WO1993013568A1 - Dispositif pour accroitre la quantite de courant delivre par une batterie rechargeable lorsque la temperature exterieure est basse - Google Patents

Dispositif pour accroitre la quantite de courant delivre par une batterie rechargeable lorsque la temperature exterieure est basse Download PDF

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Publication number
WO1993013568A1
WO1993013568A1 PCT/EP1992/002930 EP9202930W WO9313568A1 WO 1993013568 A1 WO1993013568 A1 WO 1993013568A1 EP 9202930 W EP9202930 W EP 9202930W WO 9313568 A1 WO9313568 A1 WO 9313568A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
battery
voltage
wall
wall segments
arrangement
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/EP1992/002930
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Dieter Braun
Original Assignee
Dieter Braun
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Dieter Braun filed Critical Dieter Braun
Priority to DE59206758T priority Critical patent/DE59206758D1/de
Priority to BR9206975A priority patent/BR9206975A/pt
Priority to JP5511409A priority patent/JPH07502373A/ja
Priority to KR1019940702167A priority patent/KR940704068A/ko
Priority to US08/244,895 priority patent/US5508126A/en
Priority to PL92304174A priority patent/PL170781B1/pl
Priority to EP19930901037 priority patent/EP0617846B1/fr
Priority to AU32567/93A priority patent/AU671432B2/en
Publication of WO1993013568A1 publication Critical patent/WO1993013568A1/fr
Priority to DE59308963T priority patent/DE59308963D1/de
Priority to DE19934343303 priority patent/DE4343303C2/de
Priority to CN93112659A priority patent/CN1097081A/zh
Priority to AT94903827T priority patent/ATE170587T1/de
Priority to JP51381594A priority patent/JP3355487B2/ja
Priority to KR1019950702489A priority patent/KR100297248B1/ko
Priority to CA 2152044 priority patent/CA2152044A1/fr
Priority to EP94903827A priority patent/EP0675992B1/fr
Priority to AU58132/94A priority patent/AU5813294A/en
Priority to PCT/EP1993/003602 priority patent/WO1994013909A2/fr
Priority to US08/593,055 priority patent/US5599636A/en

Links

Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
    • H01M10/63—Control systems
    • H01M10/637—Control systems characterised by the use of reversible temperature-sensitive devices, e.g. NTC, PTC or bimetal devices; characterised by control of the internal current flowing through the cells, e.g. by switching
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04H—BUILDINGS OR LIKE STRUCTURES FOR PARTICULAR PURPOSES; SWIMMING OR SPLASH BATHS OR POOLS; MASTS; FENCING; TENTS OR CANOPIES, IN GENERAL
    • E04H15/00—Tents or canopies, in general
    • E04H15/20—Tents or canopies, in general inflatable, e.g. shaped, strengthened or supported by fluid pressure
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04C—STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS; BUILDING MATERIALS
    • E04C2/00—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels
    • E04C2/30—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by the shape or structure
    • E04C2/34—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by the shape or structure composed of two or more spaced sheet-like parts
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
    • H01M10/61—Types of temperature control
    • H01M10/615—Heating or keeping warm
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
    • H01M10/65—Means for temperature control structurally associated with the cells
    • H01M10/654—Means for temperature control structurally associated with the cells located inside the innermost case of the cells, e.g. mandrels, electrodes or electrolytes
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
    • H01M10/65—Means for temperature control structurally associated with the cells
    • H01M10/657—Means for temperature control structurally associated with the cells by electric or electromagnetic means
    • H01M10/6571—Resistive heaters
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04H—BUILDINGS OR LIKE STRUCTURES FOR PARTICULAR PURPOSES; SWIMMING OR SPLASH BATHS OR POOLS; MASTS; FENCING; TENTS OR CANOPIES, IN GENERAL
    • E04H15/00—Tents or canopies, in general
    • E04H15/20—Tents or canopies, in general inflatable, e.g. shaped, strengthened or supported by fluid pressure
    • E04H2015/202—Tents or canopies, in general inflatable, e.g. shaped, strengthened or supported by fluid pressure with inflatable panels, without inflatable tubular framework
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04H—BUILDINGS OR LIKE STRUCTURES FOR PARTICULAR PURPOSES; SWIMMING OR SPLASH BATHS OR POOLS; MASTS; FENCING; TENTS OR CANOPIES, IN GENERAL
    • E04H15/00—Tents or canopies, in general
    • E04H15/20—Tents or canopies, in general inflatable, e.g. shaped, strengthened or supported by fluid pressure
    • E04H2015/202—Tents or canopies, in general inflatable, e.g. shaped, strengthened or supported by fluid pressure with inflatable panels, without inflatable tubular framework
    • E04H2015/205—Tents or canopies, in general inflatable, e.g. shaped, strengthened or supported by fluid pressure with inflatable panels, without inflatable tubular framework made from two sheets with intermediate spacer means
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries

