Classifications

• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
  • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
  • H02K23/00—DC commutator motors or generators having mechanical commutator; Universal AC/DC commutator motors
  • H02K23/02—DC commutator motors or generators having mechanical commutator; Universal AC/DC commutator motors characterised by arrangement for exciting
  • H02K23/16—DC commutator motors or generators having mechanical commutator; Universal AC/DC commutator motors characterised by arrangement for exciting having angularly adjustable excitation field, e.g. by pole reversing or pole switching
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
  • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
  • H02K23/00—DC commutator motors or generators having mechanical commutator; Universal AC/DC commutator motors
  • H02K23/40—DC commutator motors or generators having mechanical commutator; Universal AC/DC commutator motors characterised by the arrangement of the magnet circuits
  • H02K23/42—DC commutator motors or generators having mechanical commutator; Universal AC/DC commutator motors characterised by the arrangement of the magnet circuits having split poles, i.e. zones for varying reluctance by gaps in poles or by poles with different spacing of the air gap

Definitions

• the invention relates to commutator motors with a pole structure comprising a plurality of pole parts and with a stator or a multi-part field winding formed on a magnetic yoke part in which an armature rotates within.
• the usual commutator motor as it is designed as a universal motor, has one-piece pole fields. If a high degree of efficiency is required for such universal motors, the absorption power and good commutation, in relation to the size, are thereby limited. Different solutions for the division of the pole fields and the field winding have already been proposed in order to achieve improved commutation and speed control.
• DE-PS 235 o89 describes an arrangement for regulating and preventing sparks in electrical machines with pronounced two-part or multi-part poles.
• the magnetic windings are arranged one above the other so that their axes do not coincide.
• Such a device will certainly be advantageous in large-sized motors with regard to improved commutation, in which the speed can be regulated by the motor via the field winding at the same time.
• DE-PS 235 o89 In the case of commutator motors of small design with high power consumption and at a high speed, which are intended for a switchable right-left rotation, a device according to DE-PS 235 o89 is not used advantageously, since the arrangement of the pole parts of the Polfel ⁇ ern with the associated field winding, good commutation, for these high requirements, do not allow.
• DE-PS 164 617 an arrangement for accelerating the excitation of electrical machines is described, in which the time constant of the excitation winding is reduced, by dividing each pole into a plurality of common poles, each of which has the same number of turns as the original pole.
• DE-PS 164 617 has a pole-free space in the middle of the entire pole width.
• the invention has for its object to provide an improved pole structure for field excitation in commutator motors, which on the one hand a higher efficiency with the same power consumption and on the other hand a higher power consumption is achieved with the same high efficiency compared to the conventional commutator motors (universal motors ) with the same size.
• the invention is based on the object that the requirements listed apply only for one direction of rotation and for a switchable direction of rotation, as well as for a high speed spread which is switched via the field winding.
• Fig. 1 is a view of the pole pack for a commutator motor (universal motor) in the usual design.
• FIG. 2, 2 a and 2 b show a view of the pole pack with a two-part pole structure and a one-part field winding, for the commutator motor according to the invention.
• Fig. 3 is a view of the pole pack with a three-part
• Pole structure and a three-part field winding, for the commutator motor according to the invention. 4 shows a circuit diagram of the field winding with a three-part pole construction in clockwise-counterclockwise rotation, according to FIG. 3.
• Fig. 5 is a view of the pole pack with a two-part
• Pole structure and a multi-part field winding, for the commutator motor according to the invention. 6 shows a circuit diagram of a multi-part field winding for a two-part pole structure with a high power consumption spread, according to FIG. 5.
• Fig. 1 is a view of the pole packet 1 with the pole cores 2 of the field winding 3, as is usually used in series motors and in particular in universal motors without reversing poles and compensation winding.
• the circle 4 symbolizes the anchor in the figures and the direction of rotation is indicated by an arrow.
• the brushes are rotated from geometrically neutral zone 5 to the trailing edge, which increases the power consumption and thus the speed.
• each of the pole cores which previously consisted of a single piece, is now divided in terms of the pole width to the armature.
• the geometrically neutral zone 5 is located in the middle between the poles to the running and running edge.
• the pole structure has two pole parts, the one pole part 6, which is excited by the field winding 3 and is arranged towards the trailing edge, has at least a pole width of 1/4 of the armature circumference, but preferably more than 1/4 of the armature circumference, so that the center of the pole field 7 and the neutral zone 3 point from the anchor approximately to the center of the pole horns from the pole part 6.
• the other pole part 9 is arranged towards the leading edge. This pole part 9 is separated from the pole part 6 by an air gap 10 which is at least twice the width as the air gap to the armature.
• the distance from the pole part 6 at the trailing edge to the leading edge from the pole part 9, in the geometrically neutral zone, is at least the proportion of the armature which is covered by the brush width. If, for example, the anchor has twenty-two grooves and the collector has twenty-two webs and the brush width is two collector webs, then at least the distance from the pole part 6 to the pole part 9, in the geometrically neutral zone 5, should be two anchor teeth including slot slots.
