Classifications

• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
  • C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
  • C07D207/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing five-membered rings not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom
  • C07D207/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing five-membered rings not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom with only hydrogen or carbon atoms directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom
  • C07D207/18—Heterocyclic compounds containing five-membered rings not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom with only hydrogen or carbon atoms directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom having one double bond between ring members or between a ring member and a non-ring member
  • C07D207/22—Heterocyclic compounds containing five-membered rings not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom with only hydrogen or carbon atoms directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom having one double bond between ring members or between a ring member and a non-ring member with hetero atoms or with carbon atoms having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most one bond to halogen, e.g. ester or nitrile radicals, directly attached to ring carbon atoms
  • C07D207/24—Oxygen or sulfur atoms
  • C07D207/26—2-Pyrrolidones
  • C07D207/263—2-Pyrrolidones with only hydrogen atoms or radicals containing only hydrogen and carbon atoms directly attached to other ring carbon atoms
  • C07D207/267—2-Pyrrolidones with only hydrogen atoms or radicals containing only hydrogen and carbon atoms directly attached to other ring carbon atoms with only hydrogen atoms or radicals containing only hydrogen and carbon atoms directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
  • A61P43/00—Drugs for specific purposes, not provided for in groups A61P1/00-A61P41/00
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
  • C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
  • C07D207/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing five-membered rings not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom
  • C07D207/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing five-membered rings not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom with only hydrogen or carbon atoms directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom
  • C07D207/18—Heterocyclic compounds containing five-membered rings not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom with only hydrogen or carbon atoms directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom having one double bond between ring members or between a ring member and a non-ring member
  • C07D207/22—Heterocyclic compounds containing five-membered rings not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom with only hydrogen or carbon atoms directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom having one double bond between ring members or between a ring member and a non-ring member with hetero atoms or with carbon atoms having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most one bond to halogen, e.g. ester or nitrile radicals, directly attached to ring carbon atoms
  • C07D207/24—Oxygen or sulfur atoms
  • C07D207/26—2-Pyrrolidones
  • C07D207/263—2-Pyrrolidones with only hydrogen atoms or radicals containing only hydrogen and carbon atoms directly attached to other ring carbon atoms
  • C07D207/27—2-Pyrrolidones with only hydrogen atoms or radicals containing only hydrogen and carbon atoms directly attached to other ring carbon atoms with substituted hydrocarbon radicals directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
  • C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
  • C07D211/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing hydrogenated pyridine rings, not condensed with other rings
  • C07D211/04—Heterocyclic compounds containing hydrogenated pyridine rings, not condensed with other rings with only hydrogen or carbon atoms directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom
  • C07D211/68—Heterocyclic compounds containing hydrogenated pyridine rings, not condensed with other rings with only hydrogen or carbon atoms directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom having one double bond between ring members or between a ring member and a non-ring member
  • C07D211/72—Heterocyclic compounds containing hydrogenated pyridine rings, not condensed with other rings with only hydrogen or carbon atoms directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom having one double bond between ring members or between a ring member and a non-ring member with hetero atoms or with carbon atoms having three bonds to hetero atoms, with at the most one bond to halogen, directly attached to ring carbon atoms
  • C07D211/74—Oxygen atoms
  • C07D211/76—Oxygen atoms attached in position 2 or 6
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
  • C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
  • C07D223/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing seven-membered rings having one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom
  • C07D223/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing seven-membered rings having one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom not condensed with other rings
  • C07D223/06—Heterocyclic compounds containing seven-membered rings having one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom not condensed with other rings with hetero atoms or with carbon atoms having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most one bond to halogen, e.g. ester or nitrile radicals, directly attached to ring carbon atoms
  • C07D223/08—Oxygen atoms
  • C07D223/10—Oxygen atoms attached in position 2
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
  • C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
  • C07D263/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,3-oxazole or hydrogenated 1,3-oxazole rings
  • C07D263/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,3-oxazole or hydrogenated 1,3-oxazole rings not condensed with other rings
