WO1997042226A1 - Derives de chitine ayant des groupes alkyle inferieur carboxyles en tant que substituants hydrophiles et substituants hydrophobes, supports micellaires a poids moleculaire eleve comportant ces derives et composition aqueuse micellaire correspondante - Google Patents
Derives de chitine ayant des groupes alkyle inferieur carboxyles en tant que substituants hydrophiles et substituants hydrophobes, supports micellaires a poids moleculaire eleve comportant ces derives et composition aqueuse micellaire correspondante Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO1997042226A1 WO1997042226A1 PCT/JP1997/001549 JP9701549W WO9742226A1 WO 1997042226 A1 WO1997042226 A1 WO 1997042226A1 JP 9701549 W JP9701549 W JP 9701549W WO 9742226 A1 WO9742226 A1 WO 9742226A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- chitin
- lower alkyl
- micelle
- degree
- derivatives
- Prior art date
Links
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
- C08L5/00—Compositions of polysaccharides or of their derivatives not provided for in groups C08L1/00 or C08L3/00
- C08L5/08—Chitin; Chondroitin sulfate; Hyaluronic acid; Derivatives thereof
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08B—POLYSACCHARIDES; DERIVATIVES THEREOF
- C08B37/00—Preparation of polysaccharides not provided for in groups C08B1/00 - C08B35/00; Derivatives thereof
- C08B37/0006—Homoglycans, i.e. polysaccharides having a main chain consisting of one single sugar, e.g. colominic acid
- C08B37/0024—Homoglycans, i.e. polysaccharides having a main chain consisting of one single sugar, e.g. colominic acid beta-D-Glucans; (beta-1,3)-D-Glucans, e.g. paramylon, coriolan, sclerotan, pachyman, callose, scleroglucan, schizophyllan, laminaran, lentinan or curdlan; (beta-1,6)-D-Glucans, e.g. pustulan; (beta-1,4)-D-Glucans; (beta-1,3)(beta-1,4)-D-Glucans, e.g. lichenan; Derivatives thereof
- C08B37/0027—2-Acetamido-2-deoxy-beta-glucans; Derivatives thereof
- C08B37/003—Chitin, i.e. 2-acetamido-2-deoxy-(beta-1,4)-D-glucan or N-acetyl-beta-1,4-D-glucosamine; Chitosan, i.e. deacetylated product of chitin or (beta-1,4)-D-glucosamine; Derivatives thereof
Definitions
- a chitin derivative having a carboxyl lower alkyl ⁇ ⁇ as a hydrophilic S-substituted ⁇ ⁇ and a hydrophobic substitution comprising the chitin derivative (3 ⁇ 4molecular micelle type carrier and its micelle-like water fk composition
- the present invention relates to a chitin derivative having a hydrophilic (carboxyl lower alkyl group as a substituent and a hydrophobic substituent), a micelle-forming substance comprising the same, a polymer micelle-type carrier, and a micelle-like aqueous composition obtained by using the same. More specifically, the present invention provides a chitin derivative having a carboxyl lower alkyl group and a hydrophobic substituent as hydrophilic substituents, which are suitable for a crush improver, a protein coagulant, and a micelle forming agent.
- the present invention relates to a micelle-forming substance having a carboxyl lower alkyl group and a hydrophobic substituent as a hydrophilic ffl substituent, a polymeric micelle-type carrier, and a micelle-like aqueous composition using the same.
- the chitin is poly3-1,4N-acetylglucosamine (poly-1,4N-acetylglucosamine).
- chitin is a member of the crustacean shells and squid soft shells.For example, about 15% of shells are produced in large quantities as by-products during snowy moth processing. It is included and is a material for which effective use is desired. Since it is degraded in the living body and has good biocompatibility, it has attracted attention as a surgical suture, wound covering, and as a biodegradable or degradable material.
- san has a function as a physical fiber in the intestinal tract, and it is needless to say that it is safe for the human body. This is an average of 200,000 hours or less.
