramic substrate.
- -Heat dissipation M electrode-P, N semiconductors-Heat absorption side electrode-Heat absorption side shear stress accompanying heat stress increases in the system, causing reliability problems.
- one board if it is cold, the base of the lavatory
- the other board for example, the heat dissipation base
- the heat-absorbing substrate sufficiently thinner, that is, by providing a difference in thickness between the heat-dissipating L substrate and the heat-absorbing substrate, the heat-dissipating substrate can follow the thermal deformation of the heat-absorbing substrate.
- the occurrence of thermal stress in the system can be reduced.
- the occupation density of the P and N semiconductor layers (the ratio of the sum of the cross-sectional areas of the P and N semiconductor layers to the total area of the substrate) is small. .
- the method of flowing the heat transfer medium is such that, as a whole system of the thermoelectric converter, for example, a high heat exchange capacity can be obtained with a small input power required for moving the medium. Need to improve.
- Fig. 1 is a perspective view of a thermoelectric converter used as an electronic cooling device such as a refrigerator, freezer, cooler, etc.
- Fig. 2 is a cross-sectional view of the thermoelectric converter
- Fig. 3 is a view along the line II-A in Fig. 2.
- 4 and 5 are a plan view and a cross-sectional view of the cover member
- FIG. 6 is a plan view of the dispersion member
- FIG. 7 is a cross-sectional view on FIG.
- thermoelectric conversion device has a heat absorbing member 1 in contact with the object to be cooled, a heat absorbing substrate 2, and a thermoelectric conversion element group 3 (see Fig. 2). And a heat dissipating M substrate 4 (see FIG. 2), a support frame 5, a cover member 6, and a dispersing member 7 (see FIG. 2).
- the heat-absorbing member 1 has a container shape if arranged in a row, and a number of heat-absorbing fins and fans can be provided inside as necessary.
- the heat-absorbing substrate 2 and the heat-radiating substrate 4 are both made of a metal plate such as aluminum, and an electrochromic thin film such as alumite is formed on the surface in contact with the thermoelectric conversion element group 3. Have been.
- an insulating film of aluminum is formed by the anodization method, it is preferable that the insulating film is not sealed, so that the bonding property with the thermoelectric conversion element group 3 is good.
- the electric insulating film can also be formed by thermal spraying or the like.
- the heat-absorbing substrate 2 and the heat-radiating substrate 4 have different thicknesses (in the case of the present embodiment, the heat-absorbing substrate 2 has a thickness of 5 mm, and the heat-radiating substrate 4 has a thickness of 0). 2 mm, heat sink side board 2> heat dissipation base board 4), the thinner board can follow the thermal shrinkage (thermal expansion) of the thicker board, and thereby the heat sink side board 2-Thermoelectric conversion element group 3 One heat radiation side substrate 4 The generation of thermal stress between substrates 4 is mitigated.
- the thermoelectric conversion element group 3 is composed of a heat-absorbing electrode, a heat-radiating electrode, and a number of P-type semiconductors and N-type semiconductors, which are not shown but are well-known, and are arranged between both electrodes.
- the P-type semiconductor layer and the N-type semiconductor layer are structurally and thermally arranged in parallel, or electrically connected in series via the electrodes.
- the thermoelectric conversion element group 3 may have a single-stage or multiple-stage cascade structure.
- the support frame 5 is formed of a synthetic resin, supports the heat dissipation base board 4, and has a base end attached to the ripening side board 2.
- the cover member 6 is formed of a synthetic resin, and as shown in FIG. 5, a lined water pipe portion 8 and a drain pipe portion 9 extending vertically at the top are integrally provided, and the water supply pipe portion 8 is a cover member. 6, the drain pipe section 9 is arranged near the periphery of the cover member 6. Under cover member 6 Three
- a half is provided with a peripheral wall 10 opened downward, and a space 11 is formed in accordance with the i-law, and the dispersion member 7 is installed there.
- the dispersing member 7 is also made of synthetic resin.
- a circular concave portion 12 is formed substantially at the center of the upper surface, and the wall portion surrounds the concave portion.
- a flange 14 is provided on the outer peripheral portion of the dispersion member 7 and substantially at an intermediate position in the thickness direction, and discharge holes 15 having a relatively large diameter are formed at four corners of the flange 14.
- one vertically penetrating injection hole 16 a 16 i is provided in the outer peripheral part at equal intervals.
- 1 0 6 a is slightly large diameter and summer than other ⁇ hole 1 6 b 1 6 i.
- this dispersing member 7 is inserted into the cover member 6, and the upper surface of the wall 13 of the dispersing member 7 is placed on the inner surface of the cover member 6, and the outer peripheral surface of the flange 14 of the dispersing member 7 is placed on the outer surface.
- the dispersing member ⁇ is positioned and fixed in the cover member 6.
- the lower surface of the peripheral wall 10 of the cover member 6 is bonded to the heat-radiating substrate 4 so that the gap between the lower surface of the dispersing member 7 and the upper surface of the heat-radiating substrate 4 has a narrow gap of about 13 mm.
