Classifications

• • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
  • E04—BUILDING
  • E04C—STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS; BUILDING MATERIALS
  • E04C2/00—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels
  • E04C2/02—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by specified materials
  • E04C2/26—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by specified materials composed of materials covered by two or more of groups E04C2/04, E04C2/08, E04C2/10 or of materials covered by one of these groups with a material not specified in one of the groups
  • E04C2/284—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by specified materials composed of materials covered by two or more of groups E04C2/04, E04C2/08, E04C2/10 or of materials covered by one of these groups with a material not specified in one of the groups at least one of the materials being insulating
  • E04C2/292—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by specified materials composed of materials covered by two or more of groups E04C2/04, E04C2/08, E04C2/10 or of materials covered by one of these groups with a material not specified in one of the groups at least one of the materials being insulating composed of insulating material and sheet metal
• • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
  • E04—BUILDING
  • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
  • E04B7/00—Roofs; Roof construction with regard to insulation
  • E04B7/20—Roofs consisting of self-supporting slabs, e.g. able to be loaded
  • E04B7/22—Roofs consisting of self-supporting slabs, e.g. able to be loaded the slabs having insulating properties, e.g. laminated with layers of insulating material
• • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
  • E04—BUILDING
  • E04D—ROOF COVERINGS; SKY-LIGHTS; GUTTERS; ROOF-WORKING TOOLS
  • E04D3/00—Roof covering by making use of flat or curved slabs or stiff sheets
  • E04D3/35—Roofing slabs or stiff sheets comprising two or more layers, e.g. for insulation
  • E04D3/351—Roofing slabs or stiff sheets comprising two or more layers, e.g. for insulation at least one of the layers being composed of insulating material, e.g. fibre or foam material
  • E04D3/352—Roofing slabs or stiff sheets comprising two or more layers, e.g. for insulation at least one of the layers being composed of insulating material, e.g. fibre or foam material at least one insulating layer being located between non-insulating layers, e.g. double skin slabs or sheets
• • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
  • E04—BUILDING
  • E04D—ROOF COVERINGS; SKY-LIGHTS; GUTTERS; ROOF-WORKING TOOLS
  • E04D3/00—Roof covering by making use of flat or curved slabs or stiff sheets
  • E04D3/38—Devices for sealing spaces or joints between roof-covering elements
• • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
  • E04—BUILDING
  • E04D—ROOF COVERINGS; SKY-LIGHTS; GUTTERS; ROOF-WORKING TOOLS
  • E04D5/00—Roof covering by making use of flexible material, e.g. supplied in roll form
  • E04D5/14—Fastening means therefor
  • E04D5/141—Fastening means therefor characterised by the location of the fastening means
  • E04D5/142—Fastening means therefor characterised by the location of the fastening means along the edge of the flexible material