Definitions

  • the invention relates to an arrangement for improving the current output of a rechargeable battery at low outside temperatures for a consumer, wherein a temperature sensor, which is arranged liquid-tight and acid-proof inside the battery, releases a current flow through at least one heating element if the battery temperature is below a predetermined one Temperature setpoint is and the battery voltage is greater than a lower threshold and less than an upper threshold.
  • DE 3340 882 Cl discloses a device for temperature-controlled battery heating by means of a PTC thermistor which is in good thermal contact with the cell and is electrically connected in parallel with it. If the temperature of the cell increases or decreases, the PTC thermistor counteracts by reducing or increasing its heating output. The heating power of the calf conductor is matched by its appropriate dimensioning, taking into account the thermal contact area.
  • a trigger circuit which responds to the rise in battery voltage after the current has been switched off in a consumer with a high current consumption and actuates a timer circuit which operates at below the lower threshold value or the same battery voltage controls the power transistor for a set period of time.
  • the temperature sensor controls the connection of the battery to an arrangement which emits a charging voltage for the battery and which is charged by the battery in a charging-free period of time.
  • the properties of the battery for delivering a high current at low outside temperatures are improved by a charging current.
  • the charging voltage is previously obtained from the battery voltage by means of a corresponding circuit with which the battery voltage is increased.
  • the charging current causes a certain warming due to the internal resistance of the battery, however, the operating properties at the low outside temperatures are not primarily improved by the heating, but by the effect of the charging current on the internal resistance.
  • the "recharging" of the battery described above is particularly recommended for traction batteries, that is to say batteries which serve to drive motors which drive vehicles or work machines directly.
  • the duration is preferably about 15 minutes. This time is sufficient to heat the battery to a temperature value that is favorable for starting, even at outside temperatures of approx. -20 ° C. It is expedient for the timer to actuate a display element during the period. The display element shows whether the battery is heating up. The end of the heating-up period can be waited for before the engine starter is switched on again. In this way, an unnecessary load on the battery can be avoided.
  • the power transistor with its control electrode is connected to the temperature control circuit via two resistors connected in series and via two further resistors connected in series to a differential amplifier connected downstream of the time switch, that devices for monitoring the lower and upper threshold value are connected via diodes to the common connection point of the two resistors fed by the temperature control circuit and that the temperature control circuit is connected via a diode to the common connection point of the resistors fed by the differential amplifier.
  • the temperature control circuit is blocked by the devices for monitoring the threshold values in their influence on the power transistor if the threshold values are exceeded or undershot.
  • the timer switches the power transistor on even if the battery voltage has fallen below the lower threshold.
  • a Trigger circuit is provided which responds to the drop in the battery voltage when the current is switched on for a consumer with high current consumption and resets the time circuit.
  • a measuring resistor is arranged in series with the power transistor and is part of a threshold discriminator, the output of which is connected via diodes to the common connection points of the series-connected resistors. Overcurrent protection is achieved by this arrangement.
  • first lines which run to the heating element or the temperature sensor, have lead connections at the upper edges of the wall, that the components of the temperature control circuit, the devices for monitoring the threshold values, in the lid of the battery Trigger circuits and the timing circuit are liquid-tight and acid-proof and that the second lines running to the temperature sensor and the heating element are provided at least at the ends with lead connections which are welded to the connections of the first lines.
  • This device ensures a liquid-tight and acid-proof closure of the battery and a liquid-tight and acid-proof containment of the lines.
  • the battery is expediently connected to an oscillating circuit which transforms the battery voltage to a higher voltage and which is followed by at least one energy store which can be charged to the higher voltage and to which the battery is connected as a function of the temperature measured by the temperature sensor and the battery voltage can be connected.
  • the oscillating circuit generates a charging voltage that is matched to a favorable charging current strength for the respective battery type and the battery size.
  • the respective battery can be connected by means of switching elements to at least two energy stores which can be charged in parallel to the battery voltage. which can be connected in series to the battery using the switching elements as a function of the temperature measured by the temperature sensor and the battery voltage.
  • batteries can also be connected to one another by means of corresponding switching elements. that the battery alternately receives charging currents from other batteries.
  • Capacitors of large capacity or batteries are particularly suitable as storage media for the charging voltages.
  • An improvement in the operating properties of a battery at low temperatures, in particular with regard to the delivery of high currents, can also be achieved by thermal insulation of the battery from the environment.
  • the batteries do not cool down as quickly, i.e. H. the favorable properties for delivering high currents are retained a long time after the charging phase.