- Two spaces 19 and a drainage channel 20 communicating with drain holes 15 at the four corners are formed around the space 19.
- FIG. 8 is a view showing the second embodiment.
- a discharge pipe section 9 is provided on a peripheral wall 10 of a power bar member 6 and water 21 collected by a water collecting channel 20 (see FIG. 2). Is discharged directly from the discharge pipe section 9.
- FIG. 9 is a view showing a third embodiment.
- a large number of pipes 22 are provided on the lower surface of the dispersion member 7, and the holes of the pipes 22 serve as injection holes 16.
- the gap between the pipe 22 and the pipe 22 forms a catchment channel 20.
- FIG. 10 is a view showing a fourth embodiment, in which a plurality of slit-shaped injection holes 16 extending from the central side of the dispersing member 7 toward the surrounding water collecting channel 20 are provided. Have been.
- FIG. 11 shows the fifth embodiment.
- the upper member 25 having a water supply pipe portion 8 vertically suspended at the center and the lower member 26 having a drain pipe portion 9 are dispersed.
- the member 7 is configured.
- a flat second space 19 having a narrow gap is formed between the upper member 25 and the heat dissipation board 4, and a water collecting channel 2 is formed between the central protruding portion of the upper member 25 and the inner periphery of the lower member 26. 0 is formed.
- FIG. 12 is a view showing the sixth embodiment.
- the injection hole 16 or the lined water pipe portion 8 is arranged almost perpendicular to the surface of the heat dissipation board 4.
- the hole 16 or the lined water pipe section 8 is provided to be inclined with respect to the surface of the heat radiating substrate 4, and the inclination makes the flow direction of the water 21 constant, smoothly flows and contributes to the reduction of pressure loss.
- FIGS. 13 and 14 show the seventh embodiment.
- the mounting area 27 of the thermal ⁇ conversion element group 3 with respect to the heat radiating board 4 is squared with respect to the center of the heat radiating board 4.
- a bent portion 3 having a mountain-shaped cross section is formed between the mounting area 27 and the mounting area 27.
- the bent portion 28 may be continuous in a rib shape as shown in the figure or may be intermittent, and the bent portion 28 protrudes toward the electro-electric conversion element group 3 ⁇ . However, on the contrary, it may protrude toward the side opposite to the electro-optical conversion element group 3. In the present embodiment, the bent portion 28 is formed in a criss-cross manner, but it is also possible to form many bent portions 115 28.
- FIG. 15 is a diagram showing the eighth embodiment.
- the heat of the heat radiation board 4 is “!” 5
- the wire mesh, the expand default metal, Roh, and the aperture ratio is rather large thin multi-porous thermal conductor 2 9 such-inch Ngume barrel is Sports bets;. is attached due contact as the seventh embodiment and eighth ⁇ example
- a bent portion 28 is formed on the radiating side substrate 4 or a porous heat conductor 29 is attached to the radiating side substrate 4. This allows the flow of water 21 near the surface of the radiating side substrate 4 to be reduced. Turbulence is caused, and the heat absorption efficiency of the water 21 to the heat radiation side substrate 4 is increased.
- bent portion 28 and the porous heat conductor 29 do not extend to the sealing portion around the ripened substrate 4.
- FIGS. 16 and 17 show the ninth embodiment.
- FIG. 16 is a cross-sectional view of the thermoelectric converter
- FIG. 17 is a bottom view of the dispersion member.
- the supporting frame 5 supports the heat-dissipating substrate 4, and its base end is positioned on the heat-absorbing M substrate 2 by a bin 30 and is fixed by an adhesive 31.
- the cover member 6 is provided with a peripheral wall 10 which is opened downward, a dispersing member ⁇ is provided inside the cover 10, and the lower end of the peripheral wall 10 is covered with a ring 32 to dissipate heat. Adhered liquid-tight around 4
- the first flat space 17 between the partial cover member 6 and the dispersing member 7 is formed between the dispersing member 7 and the heat-dissipating substrate 4.
- Flat second space 19 force ⁇ and outside of separating member 7 Drainage canal is formed in each of the 18 powers.
- the lower end of the injection nozzle 35 extends to near the surface of the heat radiation side substrate 4, and the gap between the injection nozzle 35 and the heat radiation side substrate 4 is about 1 to 3 mm.
- FIGS. 18 and 19 show the tenth embodiment.
- FIG. 18 is a cross-sectional view of the thermoelectric converter
- FIG. 19 is a plan view of the heat radiation M substrate 4. The difference between this embodiment and the ninth embodiment is that, as shown in FIG.
- the concavo-convex portion 39 has a large number of individually independent ⁇ portions, a number of groove-shaped concave portions are provided, and a plurality of injection nozzles 35 are provided for one groove-groove ⁇ portion. Can be inserted. In any case, the water 21 jetted from the nozzles 35 collides with the irregularities 39 and is crushed, so that the heat of the heat radiation side substrate 4 can be effectively removed.
