WO1996014574A1 - Elektrochemischer messfühler und verfahren zu seiner herstellung - Google Patents
Elektrochemischer messfühler und verfahren zu seiner herstellung Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO1996014574A1 WO1996014574A1 PCT/DE1995/001387 DE9501387W WO9614574A1 WO 1996014574 A1 WO1996014574 A1 WO 1996014574A1 DE 9501387 W DE9501387 W DE 9501387W WO 9614574 A1 WO9614574 A1 WO 9614574A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- reference volume
- pump
- sensor element
- layer
- pump reference
- Prior art date
Links
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N27/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means
- G01N27/26—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means by investigating electrochemical variables; by using electrolysis or electrophoresis
- G01N27/416—Systems
- G01N27/417—Systems using cells, i.e. more than one cell and probes with solid electrolytes
- G01N27/419—Measuring voltages or currents with a combination of oxygen pumping cells and oxygen concentration cells
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N27/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means
- G01N27/26—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means by investigating electrochemical variables; by using electrolysis or electrophoresis
- G01N27/403—Cells and electrode assemblies
- G01N27/406—Cells and probes with solid electrolytes
- G01N27/407—Cells and probes with solid electrolytes for investigating or analysing gases
- G01N27/4075—Composition or fabrication of the electrodes and coatings thereon, e.g. catalysts
- G01N27/4076—Reference electrodes or reference mixtures
Definitions
- the invention relates to an electrochemical sensor for determining the oxygen content of gases, in particular for determining the oxygen content in exhaust gases from internal combustion engines, according to the preamble of claim 1 and to a method for producing the sensor according to the preamble of claim 8.
- Electrochemical sensors of the generic type are known. These are designed, for example, in a so-called finger design, in which a solid electrolyte body forms a sensor element, which is tightly fixed as a closed tube in a metallic housing. An outer measuring electrode of the sensor element is directly exposed to the gas to be measured, while an inner one, as a reference Electrode serving electrode is exposed to a reference gas, for example atmospheric oxygen. The electrodes are connected to an evaluation circuit via conductor tracks which are guided on the inside and outside of the closed tube. If a gas to be measured, for example the exhaust gas of a motor vehicle, is applied to the measuring electrode, a different oxygen partial pressure is established at the measuring electrode and the reference electrode, so that a voltage signal can be tapped between the electrodes.
- a gas to be measured for example the exhaust gas of a motor vehicle
- This voltage signal serves to determine the oxygen content in the exhaust gas, so that conclusions can be drawn about the operation of the internal combustion engine.
- the so-called lambda value can be determined, which forms a measure of the composition of the air / fuel mixture with which the internal combustion engine is operated. Depending on whether the air or the fuel is present in a stoichiometric excess, the lambda value is greater or less than or equal to 1.
- the known electrochemical sensors have in common that they are directly exposed to the exhaust gas path, so that the reference electrode requires an adequate seal with respect to the exhaust gas path.
- the sealing arrangements have a complicated and complex structure. In particular in certain operating situations of the motor vehicle, for example when starting, unburned fuel enters the exhaust gas path, which, as it were, flows around the sensor and thus, even in the case of gas-tight seals, an entry of the fuel into the reference range cannot be ruled out.
- the sensor according to the invention with the features mentioned in claim 1 offers the advantage that a sealing of the reference electrode is possible in a simple manner. Because the reference electrode is assigned a pump reference volume which is coated with a layer having a high gas diffusion resistance, it is possible in a simple manner to limit the sealing of the reference electrode to the layer covering the pump reference volume.
- the pump reference volume forms an internal reference oxygen source for the reference electrode. By applying a pump voltage to the reference electrode and a measuring electrode exposed to the measuring gas, the pump reference volume can be continuously supplied with fresh oxygen ions from the measuring gas. A connection between the pump reference volume and the atmosphere and the seals required against the penetration of foreign substances, for example fuels, can thus be saved.
- the reference pump voltage is constantly applied to the sensor element and is determined by the voltage signal that arises due to an oxygen concentration. difference in the measurement gas, that is, on the measurement electrode, and in the pump reference volume, that is, on the reference electrode.