  • C07D263/08—Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,3-oxazole or hydrogenated 1,3-oxazole rings not condensed with other rings having one double bond between ring members or between a ring member and a non-ring member
  • C07D263/16—Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,3-oxazole or hydrogenated 1,3-oxazole rings not condensed with other rings having one double bond between ring members or between a ring member and a non-ring member with hetero atoms or with carbon atoms having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most one bond to halogen, e.g. ester or nitrile radicals, directly attached to ring carbon atoms
  • C07D263/18—Oxygen atoms
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
  • C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
  • C07D265/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings having one nitrogen atom and one oxygen atom as the only ring hetero atoms
  • C07D265/28—1,4-Oxazines; Hydrogenated 1,4-oxazines
  • C07D265/30—1,4-Oxazines; Hydrogenated 1,4-oxazines not condensed with other rings
  • C07D265/32—1,4-Oxazines; Hydrogenated 1,4-oxazines not condensed with other rings with oxygen atoms directly attached to ring carbon atoms
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
  • C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
  • C07D277/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,3-thiazole or hydrogenated 1,3-thiazole rings
  • C07D277/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,3-thiazole or hydrogenated 1,3-thiazole rings not condensed with other rings
  • C07D277/08—Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,3-thiazole or hydrogenated 1,3-thiazole rings not condensed with other rings having one double bond between ring members or between a ring member and a non-ring member
  • C07D277/12—Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,3-thiazole or hydrogenated 1,3-thiazole rings not condensed with other rings having one double bond between ring members or between a ring member and a non-ring member with hetero atoms or with carbon atoms having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most one bond to halogen, e.g. ester or nitrile radicals, directly attached to ring carbon atoms
  • C07D277/14—Oxygen atoms
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
  • C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
  • C07D279/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings having one nitrogen atom and one sulfur atom as the only ring hetero atoms
  • C07D279/10—1,4-Thiazines; Hydrogenated 1,4-thiazines
  • C07D279/12—1,4-Thiazines; Hydrogenated 1,4-thiazines not condensed with other rings
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
  • C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
  • C07D281/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing rings of more than six members having one nitrogen atom and one sulfur atom as the only ring hetero atoms
  • C07D281/02—Seven-membered rings
  • C07D281/04—Seven-membered rings having the hetero atoms in positions 1 and 4
  • C07D281/06—Seven-membered rings having the hetero atoms in positions 1 and 4 not condensed with other rings

Definitions

• This invention relates to azacycloalkane derivatives which increase medicines in permeability and penetrability and have low irritative actions on live body membranes and low systemic toxicities and also to absorption promoters containing said derivative as the effective ingredient.
• the compounds, azacycloalkanes, of this invention are useful in not only medicines but also cosmetics, agricultural chemicals, insecticides and the like which are other than medicines, as an agent for promoting the permeation of medicines.
• Absorption promoters which have now been known, include organic solvents such as dimethylsulfoxide, dimethylacetamide and pyrrolidone, 1-n-dodecylazacycloheptane-2-one (Azone) and the like described in Japanese Patent Appln.
• Laid-Open Gazette 52-1035 and N-(2-hydroxyethyl) pyrrolidone and the like described in Japanese Patent Applns.
• absorption-promoting agents which fully increase the permeability, penetrability and absorbability of medicines through live body membranes such as skins, exhibit satisfactory pharmacological effects when used in a practical concentration, have themselves low topical and systemic toxicities and are highly useful and safe.
• the present inventors made intensive studies in attempts to develop compounds which are highly safe and have more excellent absorption-promoting actions in a practical concentration than those of the heretofore known dimethylsulfoxide and azacycloalkane derivatives and, as the result of their studies, they found that the desired compounds are azacycloalkane derivatives wherein one or two ether bonds, thioether bonds or amino bonds are substituted at the N-position, or azacycloalkane derivatives wherein one methylene chain is substituted by an oxygen atom or a sulfur atom. These desired compounds are fully suitable for the purpose of this invention and are the very compounds of this invention.
• This invention relates to specific azacycloalkane derivatives and also to absorption-promoting agents containing as the effective ingredient at least one compound selected from said specific azacycloalkane derivatives represented by the following formula (I):
• A is -CH 2 -, -S- or -O-
• B is sulfur or oxygen
• R is -SR" or -OR" (in which R" is an alkyl group, alkylthioalkyl group, alkyloxyalkyl group, substituted amino- alkyl group, phenyl group, substituted phenyl group, benzoyl group, substituted benzoyl group or heterocyclic group), an alkyl group or substituted amino group
• R' is a hydrogen atom, alkyl group, alkyloxy group, acyloxy group, alkylthio group, hydroxyl group, carboxylic group or alkyloxycarbonyl group having 1-12 carbon atoms
• m is an integer of 0-5 and n is an integer of 1-15 with the proviso that R does not contain an alkyl group.
• the alkyl group represented by the symbol R is a straight-chain or branched-chain alkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms such as methyl, ethyl, propyl, butyl, pentyl, hexyl, heptyl, octyl, nonyl, decyl, undecyl, dodecyl, tridecyl, tetradecyl, pentadecyl, hexadecyl, heptadecyl, octadecyl, nonadecyl or eicosyl group.
