WO1996015682A1 - Additif pour produits de fourrage et pour eau potable permettant de renforcer la resistance au stress et l'immunite d'animaux de rapport - Google Patents
Additif pour produits de fourrage et pour eau potable permettant de renforcer la resistance au stress et l'immunite d'animaux de rapport Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO1996015682A1 WO1996015682A1 PCT/AT1995/000224 AT9500224W WO9615682A1 WO 1996015682 A1 WO1996015682 A1 WO 1996015682A1 AT 9500224 W AT9500224 W AT 9500224W WO 9615682 A1 WO9615682 A1 WO 9615682A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- drinking water
- feed
- water additive
- vitamin
- immunity
- Prior art date
Links
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12Y—ENZYMES
- C12Y111/00—Oxidoreductases acting on a peroxide as acceptor (1.11)
- C12Y111/01—Peroxidases (1.11.1)
- C12Y111/01007—Peroxidase (1.11.1.7), i.e. horseradish-peroxidase
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K20/10—Organic substances
- A23K20/189—Enzymes
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12Y—ENZYMES
- C12Y302/00—Hydrolases acting on glycosyl compounds, i.e. glycosylases (3.2)
- C12Y302/01—Glycosidases, i.e. enzymes hydrolysing O- and S-glycosyl compounds (3.2.1)
- C12Y302/01017—Lysozyme (3.2.1.17)
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a feed or drinking water additive for improving the stress resistance and immunity of livestock containing lysozyme.
- DE-Al-39 34 010 has already disclosed a preparation which can be used in animal breeding and contains the enzyme lysozyme, vitamins, antioxidants and pharmaceutically acceptable carriers, and a process for producing the same, with which the occurrence of diseases is to be avoided.
- Feed or drinking water additives to improve the immunity of farm animals have been investigated and tested for a long time in order to minimize or alleviate, in particular, stresses on the immune system of the organism which occur during the stress phases of farm animals.
- Particularly stressful loads in young animals are the time of weaning in the case of piglets and regrouping or overloaded transport or feed changes in the calf fattening.
- Any chronic illness or persistent trauma also stresses the organism of the farm animals as a stress factor and reduces their performance. During such stress phases, the organism of the animals is significantly stressed, although at any other time the animal can be in a hidden defense weakness and thus be particularly sensitive to the action of both potentially pathogenic and pathogenic germs and other noxious agents .
- factor diseases can gain a foothold at this time and there can be a direct performance depression in farm animals, which means a not insignificant economic loss for the animal owner.
- attempts are being made mainly to counter the stress or disease factors in the critical phases of livestock husbandry, such as weaning of piglets or the first days of life of young chickens, by the prophylactic or methaphylactic administration of bacteriocidal antibiotics.
- bacteriocidal antibiotics in particular for the removal of the growth-inhibited bacteria for bacteriostats and Che otherapeutics a priori a functioning defense system is presupposed, which naturally is not always present during increased stress phases of livestock.
- the use of antibiotics also has the disadvantage that after the administration of antibiotics there are waiting times which must be observed before an animal can be fed into food production.
- the statutory waiting times relate to the metabolism of healthy animals and it is self-evident that the metabolism of a sick animal, which deviates or fluctuates greatly from that of a healthy animal, is often unable to do so completely break down the antibiotics within the specified waiting times. Increased, precise residue controls must therefore be carried out in order to ensure that food derived from animals cannot pose a risk to the consumer.
- the invention therefore aims to provide an improved feed or drinking water additive for improving the stress resistance and immunity of livestock containing lysozyme, with which it is possible to keep livestock in times of increased stress without the administration of antibiotics and at the same time to achieve an improved immunity and an increased performance of the farm animals solely by the addition of the feed or drinking water additive according to the invention.
- the feed or drinking water additive according to the invention for improving the immunity of farm animals essentially consists in that the feed or drinking water additive consisting of lysozyme and / or the pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof as the main component and a peroxidase-containing substance, in particular horseradish peroxidase.
