Classifications

• • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
  • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
  • E02B—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING
  • E02B3/00—Engineering works in connection with control or use of streams, rivers, coasts, or other marine sites; Sealings or joints for engineering works in general
  • E02B3/04—Structures or apparatus for, or methods of, protecting banks, coasts, or harbours
  • E02B3/12—Revetment of banks, dams, watercourses, or the like, e.g. the sea-floor
  • E02B3/122—Flexible prefabricated covering elements, e.g. mats, strips
  • E02B3/127—Flexible prefabricated covering elements, e.g. mats, strips bags filled at the side

Definitions

• the invention relates to a formwork casing for producing concrete slabs, consisting of a double fabric, the lower and upper fabrics of which are woven together at the edges of the casing and in which the upper fabric is parallel to the • edges in the warp and weft directions running connecting lines to form a plurality of rectangular or square chambers in plan view is connected to the lower fabric, each chamber being assigned spacers which limit the bulging of the shell walls and the chambers are connected to at least one filling opening for the concrete.
• Formwork casings of this type are known from DT-PSs 16 34 382 and 16 34 394. With the help of these formwork casings, concrete slabs can be produced which are composed of several rectangular or square single slabs largely separated from one another by joints or channels , which are still connected to each other via concrete walkways. The connecting concrete webs are created when the formwork envelope is filled in the openings the connecting lines separating the chambers. The concrete slabs produced with the formwork shells are used to protect embankments and soles, canals, rivers, and also to protect dikes, planks, jetties on the coast, lake shores and the like.
• the concrete slab on the concrete webs breaks along the rectilinear joints or gutters formed by the connecting lines of the formwork cover, and the fragments in the form of rectangular or square slabs can follow the ground movement.
• the formwork casing has not rotted or has been weakened or destroyed by UV radiation, aging or other reasons, the fragments of the concrete slab remain in a closed bond.
• Formwork casings of the type in question are made of a material which after a few years is so weakened that they can no longer hold the fragments of the concrete slab together. The fragments can then * migrate so that wide joints appear in the revetment and the bank or canal embankment is no longer adequately protected.
• the object of the present invention is to provide a formwork envelope in which the described part does not occur and with the help of which a concrete slab is created, the fragments of which remain connected to one another even after the formwork envelope has been destroyed.
• reinforcing threads which run in the warp direction and consist of material which is resistant to concrete and which are at least anchored in the lower fabric.
• the reinforcing threads are preferably made of nylon or polyamide yarns and are introduced into the double fabric in the form of cords, strands, ribbons or ropes.
• Reinforcement threads in the form of cords can have a diameter of 0.8 to 1.2 mm, while reinforcement threads in the form of ribbons have one Cross section, for example 5 mm x 0.6 mm.
• the reinforcing threads can also be steel cords, which are also used, for example, to reinforce vehicle tires.
• the reinforcing threads connected or woven at least to the lower fabric do not hinder the breaking of the concrete slabs at the joints or channels due to their elasticity, but they prevent - because their elasticity is limited - that the broken parts move apart.
• the reinforcing threads are introduced into the double fabric of the formwork cover in such a way that they anchor themselves in the concrete when the formwork cover is filled with concrete and at least do not lie at the top in the area of the predetermined breaking lines transverse to the slope. This prevents the reinforcing threads from being weakened or destroyed by UV radiation or mechanical stress.
• the reinforcing threads in the region of each chamber are advantageously connected to the upper fabric at least once.
• the upper fabric lifts off from the lower fabric, so that the reinforcement threads run through the formwork casing in a zigzag fashion and are thereby reliably anchored in the concrete.
• the reinforcement threads are connected to the lower fabric at least once in the region of the connecting lines running in the weft direction.
• the chambers of the formwork casing are each separated from one another by a double row of punctiform connections.