  • the heat release to the environment is significantly less than that of the conventional batteries, i.e. a higher temperature is reached more quickly. This allows a higher temperature to be achieved in the battery with a smaller amount of energy.
  • a container for a plurality of batteries has walls, at least one of which contains spaced apart first wall segments, which are hollow and are under overpressure and extend over the full wall thickness, a portion of the interstices beginning on an outside of the wall between the wall segments is filled with further hollow second wall segments which are under pressure and which are connected to the first wall segments, and wherein another part of the gaps between the first wall segments is closed off by a wall bridging the first wall segments at their inner ends and under negative pressure stands.
  • the wall can be dome-shaped or barrel-shaped and can surround the group of batteries as a roof.
  • the cross-sections of the wall segments are adapted to the wall or roof shape in a modular manner and are, for example, rectangular or trapezoidal.
  • the wall segments which are under positive pressure are firmly connected to one another, so that a self-supporting structure is formed which is suitable for larger battery units such as can be used, for example, in solar generators.
  • the film is sucked a little into the recesses between the wall segments under negative pressure and lies firmly there.
  • a good thermal insulation property is already achieved at a low pressure in the cutouts.
  • translucent materials can be used for the walls, film and the battery housing. As a result, light penetrating into the cells of the batteries from the outside causes a certain heating.
  • the interiors of the wall segments are e.g. duch connected to each other so that the overpressure can be generated by blowing air in all wall segments at the same time.
  • the wall segments can contain flexible walls.
  • a container for a plurality of batteries has walls, at least one of which contains two identically shaped halves, each arranged internally and externally, the hollow parts being arranged at a distance from one another. contains pressurized first wall segments, the gaps between the first wall segments beginning from a wall outside being partially filled with hollow, pressurized second wall segments which are connected to the first wall segments, and on the sides of the first wall segments facing away from the wall outside Films are pressed under the negative pressure prevailing in the wall segment-free interspaces and the first wall segments of the two halves are offset from one another by half the spacing of the wall segments and pressed against the film of the other half.
  • This device which is also suitable for larger battery units, results in very good thermal insulation with high wall strength.
  • the wall segments of one half each can also be connected to one another by openings in order to be able to generate overpressure in all wall segments at the same time.
  • the thermal insulation can be better, the greater the negative pressure in the spaces between the first wall segments.
  • a housing with a certain stability is produced.
  • heavy and heat-conducting support elements for the supporting structure can largely be dispensed with in the roof construction.
  • the device is suitable for large energy stores, such as those used in solar and wind power plants.
  • Another useful device is that at least one battery is arranged in a housing, which has a wall with two plates, which contain beads on the inner sides, which are arranged offset on both plates and stretched over the inelastic cables with low thermal conductivity are, the beads being pressed against the rope under a vacuum or vacuum prevailing in the cavity between the plates.
  • the cords or ropes or even a film ensure that the vacuum is maintained in the cavity between the plates, the plate distance.
  • the beads or knobs lie on the cords, ropes or foils, which have a low thermal conductivity. Due to the low thermal conductivity of the ropes, cords or foils and due to the negative pressure in the cavity, particularly good thermal insulation of the respective battery is achieved.
  • the device described above can also be used in batteries without a heating device or recharging device and has an independent inventive character.
  • a U-shaped tube is arranged in each cell of the battery, the arc of which is at or near the bottom of the cell and has passage openings, while the openings of the legs of the tube are close to the upper end of the cell , wherein means for generating a flow in or on the tube are provided.
  • the means for generating the flow can be used in vehicle batteries metal balls, for. B. be made of lead, which are coated with Teflon. Instead of balls, a carriage movably mounted in the tube, e.g. B. made of lead. When the tube accelerates, the balls or the slides move in the tube, so that a flow occurs in the tube, which causes the liquid in the cell to mix. There can therefore be no liquid zones form different acid concentrations in the cell. The functioning of the battery is improved by an electrolyte with a uniform acid concentration.
  • the device described above is also suitable for batteries without a heating device and / or thermally insulated walls, in order to ensure a uniform property of the electrolyte in the entire battery. Therefore, this device also has an independent inventive content.
  • 1 is a circuit diagram of a battery heater
  • 6b shows another embodiment of a wall for batteries in longitudinal section
  • FIG. 7 shows another embodiment of a wall for batteries in longitudinal section
  • Fig. 9 shows another embodiment of a wall for batteries in section
  • a battery heating device contains a bipolar power transistor (10) as the heating element, which is also referred to below as transistor (10).
  • the transistor e.g. B. pnp type, is connected with its emitter via a line (12) to the positive pole (14) of a rechargeable battery (16).
  • the transistor (10) is on a heat sink (18) z. B. attached to a sheet.
  • the collector of the transistor (10) is connected via a line (19) in series with a measuring resistor (20) to the negative pole (22) of the battery (16).
  • the base of the transistor is connected via two resistors (24), (26) connected in series to the output of a first differential amplifier (28), which receives its operating voltage from the battery (16).