• R is (1) -NH-R 1 wherein R 1 means an alkyl group of
• R 1 and R 2 each mean an alkyl group of 1 to 20 carbon atoms, (3) a cyclic amino group such as pyrrolidino, piperidino, morpholino, piperadino or wherein R 3 means a low alkyl group, low alkyl group substituted by hydroxyl group, benzyl group or a substituted benzyl group (e.g.
• the substituent includes a low alkyl group, low alcoxy group, hydroxyl group, a halogen atom, trifluoromethyl group, nitro group, amino group, carboxyl group or an ester thereof) or (4) -NH-R 4 wherein R 4 includes phenyl group, benzoyl group, a substituted phenyl group, a substituted benzoyl group (e.g. the substituent includes a low alkyl group, low alcoxy group, hydroxyl group, a halogen atom, trifluoromethyl group, nitro group, amino group, carboxyl group or an ester thereof) or a heterocyclic group (e.g.
• the alkyl group represented by the symbol R' is an alkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, an alkyloxy group including methoxy, ethoxy, propoxy, butoxy, pentyloxy, hexyloxy, heptyloxy, octyloxy, nonyloxy, decyloxy, undecyloxy, dodecyloxy, tridecyloxy, tetradecyloxy, pentadecyloxy, hexadecyloxy, heptadecyloxy, octadecyloxy, nonadecyloxy or eicosyloxy group, an alkylthio group including methylthio, ethylthio, propylthio, butylthio, pentylthio, hexylthio, heptylthio, octylthio, nonylthio, decylthio, undecyl
• the alkyl group represented by the symbol R" is an alkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms
• an alkyl substituent in the alkylthioalkyl, alkyloxyalkyl or substituted aminoalkyl group means an alkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms as mentioned above.
• An amino substituent in the substituted aminoalkyl group means the substituted amino group in the R as mentioned above.
• the substituted phenyl or substituted benzoyl group includes phenyl or benzoyl group having 1 to 3 substituents in any part wherein the substituent includes a halogen atom such as fluorine, chlorine, bromine or iodine atom; a low alcoxy group such as methoxy, ethoxy, propoxy or butoxy group; a low alkyl group such as methyl, ethyl, propyl, butyl, pentyl or hexyl group; hydroxy group; trifluoromethyl group; an acyloxy group; nitro group; an amino group; a carboxyl group; an alkyloxycarbonyl group having 1 to 12 carbon atoms as mentioned above.
• a halogen atom such as fluorine, chlorine, bromine or iodine atom
• a low alcoxy group such as methoxy, ethoxy, propoxy or butoxy group
• a low alkyl group such as methyl, e
• the heterocyclic group includes pyridyl, thiophene, furan, thiazol, isothiazol, isooxazol, pyrazol, pyrazine, pyran, pyrrole or pyridazine.
• the compounds of this invention may be prepared in a goad yield by the following methods or even by other known methods.
• M is alkali metal ion
• X is a halogen atom, mesyl group or tosyl group
• R is -SR" (in which R" is as previously defined) or substituted amino group
• R', A, B, m and n are respectively as previously defined.
• a compound (II) is treated at a temperature of 0-300°C, preferably 0-100°C for about 0.5-20 hours, within or without a nitrogen gas atmosphere in a solvent which does not participate the reaction (such as benzene, toluene, tetrahydrofuran, methanol, ethanol, dimethylformamide or dimethylsulfoxide) and in the presence of either an alkali catalyst such as a sodium alcoholate or sodium hydride, or an interlayer transfer catalyst such as tetra-n-butylammonium hydrogen sulfate , thereby to produce a compound (III).
• a solvent which does not participate the reaction such as benzene, toluene, tetrahydrofuran, methanol, ethanol, dimethylformamide or dimethylsulfoxide
• an alkali catalyst such as a sodium alcoholate or sodium hydride
• an interlayer transfer catalyst such as tetra-n-butylammonium hydrogen sulf
• the compound (III) is incorporated with a dihalogenoalkane in an excessive molar ratio to synthesize a compound (IV).
• the thus synthesized compound (IV) is then treated with a thiol or amine at a temperature of 0-300oC, preferably 0-100°C, for about 0.5 hours to abou t 3 days within or without a nitrogen gas atmosphere, in an inert solvent (such as benzene, toluene, tetrahydrofuran, methanol, ethanol, dimethylformamide or dimethylsulfoxide) which does not participate the reaction and in the presence of a known dehalogenating agent (such as 1,5-diazabicyclo-[4,3,0] nonene-5 (DBN) or 1,8-diazabicyclo[5,4,0] undecene-7(DBU)), thereby to obtain an end compound (I).