- the feed or drinking water additive according to the invention consists of lysozyme and / or its pharmaceutically unobjectionable salts as the main constituent and a substance containing peroxydis results from the synergism of the two components of the feed or drinking water additive has a greater effect than could be expected from the individual effects of the two substances. This is particularly important because, to date, no broad basis for therapeutic lysozyme use has been found, since the enzyme is only a factor in the system of unspecific or indigenous resistance. Each of these factors, to which, for example, lactoferrin and lactoperoxidase also belong, has only a limited activity and the more factors of this system are present, the more efficient their action is.
- the further added peroxidase-containing substance in particular the horseradish peroxidase, which belongs together with the lactoperoxidase and other peroxidases to a group of enzymes which catalyzes the formation of the oxidative oxygen compounds, enhances the action of lysozyme alone via the Single effect beyond.
- peroxidase-containing substance in particular the horseradish peroxidase, which belongs together with the lactoperoxidase and other peroxidases to a group of enzymes which catalyzes the formation of the oxidative oxygen compounds
- Lysozyme or other hydrolases inactivate bacteria and their products as well as other pathogens through hydrolytic attacks. This mechanism is preferred by macrophages.
- Bacteria are oxidatively attacked by peroxidases (NADPH oxidase, superoxide disase, myeloperoxidase, etc.), the enzymatic apparatus of neutrophil granulocytes in particular being based on this inactivation mechanism.
- NADPH oxidase superoxide disase
- myeloperoxidase etc.
- the drinking water additive preferably additionally contains one or more of the vitamins selected from the group vitamin N A, vitamin D3, vitamin E, vitamin B, vitamin C, nicotinamide, Ca-D pantothenate.
- vitamins selected from the group vitamin N A, vitamin D3, vitamin E, vitamin B, vitamin C, nicotinamide, Ca-D pantothenate.
- the feed or drinking water additive particularly preferably contains vitamin E in an amount of 5 to 50 g / kg additive. From Vita ⁇ min E numerous effects are known which favor the overall well-being of living beings.
- Vitamin E as a fat-soluble, intercellular antioxidant, is primarily involved in the stabilization of unsaturated fatty acids by preventing the formation of toxic lipoperoxides. Vitamin E also represents an important protective factor for blood vessels and the membrane of the erythrocytes, has an effect as a physiological antioxidant and also has a number of specific vitamin functions, such as, for example, improving fertility. Vitamin E can also prevent muscle degeneration and liver necrosis and, according to the latest research results, it is also said to have a detoxifying effect. In the doses used according to the invention, vitamin E also improves immunity due to higher antibody production and increased phagocytosis. In addition, vitamin E acts in the feed additive according to the invention in particular as a physiological antioxidant and it supports in particular the action of lysozyme in that it forms a reductive environment for the lysozyme in which it can develop its full effectiveness.
- the feed or drinking water additive preferably further contains lactoferrin and / or plant extracts, in particular extracts of Echinaceae puys. and / or Eleutherococcus and / or Baptisia and / or Rhodanid-containing plant extracts, particularly preferably in the plant extract Echinaceae puys., Eleutherococcus and Baptisia in a ratio of 1: 2: 1.
- lactoferrin and / or plant extracts in particular extracts of Echinaceae puys. and / or Eleutherococcus and / or Baptisia and / or Rhodanid-containing plant extracts, particularly preferably in the plant extract Echinaceae puys., Eleutherococcus and Baptisia in a ratio of 1: 2: 1.
- the rhodanide-containing plant extracts such as Sinigri ⁇ , can be obtained from Semen Siapis nigrae, among others.
- lactoferrin an iron-binding protein, additionally contained in the feed or drinking water additive has a bactericidal and bacteriostatic effect.
- lactoferrin is therefore able to kill certain bacteria, and on the other hand, lactoferrin competes with bacteria for iron available in the organism, as a result of which the iron-binding activity inhibits the growth of absorbed bacteria and results in the bacteriostatic effect.