Definitions

• the invention relates to a composite element for building purposes according to the preamble of claim 1.
• Such composite elements can be used to assemble roofs or walls.
• the composite elements are arranged next to each other and on a support structure, e.g. attached to roof or wall beams.
• the composite elements generally have a housing made of galvanized and plastic-coated 31ech.
• a composite element in the manner of the preamble of claim 1 is known from DE 33 06 274 C2.
• This bundle element has a box-shaped molded body which consists of an elongated box housing with open end faces and a filling of a heat-insulating material filling this housing.
• the housing consists of a floor, a top wall and two
• the holding force with which the composite elements are held on the support structure is therefore only slight, so that there is a risk that the composite elements will come loose from the support structure under load (e.g. due to suction).
• the additional components also create additional cold bridges between the outer and inner walls of a wall or roof covering constructed from the composite elements. To prevent this, additional layers of heat-insulating material are required in the known composite elements.
• Another composite element is known from DE 34 45 895 A1, the molded body of which has a multi-part housing. With this composite element, too, the connection to adjacent composite elements is made via additional components, such as, for example, an angle strip with special profiling, so that the disadvantages mentioned above arise.
• the invention has for its object to provide a composite element for construction purposes according to the preamble of claim 1, which can be attached directly to the support structure and connected to an adjacent composite element without additional components.
• the molded body has a housing, on the bottom of which an underlap flange protruding laterally beyond a side wall is formed.
• This underlap flange runs essentially at right angles to the side wall, so the bottom of the housing is widened, so to speak, by the underlap flange.
• a recess is formed, into which the underlap flange on the molded body housing of an adjacent composite element can be inserted or protrudes.
• the underlap flange of a composite element therefore engages under the molded body housing of an adjacent composite element in the region of its bottom recess.
• the recess in the floor can e.g. be formed by cranking the bottom, so that the relevant side edge section of the bottom is offset with respect to the remaining bottom area in the direction of the top wall. The amount of offset should be slightly larger than the thickness of the underlap flange.
• the top wall of the molded body housing of the composite element according to the invention is one of the bottom opposite recess.
• the fastening means which is, for example, a screw or a nail, is through the top wall recess and the bottom recess of the molded body housing of one composite element and through the underlap flange of the other Composite element driven through.
• the screw, bolt or nail head is located in the recess of the top wall, so it does not jump out with respect to the top wall.
• Adjacent composite elements of the type according to the invention are therefore only connected to one another and also fastened to the supporting structure by the fastening means, that is to say without further components or auxiliary structures.
• fasteners are used, which are evenly distributed over the length of the molded body.
• One fastener or a number of fasteners arranged side by side is required for each composite element.
• No additional cold bridges are created when connecting and fastening the composite elements according to the invention to one another or to the support structure; Since the composite elements are attached directly to the support structure, a tensile and pressure-resistant connection is created from the composite element to the support structure, which ensures the reliable attachment of the composite elements to the support structure even under the highest loads, such as wall and roof covers due to high air pressure or negative air pressure result from strong air movements.
• the underlap flange extends over the entire length of the Shaped body housing. Accordingly, the recess in the bottom of the molded body housing is also formed over its entire length.
• the depression in the top wall has the shape of a groove or groove extending over the length of the molded body housing. If desired, this groove can be covered by a cover strip after the attachment and connection of the composite elements or closed by a sealing strip made of heat-insulating material inserted into the recess.
• the recess in the bottom of the housing of the molded body is advantageously coated with a strip of sealing material.
• this sealing strip is consequently located between the underlap flange of one composite element and the underside of the bottom of the molded body housing of the other composite element.
• the gap formed between the underlap flange and the floor and the two side walls of adjacent composite elements can be sealed in this way, so that a possible flow of drafts between adjacent composite elements is prevented.
• bothyl rubber is used as the material for the sealing strip.
• a strip of asbestos or silicate foam seals against fire gases.