• a known dehalogenating agent such as 1,5-diazabicyclo-[4,3,0] non
• R is -SR" (R" is as previously defined ; n means an integer of from 2 to 15), and R',
• the compound (V) is treated with a thiol at a temperature of 0-150°C for 2-18 hours within or without a nitrogen gas atmosphere in an inert solvent (such as benzene, toluene or xylene) which does not pa r tic ipa te the reaction and in the presence of a known radical polymerization initiator (such as benzoyl peroxide or azobisisobutyroni trile), thereby to obtain the end compound (I).
• an inert solvent such as benzene, toluene or xylene
• a known radical polymerization initiator such as benzoyl peroxide or azobisisobutyroni trile
• the intermediate compound (IV) as synthesized by means of Preparation 1 is treated with an alcohol at a temperature of 0-300°C, preferably 0-100°C for about 2 - about 10 hours in an alcoholic solvent or a solvent (such as benzene, toluene, dimethylformamide or dimethylsulfoxide) which does not participate the reaction and in the presence of an alkali catalyst (such as a sodium alcoholate, sodium hydride or potassium hydride), thereby to obtain the end compound (I).
• an alcohol at a temperature of 0-300°C, preferably 0-100°C for about 2 - about 10 hours
• an alcoholic solvent or a solvent such as benzene, toluene, dimethylformamide or dimethylsulfoxide
• an alkali catalyst such as a sodium alcoholate, sodium hydride or potassium hydride
• the cyclic compound (II) is treated at a temperature of 0-300°C, preferably 0-100°C for about 0.5 - about 20 hours within or without a nitrogen gas atmosphere in a solvent (such as benzene, toluene, tetrahydrofuran, methanol, ethanol, dimethylformamide or dimethylsulfoxide) which does not participate the reaction and in the presence of an alkali catalyst such as either a sodium alcoholate or sodium hydride, or an interlayer transfer catalyst such as tetra-n- butylammonium hydrogen sulfate, thereby to produce the compound (III) which is then treated with an alkyl halide to obtain the end compound (I).
• a solvent such as benzene, toluene, tetrahydrofuran, methanol, ethanol, dimethylformamide or dimethylsulfoxide
• the end compound (I) may be obtained in a good yield in accordance with a conventional method for alkylating at the N position.
• the medicines used together with the compounds of this invention are those which have such low permeability or penetrability through l i ve body membranes as to need a promoting agent. They include antibiotics, chemotherapeutic agents, bacteriostatic agents, antimicrobials, disinfectants, antifungal agents, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agents, steroidal anti-inflammatory agents, carcinostatic agents, psychotropic drugs, local anesthetics, antiperkinsonian drugs, sex hormone drugs, anti-sudorific agents, sunscreens, antiallergic agents, antiarrhythmic agents, hypotensive agents, vasodilators, capillary stabilizers, skeletal muscle relaxants, antiemetics, anti- psoriatic drugs, skin softeners, emollients, prostaglandins, liposoluble vitamines, enzymes, peptide hormones, anti- diabetic drugs, insect repellents, insecticides and agricultural chemicals. Examples of these medicines which may be used in this invention are as follows. 1. Antibiotics,
• This pharmaceutical agent includes penicillin type antibiotics such as penicillin G, penicillin V, methicillin, oxacillin, cloxacillin, ampicillin, hetacillin, ciclacillin, amoxicillin, carbenicillin and sulbenicillin; cefalospollin type antibiotics such as cefaloridine, cefalotin, cefazolin, cefaloglycin and cefalexin; aminoglycocid type antibiotics such as streptmycin, kanamycin, dibekacin, gentamicin and fradiomycin; tetracycline type antibiotics such as oxytetracycline, tetracycline and dimethylchlortetracycline, doxycycline and minocycline; macrol ide type antibiotics such as erythromycin, leucomycin and josamycin; lincomycin type antibiotics such as lincomycin, clindamycin and lincomycin; and the others such as chloram
• This pharmaceutical agent includes sul famides for external use such as mafenide acetate, sulfadiazine, sulfadiazine silver, sul f ame tho xazo le sodium, sulfisomidine, sulfisomidine sodium or nal idix ic acid.
• sul famides for external use such as mafenide acetate, sulfadiazine, sulfadiazine silver, sul f ame tho xazo le sodium, sulfisomidine, sulfisomidine sodium or nal idix ic acid.