- lactoferrin is therefore able to support the antibacterial effect of lysozyme and the peroxidase, so that the overall effect of these two substances is further enhanced.
- Lactoferrin is also a growth-promoting substance because it stimulates the incorporation of bases into DNA. For this reason, improved performance of farm animals can also be achieved by adding lactoferrin with the feed or drinking water additive according to the invention.
- the plant extracts which are also preferably present in the feed or drinking water additive also serve to strengthen immunity and in particular make it possible to improve the overall effect of the substances contained in the feed or drinking water additive or a more general and comprehensive action of the feed - or to achieve drinking water additive.
- the action of these plant extracts for strengthening immunity is not based on the action of a single substance, but on the action of groups of substances that can bind to receptors of immune cells, for example. This stimulates the cells to produce metabolic products that interact with other components of the immune system, so that the overall effect of the feed or drinking water additive is increased by the addition of plant extracts, in particular the extracts of Echinaceae puys. or Eleutherococcus and / or Baptisia and / or rhodanide-containing plant extracts, is increased overall.
- the feed or drinking water additive contains, in addition to an inert carrier, 0.5 to 20% by weight lysozyme hydrochloride, 0.5 to 15% by weight horseradish peroxidase, 0.1 to 5% by weight. % Vitamin E and 0.5 to 15% by weight plant extract and lactoferrin.
- test preparation was administered via the drinking water broiler chickens.
- the test period was 5 weeks and 2 groups of chicks were tested, consisting of 11,200 in the test group and 16,320 chicks in the control group, all of which belonged to the Ross-208 breed and which, in addition to the fact that the test group used the feed according to the invention or drinking water was administered, otherwise kept or fattened under the same conditions.
- test mixture was added to the drinking water and administered as follows:
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Zoology (AREA)
- Genetics & Genomics (AREA)
- Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Bioinformatics & Cheminformatics (AREA)
- Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
- Biochemistry (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Animal Husbandry (AREA)
- Food Science & Technology (AREA)
- Fodder In General (AREA)
- Medicines That Contain Protein Lipid Enzymes And Other Medicines (AREA)
- Feed For Specific Animals (AREA)
- Coloring Foods And Improving Nutritive Qualities (AREA)
Abstract
Priority Applications (7)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
BR9506556A BR9506556A (pt) | 1994-11-22 | 1995-11-21 | Aditivo da forragem ou da água de beber para aperfeiçoar a resistência ao stress e a imunidade de animais úteis |
PL95315570A PL315570A1 (en) | 1994-11-22 | 1995-11-21 | Additive to fidder and drinking water added cin order ti improve stress resistance and immunity of livestock |
KR1019960703933A KR100218977B1 (ko) | 1994-11-22 | 1995-11-21 | 동물의 스트레스 저항성 및 면역성을 개선시키기 위한 사료 및 음용수용 첨가제 |
