WO1990014887A1 - Exhaust gas purifying catalyst excellent in thermal resistance and method of production thereof - Google Patents
Exhaust gas purifying catalyst excellent in thermal resistance and method of production thereof Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO1990014887A1 WO1990014887A1 PCT/JP1990/000752 JP9000752W WO9014887A1 WO 1990014887 A1 WO1990014887 A1 WO 1990014887A1 JP 9000752 W JP9000752 W JP 9000752W WO 9014887 A1 WO9014887 A1 WO 9014887A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- exhaust gas
- slurry
- catalyst
- platinum group
- activated alumina
- Prior art date
Links
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
- B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
- B01D53/92—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases of engine exhaust gases
- B01D53/94—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases of engine exhaust gases by catalytic processes
- B01D53/9445—Simultaneously removing carbon monoxide, hydrocarbons or nitrogen oxides making use of three-way catalysts [TWC] or four-way-catalysts [FWC]
- B01D53/945—Simultaneously removing carbon monoxide, hydrocarbons or nitrogen oxides making use of three-way catalysts [TWC] or four-way-catalysts [FWC] characterised by a specific catalyst
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J23/00—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00
- B01J23/38—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of noble metals
- B01J23/54—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of noble metals combined with metals, oxides or hydroxides provided for in groups B01J23/02 - B01J23/36
- B01J23/56—Platinum group metals
- B01J23/63—Platinum group metals with rare earths or actinides
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J37/00—Processes, in general, for preparing catalysts; Processes, in general, for activation of catalysts
- B01J37/02—Impregnation, coating or precipitation
- B01J37/0215—Coating
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J37/00—Processes, in general, for preparing catalysts; Processes, in general, for activation of catalysts
- B01J37/02—Impregnation, coating or precipitation
- B01J37/024—Multiple impregnation or coating
- B01J37/0244—Coatings comprising several layers
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J37/00—Processes, in general, for preparing catalysts; Processes, in general, for activation of catalysts
- B01J37/02—Impregnation, coating or precipitation
- B01J37/03—Precipitation; Co-precipitation
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D2255/00—Catalysts
- B01D2255/90—Physical characteristics of catalysts
- B01D2255/902—Multilayered catalyst
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A50/00—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE in human health protection, e.g. against extreme weather
- Y02A50/20—Air quality improvement or preservation, e.g. vehicle emission control or emission reduction by using catalytic converters
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
- Y02T10/10—Internal combustion engine [ICE] based vehicles
- Y02T10/12—Improving ICE efficiencies