• This pharmaceutical agent includes iodine, povidone iodine, diiodohydro xy propane, benzalkonium chloride, benzethonium chloride, methylrosanilinium chloride, hexachlorophene, chlorohexaidine or benzoyl-peroxide tolnaftate.
• This pharmaceutical agent includes naphthiomate, clotrimazole, griseofulvin, siccanin, trichomycin, nystatin, pyrrolnitrin, exalamide, coloconazole hydrochloride, isoconazole nitrate, econazole nitrate, oxiconazole nitrate, sulconazole nitrate, miconazol, tioconazol, tolciclate, variotin, haloprogin, phenyl 11-iodo-10-undecynoate, bifonazole, naftifin, ketoconazole or cyclopirox olamin.
• This pharmaceutical agent includes salicylic acid, aspirin, acetaminophen, amino pyrine, antipyrine, oxyphen butazon, sulpyrine, indomethacin, diclofenac sodium, ibuprofen, sulindac, naproxen, ketoprofen, etofenamate, salicylamide, triethanolaminesalicylate, flufenamic acid, meclofenamic acid, colchicine, bufexamac, allopurinol, oxipurinol, ibufenac, fenbufen, diflunisal, alclofenac, phenylbutazone, mefenamic acid, fenoprofen, bendazac, piroxicam or flurbiprofen.
• This pharmaceutical agent includes amcinonide, prednisolone acetate valerate, diflucortolone valerate, betamethasone valerate, betamethasone acetate, dexamethasone acetate, betamethasone dipropionate, dexamethasone, triamcinolone acetonide, hydrocortisone, flumethasone pivalate, fluocinonide, fluocinolone acetonide, fluorometholone, fludroxycortide, prednisolone, clobetasol propionate, beclomethasone propionate, betiamethasone, methyl prednisolone, methylprednisolone acetate or hydrocortisone butyrate.
• This pharmaceutical agent includes 5-fluorouracil, 6-mercaptopurin, methotrexate, bleomycin, mitomycin C, adriamycin, carboquone, actinomycin C, daunorobicin, neocarzinostatin, chromomycin A, L-asparaqinase, picibanil, vinblastine and vincristine.
• This pharmaceutical agent includes chlorpromazine, chlordiazepoxide, reserpine, etizolam, oxazolam, mexazolam or haloxazolam.
• This pharmaceutical agent includes benzocaine, procaine, propoxycaine, dibucaine, lidocaine, mepivacaine, bupivacaine or tetracaine.
• This pharmaceutical agent includes L-dopa or chlorzoxazone. 11. Sex hormone drug
• This pharmaceutical agent includes estrogen, androgen, estradiol, testosterone or progesterone.
• This pharmaceutical agent Includes propantheline bromide, scopolamine or acyloxymethylammonium salt.
• This pharmaceutical agent includes p-aminobenzoic acid or p-dimethylamino benzoic acid.
• Antiallergic agent This pharmaceutical agent includes sodium cromoglicate or ketotifen.
• This pharmaceutical agent includes acebutolol, alprenolol, indenolol, carteolol, bucumolol, bufetolol, bupranolol, propranolol or pindolol.
• This pharmaceutical agent includes reserpine, rescinnamine, rauwolfia alkaloid, clonidine, prazosin, dihydroergotoxine mesylate, meticrane, methyldopa, guanethidine or betanidine.
• This pharmaceutical agent includes efloxate, etafenone, oxyfedrine, carbocromen, dilazep, diltiazem, trimetazidine, pentaerythrityl tetranitrate, dipyridamole, isosorbide dinitrate, trapidil, nitroglycerine, nifedipine, prenylamine, molsidomine, trolnitrate, inositol hexanicotinate, isoxsuprine, nylidrin nicametate, cyclandelate, cinnarizine, nicotinyl alcohol or hepronicate.
• This pharmaceutical agent includes rutin.
• This pharmaceutical agent includes diazepam.
• This pharmaceutical agent includes chlorpromazine,
• This pharmaceutical agent includes methoxsalen.
• This pharmaceutical agent includes hydroquinone, urea, heparin or chondroitin sulfate. 23. Prostaqlandin
• This pharmaceutical agent includes prostaglandin F 2 , prostacyclin, prostaglandin E 1 , prostaglandin E 2 , 7-thiaprostaglandin E 1 , 16,17,18,19,20-pentanol-15-cyclohexyl-7-thiaprostaglandin E 1 , 16,17,18,19,20- pentanol-15-cyclopenty1-7-thiaprostaglandin E 1 , 16,16-dimethyl-7-thiaprostaglandin E1 , 17,20-dimethyl-7-thiaprostaglandin E 1 , 16,17,18,19,20-pentanol-15-cyclohexyl- ⁇ 2 -7-thiaprostaglandin E 1 , 16,16-dimethyl- ⁇ 2 -prostaglandin E 1 , 7-fluoroprostacyclin, 5-fluoroprostacyclin,
• the water soluble vitamins include vitamin B 1, vitamin B 2 , vitamin B 6 , nicotinic acid, nicotin amide, pantothenic acid, biotin, vitamin B 12 , vitamin C, lipoic acid and inositol.