  • a voltage for the inverting input of the differential amplifier (52) is tapped from the common connection point of the resistors (60) and (62), the output of which is fed back to the non-inverting input via a resistor (64).
  • Five resistors (66), (68), (70), (72) and (74) are connected in series with the Zener diode (48).
  • the inverting input of the differential amplifier (80) is connected via a resistor (82) to the common connection point of the resistors (72), (74).
  • a voltage divider consisting of two resistors (86), (88) is connected to the poles (14), (22).
  • a capacitor (90) is placed parallel to the resistor (86).
  • the tap of the voltage divider from the resistors (86), (88) is connected on the one hand to the non-inverting input of a differential amplifier (92) and on the other hand to the inverting input of a differential amplifier (94).
  • the inverting input of the differential amplifier (92) is connected to the common connection point of the resistors (60), (62).
  • the non-inverting input of the differential amplifier (94) is connected to the common connection point of the resistors (58), (60).
  • the non-inverting input of the differential amplifier (28) is connected to the non-inverting input of the differential amplifier (92).
  • the transistor (10) on the heat sink (18) and the temperature sensor are arranged in a film (132) in a liquid-tight and acid-proof manner in the battery (16) below plates (134).
  • the lines (12), (19) and the lines (not designated in more detail) to the base of the transistor (10) and to the temperature sensor run in grooves or bores in at least one wall (136) of the battery (16) and are liquid-tight in the wall by welding locked in.
  • the remaining components of the circuit shown in FIG. 1 are arranged on a circuit board (140) in the lid (138) of the battery (16) and are enclosed in a liquid-tight manner.
  • unspecified first lines run from the poles (14), (22) to the printed circuit board (14) as well as second lines starting from the conductor plate (140).
  • Lead (142) connections (142) are provided on the underside of the cover (138) at the support point on the wall (136).
  • the connections (142) are each opposite connections (144) of the ends of the second lines.
  • the differential amplifier (80) is applied to its inputs with a voltage difference and gives a low potential at its output, eg. B. the potential of the pole (22).
  • the transistor (10) receives base current via the two resistors (30), (32) and becomes conductive. A current flows in the transistor (10), which generates heat that is given off to the battery (16).
  • the differential amplifier (80) gives a high potential, e.g. B. the potential of the pole (14), which blocks the transistor (10) via the diode (36) and the resistor (24) or the resistors (30), (32).
  • the diode (40) works in the reverse direction.
  • the transistor (10) can then be supplied with base current by the temperature control circuit (34) when the battery temperature falls below the setpoint.
  • the differential amplifier (50) outputs a low potential at its output if the battery voltage is less than the upper threshold value.
  • the diode (44) is operated in the reverse direction, so that the temperature control circuit (34) can supply the transistor (10) with base current when the battery temperature is correspondingly low.
  • the differential amplifiers (52) and (50) act on the diodes (40), (44) at battery voltages which are below or above the respective threshold values, each with high potentials in the forward direction which are applied to the base of the transistor (10) via the resistor (30). arrive and block it independently of the output signal of the differential amplifier (80). If the voltage drop across the measuring resistor (20) is smaller than the voltage tapped at the resistor (66), the differential amplifier (122) gives a low potential, for. B.
  • the discriminator consisting of the resistor (20), the resistors (66) and (126) and the differential amplifier (122) changes into another stable state, in which the output has a high potential, e.g. B. leads the potential of the pole (14) and controls the transistor (10) non-conductive.
  • the battery voltage remains the same due to the divider ratio of the voltage dividers connected to the inputs, namely the potential corresponding to the pole (22). If a battery voltage that has reached or fallen below the lower threshold value, a strong consumer, e.g. B. the starter of the engine, turned on, the battery voltage drops and rises again when the current in the consumer z. B. is interrupted by its shutdown. With the flank of the rising voltage, the switching state of the differential amplifier (92) connected as a comparator is reversed due to the voltage jump across the capacitor (90).
  • the differential amplifier (92) briefly has a high output potential, that is, depending on the time constant of the circuits containing the capacitor (90) and the resistor (86), which corresponds to the potential of the pole (14). This triggers the timer (100) in which the differential amplifier (98) is caused to change its switching state via the high potential supplied by the diode (96).
  • the switching state of the differential amplifier (28) connected as a comparator is changed via the high output potential of the differential amplifier (98), so that a low potential is applied to the resistor (26).
  • a base current can flow in the transistor (10), through which the transistor (10) is controlled in a conductive manner.
  • the differential amplifier (92) changes to an original switching state after the voltage jump across the capacitor (90) has subsided. In this switching state, the capacitor (116) can discharge. After its discharge, the differential amplifier (98) in turn changes its switching state, with which the transistor (10) is controlled in a non-conductive manner via the differential amplifier (28).
  • the charging time constant is matched to the heating time and in particular ensures a heating time of about 15 minutes.