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Biomedical Technology (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Exhaust Gas Treatment By Means Of Catalyst (AREA)
- Catalysts (AREA)
Priority Applications (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
EP90908627A EP0428752B1 (en) | 1989-06-09 | 1990-06-08 | Exhaust gas purifying catalyst excellent in thermal resistance and method of production thereof |
DE69012059T DE69012059T2 (de) | 1989-06-09 | 1990-06-08 | Abgasreinigungskatalysator mit ausgezeichneter thermischer beständigkeit und verfahren zu seiner herstellung. |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
JP14549189 | 1989-06-09 | ||
JP1/145491 | 1989-06-09 |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
WO1990014887A1 true WO1990014887A1 (en) | 1990-12-13 |
Family
ID=15386495
Family Applications (2)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/JP1990/000753 WO1990014888A1 (en) | 1989-06-09 | 1990-06-08 | Exhaust gas purifying catalyst excellent in thermal resistance and method of production thereof |
PCT/JP1990/000752 WO1990014887A1 (en) | 1989-06-09 | 1990-06-08 | Exhaust gas purifying catalyst excellent in thermal resistance and method of production thereof |
Family Applications Before (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/JP1990/000753 WO1990014888A1 (en) | 1989-06-09 | 1990-06-08 | Exhaust gas purifying catalyst excellent in thermal resistance and method of production thereof |
Country Status (8)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (2) | US5200384A (ja) |
EP (2) | EP0428753B1 (ja) |
JP (1) | JP2858945B2 (ja) |
AT (2) | ATE110586T1 (ja) |
DE (2) | DE69018571T2 (ja) |
DK (2) | DK0428752T3 (ja) |
ES (2) | ES2071099T3 (ja) |
WO (2) | WO1990014888A1 (ja) |
Cited By (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JPH09131530A (ja) * | 1995-11-09 | 1997-05-20 | Ict:Kk | 内燃機関排ガス浄化用触媒 |
US5883037A (en) * | 1994-05-27 | 1999-03-16 | Rhone-Poulenc Chimie | Thermally stable/highly reducible catalyst compositions comprising alumina and the oxides of cerium and zirconium |
WO2006046316A1 (ja) * | 2004-10-28 | 2006-05-04 | Cataler Corporation | 排ガス浄化用触媒 |
Families Citing this family (50)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US5212142A (en) * | 1991-11-04 | 1993-05-18 | Engelhard Corporation | High performance thermally stable catalyst |
JP2979809B2 (ja) * | 1992-01-10 | 1999-11-15 | 日産自動車株式会社 | 排ガス浄化用触媒及びその製造方法 |
US5376610A (en) * | 1992-04-15 | 1994-12-27 | Nissan Motor Co., Ltd. | Catalyst for exhaust gas purification and method for exhaust gas purification |
WO1994006546A1 (en) * | 1992-09-21 | 1994-03-31 | Allied-Signal Inc. | Layered automotive catalyst with improved performance |
GB9226434D0 (en) * | 1992-12-18 | 1993-02-10 | Johnson Matthey Plc | Catalyst |
FR2699524B1 (fr) | 1992-12-21 | 1995-02-10 | Rhone Poulenc Chimie | Composition à base d'un oxyde mixte de cérium et de zirconium, préparation et utilisation. |
FR2701471B1 (fr) | 1993-02-10 | 1995-05-24 | Rhone Poulenc Chimie | Procédé de synthèse de compositions à base d'oxydes mixtes de zirconium et de cérium, compositions ainsi obtenues et utilisations de ces dernières. |