EP95936377A EP0740509A1 (fr) | 1994-11-22 | 1995-11-21 | Additif pour produits de fourrage et pour eau potable permettant de renforcer la resistance au stress et l'immunite d'animaux de rapport |
SK892-96A SK89296A3 (en) | 1994-11-22 | 1995-11-21 | Fodder and drinkink water additive for improving the resistance to stress and immunity of useful animals |
JP8516376A JPH11514205A (ja) | 1994-11-22 | 1995-11-21 | 有用な動物のストレス抵抗性および免疫の改善のための飼料もしくは飲料水の添加剤 |
AU38352/95A AU3835295A (en) | 1994-11-22 | 1995-11-21 | Fodder and drinking water additive for improving the resistance to stress and immunity of useful animals |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
AT0044394U AT506U1 (de) | 1994-11-22 | 1994-11-22 | Futtermittel- bzw. trinkwasserzusatz zur verbesserung der stressresistenz und der immunität von nutztieren |
ATGM443/94 | 1994-11-22 |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
WO1996015682A1 true WO1996015682A1 (fr) | 1996-05-30 |
Family
ID=3490752
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/AT1995/000224 WO1996015682A1 (fr) | 1994-11-22 | 1995-11-21 | Additif pour produits de fourrage et pour eau potable permettant de renforcer la resistance au stress et l'immunite d'animaux de rapport |
Country Status (19)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP0740509A1 (fr) |
JP (1) | JPH11514205A (fr) |
KR (1) | KR100218977B1 (fr) |
CN (1) | CN1138821A (fr) |
AT (1) | AT506U1 (fr) |
AU (1) | AU3835295A (fr) |
BR (1) | BR9506556A (fr) |
CA (1) | CA2181365A1 (fr) |
CZ (1) | CZ285631B6 (fr) |
HR (1) | HRP950567A2 (fr) |
HU (1) | HUT76362A (fr) |
IL (1) | IL115918A (fr) |
MX (1) | MX9602848A (fr) |
PL (1) | PL315570A1 (fr) |
SK (1) | SK89296A3 (fr) |
TW (1) | TW349848B (fr) |
WO (1) | WO1996015682A1 (fr) |
YU (1) | YU73795A (fr) |
ZA (1) | ZA959716B (fr) |
Cited By (8)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE19751181A1 (de) * | 1997-11-19 | 1999-05-27 | Guenter Schiedermair | Beifuttermittel |
WO1999045795A1 (fr) * | 1998-03-12 | 1999-09-16 | Diarex V/G. Andresen | Additif destine a des aliments pour animaux contenant des flavanoides tires d'un extrait de mimosa, aliments pour animaux contenant ces flavanoides, et procede de production de ces aliments pour animaux |
WO2000021381A1 (fr) * | 1998-10-15 | 2000-04-20 | Dsm N.V. | Utilisation d'enzymes antimicrobiennes dans des aliments pour animaux |
US6096307A (en) * | 1997-12-11 | 2000-08-01 | A. Glenn Braswell | Compositions for immunostimulation containing Echinacea angustofolia, bromelain, and lysozyme |
JP2002535364A (ja) * | 1999-01-29 | 2002-10-22 | マーズ ユー ケー リミテッド | ペット用動物のための抗酸化剤組成物およびその使用方法 |
KR100414899B1 (ko) * | 2001-09-05 | 2004-01-13 | 전병국 | 두충을 이용한 영·유아용 이온전해질 음료의 제조방법 |
WO2005074955A1 (fr) * | 2004-02-06 | 2005-08-18 | Riemser Arzneimittel Ag | Preparations contenant des extraits d'echinacee et du thiocyanate |
CN107637698A (zh) * | 2017-10-20 | 2018-01-30 | 天津市畜牧兽医研究所 | 一种添加到哺乳犊牛酸化奶中的复合预混合饲料及其应用 |
Families Citing this family (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN103583896B (zh) * | 2013-11-04 | 2015-06-24 | 南京温氏畜禽有限公司 | 肉鸡抗应激保健饮用水、其制备方法及使用方法 |
CN106666108A (zh) * | 2017-02-07 | 2017-05-17 | 佛山市正典生物技术有限公司 | 一种含溶菌酶的维生素分子微乳及其制备方法 |
KR20240009564A (ko) | 2022-07-13 | 2024-01-23 | 재단법인 전남바이오진흥원 | 수면지속시간 개선용 동물사료 조성물 및 동물사료 |
Citations (8)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
GB2132466A (en) * | 1982-12-22 | 1984-07-11 | Impro Products Inc | Whey product and method for obtaining same |