- the pump reference voltage signal can be compared in a simple manner with the measurement voltage signal, so that a signal corresponding to the difference in oxygen concentration is available.
- the pump reference volume is arranged on a base of the sensor element and is covered with the layer, which preferably has a non-100% gas impermeability.
- the layer covering the pump reference volume can simultaneously take over a valve function which triggers in the event that an excessively high oxygen concentration arises in the pump reference volume due to the pump reference voltage signal which is constantly present.
- An overpressure that builds up here is reduced when a certain limit value is reached via the layer covering the pump reference volume.
- the pump reference volume and / or the layer covering the pump reference volume consist of the same material as the sensor element.
- a function of the pump reference volume and the layer covering it is preferably set by the selection of a different porosity.
- the object is further achieved by the features mentioned in claim 8.
- a pump reference volume and a layer covering the pump reference volume is applied to the reference side of the tubular sensor element, which preferably takes place by means of a defined dropping of a material resulting in the pump reference volume and the layer, makes it possible in a simple manner for the tubular sensor element to be provided with a sealed pump reference volume. Due to the pot-shaped shape of the tubular sensor element, the material that gives the pump reference volume can be easily dripped into the sensor element during a continuous process, so that a defined pump reference volume can be generated in the sensor element by a metered input of a certain amount of the material.
- the pump reference volume generated can preferably be covered with a further drop of material which has a high gas diffusion resistance compared to the pump reference volume.
- the materials resulting from the pump reference volume and the layer covering the pump reference volume can be co-sintered together with the sensor element, so that a complete sensor element can be produced in one operation.
- the methods for introducing the pump reference volume and the layer covering it are thus the same Known method steps for producing the sensor elements can be combined and suitable for mass production.
- Figure 1 is a sectional view through an electrochemical sensor
- Figure 2 is a perspective sectional view through an inventive sensor element.
- the sensor 10 has a metallic housing 12, which has on its outside a key hexagon 14 and a thread 16 for fastening in a measuring gas tube, not shown.
- the housing 12 is sleeve-shaped and has a through opening 18.
- the through opening 18 is designed as a stepped bore and forms a sealing seat 20.
- In the through Opening 18 of housing 12 is guided by a sensor element 22.
- the sensor element 22 has a bead-shaped head 24, which forms an annular shoulder 26.
- a seal 28 is arranged between the sensor element 22 and the housing 12.
- the sensor 10 shown in FIG. 1 has a potential-free sensor element 22, whereby the basic structure also applies to a sensor element 22 which has a potential.
- the differences between the potential-free and potential-sensitive sensor elements 22 are not to be explained in detail in the context of the present description, since they are generally familiar to the person skilled in the art.
- the sensor element 22 is an oxygen probe which is known per se and which is preferably used for measuring the oxygen partial pressure in exhaust gases, preferably in motor vehicles.
- the sensor element 22 has a tubular solid electrolyte body 30, the measuring gas-side end section of which is closed by means of a base 32.
- a layered, gas-permeable measuring electrode 34 is arranged on the outside of the solid electrolyte body 30 exposed to the measuring gas.
- a gas-permeable and also layer-shaped reference electrode 36 is arranged on the inside of the solid electrolyte body facing away from the outside.
- the measuring electrode 34 is connected to a first electrode contact 40 via a conductor track 38. About the measuring electrode 34 and partially over the Conductor 38 has a porous protective layer 42 placed on it.
- the reference electrode 36 is connected to a second electrode contact 46 via a second conductor track 44.
- the electrode contacts 40 and 46 are each located on an end face 48 formed by the open end of the solid electrolyte body 30.
- the conductor tracks 38 and 44 are advantageously constructed as cermet layers and co-sintered.
- the sensor element 22 protruding from the through-opening 18 of the housing 12 on the measuring gas side is surrounded at a distance by a protective tube 50 which has openings 52 for the entry and exit of a measuring gas.
- the protective tube 50 is held at the measuring gas side end of the housing 12, for example fitted into a groove 54.
- a pump reference volume 58 is arranged in an interior space 56 of the solid electrolyte body 30 above the reference electrode 36.
- the pump reference volume 58 consists of a ceramic material which has a porosity for receiving a reference gas.