FR2701472B1 (fr) | 1993-02-10 | 1995-05-24 | Rhone Poulenc Chimie | Procédé de préparation de compositions à base d'oxydes mixtes de zirconium et de cérium. |
JP3041662B2 (ja) | 1993-06-21 | 2000-05-15 | 三徳金属工業株式会社 | 酸素吸収・放出能を有する複合酸化物、その製造法、及びその使用方法 |
JP3505236B2 (ja) | 1994-10-05 | 2004-03-08 | 株式会社三徳 | 酸素吸収・放出能を有する複合酸化物及びその製造法 |
EP0885657B1 (en) * | 1993-06-25 | 2008-01-02 | BASF Catalysts LLC | Catalyst composite |
ATE191658T1 (de) * | 1994-06-17 | 2000-04-15 | Engelhard Corp | Zusammengesetzter katalysator mit schichtstruktur |
KR960028689A (ko) * | 1994-12-26 | 1996-07-22 | 이형도 | 센서용 히터전극 및 이를 사용한 세라믹 히터 |
US6087298A (en) * | 1996-05-14 | 2000-07-11 | Engelhard Corporation | Exhaust gas treatment system |
EP0834348B1 (en) | 1996-10-07 | 2004-03-31 | Kabushiki Kaisha Toyota Chuo Kenkyusho | Composite oxide, composite oxide carrier and catalyst |
DE19653629A1 (de) * | 1996-12-20 | 1998-06-25 | Basf Ag | Monoklines Zirconiumoxid mit hoher Oberfläche |
US5766562A (en) * | 1997-03-10 | 1998-06-16 | Ford Global Technologies, Inc. | Diesel emission treatment using precious metal on titania aerogel |
JPH10328570A (ja) * | 1997-03-31 | 1998-12-15 | Mazda Motor Corp | 排気ガス浄化用触媒及びその製造方法並びに排気ガス浄化方法 |
US5888464A (en) * | 1997-04-08 | 1999-03-30 | Engelhard Corporation | Catalyst composition containing an intimately combined cerium-zirconium oxide |
DE19714707A1 (de) * | 1997-04-09 | 1998-10-15 | Degussa | Sauerstoff speicherndes Material mit hoher Temperaturstabilität sowie Verfahren zu seiner Herstellung |
US6521440B1 (en) | 1997-09-15 | 2003-02-18 | Genencor International, Inc. | Proteases from gram-positive organisms |
JP3903598B2 (ja) * | 1997-09-24 | 2007-04-11 | トヨタ自動車株式会社 | 排ガス浄化用触媒およびその製造方法 |
US6129898A (en) * | 1998-08-17 | 2000-10-10 | Ford Global Technologies, Inc. | NOx trap catalyst for lean burn engines |
JP2000167402A (ja) * | 1998-12-09 | 2000-06-20 | Daihatsu Motor Co Ltd | 排気ガス浄化用触媒 |
JP4382180B2 (ja) * | 1998-11-06 | 2009-12-09 | 株式会社キャタラー | 排ガス浄化用触媒 |
US6139813A (en) * | 1998-12-18 | 2000-10-31 | Ford Global Technologies, Inc. | NOx trapping by metal-zirconia materials during lean-burn automotive engine operation |
US6143272A (en) | 1998-12-18 | 2000-11-07 | Ford Global Technologies, Inc. | Sol-gel processed metal-zirconia materials |
US6335305B1 (en) * | 1999-01-18 | 2002-01-01 | Kabushiki Kaisha Toyota Chuo Kenkyusho | Catalyst for purifying exhaust gas |
GB0212321D0 (en) | 2002-05-29 | 2002-07-10 | Johnson Matthey Plc | Catalyst composition |
DE10024994A1 (de) | 1999-05-24 | 2001-01-04 | Daihatsu Motor Co Ltd | Katalytischer Umwandler zum Reinigen von Abgasen |
JP3489049B2 (ja) | 1999-07-15 | 2004-01-19 | 日産自動車株式会社 | 排気ガス浄化用触媒 |
JP3859940B2 (ja) | 1999-08-06 | 2006-12-20 | 日産自動車株式会社 | 排気ガス浄化用触媒及びその製造方法 |
US6881384B1 (en) * | 1999-08-30 | 2005-04-19 | Daihatsu Motor Co., Ltd. | Catalytic converter for cleaning exhaust gas |
JP3489048B2 (ja) | 2000-02-01 | 2004-01-19 | 日産自動車株式会社 | 排気ガス浄化用触媒 |
ATE297805T1 (de) | 2000-03-28 | 2005-07-15 | Umicore Ag & Co Kg | Einschichtiger hochleistungskatalysator |
EP1199096A1 (en) * | 2000-10-21 | 2002-04-24 | Degussa AG | Catalyst for destruction of CO, VOC, and halogenated organic emissions |