• legs facing each other are formed on the ends of the side walls facing away from the floor.
• a protruding interlocking flange which extends over the entire length of the shaped body, is provided, on which a cover layer lies on.
• the two interlocking flanges of a molded body face away from each other.
• the top wall of this molded body housing thus consists of the legs and the top layer attached to the interlocking flanges.
• the longitudinal recess groove is provided on the side wall leg opposite the base recess and receives the fastening means for fastening the composite element.
• Metal cover layers can be easily and easily attached to the hooking flanges of the legs by forming folds on the longitudinal edges of the cover layer. These folds are formed by bending back the top layer edge, that is, by deforming the edge to form a 180 ° curvature. The resulting top layer folded edge completely surrounds or engages around the interlocking flange.
• the hooking flange is expediently all over, i.e. coated on its top, front and bottom with an (elastic) heat-insulating sealing material, which causes the formation of a cold bridge between the cover layer and the bottom of the molded body, i.e. the outer and inner surface of a wall or roof covering constructed from the composite elements is prevented.
• the depression in the top wall or in one of the legs of the side walls has a parallel Ab cut open, in the area of the fastener penetrates the housing of the molded body.
• the parallel section forms the deepest point of the depression, which, viewed in cross section through the housing, widens towards the top.
• the depression in the leg is limited laterally, on the one hand by the side wall and on the other hand by the hooking flange at the end of the leg.
• the distance of the interlocking flange from the floor is greater than the distance from the upper end of the side wall delimiting the depression to the floor.
• the depression in the leg is thus arranged in the transition area between the side and top walls.
• a recess is also provided in the transition area between the other side wall and the cover layer, that is to say between the cover layer and that side wall over which the overlap flange projects.
• This further recess is formed by a V-shaped recess groove in the leg of the side wall in question.
• the hooking flange is arranged at the end of the flank of the V-shaped recess facing the opposite side wall, while the upper edge of the associated side wall forms the end of the other flank of the V-shaped recess.
• the two side walls of the molded body housing thus formed have the same height, while the two interlocking flanges at the ends of the two side wall legs are at the same distance from the floor, that is to say are arranged at the same height.
• a joint that is open to the cover layer is formed, which is formed by the two depressions in the mutually facing legs of the two composite elements and by the mutually facing interlocking flanges is limited on both sides.
• This joint has a substantially trapezoidal cross-section, the base of the trapezoid running through the two hooking flanges and the side of the trapezoid parallel to the base being formed by the parallel section of the leg opposite the bottom recess.
• the joint base In the transition area between the two composite elements, the joint base has a V-shaped elevation. This elevation is generated by the formation of the mutually facing regions of the depressions in the adjoining legs.
• the sealing strip preferably consists of a heat-insulating and non-inflammable or only flame-resistant material. Such a material can on the one hand provide thermal insulation between the joint floor and a cover strip covering the joint opening become; on the other hand, the transition gap between two bundle elements is also sealed against fire flames.
• the insertion of the sealing strip into the joints is particularly simple if the sealing strip corresponds to the cross section of the joint opening or is adapted to it.
• the leg opposite the bottom recess has a section that runs to the bottom, adjoins the side wall and extends at an acute angle to this section, to which the parallel section adjoins, which in an acute angle to the side wall and passes from the floor facing section, at the end of which the interlocking flange is arranged.
• the leg on the other side wall with the exception of the parallel section, is formed symmetrically to the leg opposite the bottom recess, that is to say essentially consists of the two acute-angled sections forming a V-shaped recess and the interlocking flange.
• This design of the legs is advantageous in that the bottom, the two side walls with their legs and the hooking flanges arranged thereon and the underlap flange can be formed from a single continuous material web.
• a so-called roll former can be used, which produces the underlap flange as well as the hooking flanges, the side walls with the legs and the base by repeatedly bending or kinking the material web.
• the flanges are formed by bending the material web back and have essentially twice the material thickness.
• several V-shaped grooves open at the bottom can be provided to stiffen the housing in the floor.
• the design of the molded body housing described above has the advantage that the housing, including the V-shaped bottom grooves, can be produced by a single roll former in continuous operation.