• the fat soluble vitamins include vitamin A, vitamin D, vitamin D 2 , vitamin D 3 , vitamin E, vitamin K 1 , vitamin K 2 , ubiquinone, vitamin F, 1 ⁇ , 25-dihydroxy cholecalciferol, 1,25-dihydroxy vitamin D 3 , 1 ⁇ -hydroxy vitamin D 3 , 1,24-dihydroxy vitamin D 3 , 24, 25-dihydroxy vitamin, 1 ⁇ , 25-dihydroxy vitamin D 3 -26,23-lactone and 25-hydroxy vitamin D 3 -26,23-lactone. 25. Enzyme preparation
• This pharmaceutical agent includes trypsin, papain, protease, lysozyme, streptokinase, plasmin, urokinase, hyaluronidase, ⁇ -chymotrypsin, serratiopeptidase, bromelain or semialkalipeptidase. 26. Peptide hormone
• This pharmaceutical agent includes insulin, angiotensin, vasopressin, felypressin, protirelin, gonadotropin hormone, corticotropin, prolactin, somatoropin, thyrotropin, luteinizing hormone, calcitonin, kallikrein, glucagon, oxytocin, gastrin or secretin.
• This pharmaceutical agent includes glibenclamide or gliclazide.
• the compounds of this invention for use as an absorption promoting agent may be added to the aforementioned medicines in any desired amounts, but they may preferably be added a sa fe and effective amount of 0.001 to 25 % , more preferably 0.01 to 20% of the entire composition.
• the absorption promoting agent of this invention and the medicine may be mixed and formed into suppository, plaster, tape, cataplasms, paste, ointment, gel, cream, lotion, liniment, dry syrup, aerosol, tablet, granular or filmy form for use as an external medicine for application to skins, hair or nails or for use as a preparation for application to other live body membranes or the like, the preparation including an orally administered drug, suppository, palatally administered drug, vaginally administered drug, nasally administered drug or eye lotion.
• said mixture or composition Prior to being formed, said mixture or composition may be incorporated with other ingredients depending on the form of a drug to be obtained.
• the composition in a case where the composition is formed into an ointment, it may previously be incorporated with bee wax, a vegetable oil, lanolin, boric acid, white vaseline (Vaseline) and/or the like.
• the composition When the composition is to be used as a cream agent, it may be incorporated with an oil and fat, wax, higher fatty acid, higher alcohol and/or the like.
• the composition In the preparation of a lotion from the composition, the composition may be incorporated with ethanol, glycerine, butylene glycol and/or the like.
• the composition may usually be incorporated with ethanol, purified water, glycol and/or the like.
• the composition may be incorporated with traganth, acacia gum, sodium alginate, gelatin, methylcellulose, CMC and/or the like.
• the composition may be incorporated with cacao butter, palm oil, coconut oil, Vaseline and/or the like.
• the composition may be incorporated with methylcellulose, hydroxypropylcellulose, hydroxypropylmethylcellulose, crystalline cellulose, starch and/or the like which are usually used as a base.
• the composition may also be hydroxypropylcellulose, methylcellulose, polyvinylpyrrolidone, polyvinyl alcohol and/or the like .
• the thus incorporated compositions containing a pharmaceutical base, the absorption promoting agent of this invention and the medicine may be produced by a conventionally used known method.
• the final distillation was effected using a rotary glass-tube oven GTO-250R produced by Shibata Kagaku Kikai K.K. (Shibata Chemical Apparatus Co., Ltd.), Japan.
• the temperature and pressure at which such distillation was effected are hereinafter expressed in "column temperature" for convenience' sake.
• the colorless compound so obtained had the following appearance, column temperature and analysis: Appearance: Colorless transparent oil Column temp.: 122-127°C/0.2 mmHg Analysis: C 15 H 29 NOS
• 1,5-dibromopentane were added to a solution of 1.06 g of 50% sodium hydride in toluene, heated to 100°C for 3 hours, washed with water, dried, freed from the solvent by distillation off at reduced pressure and then further distilled to obtain an oily substance.