- the pump reference volume 58 can be made of the same material as the solid electrolyte body 30, for example.
- Both the solid electrolyte body 30 and the pump reference volume 58 can consist of stabilized zirconium oxide, for example. Porosity can be achieved by admixing the stabilizing agents, for example yttrium oxide. By adding different amounts of stabilizers and / or other components that dissolve during a sintering process, the porosity of both the solid electrolyte body 30 and the pump reference volume 58 are set.
- the pump reference volume 58 is approximately hemispherical and fills the interior 56 of the solid electrolyte body 30 in the region of its bottom 32.
- a layer 60 is arranged above the pump reference volume 58.
- the layer 60 covers the pump reference volume 58 over its entire surface facing the interior.
- the layer 60 forms a collar 62 on its outer circumference, which protrudes in the direction of the end of the solid electrolyte body 30 remote from the measuring gas.
- the layer 60 is arranged over the conductor track 44, which connects the reference electrode 36 to the electrode contact 46.
- the layer 60 is preferably only provided in the region of the conductor track 44, that is to say, not over the entire inner circumference of the solid electrolyte body 30.
- the layer 60 preferably also consists of a ceramic material which has a high gas diffusion resistance. Zirconium oxide, for example, can also be used as the material for the layer 60, and the gas diffusion resistance can be adjusted by means of appropriate stabilizers.
- a first contact part 64 rests on the first electrode contact 40 and a second contact part 66 rests on the second electrode contact 46.
- the contact parts 64 and 66 are contacted with a measuring electrode connection 68 and a reference electrode connection 70.
- the connections 68 and 70 are contacted with connection cables (not shown) and led to the outside to a measuring or control device.
- an insulating sleeve 72 is also introduced, which preferably consists of a ceramic material. With the aid of a mechanical means, not shown, the insulating sleeve 72 is pressed onto the contact parts 64 and 66, as a result of which an electrical connection to the electrode contacts 40 and 46 is realized.
- a heating device (not shown here) can also be introduced.
- FIG. 2 shows a cutaway view of the solid electrolyte body 30 in a schematic perspective view.
- the same parts as in Figure 1 are provided with the same reference numerals and not explained again.
- the perspective view clearly shows how the pump reference volume 58 is arranged in the cavity 56 on the base 32 of the solid electrolyte body 30.
- the pump reference volume 58 completely covers the reference electrode 36 (not shown in FIG. 2).
- Layer 60 is provided above pump reference volume 58, which on the one hand runs out into collar 62 and on the other hand covers conductor track 44.
- the sensor 10 shown in Figures 1 and 2 performs the following function:
- a definite connection is located between the measuring electrode 34 and the reference electrode 36 via the connections 68 and 70 or the conductor tracks 38 and 44.
- fixed pump voltage signal The pump voltage signal is provided by the measuring or control device, not shown. Owing to the pump voltage present, oxygen ions are pumped into the pump reference volume 58 from the measuring gas, which can penetrate into the housing 50 through the openings 52. The process of pumping oxygen ions out of a measuring gas into a pump reference is generally known. When there is a change in an oxygen concentration in the measuring gas, the oxygen partial pressure at the measuring electrode 34 changes compared to the oxygen partial pressure at the reference electrode 36. This allows a specific voltage signal to be tapped which is proportional to the difference in oxygen concentration between the measuring electrode 34 and the reference electrode 36 is.
- This voltage signal is compared with the pump voltage signal in an evaluation circuit of the measuring or control devices, not shown, so that a measuring signal is obtained which provides a measure of an oxygen concentration in the measuring gas.
- This can be used in a generally known manner for controlling an injection of an internal combustion engine of a motor vehicle.
- the layer 60 arranged above the pump reference volume 58 ensures that no foreign substances, in particular no benzene vapors or liquid fuel, can penetrate into the pump reference volume 58.
- the formation of the collar 62 and the presence of the layer 60 over the conductor track 44 prevent fuel from entering Prevents fuel vapors in the pump reference volume 58.
- the formation of the layer 60 means that there is no longer any special requirement for the interior 56 to be sealed off from fuels or fuel vapors.
- the arrangement of additional, complex sealing elements, which must also ensure that the connections 68 and 70 are sealed, is therefore no longer absolutely necessary.