- Chitin arranges molecule S according to the purpose of use.
- a method of reducing the molecular weight a method of treating with a strong acid is generally used. For example, 5 to 10% hydrochloric acid is added to Chionoecetacean (average molecular weight: 40,000) and heated. Then, after neutralization with water, 60-90 in 10-20% caustic soda solution. At C, departure processing is performed.
- chitin having a molecular weight of 100,000 or less.
- Methods for reducing the molecular weight of chitin are as described above.
- ffl of drench such as rhizome.
- chitin and their derivatives have been used as soil improvers and protein agglomerates.
- Molecules with hydrophilic and hydrophobic substitutions S have been used as the wood improvers.
- An object of the present invention is to provide a chitin derivative having a carboxyl lower alkyl group and a hydrophobic exchange group as hydrophilic substituents useful for, for example, Ji-yong improvement, protein coagulation and micelle formation.
- An object of the present invention is to provide a micelle-forming substance of a chitin derivative having a carboxyl lower alkyl group and a hydrophobic substituent as a hydrophilic substituent.
- An object of the present invention is to provide a polymeric micelle-type carrier of a quinone derivative having a carboxyl lower alkyl group and a hydrophobic group as hydrophilic S substituents.
- An object of the present invention is to provide a micelle-like aqueous composition in which a chitin derivative having a carboxyl lower alkyl group and a hydrophobic i-exchange group as a hydrophilic group is used as a polymeric micellar type support.
- the gist of the present invention is a chitin derivative having a carboxyl lower alkyl group represented by the following formula (1).
- the chitin nucleus molecular weight is preferably 100,000 or less
- the present invention relates to a micelle-forming substance comprising the above-mentioned chitin-inducible molecule
- the present invention also provides a high molecular micelle-type carrier characterized by comprising chitin, 'isomer.
- the present invention also provides a micelle-like aqueous composition using the above chitin derivative as a high molecular micelle-type carrier.
- the micelle-like aqueous composition contains a hydrophobic compound in polymer micelle-type suspended micelles that form ⁇ molecular micelles in an aqueous solution.
- hydrophobic compound include sparingly soluble fragrances, soluble pigments, and fats and oils.
- Chitin Wing were introduced hydrophilic group and a hydrophobic represented by the formula (1) - chitin in order to produce a conductor may be natural chitin either 0 :, beta 7 type c Regenerated chitin or chitosan (deacetylated chitin) may be used.
- Molecule H The degree of deacetylation is not limited. The diameter is not fixed, but it should be selected according to the purpose because the finer the particle, the faster it disperses.
- freeze-alternating force When the chitin is thawed, press it between filter papers to remove excess alcohol and remove the weight loss of 55% aqueous sodium hydroxide solution. In addition, it swells.
- the chitosan solution used in the present invention is obtained by completely or partially deacetylating chitin or chitosan, which is contained in many feet in the outer shell of shrimp, shrimp and squid soft shell.
- the resulting chitosan is used.
- the aqueous micelle-like composition is a solution composition in which a hydrophobic substance is uniformly dispersed in an aqueous dispersion, becomes visually transparent or milky, and a hydrophobic substance is solubilized: To taste.
- the aqueous solvent used here include distilled water.
- ⁇ salts, salts, acids, ethyl alcohol and the like may be appropriately added thereto.
- the means for solubilization is not particularly limited, but it is preferable to apply a temperature in the range of 20 to 100 ° C. when the chitin derivative swells.
- a hydrophobic substance is added to form polymer micelles, it is preferable to perform ultrasonic treatment for 10 to 120 minutes.
- 100 mg of various chitin derivatives, 45 g of water and 5 g of 0.5% / S-potassium oil are added, stirred, and ultrasonically irradiated with an ultrasonic device for 1 hour.
- the obtained emulsified solution is allowed to stand, and then centrifuged to remove an oil layer and a precipitate, thereby obtaining an aqueous layer.
- a micelle-like aqueous composition in which oil is uniformly dispersed is obtained.