  • the diode (112) prevents the heating from being switched on for a predetermined period of time when the battery voltage is above the lower threshold, since the temperature control circuit then switches on the transistor (10) according to the requirements of the temperature setpoint, which is caused by the resistances of the Bridge circuit is set.
  • a signaling element e.g. B. a light-emitting diode
  • B a light-emitting diode
  • the differential amplifier (94) responds to the falling edge of the battery voltage and changes its switching state, in which the output has a low potential, for. B. that of the pole (22). As a result, the diode (104) is controlled to conduct.
  • the non-inverting input of the differential amplifier (98) is connected to a low potential, so that the differential amplifier (98) changes its switching state. This means that the transistor (10) is controlled in a non-conductive manner.
  • the differential amplifier (94) and the resistors of the voltage dividers connected to its inputs form a trigger circuit which switches off the heating when a heavy current consumer, e.g. B. the starter is turned on.
  • the heating device according to the invention can also be used in particular for traction batteries.
  • the heater can work until an optimal working state of the battery has been reached.
  • 2 heating elements are preferably provided, which are arranged in the 2nd and 5th cells. This results in an optimal temperature distribution within the battery.
  • the position of the lines is fixed in the area between the dividing walls of the individual cells and the lid connected to them, in particular by mirror welding (softening of the later lying areas of the lid and dividing walls).
  • incisions such as notches can be provided in the upper edges of the partition walls in order to preposition the lines.
  • more than one transistor can be provided per heating element in order to be able to heat up according to the heat requirement.
  • FIG. 3 an arrangement for heating a liquid-tight and acid-proof heating element arranged in a battery is shown in the block diagram.
  • this arrangement contains a thermistor (76) which is arranged in a bridge circuit.
  • the bridge circuit is connected to a temperature control circuit (34), the output of which is connected to a gate circuit (146).
  • a threshold monitoring circuit (148) is connected to one pole (14) of the battery (16) and emits a signal when the battery voltage is greater than a lower threshold and less than an upper threshold.
  • the output of the threshold value monitoring circuit (148) is connected to a second input of the gate circuit (146), which can be an AND gate.
  • the output of the gate circuit (146) is connected to an oscillator (150) which, in particular, generates a rectangular pulse train whose frequency, pulse pause and pulse duration ratio can be set. Trimmer potentiometers (152), (154), for example, are provided for the setting.
  • the output of the oscillator (150) is connected to a switch (156), which can be a contactless switch or a relay. As a contactless switch z. B. uses a transistor whose control electrode is connected to the output of the oscillator (150).
  • the switch (156) is arranged in series with a heating element, a heating foil (158), between the poles (14), (22) of the battery (16).
  • the heating film (158) is acid-proof and liquid-tight in the battery (16).
  • FIG. 4 An arrangement which, in addition to generating a certain heating power in the battery, also has additional effects which improve the cold start properties is shown in FIG. 4.
  • the arrangement according to FIG. 4 like the arrangements shown in FIGS. 1 and 3, contains a temperature sensor designed as a thermistor, which is arranged in a bridge circuit which corresponds to that shown in FIG. 1.
  • the bridge circuit is connected to a temperature control circuit (34), which is shown in detail in FIG. 1 and designated by (34) in FIG. 4.
  • the arrangement according to FIG. 4 contains a threshold value monitoring circuit (148) which, like the temperature control circuit (34), is connected to a gate circuit (146), the output of which is connected to a controller (160) which depending on the battery temperature and the output signal of the threshold monitoring circuit (148) controls two switches (162), (164), which can be contactless switches or relays.
  • the control (160) as well as the oscillator (150) according to FIG. 3 determines whether a consumer is connected to the battery.
  • the test can be carried out in the manner described above in connection with the arrangement according to FIG. 1.
  • the switches are alternately switched on and off when a corresponding outside temperature is present and the battery voltage is within the limits set in the threshold value monitoring circuit.
  • the switch (162) is arranged in series with an oscillator and transformer circuit (166) between the poles (14) and (22) of the battery (16).
  • the switch (164) is between the pole (14) and the energy store (168) in parallel to the switch (162) and to the oscillator and transformer circuit (166), which is also referred to below as the oscillation circuit.
  • the controller (160) briefly closes the switch (162), as a result of which the oscillation circuit at the output feeds a voltage into the energy store (168) which is above the The energy store (168) is arranged between the output of the oscillating circuit and the pole (22).
  • the output voltage of the oscillating circuit is chosen to be high enough that it is suitable as a charging voltage for the battery.
  • the controller (160) opens the switch (162) and closes the switch (164).
  • the energy store (168) emits a charging current to the battery.
  • the battery is therefore “recharged”.
  • the controller (160) contains a multivibrator which generates the control voltages for the switches (162), (164). In addition to this "recharging", the charging current in the battery causes a certain amount of heat, both of which improve starting ability at low outside temperatures.
  • the control (160) is activated.
  • the battery charges the two energy stores (176), (172) to the battery voltage.
  • the energy stores are components which have already been explained above in connection with the arrangement according to FIG. 4.
  • the controller (160) actuates the relay (170), as a result of which the two energy stores (176), (178) are connected in series between the poles (14), (22).