US7247597B2 (en) * | 2001-08-30 | 2007-07-24 | Kabushiki Kaisha Toyota Chuo Kenkyusho | Composite oxide, process for producing the same, and exhaust gas reducing co-catalyst |
US7276212B2 (en) * | 2001-10-01 | 2007-10-02 | Engelhard Corporation | Exhaust articles for internal combustion engines |
JP4584555B2 (ja) * | 2002-10-17 | 2010-11-24 | 株式会社デンソー | セラミック触媒体 |
JP4959129B2 (ja) * | 2004-02-16 | 2012-06-20 | 株式会社キャタラー | 排ガス浄化用触媒 |
JP4648089B2 (ja) * | 2005-05-27 | 2011-03-09 | 株式会社キャタラー | 排ガス浄化用触媒 |
JP5021188B2 (ja) * | 2005-08-01 | 2012-09-05 | 株式会社キャタラー | 排ガス浄化用触媒 |
JP5322526B2 (ja) * | 2008-07-17 | 2013-10-23 | エヌ・イーケムキャット株式会社 | 自動車から排出される排気ガスを浄化するためのハニカム構造型触媒及びその製造方法、並びに、その触媒を使用した排気ガス浄化方法 |
US10792647B2 (en) | 2009-04-21 | 2020-10-06 | Johnson Matthey Public Limited Company | Base metal catalysts for the oxidation of carbon monoxide and volatile organic compounds |
US8530372B2 (en) * | 2009-07-22 | 2013-09-10 | Basf Corporation | Oxygen storage catalyst with decreased ceria reduction temperature |
JP4674264B2 (ja) * | 2009-07-31 | 2011-04-20 | 株式会社キャタラー | 排ガス浄化用触媒 |
JP5777690B2 (ja) * | 2013-12-02 | 2015-09-09 | 田中貴金属工業株式会社 | 排ガス浄化触媒及びその製造方法 |
US10634030B2 (en) | 2014-12-08 | 2020-04-28 | Basf Corporation | Nitrous oxide removal catalysts for exhaust systems |
JP7184743B2 (ja) | 2019-12-26 | 2022-12-06 | トヨタ自動車株式会社 | 排ガス浄化用触媒 |
JP7248616B2 (ja) | 2020-03-25 | 2023-03-29 | トヨタ自動車株式会社 | 排ガス浄化用触媒 |
Citations (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JPS61222539A (ja) * | 1985-03-28 | 1986-10-03 | Nippon Shokubai Kagaku Kogyo Co Ltd | 一体構造型排ガス浄化用触媒の製造方法 |
JPS6388040A (ja) * | 1986-09-30 | 1988-04-19 | Nippon Engeruharudo Kk | 車輌用排気ガス浄化用触媒及びその製造方法 |
JPS63116741A (ja) * | 1986-11-04 | 1988-05-21 | Toyota Motor Corp | 排気ガス浄化用触媒 |
JPS6439824U (ja) * | 1987-09-03 | 1989-03-09 |
Family Cites Families (13)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JPS609861B2 (ja) * | 1979-12-19 | 1985-03-13 | 株式会社豊田中央研究所 | 排気ガス浄化用触媒 |
JPS56124442A (en) * | 1980-03-06 | 1981-09-30 | Toyota Central Res & Dev Lab Inc | Catalyst for cleaning of exhaust gas |
JPS59156434A (ja) * | 1983-02-25 | 1984-09-05 | Toyota Motor Corp | 排気ガス浄化用触媒 |
CA1213874A (en) * | 1983-05-12 | 1986-11-12 | Tomohisa Ohata | Process for producing honeycomb catalyst for exhaust gas conversion |
JPS60110334A (ja) * | 1983-11-21 | 1985-06-15 | Nissan Motor Co Ltd | 排ガス浄化用触媒の製造方法 |
US4727052A (en) * | 1986-06-27 | 1988-02-23 | Engelhard Corporation | Catalyst compositions and methods of making the same |
JPS6377544A (ja) * | 1986-09-19 | 1988-04-07 | Nissan Motor Co Ltd | 排気ガス浄化用触媒 |
AU595655B2 (en) * | 1986-11-04 | 1990-04-05 | Kabushiki Kaisha Toyota Chuo Kenkyusho | Catalyst for the purification of exhaust gas |
JPS6470146A (en) * | 1987-06-24 | 1989-03-15 | Toyota Motor Corp | Catalyst for purifying exhaust gas |
JPH0615040B2 (ja) * | 1987-07-06 | 1994-03-02 | 株式会社豊田中央研究所 | 排気浄化用触媒 |
JP2537239B2 (ja) * | 1987-08-28 | 1996-09-25 | エヌ・イーケムキヤツト 株式会社 | 耐熱性に優れた内燃機関排気ガス浄化用触媒及びその製造方法 |
FR2622126B1 (fr) * | 1987-10-21 | 1991-06-14 | Procatalyse Ste Fse Produits C | Catalyseur pour le traitement des gaz d'echappement des moteurs a combustion interne et procede de fabrication de ce catalyseur |