WO1988002600A1 (fr) * | 1986-10-20 | 1988-04-21 | Otto Melchior Poulsen | Composition bactericide contenant une enzyme et preparation pour le traitement d'infections notamment dentaires comprenant ladite composition |
WO1988004527A1 (fr) * | 1986-12-19 | 1988-06-30 | Suomen Sokeri Oy | Procede de fermentation pour la conservation d'aliments et additif permettant d'obtenir cette conservation |
EP0346909A2 (fr) * | 1988-06-17 | 1989-12-20 | Cultor Oy | Procédé par fermentation et additif pour la conservation de fourrage |
DE3934010A1 (de) * | 1988-10-12 | 1990-04-19 | Reanal Finomvegyszergyar | In der tierzucht verwendbares, das enzym lysosim enthaltendes und vitaminhaltiges praeparat und verfahren zur herstellung davon |
WO1993013786A1 (fr) * | 1992-01-16 | 1993-07-22 | Stephen Philip Mann | Formulation et utilisation de microorganismes dans le traitement des animaux |
AT398362B (de) * | 1990-06-06 | 1994-11-25 | Erber Erich Ing | Futtermittelzusatz sowie verfahren zu seiner herstellung |
AT400792B (de) * | 1989-06-13 | 1996-03-25 | Egger Franz | Milchsäurebakterien enthaltender futtermittelzusatz und verfahren zu seiner herstellung |
Family Cites Families (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
GB2118420B (en) * | 1982-04-20 | 1986-01-02 | Licencia Talalmanyokat | Fodder additive for the keeping of small animals and a process for the improvement of the meat quality |
DE3727735A1 (de) * | 1987-08-20 | 1989-03-02 | Henkel Kgaa | Geschmacksverbesserung von huehnereiern |
-
1994
- 1994-11-22 AT AT0044394U patent/AT506U1/de not_active IP Right Cessation
-
1995
- 1995-10-30 TW TW084111449A patent/TW349848B/zh active
- 1995-11-08 IL IL11591895A patent/IL115918A/xx not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1995-11-15 ZA ZA959716A patent/ZA959716B/xx unknown
- 1995-11-20 HR HRGM443/94A patent/HRP950567A2/hr not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1995-11-21 JP JP8516376A patent/JPH11514205A/ja active Pending
- 1995-11-21 PL PL95315570A patent/PL315570A1/xx unknown
- 1995-11-21 WO PCT/AT1995/000224 patent/WO1996015682A1/fr not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1995-11-21 CZ CZ961974A patent/CZ285631B6/cs not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1995-11-21 BR BR9506556A patent/BR9506556A/pt not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1995-11-21 SK SK892-96A patent/SK89296A3/sk unknown
- 1995-11-21 CN CN95191289A patent/CN1138821A/zh active Pending
- 1995-11-21 CA CA002181365A patent/CA2181365A1/fr not_active Abandoned
- 1995-11-21 HU HU9601974A patent/HUT76362A/hu unknown
- 1995-11-21 EP EP95936377A patent/EP0740509A1/fr not_active Ceased
- 1995-11-21 KR KR1019960703933A patent/KR100218977B1/ko not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1995-11-21 AU AU38352/95A patent/AU3835295A/en not_active Abandoned
- 1995-11-22 YU YU73795A patent/YU73795A/sh unknown
-
1996
- 1996-07-18 MX MX9602848A patent/MX9602848A/es unknown
Patent Citations (8)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
GB2132466A (en) * | 1982-12-22 | 1984-07-11 | Impro Products Inc | Whey product and method for obtaining same |
WO1988002600A1 (fr) * | 1986-10-20 | 1988-04-21 | Otto Melchior Poulsen | Composition bactericide contenant une enzyme et preparation pour le traitement d'infections notamment dentaires comprenant ladite composition |