• a mixture of the thus obtained oily substance and 2.70 g of sodium salt of azacycloheptane-2-one was heated to 100°C in toluene solvent for 5 hours, washed with water, dried and freed from the solvent by distillation off at reduced pressure and then finally distilled to obtain 4.90 g of colorless
• test solution having the following formulation:
• test hydrophylic ointment having the following formulation: wt.% Indomethacin 1.0
• the activity of the compound of this invention was evaluated by means of a diffusion cell method in the same manner as in Example 135 except that the above test ointment was substituted for the test solution.
• test gel ointment having the following formulation : wt . %
• test cream having the following formulation : wt.%
• test macrogol ointment having the following formulation: wt.% Disodium cromoglycate 1.0
• test solution having the following formulation: wt.%
• test solutions pindolol-containing preparations
• Activity Serum concentration of pindolol in control group
• the use of the compound of this invention in the test solution exhibited a remarkable increase in percutaneous absorption of pindolol as compared with the control and also indicated a satisfactory promoting action on the absorption of pindolol as compared with the comparative compound.
• the dorsal skin portions to which the test solution containing the compound of this invention was applied were not appreciated to form thereon anything unusual such as erythema or edema.
• Example 13 The activity of the present invention was evaluated by a diffusion cell method in the same manner as in Example 135 except that the above test solution was substituted for the test solution used in Example 135. The results are as shown in Table 6.
• Example 143 the compound of this invention added exhibited a remarkable promoting effect on the penetration of pindolol as compared with the control and also indicated a satisfactory activity as compared with the comparative compound.
• Example 143 the compound of this invention added exhibited a remarkable promoting effect on the penetration of pindolol as compared with the control and also indicated a satisfactory activity as compared with the comparative compound.
• test acryl tape having the following formulation: weight (g)
• the activity of this invention was evaluated by means of a diffusion cell method in the same manner as in Example 135 except that the tape at the size of 0.785 cm 2
• control solutions A and B and the test solution indicated in the above Table 8 were applied to the dorsal skins, shorn by an electric clipper or shaver, of the rats of one group in an amount of 175 ⁇ l/2.5 x 2.5 cm 2 and then sealed up. Three hours after sealing up, 1.5 ml of 20% glucose was subcutaneously injected into said rats. Two hours after the glucose injection, the blood of the rats was collected and measured for glucose level in blood.
• control group A the blood of rats of one group which had been subjected only to 24 hours' abstinence from food
• control group B the control solution B
• test group the test group
• control group B glibenclamide used alone
• thr test group compound of this invention used
• the compound of this invention was appreciated to be more excellent in absorption-promoting action than Azone used as the comparative compound.
• test emulsion having the following formulation: w t . %
• the activity of invention was evaluated by means of a diffusion cell method in the same manner as in Example 135 except that the above test solution was substituted for the test solution used in Example 135.
• Activity Amount of 5-FU permeated for 48 hrs in control group
• test solution having the following formulation: wt.%
• test lotion having the following formulation: wt.%.
• P - Aminobenzoic acid 1.0 Cetyl alcohol 15.0 Propylene glycol 10.0 Sodium laurate 15.0 Purified water 50.0
• test solution having the following formulation: wt.% Drug shown in Table 12 1.0
• the activity of invention was evaluated by means of a diffusion cell method in the same manner as in Example 135 except that the above test solution was substituted for the test solution used in Example 135 and that the amounts of various drugs penetrated through the skin barrior were measured by using standard analytical techniques.
• Example 150 As is seen from Table 12, the use of the compound of this invention exhibited a remarkable increase in the penetration of various drugs.
• Example 150
• Insulin Bovine, International Unit
• Witepsol H-15 (%) 100 100 97
• the three suppositories were into the rectums of the rabbit groups in an amount of 0.3 g suppository/kg, respectively. Thereafter, blood was collected from the rabbits through their ear vein three times with the lapse of time to measure the three collected blood samples for glucose level in blood by a glucose oxidase method. For comparison, the above procedure was followed except that Azone was substituted for the compound of Example 12. The results are indicated in terms of a change in glucose level in blood with respect to the glucose level in blood prior to the administration of the suppositories.
• Test group -30 -29 -22 (Compound of Example 12)
• Azone group -4 +2 +1 As is seen from Table 14, the control group (only insulin used) exhibited no effects on glucose level in blood as compared with the normal group. On the other hand, the test group (compound of this invention used) exhibited a remarkable hypoglycemic activity in blood and, in addition, did not exhibit any irritative symptoms at the mucous membrane of the rectum portion to which the suppository was inserted.