• the brushes should preferably have approximately the width which corresponds to one and a half collector webs, as a result of which perfect commutation is achieved.
• the pole part 9 Fig. 2 can also be designed such that the pole face at the air gap 1o, the smallest distance from the armature and runs obliquely to the geometrically neutral zone 5 to the back yoke. Such an embodiment is shown in FIG. 2a, the pole part is designated 9 a here.
• the pole part 9, Fig. 2 can also be designed so that the pole face at the air gap 1o has the smallest distance from the armature and runs obliquely as a pole horn to the geometrically neutral zone 5 to the back yoke, the pole horn separated by the space 11a from the back yoke is.
• 2 b shows such an embodiment, the pole part is designated 9 b here.
• the highest power consumption is achieved when the brushes occupy such a position that the central axis 12 points from the center of the pole field 7 to the neutral zone 3, from the armature, exactly to the center of the pole core 13 from the pole part 6, FIG . 2.
• the field winding from the pole part 6 must be coordinated with the armature in such a way that perfect commutation is ensured.
• Practice has shown that the number of turns of the field winding is about 1/3 lower than that of a conventional universal motor.
• FIG. 2 The embodiment described in FIG. 2 is only suitable for one direction of rotation.
• FIG. 3 an embodiment for both directions of rotation is shown analogously to FIG. 2.
• the pole structure in FIG. 3 has three Pcl parts, with a further Pcl part 15 and 16 being assigned to the central pole part 14 from each side, which together with the central pole part form the total pole width, in this case the central pole part 14 has a pole width of 1/4 of the anicer circumference.
• the field winding is designed in several parts for a switchable right limit run, the field winding part 17 consisting of two winding parts, in which one winding part wraps around the central pole part 14 and the pole part 15 arranged on one side from the central pole part 14, the other winding part wraps around the central pole part 14, and the pole part 16 arranged on the other side of the central pole part 14,
• the winding parts of the field winding part 17 are invariably connected to one another and to the armature in series, and they have the same polarity to the geometric zone 5a as the armature transverse field. 4, the polarity is denoted by N and S.
• the main field is through the winding parts 18 u. 19 excited.
• the winding part 13 wraps around the central pole part 14 and the pole part 15 and the winding part 19 wraps around the central pole part 14 and the pole part 16.
• the winding parts 13 and 19 are connected to the network and are connected separately, being in series with the winding part 17 and the Anchor lie, Fig. 4. In the given one direction of rotation, the switch for the winding part 13 is closed and open for the winding part 19, and in the other direction of rotation the switch for the winding part 13 is open and closed for the winding part 19.
• the brushes in the geometric zone 5a and the distance of the pole horns from the pole parts 15 and 16 to one another, in the geometric zone 5a can be designed to be correspondingly large or small, depending on what power the engine is designed for.
• the field winding each consists of a winding part in which the field winding 18 wraps around the central pole part 14 and the pole part 15 in the given one direction of rotation, the brushes being one take such a position that the central axis 12, from the center 7 of the pole area to the neutral zone 3 of the amcer, is directed towards the center of the pole core from the width of the pole field, which is formed from the central pole part 14 and the pole part 15, so that the conclusion from the armature transverse field predominantly via the pole part 16, whereby the pole part 16 is excited by the armature transverse field, in the opposite direction of rotation, the pole parts 15 and 16 interchange their role in which, instead of the field winding 13, the field winding 19 is arranged and the central pole part 14 and the Loop part 16, the brushes assume the same position with respect to the central pole part 14 and the pole part 16 as to the central pole part 14 and the pole part 15.
• the one winding part, of the winding part 17 is arranged on the leading edge and has the same polarity as the field winding on the trailing edge. Edge in which this winding part wraps around the central pole part 14 and the pole part at the leading edge, here are the brushes and thus the pole field center 7 of the armature in the geometric zone 5 a. This arrangement improves commutation.
• the pole structure has two pole parts, the larger pole part 2o being arranged to the trailing edge and having at least a pole width of 1/4 of the armature circumference.
• the brushes assume the same position in relation to the pole part 2o as in FIG. 2, in relation to the pole part 6, so that the central axis 12 from the pole area 7 to the neutral zone 3 from the armature exactly to the center of the pole core from the pole part 2o, FIG. 5 , points.
• the field winding is designed in several parts, with the field winding part 21 wrapping around the pole part 20 and in the highest switching stage the winding part 21 is connected to the network, FIG. 6.
• the conclusion from the armature transverse field is predominantly via the pole part 22, whereby the pole part 22 is excited by the armature transverse field and assumes the same function in the highest switching stage as the pole part 9 in FIG. 2.
• the winding parts 23 and 24 are connected to the network, the winding part 23 wrapping around the pole part 20 and the winding part 24 wrapping around the pole part 22.
• the winding part 25 is connected to the network and the winding part 25 wraps around the pole part 22. All winding parts are connected in series with one another and with the armature, FIG. 6.

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• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Power Engineering (AREA)
• Dc Machiner (AREA)

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ID=25863845

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Citations (3)

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• 1988
  • 1988-12-20 DE DE19883842807 patent/DE3842807A1/de active Granted
• 1989
  • 1989-01-02 WO PCT/DE1989/000001 patent/WO1989006454A1/de unknown

Patent Citations (3)

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