- the measurement of the / 9 chin in the water layer is performed by measuring the b value (yellowish) using a color difference meter.
- the mode of the micelle-like composition may be either a water-soluble composition or a dry composition thereof, but a dry composition is more preferable because a hydrophobic substance is stably stored.
- the dry composition is obtained by drying the water-soluble composition.
- the drying means is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include a freeze drying method, a spray drying method, and a reduced pressure drying method.
- FIG. 1 is a diagram for explaining the effect of press treatment of alkali chitin on carboxymethylation reaction.
- Fig. 2 shows the results of preservation tests for those derived from chitosan and laurylated carboxymethyl chitin in a transparent sample bottle at room temperature under natural light.
- Fig. 3 is a diagram illustrating the relationship between the substitution of lauryl ⁇ and the solubilizing ability
- Fig. 4 illustrates the effect of the number of carbon atoms in the alkyl chain of the alkylated carboxymethyl chitin derivative on solubilization). That is.
- Example 1 is one embodiment of the present invention and does not limit the present invention.
- Example 1 is one embodiment of the present invention and does not limit the present invention.
- Molecule m molecular weight of carboxymethyl chitin
- the physical properties (molecular weight, degree of deacetylation, degree of propyloxymethylation, degree of laurylation) of chitin and its derivatives were measured by the following methods, respectively. And the molecule of Inoue et al. (Inoue, Y., Kaneko, ⁇ . And ⁇ kura, S .: R ep. Pro 25, 759 (1 982).).
- the degree of deacetylation, the degree of decarboxylation, and the degree of radicalization are as follows. 400 (BRU KER) and calculated (e.g., JA: Example 2).
- Example 1 The carboquine methylchitin (4 g) obtained in Example 1 was subjected to 1 hour at room temperature in concentrated hydrochloric acid (10 O ml). Tilchitin was obtained. Using this as a charge, the following method was used: Example 1 and M-like method were used to obtain the galvanizing agent ruboquin methylquintin (() .8 g). Table 2 shows the physical properties of the obtained peroxylated ruboximemethyltin. Physical properties were measured according to the method of Example 1. Two
- Example 1 was repeated, except that powdered ikachin was replaced by powdered nikitin (Kyowa Technos: low molecular weight chitin, passed through a mesh, molecular weight 50,000) as a starting material.
- powdered nikitin Karlin-modified chitin
- a radially-modified carboxymethyltin was obtained (degree of carboxymethylation: 11%, degree of deacetylation: 92%, degree of laurylation: 64%).
- the mixture was frozen again at -20 ° C, thawed at low temperature, added with 100 ml of 2-propanol, and added with stirring until the monoacetic acid was neutralized.
- the precipitate to which methanol was added was sequentially washed with methanol, hydrated methanol and acetate, dialyzed, dried, and then dried with laurylated carboxymethyl chitin (carboxymethyl). Of chilled degree 158.3%> was obtained.
- a myristyl carboxymethyl chitin was prepared in the same manner as in Example 1 except that myristyl aldehyde was used in place of polyalkyl aldehyde (degree of myristation: 22. 6%)-Example ⁇
- a decylated carboxymethyl chitin was prepared in the same manner as in Example 1 except that decyl aldehyde was used instead of lauryl aldehyde in Example 1 (decylation degree: 29.7%).
- Example 1 was repeated except that octyl aldehyde was used instead of lauryl aldehyde. Was prepared (octylated skin 36.2%).
- Hexylated carboxymethyl chitin was prepared in the same manner as in Example 1 except that hexyl aldehyde was used instead of lauryl aldehyde (degree of hexylation: 32.7%).
- the b-value (yellow) was measured to determine the amount of 3-carotene in the aqueous layer.
- the c- b value was measured using a colorimeter (MIN 0 LTA, CR—200, cell 029 mm, sample amount 4 g) Used.