- a valve function for the pump reference volume 58 is possible. If, due to the permanently applied pump voltage between the measuring electrode 34 and the reference electrode 36, the pressure rises due to the pumping in of oxygen ions within the pump reference volume 58, this pressure can be reduced by the layer 60 when a definable limit value is reached.
- the limit values can be set by a porosity of the layer 60, which at the same time determines the gas diffusion resistance of the layer 60.
- the sensor element 22 can be produced in such a way that after the reference electrode 36 has been applied to the cavity 56 of the solid electrolyte body 30 and the latter is connected to the electrode contact 46. binding conductor 44, the material giving the pump reference volume 58 is filled through the sample gas-remote opening shown in FIG.
- the filling can be done, for example, by dropping in a ceramic material. So much ceramic material is poured in until there is a fill level within the solid electrolyte body 30, which ensures that the reference electrode 36 is covered.
- a further possibility is to completely fill the cavity 56 of the solid electrolyte body 30 with the ceramic material and then to apply it, for example, to suck it out, until the degree of filling required for the pump reference volume 58 is reached.
- the ceramic mass resulting from the layer 60 is then applied to the ceramic mass resulting from the pump reference volume 58.
- the layer 60 can also be applied, for example, by defined dropping of a certain amount of ceramic material.
- the layer 60 can also be introduced, for example, by introducing an already prefabricated film which has the contours of the layer 60, including its collar 62 and the components which overlap the conductor track 44. Stabilizers are added to both the pump reference volume 58 and the ceramic material resulting in the layer 60, which allow a defined porosity to be set. This is done so that the pump reference volume 58 is suitable for storing the oxygen, while the layer 60 is impermeable Forms a barrier to fuels or fuel vapors.
- the escape of oxygen from the pump reference volume 58 into the interior 56 of the sensor element 22 when a certain limit pressure value is reached is permitted by the layer 60 in that it has a precisely defined, high gas diffusion resistance.
- the sensor element 22 can be sintered.
- the sintering can take place here, for example, as so-called co-sintering, in that the solid electrolyte body 30, the pump reference volume 58 and the layer 60 are sintered in one operation.
- sequential sintering is also possible, for example by first sintering the solid electrolyte body 30 with the measuring electrode 34, the reference electrode 36 and the conductor tracks 38 and 34, and only then sintering on the pump reference volume 58 and the layer 60.
- the sintering of ceramic material is generally known and will not be described further here in the context of the description.
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Electrochemistry (AREA)
- Molecular Biology (AREA)
- Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
- Biochemistry (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Immunology (AREA)
- Pathology (AREA)
- Measuring Oxygen Concentration In Cells (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
JP51493696A JP3805363B2 (ja) | 1994-11-08 | 1995-10-10 | 電気化学センサおよびその製造方法 |
US08/628,704 US5723030A (en) | 1994-11-08 | 1995-10-10 | Electrochemical measuring sensor and method for making the same |
EP95934046A EP0760947A1 (de) | 1994-11-08 | 1995-10-10 | Elektrochemischer messfühler und verfahren zu seiner herstellung |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DEP4439898.0 | 1994-11-08 | ||
DE4439898A DE4439898B4 (de) | 1994-11-08 | 1994-11-08 | Elektrochemischer Meßfühler und Verfahren zu seiner Herstellung |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
WO1996014574A1 true WO1996014574A1 (de) | 1996-05-17 |