  • the series connection supplies the battery with an increased voltage, which drives a charging current through the battery. This "recharges” the battery and heats it up to a certain extent.
  • the frequency of the switchover and the duration of the charging and discharging of the energy stores (176), (178) is matched to the type and the battery type. At least two energy stores are charged in succession or in parallel with the aid of a corresponding circuit, in order then to enable the battery to be recharged in series with correspondingly added voltages.
  • a smaller hemispherical "balloon envelope" is sucked under the outer construction by the vacuum to such an extent that a relatively weak vacuum already gives good insulation values.
  • the outside light can also be used for heating.
  • the self-heating of the batteries will suffice for sufficiently high temperatures due to the cyclical back discharge.
  • FIG. 6b shows a wall construction (185) which has two halves of the same design, namely an outer half (186) and an inner half (187).
  • Each half (186), (187) contains first wall segments (189) which are arranged at a distance from one another and are hollow on the inside, have approximately rectangular or trapezoidal cross sections and are under pressure.
  • second wall segments (191) which are also hollow on the inside, have approximately rectangular or trapezoidal cross sections and are under pressure.
  • the wall segments (191) like the wall segments (191), begin on the outside of the wall and do not run over half the wall thickness like the first wall segments (189), but only over part of the wall.
  • a gas-tight film (193) is leaned against the ends of the first wall segments (189) lying in the middle of the wall.
  • the wall construction shown in FIG. 6a therefore has a particularly good heat insulation capacity.
  • the wall segments (189), (191) each in one half can be connected to one another by openings, not shown, so that the same overpressure can be generated simultaneously in all chambers.
  • the vacuum or vacuum this also applies to the vacuum chambers which are enclosed by the wall segments (189), (191) and the foils (193) and (195).
  • the device according to FIG. 6b is suitable as a roof construction for a large number System containing batteries, the wall segments being adapted in a modular manner to the shape of the vault.
  • the wall materials of the wall sections (191), (189) and the foils (193), (195) can be translucent.
  • a device for achieving uniform electrolyte mixing is shown in cross section in FIG. 10 in connection with a cell (204) of a battery which contains plate-shaped electrodes (206).
  • a U-tube (208) is arranged, the curvature of which is close to the bottom of the cell (204) and has passage openings (210) for liquid in the form of perforations.
  • the openings of the tube (208) are near the top of the cell (204).
  • balls (212) Inside the tube (208) there are balls (212), especially lead.
  • the acid-resistant, e.g. B. with a plastic (Teflon) coated balls (212) are movably mounted in the tube (210).
  • a lead carriage that is flush with the tube (210) can also be provided.
  • the U-tube (208) is adapted to the outer wall of the cell (204) or integrated into the wall. Liquid can penetrate through the openings (210) from the bottom of the cell (204). In the bottom area, the liquid concentration, especially at low temperatures, can be higher than in the rest of the cell (204). When the vehicle accelerates, the balls (212) move and cause disturbances in the tube (208) from bottom to top.
  • the concentrated acid is pumped into the battery from above.
  • the upper exits of the U-tube can be provided with a valve (flauer or ball) if required.
  • the same U-tubes are arranged in the cells.
  • the U-tubes are each surrounded by coils that are sequentially connected to the operating voltage and generate magnetic fields.
  • the application of the voltage to the coils is controlled in the same cycle as the heating transistors above.
  • Acid-proof encapsulated iron balls are set in motion in the respective tube by the magnetic fields, as a result of which a flow is formed which promotes mixing of the electrolyte.
  • the coils when placed inside the cell, must be sealed acid-tight.
  • the coils can, however, also be arranged outside the cells, for which an acid-proof inclusion is not necessary.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Architecture (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Electrochemistry (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Automation & Control Theory (AREA)
  • Secondary Cells (AREA)
  • Charge And Discharge Circuits For Batteries Or The Like (AREA)
  • Tents Or Canopies (AREA)
  • Thermal Insulation (AREA)
  • Massaging Devices (AREA)
  • Air Bags (AREA)
  • Chair Legs, Seat Parts, And Backrests (AREA)
  • Buildings Adapted To Withstand Abnormal External Influences (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention a pour objet un dispositif de chauffage de batteries avec un capteur de température et au moins un élément chauffant disposés à l'intérieur de la batterie de manière à être étanches aux liquides et résistants aux acides. L'élément chauffant est un transistor de puissance (10) fixé sur une tôle de refroidissement et pouvant être alimenté en courant par la batterie, transistor dont l'électrode de commande est alimentée en courant par un circuit de régulation de la température (34) lorsque la température de la batterie se trouve au-dessous d'une valeur de consigne donnée et que la tension de la batterie est supérieure à une valeur de seuil inférieure et inférieure à une valeur de seuil supérieure. Il est prévu un circuit de déclenchement qui réagit à la montée de la tension de la batterie qui se produit lorsqu'on coupe le courant dans un récepteur consommant une quantité de courant élevée. Le circuit de déclenchement actionne un circuit temporisé (100) qui commande par conduction le transistor de puissance (10) pendant une période déterminée lorsque la tension de la batterie est inférieure ou égale à la valeur de seuil inférieure.
PCT/EP1992/002930 1991-12-21 1992-12-17 Dispositif pour accroitre la quantite de courant delivre par une batterie rechargeable lorsque la temperature exterieure est basse WO1993013568A1 (fr)