- Rnl, 2, 4, and 5 are required for both hydrophobic group (raulyl group) and hydrophilic group (carboxymethyl group). There is no difference in the solubilizing ability between Ika and Riki.
- Table 4 shows the results of the average particle size. 4 Table 4
- a part of the aqueous layer was freeze-dried, reconstituted in a small amount of water, and evaluated.
- the alkylated carboxymethyl chitin derivative having 6 and 12 carbon atoms was subjected to autocrap treatment at 121 ° C for 10 minutes using a retort patch and evaluated.
- the residual ratio of b-value in the water layer was 79.6% at 6 carbon atoms and 97.3% at 12 carbon atoms, indicating retort resistance.
- the present invention can provide a chitin derivative having a carboxyl lower alkyl group and a hydrophobic substituent as a hydrophilic fi-substituent useful for a soil conditioner, a protein flocculant, a micelle forming agent, and the like. It is possible to provide a polymer micelle-type carrier comprising the chitin conductor and a micelle-like aqueous composition of a hardly soluble fragrance, a hardly soluble dye or a fat or oil using the same.
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
- Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
- Molecular Biology (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Biochemistry (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Polysaccharides And Polysaccharide Derivatives (AREA)
- Cosmetics (AREA)
- Separation Of Suspended Particles By Flocculating Agents (AREA)
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (5)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE69728260T DE69728260T2 (de) | 1996-05-09 | 1997-05-08 | Chitinderivate mit carboxylierten niedrigen alkylgruppen als hydrophilen und hydrophoben substituenten, hoch-molekulare micellare träger, welche diese derivate enthalten und die wässrige micellare zusammensetzung |
CA002257067A CA2257067C (en) | 1996-05-09 | 1997-05-08 | Chitin derivatives having carboxyalkyl groups as hydrophilic substituents and alkyl groups as hydrophobic substituents, and polymer micellar carriers comprised of these chitin derivatives, and micelle-like aqueous compositions of these chitin derivatives |
EP97918388A EP0897929B1 (en) | 1996-05-09 | 1997-05-08 | Chitin derivatives having carboxylated lower alkyl groups as hydrophilic substituents and hydrophobic substituents, high-molecular micellar supports comprising the derivatives, and micellar aqueous composition thereof |
US09/180,373 US6251959B1 (en) | 1996-05-09 | 1997-05-08 | Chitin derivatives having carboxylated lower alkyl groups as hydrophilic substituents and hydrophobic substituents, and micellar aqueous composition thereof |
JP53974697A JP4119482B2 (ja) | 1996-05-09 | 1997-05-08 | 親水性置換基としてカルボキシル低級アルキル基および疎水性置換基を有するキチン誘導体、当該キチン誘導体からなる高分子ミセル型担体およびそのミセル様水性組成物 |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
JP13963496 | 1996-05-09 | ||
JP8/139634 | 1996-05-09 |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
WO1997042226A1 true WO1997042226A1 (fr) | 1997-11-13 |
Family
ID=15249857
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/JP1997/001549 WO1997042226A1 (fr) | 1996-05-09 | 1997-05-08 | Derives de chitine ayant des groupes alkyle inferieur carboxyles en tant que substituants hydrophiles et substituants hydrophobes, supports micellaires a poids moleculaire eleve comportant ces derives et composition aqueuse micellaire correspondante |
Country Status (6)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US6251959B1 (ja) |
EP (1) | EP0897929B1 (ja) |
JP (1) | JP4119482B2 (ja) |
CA (1) | CA2257067C (ja) |
DE (1) | DE69728260T2 (ja) |