- a mature I conversion device using a heat-absorbing substrate 4 having a flat surface (dotted line), and a heat-absorbing substrate 4 having a large number of uneven portions 39 on the surface as shown in FIG. Figure 20 shows the relationship between the flow rate of water 21 and the thermal conductance with a thermoelectric converter ( ⁇ line) using a thermoelectric converter.
- the holes of the injection holes 34 of both devices were 1.2 mm, the number of holes was 24, and the gap between the injection nozzle 35 and the heat-absorbing substrate 4 was 2 mm.
- the mature conductance h A was obtained by the following equation.
- thermoelectric converter using the heat-absorbing substrate 4 solid line
- Ru can also be for such other than water for example antifreeze using other liquids 20.
- a metal substrate was used.
- the present invention is not limited to this.
- ceramics such as alumina, aluminum nitride, or the like can be used.
- Fig. 21 is a thermal conductance characteristic diagram.
- the flow rate of water flowing through the thermoelectric converter with a certain amount of input power pressure loss ⁇ PX flow rate G w
- the curve A in the figure is the thermoelectric converter of the lonely embodiment of the present invention shown in FIG. 2
- the curve B is the thermoelectric converter of the series of the present invention shown in FIG. 11, and the curve C is FIG.
- thermoelectric converter 56 shows the thermoelectric converter of the embodiment of the present invention
- curve D shows the thermoelectric converter of the embodiment of the present invention shown in FIG. 18
- line E shows the conventional thermoelectric converter shown in FIGS. 22 and 23. It is the characteristic of.
- thermoelectric converter As shown in Fig. 23, the flow path of water 105 from the supply pipe 107 to the discharge pipe 108 is narrow and meandering several times.
- the liquid heat transfer medium is caused to impinge on the surface of the substrate, and the state of the liquid heat transfer medium in contact with the substrate is surely turbulent. As a result, the heat exchange capacity of the entire device is enhanced, and the performance is excellent.
- the heat exchange capacity is further increased because the heat resistance is extremely low as compared with a base such as alumina.
- a base facing the base of the filling means is provided on the base. If the liquid heat transfer medium that collides with the surface of the substrate is diffused in this space, the liquid heat transfer medium can spread over a wide area near the surface of the base f. Rapid diffusion reduces pressure drop and increases heat exchange capacity.
- a flat first space extending from the upstream side to the downstream W, a plurality of injection holes, and substantially the entire surface of the base are provided on the heat transfer medium impinging path of the supply means.
- the liquid heat transfer medium flowing into the first space is jetted toward the surface of the base body by a state dispersed from each injection hole, and collides with the base surface. If the liquid heat transfer medium is configured to be diffused in the second space, the distance to the base of the heat transfer medium can be reduced as compared with the conventional one, and the pressure loss can be reduced. Therefore, it has the advantage that the heat exchange capacity can be further enhanced.
- liquid heat transfer medium is configured to collide with the surface of the base almost vertically, heat transfer by the heat transfer medium is efficiently performed.
- the supply means is provided with a large number of injection nozzles extending to the vicinity of the surface of the substrate opposite to the semiconductor-supporting surface, the heat transfer by the heat transfer medium is more efficient. It is done on a regular basis.
- thermoelectric conversion device that has conductance and is more excellent in performance.
- the used heat transfer medium can be transferred to the base. Since heat can be quickly released from the surface, heat can be transferred efficiently, and as a result, the heat exchange capacity of the entire system is enhanced and the performance is excellent.
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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EP97939199A EP0878852A4 (en) | 1996-09-09 | 1997-09-05 | THERMOELECTRIC TRANSFORMER |
AU41357/97A AU716635B2 (en) | 1996-09-09 | 1997-09-05 | Thermoelectric apparatus |
US09/068,444 US6105373A (en) | 1996-09-09 | 1997-09-05 | Thermoelectric converter |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
JP8/237939 | 1996-09-09 | ||
JP8237939A JPH1084139A (ja) | 1996-09-09 | 1996-09-09 | 熱電変換装置 |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
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WO1998010474A1 true WO1998010474A1 (fr) | 1998-03-12 |
Family
ID=17022706
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/JP1997/003136 WO1998010474A1 (fr) | 1996-09-09 | 1997-09-05 | Convertisseur thermoelectrique |
Country Status (6)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US6105373A (ja) |
EP (1) | EP0878852A4 (ja) |
JP (1) | JPH1084139A (ja) |
CN (1) | CN1161846C (ja) |
AU (1) | AU716635B2 (ja) |
WO (1) | WO1998010474A1 (ja) |
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Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
CN1161846C (zh) | 2004-08-11 |
US6105373A (en) | 2000-08-22 |
EP0878852A1 (en) | 1998-11-18 |
JPH1084139A (ja) | 1998-03-31 |
AU716635B2 (en) | 2000-03-02 |
CN1200841A (zh) | 1998-12-02 |
AU4135797A (en) | 1998-03-26 |
EP0878852A4 (en) | 1999-03-31 |
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