• a heat-insulating and fire-retardant material is used as the filling of the housing, for example a foam insulation material preferably based on duromer-phenol with inorganic fillers such as e.g. Silicon.
• the foam insulation is mechanically introduced into the housing after it has been manufactured.
• the foam insulation material based on duromer-phenol with inorganic fillers has good flame resistance behavior and an improved insulation value, since fluorocarbon (CFC) blowing agents are not used.
• CFC fluorocarbon
• this foam retains its high tensile and compressive strength even when exposed to heat, so that the high load-bearing capacity of the filling and thus of the composite element is maintained even in the event of a fire.
• This foam insulation adheres well to the smooth inner wall of the housing even without glue or adhesion promoter and shows little or no tendency to "bowl".
• the Joints between adjacent composite elements use the sealing strips already described above.
• fastening clips are inserted into the joint openings, which grip the interlocking flanges, which are optionally coated with the sealing material, on both sides and to which a cover layer is fastened.
• These fastening clips are inserted into the joint opening at regular intervals and have fork-shaped ends, each of which encloses a hooking flange.
• the fastening clips are first inserted obliquely into the joint opening and then rotated in such a way that they are arranged transversely in the joint opening, their forks engaging around the hooking flanges on both sides.
• the clip is advantageously coated with a heat-insulating material, so that no cold transport between the interlocking flanges and the mounting clips and via these to the cover layer can take place.
• FIG. 1 is a perspective view of a composite element resting on double T-beams
• Fig. 2 shows a cross section through two adjacent composite elements
• the composite element is shown in perspective in FIG. 1. It has a molded body 10, which consists of a housing 12 and a filling 14 filling this, made of heat-insulating and fire-retardant material.
• the molded body 10 has a much greater length than its width and lies at its front and rear ends, that is to say at the level of its end faces, on the supports 16 of a support structure (not shown in detail).
• the beams 16 are part of a roof or wall construction, for example, which forms the substructure for the composite elements.
• the composite element is either attached directly to the beams 16 by means of screws 18 or, for example in the case of wall claddings, is screwed directly to the wall to be clad.
• the housing 12 consists of a bottom 20, a top wall 22 indicated in FIG. 1 by a dashed line and two opposite side walls 24 and 26. Furthermore, an underlap flange 28 is provided on the bottom 20, which is laterally via the one (first) side wall 24 survives to the outside. The flange 28 extends over the entire length of the housing 12 and runs parallel to the base 20. In the region of the other (second) side wall 26 opposite the first side wall 24, a recess 30 is formed in the base 20 which accommodates the underlap flange 28 of a second one Composite element is used.
• the edge strip of the eode 20 adjoining the second side wall 26 is offset from the interior of the housing by a little more than the thickness of the underlap flange 28 and runs parallel to the remaining part of the base 20.
• the recess 30 is thus designed in the form of a step in the base 20.
• the width or depth the recess 30 is larger than the width of the underlap flange 28.
• the top wall 22 of the housing 12 consists of legs 32, 34 connected to the side walls, the free ends of which are each designed as hooking flanges 36, 38 that extend over the entire length of the housing 12.
• a cover layer 40 lies on the two interlocking flanges 36, 38 (see FIG. 2).
• the interlocking flanges 36, 38 face away from one another and run at a height.
• the bottom, the two side walls with their legs and the underlap flange are made of a continuous material web, which consists of galvanized and plastic-coated metal (sheet metal).
• the two legs 32, 34 are designed in a special way and each have a section 42, 44 adjoining the relevant side wall 24, 26, which extends at an acute angle to the relevant side wall 24 and 26 and is directed toward the floor 20 .
• a section 46 adjoins the section 42 of the (first) leg of the first side wall 24; sections 42 and 46 run in a V-shape with respect to one another, section 46 projecting upward beyond the end of first side wall 24.
• the hooking flange 36 is arranged at the upper end of section 46.
• the first leg 32 formed in this way forms in the corner region between the top wall 22 and the first side wall 24 a depression 48 which is open towards this corner region and extends over the entire length of the housing 12.
• the section 44 of the (second) leg 34 of the second side wall 26 is connected to the floor 20 parallel section 50, which is continued by a section 52 directed away from the floor 20 and extending at an angle to the second side wall 26.
• the section 52 projects beyond the upper end of the second side wall 26 and the hooking flange 34 is arranged at its upper end.