Family
ID=6532803
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/DE1995/001387 WO1996014574A1 (de) | 1994-11-08 | 1995-10-10 | Elektrochemischer messfühler und verfahren zu seiner herstellung |
Country Status (5)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US5723030A (de) |
EP (1) | EP0760947A1 (de) |
JP (1) | JP3805363B2 (de) |
DE (1) | DE4439898B4 (de) |
WO (1) | WO1996014574A1 (de) |
Families Citing this family (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JP3873390B2 (ja) * | 1996-09-04 | 2007-01-24 | 株式会社デンソー | 酸素センサー |
KR20020060714A (ko) * | 1999-10-15 | 2002-07-18 | 덴턴 마이클 | 가스센서구조및 이를 사용하는 방법 |
JP2006112918A (ja) * | 2004-10-14 | 2006-04-27 | Hitachi Ltd | 酸素センサ |
DE102020200788A1 (de) * | 2019-01-28 | 2020-07-30 | Cummins Emission Solutions Inc. | Wiederaufbereitbare Sensorbaugruppen und Wiederaufbereitungsverfahren |
JP7544262B2 (ja) * | 2021-04-19 | 2024-09-03 | 株式会社デンソー | ガスセンサ |
JP7509316B2 (ja) * | 2021-04-19 | 2024-07-02 | 株式会社デンソー | ガスセンサ |
Citations (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE2304464A1 (de) * | 1973-01-31 | 1974-08-08 | Bosch Gmbh Robert | Messfuehler fuer die ueberwachung der funktionsfaehigkeit von katalysatoren in abgasentgiftungsanlagen von brennkraftmaschinen |
DE2742306A1 (de) * | 1976-09-22 | 1978-03-23 | Nissan Motor | Sauerstoff-sensor |
DE2727947A1 (de) * | 1976-10-26 | 1978-04-27 | Toyota Motor Co Ltd | Sauerstoffmessfuehler und verfahren zu dessen herstellung |
DE2740622A1 (de) * | 1976-12-25 | 1978-06-29 | Toyota Motor Co Ltd | Sauerstoffkonzentrationsmessfuehler |
EP0068651A2 (de) * | 1981-06-29 | 1983-01-05 | General Motors Corporation | Verfahren zum Zerstäuben einer Abgaselektrode auf einen Sauerstoffmessfühler für Abgase |
US4379741A (en) * | 1980-07-11 | 1983-04-12 | Nippondenso Co., Ltd. | Oxygen concentration sensor |
Family Cites Families (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US4174258A (en) * | 1978-05-03 | 1979-11-13 | Bendix Autolite Corporation | Solid electrolyte oxygen sensor with zero oxygen reference |
JPS584986B2 (ja) * | 1978-06-16 | 1983-01-28 | 日産自動車株式会社 | 酸素濃度測定装置 |
JPS56122950A (en) * | 1980-03-03 | 1981-09-26 | Nissan Motor Co Ltd | Supplying circuit for controlling current for oxygen partial pressure on reference pole for oxygen sensor element |
-
1994
- 1994-11-08 DE DE4439898A patent/DE4439898B4/de not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
1995
- 1995-10-10 US US08/628,704 patent/US5723030A/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1995-10-10 JP JP51493696A patent/JP3805363B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1995-10-10 WO PCT/DE1995/001387 patent/WO1996014574A1/de not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1995-10-10 EP EP95934046A patent/EP0760947A1/de not_active Withdrawn
Patent Citations (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE2304464A1 (de) * | 1973-01-31 | 1974-08-08 | Bosch Gmbh Robert | Messfuehler fuer die ueberwachung der funktionsfaehigkeit von katalysatoren in abgasentgiftungsanlagen von brennkraftmaschinen |
DE2742306A1 (de) * | 1976-09-22 | 1978-03-23 | Nissan Motor | Sauerstoff-sensor |
DE2727947A1 (de) * | 1976-10-26 | 1978-04-27 | Toyota Motor Co Ltd | Sauerstoffmessfuehler und verfahren zu dessen herstellung |
DE2740622A1 (de) * | 1976-12-25 | 1978-06-29 | Toyota Motor Co Ltd | Sauerstoffkonzentrationsmessfuehler |
US4379741A (en) * | 1980-07-11 | 1983-04-12 | Nippondenso Co., Ltd. | Oxygen concentration sensor |
EP0068651A2 (de) * | 1981-06-29 | 1983-01-05 | General Motors Corporation | Verfahren zum Zerstäuben einer Abgaselektrode auf einen Sauerstoffmessfühler für Abgase |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
DE4439898B4 (de) | 2007-09-06 |
JP3805363B2 (ja) | 2006-08-02 |
EP0760947A1 (de) | 1997-03-12 |
US5723030A (en) | 1998-03-03 |
DE4439898A1 (de) | 1996-05-09 |
JPH09507915A (ja) | 1997-08-12 |
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