US5015617A (en) * | 1988-04-14 | 1991-05-14 | Nippon Shokubai Kagaku Kogyo Co., Ltd. | Catalyst for purifying exhaust gas and method for production thereof |
-
1990
- 1990-06-08 AT AT90908627T patent/ATE110586T1/de active
- 1990-06-08 EP EP90908628A patent/EP0428753B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1990-06-08 WO PCT/JP1990/000753 patent/WO1990014888A1/ja active IP Right Grant
- 1990-06-08 EP EP90908627A patent/EP0428752B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1990-06-08 DE DE69018571T patent/DE69018571T2/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1990-06-08 DK DK90908627.4T patent/DK0428752T3/da active
- 1990-06-08 US US07/635,519 patent/US5200384A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1990-06-08 ES ES90908628T patent/ES2071099T3/es not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1990-06-08 DK DK90908628.2T patent/DK0428753T3/da active
- 1990-06-08 DE DE69012059T patent/DE69012059T2/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1990-06-08 ES ES90908627T patent/ES2058919T3/es not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1990-06-08 WO PCT/JP1990/000752 patent/WO1990014887A1/ja active IP Right Grant
- 1990-06-08 US US07/655,415 patent/US5147842A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1990-06-08 AT AT90908628T patent/ATE120985T1/de not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1990-06-08 JP JP2508438A patent/JP2858945B2/ja not_active Expired - Lifetime
Patent Citations (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JPS61222539A (ja) * | 1985-03-28 | 1986-10-03 | Nippon Shokubai Kagaku Kogyo Co Ltd | 一体構造型排ガス浄化用触媒の製造方法 |
JPS6388040A (ja) * | 1986-09-30 | 1988-04-19 | Nippon Engeruharudo Kk | 車輌用排気ガス浄化用触媒及びその製造方法 |
JPS63116741A (ja) * | 1986-11-04 | 1988-05-21 | Toyota Motor Corp | 排気ガス浄化用触媒 |
JPS6439824U (ja) * | 1987-09-03 | 1989-03-09 |
Cited By (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US5883037A (en) * | 1994-05-27 | 1999-03-16 | Rhone-Poulenc Chimie | Thermally stable/highly reducible catalyst compositions comprising alumina and the oxides of cerium and zirconium |
JPH09131530A (ja) * | 1995-11-09 | 1997-05-20 | Ict:Kk | 内燃機関排ガス浄化用触媒 |
WO2006046316A1 (ja) * | 2004-10-28 | 2006-05-04 | Cataler Corporation | 排ガス浄化用触媒 |
JPWO2006046316A1 (ja) * | 2004-10-28 | 2008-05-22 | 株式会社キャタラー | 排ガス浄化用触媒 |
JP4707672B2 (ja) * | 2004-10-28 | 2011-06-22 | 株式会社キャタラー | 排ガス浄化用触媒 |
US8975204B2 (en) | 2004-10-28 | 2015-03-10 | Cataler Corporation | Exhaust-gas-purifying catalyst |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
EP0428753A1 (en) | 1991-05-29 |
EP0428753B1 (en) | 1995-04-12 |
ATE120985T1 (de) | 1995-04-15 |
EP0428752A4 (en) | 1991-11-21 |
ES2071099T3 (es) | 1995-06-16 |
EP0428752A1 (en) | 1991-05-29 |
EP0428752B1 (en) | 1994-08-31 |
DK0428752T3 (da) | 1994-10-03 |
WO1990014888A1 (en) | 1990-12-13 |
DE69012059T2 (de) | 1995-03-02 |
DE69018571T2 (de) | 1995-09-28 |
DK0428753T3 (da) | 1995-07-03 |
ATE110586T1 (de) | 1994-09-15 |
EP0428753A4 (en) | 1991-11-21 |
US5200384A (en) | 1993-04-06 |
DE69018571D1 (de) | 1995-05-18 |
US5147842A (en) | 1992-09-15 |
ES2058919T3 (es) | 1994-11-01 |
DE69012059D1 (de) | 1994-10-06 |
JP2858945B2 (ja) | 1999-02-17 |
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