• the configuration of the second leg 34 described here forms a depression 54 in the corner region between the top wall 22 and the second side wall 26, which extends over the entire length of the housing 12. In this recess there are the screws 18 with which the composite element is screwed to the supports 16.
• the screws 18 are supported with their screw heads in the section 50 of the second leg 34 parallel to the base 20.
• the screws 18 penetrate the parallel section 50, the filling 14 and in the region of the recess 30 the bottom 20 of a composite element and the leg 28 of an adjacent composite element, which is shown in FIGS. 1 and 2 is shown.
• the connection of two composite elements to one another is thus achieved by a single row of screws 18, the number of which depends on the number of supports 16 spanned by the housing 12 and the (extension) pulling values of the fastening means.
• the filling 14 contributes to the rigidity of the molded body 10, but also to the special design of the housing 12 in the region of the legs 32, 34.
• the filling 14 consists of an insulating foam, preferably based on duromer-phenol, with inorganic fillers.
• to Fastening of the molded bodies 10 to one another and to the supporting structure uses self-tapping screws 18.
• Figs. 2 to 4 are cross-sectional views of a wall or roof covering constructed from the composite elements according to FIG. 1 in the transition region of two adjacent molded bodies 10. The difference in sections in Figs. 2 to 4 covers essentially consists in the design and attachment of the cover layer to the shaped bodies 10.
• Figs. 2 to 4 can be seen how the underlap flange 28 of a molded body 10 engages under the molded body 10 adjacent to it in the region of its bottom recess 30.
• a sealing material is provided, which is applied or glued in the form of a strip 60 to the underside of the base 20 in the region of the recess 30.
• this side is the inside of the wall or roof cover
• the gap is sealed to the other side by a profiled sealing strip 62, which is inserted into the joint 64, which is formed by the two mutually facing first and second legs 32, 34 of the two adjacent molded bodies 10.
• the joint opening is delimited on both sides by the hooking flanges 36, 38 of the two molded bodies 10.
• the profile of the sealing strip 62 corresponds to the cross section of the joint 64, which is essentially trapezoidal.
• the base of the trapezoid is formed by the line connecting the undersides of the hooking flanges 36, 38; the joint floor opposite this line is formed by the parallel section 50 of the second leg 34 and by the V-shaped elevation consisting of the sections 42 and 44 of the two legs.
• the sealing strip 62 seals the gap coinciding with the tip of the V-shaped joint floor elevation between the adjacent molded bodies 10 towards the top and fills the entire joint 64 to below the undersides of the interlocking flanges 36, 38 facing one another. If an elastic material is used for the sealing strip 62, the sealing strip 62 can have a trapezoidal profile which, when inserted into the joint 64, adapts to its cross section, in particular to the increase in the joint base. If a relatively rigid material is used for the sealing strip 62, this should have a V-shaped recess which is complementary to the joint bottom elevation. Under certain circumstances, it is expedient to form the sealing strip 62 in two parts, which is shown in FIGS. 2 to 4 is indicated by a dashed line 66 running vertically through the sealing strip.
• the cover layer 40 lies on the interlocking flanges 36, 38; depending on the design of the cover layer 40, this is hooked directly to the hooking flanges 36, 38.
• the interlocking flanges are coated with a sealing material (not shown in FIG. 1).
• This layer is shown in FIGS. with the Reference numeral 68 marked.
• the layer 68 covers the top and bottom of the hooking flanges 36, 38 and also lies on the sections 46 and 52 of the first and second legs 36 and 38. 2
• the cover layer 40 is designed as a metal (sheet) plate with fold edges 70. In the area of the folded edges 70, the metal ceiling plate is bent back by 180 °.
• the bent-back section of the folded edge covers the underside of the interlocking flanges up to the sealing material 68.
• the cover plate is connected to the shaped bodies 10 in a tensile and compressive manner.
• the top plate also has trapezoidal depressions 72 which are open at the top in the region of its fold edges 70 and which are provided in the top layer 40 for optical (interrupted outer wall) and for constructive (increased rigidity) reasons.
• the joint 64 is covered by a metal cover strip 74 which is connected to the cover layers 40 of two adjacent molded bodies 10 in a suitable manner, for example by gluing, riveting or screwing.
• This depression 54 is expediently arranged in the corner region between the side wall 26 and the top wall 22; the upper edge of the side wall 26 delimiting the recess 54 on one side thus runs below the hooking flange 38 delimiting the recess 54 on the other side.
• the recess 48 which is essentially symmetrical to the recess 54 (except for the parallel section 50) in the corner region
• a gap 64 is formed between the top wall 22 and the other side wall 24 in the case of molded bodies 10 lying next to one another, the opening of the gap between the mutually facing side walls 24, 26 of the two molded bodies 10 being below the joint opening. This gap opening can thus be reliably sealed off from the cover layer by the sealing strip 62 filling the joint 64.