Priority Applications (19)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE59206758T DE59206758D1 (de) 1991-12-21 1992-12-17 Anordnung zur verbesserung der stromabgabe einer aufladbaren batterie bei tiefen aussentemperaturen
BR9206975A BR9206975A (pt) 1991-12-21 1992-12-17 Disposição para aperfeiçoamento do fornecimento de corrento de uma bateria carregável a baixas temperaturas externas
JP5511409A JPH07502373A (ja) 1991-12-21 1992-12-17 低い外部気温において充電可能なバッテリーの電流放出を改善するための装置
KR1019940702167A KR940704068A (ko) 1991-12-21 1992-12-17 낮은 외부 온도에서 충전용 배터리의 전류출력을 개선시키는 장치(Device for improving the current output of a chargeable battery at low outside temperatures)
US08/244,895 US5508126A (en) 1991-12-21 1992-12-17 Device for improving the current output of a chargeable battery at low outside temperatures
PL92304174A PL170781B1 (en) 1991-12-21 1992-12-17 Apparatus for supplying electric power from a storage battery at low temperatures
EP19930901037 EP0617846B1 (fr) 1991-12-21 1992-12-17 Dispositif pour accroitre la quantite de courant delivree par une batterie rechargeable lorsque la temperature exterieure est basse
AU32567/93A AU671432B2 (en) 1991-12-21 1992-12-17 Device for improving the current output of a chargeable battery at low outside temperatures
PCT/EP1993/003602 WO1994013909A2 (fr) 1991-12-21 1993-12-17 Agencement de chambres pour une structure gonflable
DE59308963T DE59308963D1 (de) 1991-12-21 1993-12-17 Kammeranordnung einer aufblasbaren struktur
DE19934343303 DE4343303C2 (de) 1991-12-21 1993-12-17 Kammeranordnung
CN93112659A CN1097081A (zh) 1991-12-21 1993-12-17 用于改进在低外界温度下充电电池的电流输出性能的电路
AT94903827T ATE170587T1 (de) 1991-12-21 1993-12-17 Kammeranordnung einer aufblasbaren struktur
JP51381594A JP3355487B2 (ja) 1991-12-21 1993-12-17 建築材
KR1019950702489A KR100297248B1 (ko) 1991-12-21 1993-12-17 건축소자
CA 2152044 CA2152044A1 (fr) 1991-12-21 1993-12-17 Disposition des chambres d'une structure gonflable
EP94903827A EP0675992B1 (fr) 1991-12-21 1993-12-17 Agencement de chambres pour une structure gonflable
AU58132/94A AU5813294A (en) 1991-12-21 1993-12-17 Chamber arrangement for an inflatable structure
US08/593,055 US5599636A (en) 1991-12-21 1996-01-29 Device for improving the current output of a chargeable battery at low outside temperature