WO (1) | WO1997042226A1 (ja) |
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JP2006503933A (ja) * | 2002-09-20 | 2006-02-02 | ザ・ユニバーシティ・オブ・ストラスクライド | 親水性基および疎水性基で置換された可溶化多糖類 |
Families Citing this family (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US7981871B2 (en) | 2003-12-04 | 2011-07-19 | University Of Utah Research Foundation | Modified macromolescules and associated methods of synthesis and use |
GB0508883D0 (en) | 2005-04-29 | 2005-06-08 | Unilever Plc | Polymers for laundry applications |
CN1318453C (zh) * | 2005-07-21 | 2007-05-30 | 浙江大学 | 荧光标记疏水改性壳寡糖聚合物及制备方法和应用 |
US8877170B2 (en) * | 2009-02-21 | 2014-11-04 | Sofradim Production | Medical device with inflammatory response-reducing coating |
FR3016882A1 (fr) | 2014-01-30 | 2015-07-31 | Sofradim Production | Procede de preparation de chitosane a haut degre d’acetylation |
US20200262937A1 (en) * | 2017-09-27 | 2020-08-20 | Association For The Advancement Of Tissue Engineering Cell Based Technologies & Therapies (A4Tec)- | High molecular weight chitosan, process for obtaining and uses thereof |
Citations (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JPS5590505A (en) * | 1978-12-29 | 1980-07-09 | Kureha Chem Ind Co Ltd | Carboxyalkylchitin and preparation of deacetylated product thereof |
JPS5590503A (en) * | 1978-12-29 | 1980-07-09 | Kureha Chem Ind Co Ltd | Chitin molding material |
Family Cites Families (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3953608A (en) * | 1971-05-10 | 1976-04-27 | L'oreal | Cosmetic compositions for the skin containing a chitosan derivative |
US4308377A (en) | 1978-12-29 | 1981-12-29 | Kureha Kagaku Kogyo Kabushiki Kaisha | Shaped material comprising denatured chitin and process for preparing same |
JP2517760B2 (ja) | 1989-05-11 | 1996-07-24 | 新技術事業団 | 水溶性高分子化医薬製剤 |
KR940003548U (ko) | 1992-08-14 | 1994-02-21 | 김형술 | 세탁물 건조기 |
FR2721933B1 (fr) * | 1994-06-30 | 1996-09-27 | Gattefosse Ets Sa | Derives du chitosane, procede pour sa preparation et composition cosmetique contenant de tels derives |
DE4442987C2 (de) * | 1994-12-02 | 1997-04-17 | Henkel Kgaa | Kationische Chitinabbauprodukte |
-
1997
- 1997-05-08 CA CA002257067A patent/CA2257067C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1997-05-08 US US09/180,373 patent/US6251959B1/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1997-05-08 JP JP53974697A patent/JP4119482B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1997-05-08 WO PCT/JP1997/001549 patent/WO1997042226A1/ja active IP Right Grant
- 1997-05-08 EP EP97918388A patent/EP0897929B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1997-05-08 DE DE69728260T patent/DE69728260T2/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
Patent Citations (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JPS5590505A (en) * | 1978-12-29 | 1980-07-09 | Kureha Chem Ind Co Ltd | Carboxyalkylchitin and preparation of deacetylated product thereof |
JPS5590503A (en) * | 1978-12-29 | 1980-07-09 | Kureha Chem Ind Co Ltd | Chitin molding material |
Cited By (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JP2006503933A (ja) * | 2002-09-20 | 2006-02-02 | ザ・ユニバーシティ・オブ・ストラスクライド | 親水性基および疎水性基で置換された可溶化多糖類 |
JP4865228B2 (ja) * | 2002-09-20 | 2012-02-01 | ザ スクール オブ ファーマシー,ユニバーシティ オブ ロンドン | 親水性基および疎水性基で置換された可溶化多糖類 |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
CA2257067C (en) | 2005-08-16 |
EP0897929A4 (en) | 2000-03-22 |
JP4119482B2 (ja) | 2008-07-16 |
EP0897929B1 (en) | 2004-03-24 |
CA2257067A1 (en) | 1997-11-13 |
DE69728260T2 (de) | 2005-02-24 |
DE69728260D1 (de) | 2004-04-29 |
EP0897929A1 (en) | 1999-02-24 |
US6251959B1 (en) | 2001-06-26 |
