Classifications

• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
  • A23K—FODDER
  • A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
  • A23K20/20—Inorganic substances, e.g. oligoelements
  • A23K20/30—Oligoelements
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
  • A23L—FOODS, FOODSTUFFS, OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES A21D OR A23B-A23J; THEIR PREPARATION OR TREATMENT, e.g. COOKING, MODIFICATION OF NUTRITIVE QUALITIES, PHYSICAL TREATMENT; PRESERVATION OF FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS, IN GENERAL
  • A23L5/00—Preparation or treatment of foods or foodstuffs, in general; Food or foodstuffs obtained thereby; Materials therefor
  • A23L5/20—Removal of unwanted matter, e.g. deodorisation or detoxification
  • A23L5/27—Removal of unwanted matter, e.g. deodorisation or detoxification by chemical treatment, by adsorption or by absorption
  • A23L5/273—Removal of unwanted matter, e.g. deodorisation or detoxification by chemical treatment, by adsorption or by absorption using adsorption or absorption agents, resins, synthetic polymers, or ion exchangers
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
  • A23K—FODDER
  • A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
  • A23K20/10—Organic substances
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
  • A23L—FOODS, FOODSTUFFS, OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES A21D OR A23B-A23J; THEIR PREPARATION OR TREATMENT, e.g. COOKING, MODIFICATION OF NUTRITIVE QUALITIES, PHYSICAL TREATMENT; PRESERVATION OF FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS, IN GENERAL
  • A23L29/00—Foods or foodstuffs containing additives; Preparation or treatment thereof
  • A23L29/015—Inorganic compounds
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
  • A61K33/00—Medicinal preparations containing inorganic active ingredients
  • A61K33/24—Heavy metals; Compounds thereof
  • A61K33/26—Iron; Compounds thereof
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
  • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
  • B01J20/00—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof
  • B01J20/02—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof comprising inorganic material
  • B01J20/06—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof comprising inorganic material comprising oxides or hydroxides of metals not provided for in group B01J20/04