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DEP4142628.2 1991-12-21
DE19914142628 DE4142628C1 (fr) 1991-12-21 1991-12-21

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO1993013568A1 true WO1993013568A1 (fr) 1993-07-08

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PCT/EP1992/002930 WO1993013568A1 (fr) 1991-12-21 1992-12-17 Dispositif pour accroitre la quantite de courant delivre par une batterie rechargeable lorsque la temperature exterieure est basse
PCT/EP1993/003602 WO1994013909A2 (fr) 1991-12-21 1993-12-17 Agencement de chambres pour une structure gonflable

Family Applications After (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/EP1993/003602 WO1994013909A2 (fr) 1991-12-21 1993-12-17 Agencement de chambres pour une structure gonflable

Country Status (15)

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US (2) US5508126A (fr)
EP (1) EP0617846B1 (fr)
JP (1) JPH07502373A (fr)
KR (2) KR940704068A (fr)
CN (1) CN1097081A (fr)
AT (2) ATE140344T1 (fr)
AU (2) AU671432B2 (fr)
BR (1) BR9206975A (fr)
CA (2) CA2126321A1 (fr)
CZ (1) CZ151794A3 (fr)
DE (3) DE4142628C1 (fr)
ES (1) ES2092278T3 (fr)
PL (1) PL170781B1 (fr)
RU (1) RU94030498A (fr)
WO (2) WO1993013568A1 (fr)

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WO1998035855A1 (fr) 1997-02-14 1998-08-20 Daimler-Benz Aktiengesellschaft Procede et dispositif pour augmenter la fiabilite au demarrage d'un moteur a combustion interne
DE19705634A1 (de) * 1997-02-14 1998-08-20 Daimler Benz Ag Verfahren und Anordnung zur Erhöhung der Startsicherheit eines Verbrennungsmotors
DE19705634C2 (de) * 1997-02-14 1999-09-23 Daimler Chrysler Ag Verfahren und Anordnung zur Erhöhung der Startsicherheit eines Verbrennungsmotors
EP0933829A1 (fr) * 1998-01-29 1999-08-04 VB Autobatterie GmbH Procédé pour améliorer la capacité de charge et de décharge d'un accumulateur
DE102009054461A1 (de) * 2009-12-10 2011-06-16 SB LiMotive Company Ltd., Suwon Batterieheizung für Kraftfahrzeuge mit elektrischem Antriebsmotor
DE102010022021A1 (de) * 2010-05-29 2011-12-01 Audi Ag Verfahren zum Betreiben einer elektrischen Batterie eines Kraftfahrzeugs sowie Kraftfahrzeug
WO2020002580A1 (fr) 2018-06-28 2020-01-02 Bayerische Motoren Werke Aktiengesellschaft Module de stockage pour un accumulateur d'énergie d'un véhicule à moteur ainsi qu'accumulateur d'énergie
DE102018210662A1 (de) 2018-06-28 2020-01-02 Bayerische Motoren Werke Aktiengesellschaft Speichermodul für einen Energiespeicher eines Kraftfahrzeugs sowie Energiespeicher

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JPH07502373A (ja) 1995-03-09
US5599636A (en) 1997-02-04
DE59206758D1 (de) 1996-08-14
CA2152044A1 (fr) 1994-06-23
CA2126321A1 (fr) 1993-07-08
KR940704068A (ko) 1994-12-12
EP0617846A1 (fr) 1994-10-05
WO1994013909A2 (fr) 1994-06-23
ATE170587T1 (de) 1998-09-15
CN1097081A (zh) 1995-01-04
RU94030498A (ru) 1997-04-27
AU5813294A (en) 1994-07-04
CZ151794A3 (en) 1995-01-18
DE4343303C2 (de) 2003-04-30
ATE140344T1 (de) 1996-07-15
EP0617846B1 (fr) 1996-07-10
AU3256793A (en) 1993-07-28
AU671432B2 (en) 1996-08-29
WO1994013909A3 (fr) 1994-09-15
ES2092278T3 (es) 1996-11-16
US5508126A (en) 1996-04-16
KR100297248B1 (ko) 2001-10-24
BR9206975A (pt) 1995-12-05
DE4142628C1 (fr) 1993-05-06
PL170781B1 (en) 1997-01-31

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