• the formation of the V-shaped elevation on the joint floor which is formed by the two sections 42 and 44 of the legs 32 and 34, also has the advantage that moisture is prevented from penetrating into the gap between two composite elements and at sections 42 and 44 is derived.
• the sealing strip 62 prevents the formation of a cold bridge between the outside of the wall and the inside of the wall via the screw 18.
• FIGS. 3 and 4 the mutually facing regions of two interconnected composite elements are shown in cross section, in which the cover layer is fastened to clips inserted into the joint openings.
• the structure of a composite element is the same as that shown in FIGS. 1 and 2 described.
• a fastening clip 76 is inserted into the joint opening and consists of two metal strips 78 and 80 lying one above the other and connected to one another.
• the two metal strips 78 and 80 are e.g. riveted or welded.
• the ends of one metal strip 80 are cranked and run at a distance from the ends of the other metal strip 78.
• a fork 82 is formed at each of the two ends of the fastening clip 76, and the hooking flanges 36, 38 with the clip 76 located in the joint opening enclose the coatings 68 on both sides.
• the entire space below the mounting bracket 76 is filled with a sealing strip 85.
• the bracket 76 is by twisting in the in Figs. 3 and 4 brought position, in which it runs at right angles to the longitudinal extent of the composite elements.
• the forks 82 at the two ends of the clamp 76 enclose the hooking flanges 36 and 38 over the entire surface, so that transverse displacements of the clamp 76 within the joint opening are excluded.
• a plurality of fastening clips 76 are arranged at regular intervals along the joint 64.
• the metal strips 78 and 80 of the clamp 76 can be sheet metal strips; the clamp 76 can also be made of another material, such as plastic, in addition to metal. According to FIG.
• the cover layer consists of individual cover plates 83 provided with step folds, between which a cover strip 84 also made of the same material and having step fold edges is arranged.
• the cover strip 84 extends along the joints 64 and is fastened to the clamps 76 by means of screws 86.
• the overlapping step fold edges of the cover strip 84 and the cover plates 83 are connected to one another by means of screws 88.
• the step fold edges of the cover plates 83 lie partially on the interlocking flanges 36, 38 and the ends of the fastening clips 76.
• the type of fastening of the cover layer to the fastening clips described with reference to FIG. 3 is tensile and pressure-resistant, in particular independently of the adhesive fastening that is produced by the filling 14 resting on the cover plates 82.
• a flexible layer such as bitumen or plastic film can also be used as the cover layer.
• cover layers are used in particular in roof coverings consisting of the composite elements.
• the cover layer consists of individual flexible material webs 90 which are wider than the molded body housing 12 and overlap one another when the molded bodies are arranged next to one another.
• the flexible material web 90 (bitumen, plastic film) is connected to the molded body 10 by adhesion with the filling 14. Because of the flexible covering layer, a material should be used for the filling which does not have any noticeable "cupping", that is to say no raising and tensioning of the covering layer caused.
• a foam insulation material based on duromer-phenol can be considered as the material for the filling 14.
• the fastening clips 76 are inserted into the joint opening 64, on which the edge of one of the two overlapping flexible material webs 90 rests.
• This material web 90 is screwed to the clamp 76 by means of screws 92.
• the edge strip of the cover layer of the adjacent composite element lies on the material web strip screwed to the fastening clip 76.
• This edge strip extends to the interlocking flange 36 of the adjacent composite element.
• a material layer is arranged between the two overlapping bitumen or plastic film edge strips, via which the edge strips connect, for example when heated.
• a material should be used which is only slightly resilient or elastic, so that the overlapping edge portions of the flexible material webs 90 in the areas between the fastening clips 76 have a sufficient and dimensionally stable base.
• edge strip resting on the fastening clip 76 can also be screwed to the latter via standard mounting brackets, which is not shown in detail in FIG. 4.

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• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Architecture (AREA)
• Civil Engineering (AREA)
• Structural Engineering (AREA)
• Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
• Electromagnetism (AREA)
• Building Environments (AREA)

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Publications (1)

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ID=25953872

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Cited By (5)

Families Citing this family (1)

Citations (4)

Family Cites Families (14)

• 1989
  • 1989-07-18 DE DE8908704U patent/DE8908704U1/de not_active Expired
  • 1989-12-13 AU AU47595/90A patent/AU4759590A/en not_active Abandoned
  • 1989-12-13 WO PCT/EP1989/001527 patent/WO1990007037A1/de unknown

Patent Citations (4)

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