Definitions

• Adsorbent for phosphate from an aqueous medium Adsorbent for phosphate from an aqueous medium, its production and use
• the invention relates to an adsorbent for phosphate from an aqueous medium, for example from aqueous solutions. It is particularly suitable as an adsorbent for inorganic and food-bound phosphate; in particular as a preparation for oral use for the prophylaxis and treatment of the hyperphosphatemic condition.
• Hyperparathyroidism must be considered one of the causes of the development of renal osteopathy. Usually one tries to check the phosphate balance by dialysis, administration of oral phosphate adsorbers, which should prevent the absorption of the food phosphates in the gastrointestinal tract, or the combination of both methods in the
• the aluminum III salts used as oral phosphate adsorbers in addition to the dialysis-encephalopathy syndrome, cause renal osteopathy and microcytic anemia.
• hypercalcaemia often occurs in connection with vascular and soft tissue calcification as well as gastrointestinal complaints (Dialyse Journal 37, 1-40 (1991).
• DE 42 39 442 A1 proposed the use of adsorption materials modified with polynuclear metal oxide hydroxides, the use of the water-soluble iron dextrans and dextrins described there having the disadvantage of being absorbable.
• crosslinked polysaccharide carriers complexes can be produced which release little iron.
• the disadvantage of these complexes, which are based on alpha iron hydroxides, lies on the one hand in the high cost of the crosslinked to be used
• the object of the present invention is therefore to provide adsorbents for phosphate from an aqueous medium, in particular from an aqueous solution.
• the adsorbents are said to be particularly suitable for inorganic and food-bound phosphate from body fluids, chyme and foods, have an improved phosphate adsorption capacity and be simple and inexpensive to produce.
• adsorbents for phosphate from an aqueous medium which form an object of the invention and which contain polynuclear beta-iron hydroxide stabilized by carbohydrates and / or humic acid.
• the adsorbents are particularly suitable for the adsorption of phosphates from aqueous solutions, for example for the adsorption of inorganic and food-bound phosphates.
• polynuclear beta-iron hydroxide has a superior phosphate adsorption capacity.
• stabilization can take place by means of suitable compounds, in particular carbohydrates and humic acid. Without being bound by any theory, it is assumed that there is no complex formation with the carbohydrates.
• Another object of the invention is the method for
• polynuclear beta-iron hydroxide stabilized by carbohydrates and / or humic acid which can be used as an adsorbent or in adsorbents for inorganic and food-bound phosphate.
• an aqueous base solution containing an aqueous chloride ion is used
• Sodium carbonate or sodium bicarbonate in aqueous solution for example, can be used as the alkali carbonate or alkali bicarbonate solution.
• Water-soluble salts of, for example, inorganic or organic acids can be used as the iron (III) salt; iron (III) chloride is preferred.
• ⁇ -iron hydroxide (Akaganeit) is fundamentally known in the prior art and is described, for example, in the reference U. Schwertmann, RM Cornell “Iron Oxides in the Laboratory", VCH Verlagsgesellschaft mbH, 1991, pages 95-100.
• ferrihydrite is also precipitated.
• Such mixtures of ⁇ -iron hydroxide and ferrihydrite can also be used as adsorbents in the present invention and are therefore also an object of the present invention.
• One or more carbohydrates and / or humic acid are added to the suspension obtained above.
• Water-soluble compounds are preferably used.
• the carbohydrates and / or humic acid can be added in solid form, whereby they can dissolve in the water present. However, it is also possible to add aqueous carbohydrate solutions.
• the amount of carbohydrates or humic acid so that at least 0.5 g carbohydrate or humic acid are added per g iron (calculated as Fe).
• the iron content should not exceed 40 percent by weight.
• the maximum content of carbohydrates and / or humic acid is not subject to any limits and is primarily determined by economic reasons.
• Soluble carbohydrates such as various sugars, e.g. Agarose, dextran, dextrin, dextran derivatives, cellulose and cellulose derivatives, sucrose, maltose, lactose or mannitol.
• the adsorption materials made of insoluble stabilized polynuclear beta-iron hydroxide provided according to the invention have the advantage that they release little iron in addition to a high phosphate binding capacity and are inexpensive to produce.
• Calcium salts include, for example, salts of inorganic or organic acids, in particular calcium acetate.
• the addition of the calcium salt increases the phosphate binding capacity, especially at higher pH values. It is particularly convenient to use such
• Use calcium salts provided adsorbents at pH values of more than 5, since even then the complete phosphate binding capacity is retained.
• the adsorbents according to the invention can be formulated, for example, for oral use. They can be formulated as such or together with customary pharmaceutical additives, such as customary carriers or auxiliaries. For example, an encapsulation can take place, it being possible to use conventional materials used in the pharmaceutical sector as encapsulation agents. It is also possible to provide the adsorbents, optionally together with auxiliaries and additives, in the form of granules, tablets, coated tablets or, for example, in sachets.
• the daily dose of the adsorbents according to the invention is, for example, 1 to 3 g, preferably approximately 1.5 g, of iron.
• adsorbents of the invention are also suitable for use in the adsorption of food-borne phosphate; for this purpose, they can be added to foods, for example.
• formulations can be created, for example, as described above for medicinal products.
• sucrose and starch 15 g are added to each of the 208.3 g of the above suspension.
• the suspension is then concentrated on a rotary evaporator at 50 ° C. and dried at 40 ° C. in a high vacuum. 47.2 g of powder with an iron content of 21.2% (complexometrically determined) are obtained.
• Example 2 30.0 g of sucrose are added to 208.3 g of the suspension prepared according to Example 1. The resulting suspension is then concentrated on a rotary evaporator at 50 ° C. and dried at 40 ° C. in a high vacuum. The phosphate binding capacity of the resulting material is determined analogously to Example 2:
• Example 2 30.0 g of white dextrin (Amylum, from Blattmann) are added to 208.3 g of the suspension prepared according to Example 1. The resulting suspension is then concentrated on a rotary evaporator at 50 ° C. and dried at 40 ° C. in a high vacuum. The phosphate binding capacity of the resulting material is determined analogously to Example 2:
• Example 2 30.0 g of humic acid (Fluka, Art. No. 53860) are added to 208.3 g of the suspension prepared according to Example 1. The resulting suspension is then concentrated on a rotary evaporator at 50 ° C. and dried at 40 ° C. in a high vacuum. The phosphate binding capacity of the resulting material is determined analogously to Example 2:
• iron (III) oxide corresponding to 50 mg of iron (corresponding to 0.9 mmol of iron
• 10 ml of sodium phosphate solution 13.68 g / 1 Na 3 P0 4 x 12 H 2 0
• the phosphate binding capacity is determined analogously to the example
• the phosphate binding capacity is determined analogously to Example 10:
• Example 16 To produce a standard rat feed with 0.8% total phosphorus content, the dry, powdery individual components were filled into a cylinder after thorough mixing and pressed into pellets. The composition of the feed according to the Weender analysis corresponded to the values in the table below. The total phosphorus content was divided between 0.75% organically bound and 0.05% inorganic phosphate.

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• Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
• Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
• Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Food Science & Technology (AREA)
• Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
• Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
• Animal Husbandry (AREA)
• Zoology (AREA)
• Nutrition Science (AREA)
• Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
• Organic Chemistry (AREA)
• Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
• General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
• Pharmacology & Pharmacy (AREA)
• Epidemiology (AREA)
• Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
• Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
• Public Health (AREA)
• Veterinary Medicine (AREA)
• Solid-Sorbent Or Filter-Aiding Compositions (AREA)
• Food Preservation Except Freezing, Refrigeration, And Drying (AREA)
• Water Treatment By Sorption (AREA)
• Pharmaceuticals Containing Other Organic And Inorganic Compounds (AREA)

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