WO1988004527A1 (fr) * | 1986-12-19 | 1988-06-30 | Suomen Sokeri Oy | Procede de fermentation pour la conservation d'aliments et additif permettant d'obtenir cette conservation |
EP0346909A2 (fr) * | 1988-06-17 | 1989-12-20 | Cultor Oy | Procédé par fermentation et additif pour la conservation de fourrage |
DE3934010A1 (de) * | 1988-10-12 | 1990-04-19 | Reanal Finomvegyszergyar | In der tierzucht verwendbares, das enzym lysosim enthaltendes und vitaminhaltiges praeparat und verfahren zur herstellung davon |
AT400792B (de) * | 1989-06-13 | 1996-03-25 | Egger Franz | Milchsäurebakterien enthaltender futtermittelzusatz und verfahren zu seiner herstellung |
AT398362B (de) * | 1990-06-06 | 1994-11-25 | Erber Erich Ing | Futtermittelzusatz sowie verfahren zu seiner herstellung |
WO1993013786A1 (fr) * | 1992-01-16 | 1993-07-22 | Stephen Philip Mann | Formulation et utilisation de microorganismes dans le traitement des animaux |
Non-Patent Citations (2)
Title |
---|
DATABASE WPI Week 9422, Derwent World Patents Index; AN 94-176697 * |
DATABASE WPI Week 9543, Derwent World Patents Index; AN 95-328505 * |
Cited By (12)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE19751181A1 (de) * | 1997-11-19 | 1999-05-27 | Guenter Schiedermair | Beifuttermittel |
US6096307A (en) * | 1997-12-11 | 2000-08-01 | A. Glenn Braswell | Compositions for immunostimulation containing Echinacea angustofolia, bromelain, and lysozyme |
WO1999045795A1 (fr) * | 1998-03-12 | 1999-09-16 | Diarex V/G. Andresen | Additif destine a des aliments pour animaux contenant des flavanoides tires d'un extrait de mimosa, aliments pour animaux contenant ces flavanoides, et procede de production de ces aliments pour animaux |
WO2000021381A1 (fr) * | 1998-10-15 | 2000-04-20 | Dsm N.V. | Utilisation d'enzymes antimicrobiennes dans des aliments pour animaux |
GB2349794A (en) * | 1998-10-15 | 2000-11-15 | Dsm Nv | Antimicrobial enzymes in animal feed |
GB2349794B (en) * | 1998-10-15 | 2001-08-22 | Dsm Nv | Antimicrobial enzymes in animal feed |
AU753232B2 (en) * | 1998-10-15 | 2002-10-10 | Dsm N.V. | Antimicrobial enzymes in animal feed |
JP2002535364A (ja) * | 1999-01-29 | 2002-10-22 | マーズ ユー ケー リミテッド | ペット用動物のための抗酸化剤組成物およびその使用方法 |
JP4966450B2 (ja) * | 1999-01-29 | 2012-07-04 | マーズ ユー ケー リミテッド | ペット用動物のための抗酸化剤組成物およびその使用方法 |
KR100414899B1 (ko) * | 2001-09-05 | 2004-01-13 | 전병국 | 두충을 이용한 영·유아용 이온전해질 음료의 제조방법 |
WO2005074955A1 (fr) * | 2004-02-06 | 2005-08-18 | Riemser Arzneimittel Ag | Preparations contenant des extraits d'echinacee et du thiocyanate |
CN107637698A (zh) * | 2017-10-20 | 2018-01-30 | 天津市畜牧兽医研究所 | 一种添加到哺乳犊牛酸化奶中的复合预混合饲料及其应用 |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
MX9602848A (es) | 1998-08-30 |
BR9506556A (pt) | 1997-10-28 |
JPH11514205A (ja) | 1999-12-07 |
CZ197496A3 (en) | 1996-10-16 |
HRP950567A2 (en) | 1997-04-30 |
IL115918A0 (en) | 1996-01-31 |
KR100218977B1 (ko) | 1999-10-01 |
CA2181365A1 (fr) | 1996-05-30 |
IL115918A (en) | 1999-12-31 |
CZ285631B6 (cs) | 1999-10-13 |
HUT76362A (en) | 1997-08-28 |
CN1138821A (zh) | 1996-12-25 |
YU73795A (sh) | 1998-05-15 |
ZA959716B (en) | 1996-05-29 |
HU9601974D0 (en) | 1996-09-30 |
EP0740509A1 (fr) | 1996-11-06 |
AT506U1 (de) | 1995-12-27 |
TW349848B (en) | 1999-01-11 |
AU3835295A (en) | 1996-06-17 |
PL315570A1 (en) | 1996-11-12 |
SK89296A3 (en) | 1996-12-04 |
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