• Example 151
• Example 151 The same procedure of Example 151 was followed except that the above suppositories were used and that 3 or 4 rabbits were used in each group.
• test tablet having the following formulation: wt.% Chloramphenicol 5.0
• Example 155 As shown in above results, when the compound of the present invention was added to the composition used as a drug, the absorption or penetration of active component through skin or mucosal membrane was extremely enhanced.
• Example 155 As shown in above results, when the compound of the present invention was added to the composition used as a drug, the absorption or penetration of active component through skin or mucosal membrane was extremely enhanced.
• a primary skin irritation test was made on skins using rabbits as the subjects. More particularly, an adhesive plaster for use in batch tests, to which 100 ⁇ l of a 3% test solution of each of the compounds of Examples 12, 37, 57 and 73 of this invention in 100 ml of polyethylene glycol 300 had dropwise been applied, was applied to the hair-shorn dorsal skin of three Japanese-native rabbits weighing 2.5 to 3.0 kg each and then sealed up on the dorsal skin for 24 hours. The rabbits were evaluated three times for their dorsal skin irritative reaction 24, 48 and 72 hours after removal of the plaster by using a method in accordance with the Draize's method.
• the compounds of this invention hardly exhibited any irritating actions on the skins as in the case of the control, and the comparative compound Azone, however, exhibited moderate -grade irritating actions over a period of time of at least 72 hours.
• Example 156 As to whether the compounds of this invention have systemic toxicity, tests were made using rats to find whether the compounds would exert acute toxicity on the rats when they were orally or subcutaneously administered. More particularly, there were provided groups each consisting of 4-5 Wistar-strain male rats weighing 100-120 g each, and the compounds of this invention were administered to the groups so provided, respectively, one rat being administered in an amount of 0.5 ml/100 g. For one week after the administration, the rats of the groups were observed to know their general symptoms, change in weight and mortality. For comparison, the above procedure was repeated using comparative compound instead of the compounds of this invention. The results are as indicated in terms of LD 50 in the following Table 19.
• the compounds of this invention did not cause unusual symptoms on the rats and death thereof after they had been orally or subcutaneously administered to the rats.
• the compounds of this invention have powerful actions on the permeation and absorption of medicines through live body membranes, particularly skins as well as the membranes of rectums, noses, mouths, vaginas or the like.
• the actions are effective for a wide variety of medicines or are enhancing pharmacological effects.
• the compounds of this invention may be used together with a variety of bases and in various medicinal forms.
• Azacycloalkane derivatives of this invention are compounds having a novel structure which were synthesized by the present inventors. They have powerful actions on the promotion of permeation and absorption of medicines through live body skins substantially without topical and systemic toxicities and consequently with high safety.
• compositions containing a compound of this invention together with a medicine are very useful both as a topical medicine which is expected to exert pharmacological actions at the skin, nose, mouth, rectum, vagina or the like where the composition is administered and as a systemic medicine which is expected to exert pharmacological actions throughout the whole body.
• Priority Country JP 8-1, Toranomon 2-chome, Minato-ku, Tokyo (JP).
• JP/JP ITSU PHARMACEUTICAL CO., INC.
• 408 (81) Designated States: AU, BR, KR, SU, US. Tashirodaikan-machi, Tosu-shi, Saga-ken 841 (JP).
• An azacycloalkane derivative useful for promoting the absorption of a medicine an absorption promoting ag comprising at least one of the azacycloalkane derivatives as the effective ingredient for promoting the absorption and external preparation containing the absorption promoting agent, the derivative being represented by formula (I), wher A is -CH 2 - or -S- for example, B is sulfur or oxygen, R is -SR" in which R" is an alkyl group or alkylthioalkyl group example, or -OR” in which R" is as defined above, an alkyl group or substituted amino group, R' is a hydrogen atom, al group or alkyloxy group for example, m is an integer of 0-5 and n is an integer of 1-15.

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• 1986
  • 1986-04-08 JP JP61079174A patent/JPH0643390B2/ja not_active Expired - Lifetime
• 1987
  • 1987-02-07 DE DE8787200183T patent/DE3782182T2/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
  • 1987-02-07 AT AT87200183T patent/ATE81505T1/de not_active IP Right Cessation
  • 1987-02-07 ES ES198787200183T patent/ES2046196T3/es not_active Expired - Lifetime
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  • 1987-02-10 KR KR1019870701153A patent/KR910000164B1/ko not_active Expired
  • 1987-02-10 WO PCT/JP1987/000086 patent/WO1987006226A2/en not_active Ceased
  • 1987-02-10 CA CA000529377A patent/CA1336597C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
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• 1989
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• 1993
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