• the punctiform connections can be at least partially formed by punctiform interweaving of the upper fabric with the lower fabric. But they can also be formed by connecting webs whose length is less than half the length of the spacers. If the spacers have a length of, for example, 25 cm, then the connecting webs can have a length of 6 to 10 cm - ⁇ -
• the connecting webs can be designed according to the Absta holders.
• the double row of punctiform connections creates intermediate areas between the chambers of the formwork envelope, which are also filled with concrete.
• the thinner concrete layer di thus formed in the intermediate areas as the predetermined breaking point.
• the formwork casings are placed on a slope so that the warp threads run in the direction of the slope of the slope and the weft threads run across the slope. For this reason, the reinforcement threads run in the warp direction, since there is a particularly great risk that the washed parts of the concrete slab will slide off the embankment during washouts. But it can also be advantageous to provide reinforcement threads in the weft direction in addition to the reinforcement threads running in the weft direction, which are at least anchored in the lower fabric. These additional reinforcement threads running at right angles to the reinforcement threads mentioned in the weft direction prevent the fragments from migrating transversely to the slope tendency.
• the spacers and, if appropriate, the connecting webs from a material that is constant in the concrete.
• the sub-fabric which is protected against UV radiation and other damage, is bound to the concrete slab or its fragments.
• the spacers can be formed in a known manner by ribbons which float in the warp direction and are alternately integrated in the upper and upper fabrics.
• filter surfaces are arranged in a further embodiment of the invention, which are formed by floating the weft and warp threads and at the edges of which the upper fabric m is woven into the lower fabric. These filter surfaces cause water under the concrete slab to come up a, but sand and the like from the Filt area is held back. The filter surfaces are so large that even under high water loads under the concrete slab no greater water pressure can build up.
• FIG. 1 is a plan view of the formwork cover
• FIG. 2 is a view along the section line II-II in Figure 1 on an enlarged scale
• FIG. 3 shows a plan view of a modified embodiment of the formwork covering according to the invention
• FIG. 4 shows a view along section line IV-IV in FIG. 3
• FIG. 5 shows a view along section line VV in FIG. 3
• FIG. 6 shows a view according to FIG the section line VI-VI in Figure 3
• Figure 7 is a sectional view corresponding to Figure 5 of a modified embodiment.
• the formwork envelope shown in Figures 1 and 2 consists of a double fabric, the lower fabric 1 and upper fabric 2 are woven together at the edges 3 and 4. Furthermore, the upper fabric 2 is connected or woven together along connecting lines 5 and 6 running parallel to the edges 3 and 4 in the warp and weft directions.
• the connections along the connecting lines 5 and 6 form a plurality of chambers 7 which are square in plan view.
• a plurality of spacers 8 which limit the bulging of the casing walls are arranged in each chamber.
• the chambers 7 are connected to one another via connecting openings 10 and to a filling opening 9 for the concrete.
• the formwork covering according to FIG. 1 is 10 m long in the warp direction and 5 m wide in the weft direction.
• the connecting lines 5 and 6 are arranged at intervals of about 1 m, so that the individual plates forming in the chambers 7 are about 1 m 2 in size.
• the spacers 8 have a length of, for example, 25 cm.
• the formwork covering is fastened to an embankment in such a way that the connecting lines 5 running in the weft direction run transversely to the embankment. So that the fragments do not migrate when the concrete slab breaks along the connecting lines 5 running in the weft direction, reinforcing threads 11 are introduced into the formwork cover, which are at least anchored in the lower fabric 1.
• the reinforcing threads are in the form of woven or knitted ribbons, cords, ropes and consist in particular of nylon or polyamide yarns. As shown in FIG.
• the reinforcement threads 11 are introduced into the formwork cover so that when the formwork cover is filled with concrete, the reinforcement threads anchor themselves in the concrete.
• the reinforcing threads 11 ' are connected to the upper fabric 2 at least once in the region of each chamber 7.
• the reinforcing threads 11 are connected to the lower fabric 1 on both sides of the connecting lines 5 running in the weft direction. This ensures that the reinforcing threads in the finished concrete slab are protected against UV radiation and mechanical damage and retain their high resilience.