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
Hu et al. | Formation of self-assembled polyelectrolyte complex hydrogel derived from salecan and chitosan for sustained release of Vitamin C | |
CA2578678C (en) | Photoreactive polysaccharide, photocrosslinked polysaccharide products, the method of making them and medical materials therefrom | |
Manna et al. | Potential use of curcumin loaded carboxymethylated guar gum grafted gelatin film for biomedical applications | |
Peniche et al. | Chitin and chitosan: major sources, properties and applications | |
Barikani et al. | Preparation and application of chitin and its derivatives: a review | |
Jayakumar et al. | Novel carboxymethyl derivatives of chitin and chitosan materials and their biomedical applications | |
Zhang et al. | Advance in the applications of konjac glucomannan and its derivatives | |
Wongpanit et al. | Preparation and characterization of microwave‐treated carboxymethyl chitin and carboxymethyl chitosan films for potential use in wound care application | |
Karimi et al. | A nanoporous photosensitizing hydrogel based on chitosan cross-linked by zinc phthalocyanine: an injectable and pH-stimuli responsive system for effective cancer therapy | |
KR20010052346A (ko) | 알로에 펙틴 | |
JPH07501216A (ja) | 穀物エキス | |
EP1565483A2 (en) | New biopolymers obtained by solid state irradiation in an unsaturated gaseous atmosphere | |
WO2008096894A1 (ja) | セルロース誘導体およびその製造方法 | |
JP4356289B2 (ja) | 多糖類複合体及びその製造方法 | |
JP4321007B2 (ja) | 多糖類複合体及びその製造方法 | |
WO1997042226A1 (fr) | Derives de chitine ayant des groupes alkyle inferieur carboxyles en tant que substituants hydrophiles et substituants hydrophobes, supports micellaires a poids moleculaire eleve comportant ces derives et composition aqueuse micellaire correspondante | |
CN105126153B (zh) | 一种含有凝血酶的复合止血膜及其制备方法 | |
JP4460663B2 (ja) | ヒアルロン酸ゲルスラリー及びその用途 | |
Martínez-Ibarra et al. | Chitosan and xyloglucan-based hydrogels: an overview of synthetic and functional utility | |
JP4566274B2 (ja) | キチンスラリーおよびその製造方法 | |
JP5110046B2 (ja) | 多糖類複合体及びその製造方法 | |
Chowdhury et al. | Exploration of Basella alba mucilage as a novel adjuvant in Pharmaceutical Formulation | |
CN114288480B (zh) | 一种生物改性的氧化再生纤维素止血防粘连材料及其制备方法 | |
CN114392399B (zh) | 一种木葡聚糖防粘连膜及其制备方法 | |
Sergeeva et al. | Synthesis and Antioxidative Properties of Conjugates of Dextran with 4-(4-Hydroxy-3, 5-di-tert-butylbenzylidene)-2-phenyl-4, 5-dihydrooxazol-5-one |
Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
AK | Designated states |
Kind code of ref document: A1 Designated state(s): CA JP US |
|
AL | Designated countries for regional patents |
Kind code of ref document: A1 Designated state(s): AT BE CH DE DK ES FI FR GB GR IE IT LU MC NL PT SE |
|
DFPE | Request for preliminary examination filed prior to expiration of 19th month from priority date (pct application filed before 20040101) | ||
121 | Ep: the epo has been informed by wipo that ep was designated in this application | ||
ENP | Entry into the national phase |
Ref document number: 2257067 Country of ref document: CA Ref country code: CA Ref document number: 2257067 Kind code of ref document: A Format of ref document f/p: F |
|
WWE | Wipo information: entry into national phase |
Ref document number: 1997918388 Country of ref document: EP |
|
WWE | Wipo information: entry into national phase |
Ref document number: 09180373 Country of ref document: US |
|
WWP | Wipo information: published in national office |
Ref document number: 1997918388 Country of ref document: EP |
|
WWG | Wipo information: grant in national office |
Ref document number: 1997918388 Country of ref document: EP |