• the chambers 7 are each separated from one another by a double row of punctiform connections 12 which run along the connecting lines 5, 5 1 and 6, 6 '.
• the punctiform connections can be formed by punctiform weaving of the upper fabric 2 with the lower fabric 1. But they can also be formed by woven or inserted connecting webs 12, the length of which is less than half the length of the spacers 8. If the spacers 8 are about 20 to 25 cm long, then the connecting webs 12 can be 4 to 10 cm long. In Fig. 3, the spacers 8 appear as small circles, while the connecting webs 12 appear as dots. Both the spacers 8 and the connecting webs 12 can be formed by plastic tapes running in the warp direction, which are alternately woven into the lower fabric 1 and the upper fabric 2.
• the shorter connecting webs 12 create intermediate regions 13 between the chambers 7, which serve as predetermined breaking points.
• reinforcement threads 11 run in the chambers 7 in the warp direction, which, as shown in FIG. 5, are partly connected to the lower fabric 1 and partly to the upper fabric 2.
• the reinforcement threads 11 are connected both to the connecting lines 5 and 5 ′ and to the rows of spacers 8 on the lower fabric 1 lying next to them.
• the connections to the lower fabric are denoted by 14.
• the reinforcing threads 11 are tied to the upper fabric 2 approximately in the middle of the chamber 7.
• the connections to the upper fabric are designated 15. This arrangement of the reinforcement threads 11 in the double fabric ensures that the reinforcement threads 11 extend when the formwork casing is filled, although the formwork casing "shrinks" when it is filled.
• filter surfaces 16 are arranged, which are formed by floating the weft and warp threads of the double fabric.
• the filter surfaces 16 are square and their side length is approximately half as long as the side length of the chambers 7.
• the side length of the filter surfaces 16 is also three times as large as the distance between the connecting lines 5, 5 'and 6, 6' from one another .
• the filter surfaces cause water from below through the revetment 1 can reach, but at the same time sand is retained.
• the woven reinforcement threads running in the warp direction do not hinder the breaking of the plates in the intermediate regions 16 because of their extensibility. However, they prevent 5 that the plate parts diverge or migrate. These reinforcement threads also prevent that the individual panels slide on each other.
• the reinforcement threads 11 are connected several times to the lower fabric 1 at the connection points 14 and once to the upper fabric 2 at the connection 15 8 and bulge the connecting webs 12, the reinforcing threads 11 are anchored in the concrete, provided that 5 is ensured that the reinforcing threads are kept taut by binding to the upper fabric 2.
• the reinforcement threads 19 that can be seen in FIG. 1 and run in the weft direction can be arranged in their course corresponding to the reinforcement threads 11 and connected to the lower and upper fabric. Because of the lower load, the reinforcement threads 19 running in the weft direction can be made weaker or less densely arranged.
• FIGS. 3-7 can be made of a material resistant to concrete, so that after breaking the concrete slab, the fragments on the one hand by the reinforcing threads 11. and on the other hand by the 0 protected and via spacers 8 and the connecting webs 12 connected to the concrete fragments the lower fabric are held in their correct position.
• FIGS. 2, 5 and 7 show that the reinforcement threads 11 also run protected in the area of the predetermined breaking lines or between the two rows of connection points or connecting webs 8 within the concrete slab.

Landscapes

• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
• Ocean & Marine Engineering (AREA)
• Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
• Civil Engineering (AREA)
• Structural Engineering (AREA)
• Woven Fabrics (AREA)
• Manufacturing Of Tubular Articles Or Embedded Moulded Articles (AREA)
• Revetment (AREA)
• Inorganic Fibers (AREA)

Priority Applications (2)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Publications (1)

Family

ID=6078795

Family Applications (1)

Country Status (6)

Families Citing this family (4)

Citations (8)

Family Cites Families (3)

• 1979
  • 1979-08-18 DE DE19792933551 patent/DE2933551A1/de active Granted
• 1980
  • 1980-08-18 EP EP80104909A patent/EP0024354B1/de not_active Expired
  • 1980-08-18 JP JP55502042A patent/JPS624486B2/ja not_active Expired
  • 1980-08-18 BR BR8008800A patent/BR8008800A/pt unknown
  • 1980-08-18 AT AT80104909T patent/ATE8158T1/de not_active IP Right Cessation
  • 1980-08-18 WO PCT/EP1980/000079 patent/WO1981000582A1/de unknown

Patent Citations (8)

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